R RAHU

2oML26

23102121 CHEMISTRY LAB

Hondha owelon
Hadress Can be dopnad he charueceisie phapal,
ewalo at pteunks te hthorng of orp- Hardbes nsls à due
lo lhe pusnce opelyuala.d aliors tueh as Ca", nyFa ", Al 3"te
webr Conlaining only alkali mall ions à deft. Sinca most
onalyus
de net dilinguish Boluwen Ca", M, and olan
cons, and sinae
nest hardras à Cauad ky Conbenale maneul
depasils handras is
yually aportud au parl pe nailion (PPm) of caleiunn Cosbenki
Cly seight)
Ths, ardny of twalir s a maaune ef ha totl
Cocenbralan of lihe Caleium and magnesinm Ls
enprued as

Caleium Casbonali eapuinalo.b Thoe lue pa s are

hardrus Tempelary asdrst bnel pemanl handras

Tempoarey hardras à dae lo e ptuma ef

oicarbonato o toleiunn ond magrasium. Ón Leeilng , Mise Arcbsane
decompehe do fom inolse CaCOg aned Mg Con, preeipilehu

accoding lo phe holenuing heaclios

Co CHCO3) > CaCO tCO2 t Ha0

Mg CHco)- Mg O), t +2cO%
Thbhe
Lpeary
Caue peand