DSN 4095 CAPSTONE PROJECT

FINAL REVIEW
ON
RESEARCH ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
PLASTICS USED FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SMEC)

Date: 23/01/2024

By: Mrityunjay Upadhyay - 20BME10008 Mentor: Dr. Karthik Rao

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CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Aluminum Properties
• Objectives
• Methodology
• References
INTRODUCTION /03

Aluminum alloy 6061 is a popular and widely used material known for its excellent strength-
to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, and versatility.

Due to these properties it is used in applications such as bicycle frames, wheel caps for
vehicles and other architectural applications.

The aim of this analysis is to examine the properties of 3D printed alternatives for Aluminum
6061 that have the required strength and could result in reduced production costs. [1]

Figure 1: Al 6061 Bike Frame Figure 2: Wheel Caps

LITERATURE REVIEW /04

S. No. Title of paper Author/Year Conclusion

The paper explores the impact of parameters such as

Experimental study on the 3D-printed plastic parts and
1 Ömer Bayraktar – September 2016 melt temperature, layer thickness, and raster
predicting the mechanical properties.[2]
pattern orientation on tensile strength.

The research demonstrates that heat treatment,

particularly with Gypsum, can significantly enhance
Enhancing mechanical properties of 3D printed
2 Miloš Vorkapić – August 2022 the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens,
thermoplastic polymers by annealing in moulds. [3]
resulting in increased hardness and tensile strength
at the cost of reduced plasticity.

The paper highlights how the development of low

Benchmarking of FDM Machines through Part Quality Using cost FDM machines by numerous small companies
3 Paolo Minetola – June 2015
IT Grades. [4] have led to increased accessibility and adoption of
this technology.

The paper discusses the advancements in additive

Comparison between the Test and Simulation Results for
4 Dorin Catana – April 2021 manufacturing, particularly in 3D printing using PLA
PLA Structures 3D Printed, Bending Stressed. [5]
and PLA-glass materials.

5 Ideal Pure Shear Strength of Aluminum. [6]
Strength and fracture of aluminum alloys. [7]
6 T Kobayashi – July 2000
7 Optimizing the tensile strength for 3D printed PLA parts. [8]
Tensile Testing and Evaluation of 3D Printed PLA Specimens.
8
[9]
The compression performance of 3D-printed X structures.
9 Gaoyuan Ye – December 2022
[10]
Shigenobu Ogata – October 2002
C. Novoa – August 2019
Shivraj Narayan Yeole – February
2018
/05
The study compares the shear modulus and ideal shear
strength of aluminum and copper along the
crystallographic direction through first-principles
calculations.
The summary covers various aspects of aluminum
alloys and their fracture behavior.
This research investigates on how extruder nozzle
temperature, model infill rate and number of shells
affect the tensile strength of 3D PLA products
manufactured with the FDM technology.
The paper explores the use of additive manufacturing,
specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), as an
alternative to conventional manufacturing processes
for fabricating parts.
The paper proposes a fused deposition method for 3D
printing to enhance the compressive properties of
lattice structures.
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The paper looks at a Universal Testing Machine which
Development, Validation and Implementation of Universal
10 Stephen Jose Mathew – June 2019 can handle a load up to 10kN for polymer materials
Testing Machine. [11]
which is cost effective and modular.

The paper explores the potential of PLA as a bio-based

11 Tailoring PLA properties for automotive applications. [12] D. Notta-Cuvier – June 2014
polymer.

The study addresses the need for more

Research on the development of the properties of PLA
12 Jae-Won Jung – June 2011 environmentally friendly materials in industries, driven
composites for automotive interior parts. [13]
by environmental concerns and stricter regulations.

The study focuses on the widespread application of Al

6061 alloy in various industries, such as transportation
13 Study on the Mechanical Properties of Al 6061 Alloy. [14] T.V. Christy – July 2010
and construction, owing to its excellent mechanical
properties and corrosion resistance.

The study investigates the impact of various alloy

Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties on 6061 additions on the tensile strength, hardness, and
14 Sujit Kumar Jha – April 2015
Aluminum. [15] microstructure of aluminium alloys, with a focus on AA
6061.
ALUMINUM 6061 /07

Properties:
• Tensile Strength: 40,000 to 45,000 psi (276 to 310 MPa).
• Compressive Strength: 35,000 to 40,000 psi (240 to 276 MPa).
• Density: 0.098 pounds per cubic inch (2.70 g/cm³). [16]
OBJECTIVES /08

• Performing strength tests on 3D printed samples.

• Combining PVA with strength enhancers to obtain
more suitable properties.
• Obtaining an alternative for Aluminum 6061 for
specific uses.
METHODOLOGY /09

• 3D printing PLA samples

• Using a UTM to perform strength tests
⚬ Tensile Test
• Documenting the values and comparing to AL 6061
• Mixing PLA with strength enhancing substances
• Repeating tests on new samples
REFERENCES /10

[1]: https://www.mark3d.com/en/3d-printers/3d-print-stronger-than-aluminium-2/
[2]: Experimental study on the 3D-printed plastic parts and predicting the mechanical properties, Ömer Bayraktar,
September 2016, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310515708
[3]: Enhancing mechanical properties of 3D printed thermoplastic polymers by annealing in moulds, Miloš Vorkapić,
August 2022, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/16878132221120737?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.8
[4]: Benchmarking of FDM Machines through Part Quality Using IT Grades, Paolo Minetola, June 2015,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827115011543?via%3Dihub
[5]: Comparison between the Test and Simulation Results for PLA Structures 3D Printed, Bending Stressed, Dorin
Catana, April 2021, https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/11/3325
[6]: Ideal Pure Shear Strength of Aluminum, Shigenobu Ogata, October 2002,
https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1076652
[7]: Strength and fracture of aluminum alloys, T Kobayashi, July 2000,
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921509399006498
 /11
[8]: Optimizing the tensile strength for 3D printed PLA parts, C. Novoa, August 2019,

https://utw10945.utweb.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/2019/OptimizingtheTensileStrengthfor3DPrintedPLA.pdf

[9]: Tensile Testing and Evaluation of 3D Printed PLA Specimens, Shivraj Narayan Yeole, February 2018,

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323726339_Tensile_Testing_and_Evaluation_of_3D_Printed_PLA_Specimens_as_p

er_ASTM_D638_Type-IV_Standard

[10]: The compression performance of 3D-printed X structures, Gaoyuan Ye, December 2022,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127522010024

[11]: Development, Validation and Implementation of Universal Testing Machine, Stephen Jose Mathew, June 2019,

https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1472019/FULLTEXT01.pdf

[12]: Tailoring PLA properties for automotive applications, D. Notta-Cuvier, June 2014,

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0142941814000658

[13]: Research on the development of the properties of PLA composites for automotive interior parts, Jae-Won Jung, June

2011, https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO201122262522460.page
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[14]: Study on the Mechanical Properties of Al 6061 Alloy , T.V. Christy, July 2010,

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53144785/paper_aluminium_composite

[15]: Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties on 6061 Aluminum, Sujit Kumar Jha, April 2015,

https://eservices.ict.edu.om/SRV/ResearchUploads/1446_skjha_ExperimentalAnalysisofMechPropertiesofAluminumalloys.p

df

[16]:https://www.fergusonperf.com/the-perforating-process/material-information/specialized-aluminum/6061-aluminium-

alloy/
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THANK YOU