Science 1

Atom: The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus composed of protons and
neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

Molecule: A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a
chemical compound.

Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms, capable of independent
existence and performing vital physiological functions.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): A molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the
development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many
viruses.

Evolution: The process by which species of organisms arise and develop through natural
selection, genetic variation, and adaptation to their environment over time.

Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to
synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water.

Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment,

including both living and non-living components.

Gene: A unit of heredity that is transferred from parent to offspring and is held to determine
some characteristic of the offspring.

Gravity: The force of attraction that exists between any two masses, causing objects to be
drawn toward each other.

Energy: The capacity to do work or produce heat, which exists in various forms such as kinetic,
potential, thermal, electrical, chemical, and nuclear energy.