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Contents
E-Commerce Regulatory
Environment
Reference:
1. Henry R. Cheeseman, 2015, Legal Environment of Business
Online Commerce, Ethics, and Global Issues, Pearson, 8th
Edition
2. Muhammad Muinul Islam, Mohammad Ehsan, 2013, From
Government to E-Governance Public Administration in the
Digital Age, Information Science Reference
• The following issues about e-commerce regulatory
environment in terms of concepts, technology, intellectual
property right, privacy and security, are mentioned:
1. Digital Security (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
2. Intellectual Property Right, Privacy, Cyberspace Law and Legal
Issues (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
3. Contract (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
4. Consumer Protection (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
5. Geographic Information System (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
• In this subject, some contents about e-government are
mentioned because, in general, commercial companies
adopt the minimum e-commerce regulation in order to
minimize the operation cost. But the government would
typically fulfil the best practices in regulation that e-
government is a good example to demonstrate the
development, situation and practices in e-com regulatory
environment.
Overview
E-government, the online provision of public
services to citizens, came about from the
government’s adoption of e-commerce
strategies, which had long been in use by the
private sector to sell goods and services
electronically. This radical change came about
as a result of a number of reasons. These are
namely, the pervasiveness of the World Wide
Web; the growing online population; the lower
cost of providing services online; and increased
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public expectations of the government.
1. Introduction (Ecom Regulatory Environment & Egov Applications)
2.
3.
Organization of e-government (Egov Applications)
Politics, Strategic Planning, and Development (Egov Applications)
4. Developing fully functional E-government: A four stage model
(Egov Applications)
5. Digital Security (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
6. Intellectual Property Right, Privacy, Cyberspace Law and Legal
Issues (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
7. Contract (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
8. Consumer Protection (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
9. Mobile Services in E-Government (Egov Applications)
10. Geographic Information System (Ecom Regulatory Environment)
1 11. E-Governance (Egov Applications) 2
Introduction to Electronic
Government
Reference:
1. Ake Gronlund, Electronic Government: Design, Applications
and Management, Idea Group Publishing, 2002
2. K. Layne, J. Lee, (2001) “Developing fully functional E-
government: A four stage model” Government Information
Quarterly, 18, 122–136
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Overview (cont.)
Early e-government was often characterized as
supplying only static, non-transactional
information or at most, transaction with
businesses. The latter are known as
Government-to-Business (G2B) transactions
and were the first type attempted by the
government, usually involving procurement.
Later advancements saw the creation of
government-to-government (G2G) and
government-to-citizen (G2C) transactions.
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Overview (cont.)
With government available electronically, anytime
anywhere, all parties stand to realize benefits
such as:
1) Enhanced citizen access to government;
2) Informed and empowered citizenry;
3) Streamlined business processes and
enhanced efficiency;
4) Higher productivity and integrated processes.
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Definition
e-Government, short for electronic government,
can be defined simply as the public sector’s
exploitation of information technology to deliver
information and traditional services to citizens
through the Internet or other digital means, 24
hours a day, seven days a week.
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Definition (cont.)
There are five principles that should guide e-
government initiatives:
• Building services around citizens’ choices
• Making government and its services more accessible
• Social inclusion
• Providing information responsibly
• Using IT and human resources effectively and
efficiently
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Government and E-Government
The term "government" covers several aspects of
managing a country, ranging from the very form of
government, over strategic management to daily
operations. Definitions of E-Government generally
also cover more efficient operations on all these
areas, and better quality of services and increased
and better quality citizen participation in democratic
processes.
Definition (cont.)
Often this is accompanied by a transformation of the
way governments serve their citizens. Transactions
normally involving the need to deal with several
different government agencies are combined
seamlessly into a one-stop process. Citizens thus
enjoy convenience and saved time. The realized
benefits include cost-savings to government in
service provision, greater convenience and
empowerment of citizens.
Definition (cont.)
From these principles, it is concluded that e-
government is "a permanent commitment by
government to improve the relationship between
the private citizen and the public sector through
enhanced, cost-effective and efficient delivery of
services, information and knowledge. It is the
practical realization of the best that government has
to offer".
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Other Definitions
• E-Government is the carrying out of government business
transactions electronically, usually over the Internet, but
including all the related real-world processes.
• E-Government refers to the use by government agencies of
information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks, the
Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to
transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms
of government. These technologies can serve a variety of
different ends: better delivery of government services to
citizens, improved interactions with business and industry,
citizen empowerment through access to information, or
more efficient government management. 13
Plan of Action
The plan of action for e-government should include the following:
• The organization’s definition of e-government that includes key
areas to be addressed and identification of all customers;
• A vision that is easily understood and succinctly expresses the
organization’s concept of and plans for e-government;
• Specific goals and objectives that can be monitored and
measured;
• Identification of policies necessary to support e-government;
• A methodology for determining organizational readiness;
• A process for identifying and prioritizing e-government
initiatives;
• A business model to sustain e-government initiatives.
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Issues & Challenges
• Access Issues
• Providing access to needed information
• Ensuring privacy and security
• Technical Issues
• Integrating legacy systems
• Changing technology and maintenance
• Human Factors
• Measuring customer satisfaction
• Transforming the culture
• Service Delivery Issues
• Managing financial transactions
• Delivering integrated services
• Resource Issues
• Staff
• Equipment 17
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E-Government Strategy
• A true Internet strategy must examine all aspects of
the business model, interactions with customers and
stakeholders, and should identify those areas where
more value can be created for all stakeholders, by
moving processes and interactions online.
• Creating an e-government strategy is essential for
progressing through the e-government market place,
re-engineering and streamlining processes to support
e-government, and implementing e-government
plans. 14
Other Advices
• Robb stresses heavily the need to give equal attention to
three distinct parts of e-government: policy, people, and
infrastructure. This is to ensure that these parts will mesh
together to bring about a successful e-government strategy.
• Developing a well-thought out governance structure and
involving the participation of and seeing to the needs of all
government, business and citizen users are among the
practical advice offered by PeopleSoft.
• Involving the private sector in e-government strategies is
fast becoming one of the fundamental ingredients in
transforming a government’s current decision-making and
service delivery framework, apart from customer-centricity,
knowledge focus and government integration. 16
Obstacles
• Lack of resources
• Incomplete planning
• Insufficient partnerships
• Incomplete cultural change and training
• Inadequate policy maintenance
• Lack of management or citizen support
• Digital divide
Findings show that lack of public trust in the government
maintaining the confidentiality of citizens’ private
information was a major issue facing the adoption of e-
government. 18