ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL i

CLAY OF TRIUMPH: UNIQUE OF PATH OF MR. ISAGANI TO SUCCESS

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A Qualitative Research

Presented to
The Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
Ilocos Sur National High School’
Senior High School
Vigan City

____________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject
INQUIRES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSIONS

____________________

ALAYSA MAE ARQUELADA

LLOYD S. BAUTISTA
PAULINE G. NAVARRO
CONNI A. PUGAL
GABRIEL O. RACSA
ANDREI P. REPOTOLA
JOHN ERVIN C. VENOZA

2023-2024

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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Damili, an Ilocano term for molding, is a traditional terra-cotta craft in Vigan,

Philippines, dating back to the 19th century. The craft is practiced in various barangays,

with Bulala being the most visited. Damili-makers use Bantog clay, found in the Vigan

hills, for their terracotta products. Within the boundaries of Barangay Cabusligan, a

community situated amidst abundant natural resources, a noticeable absence of

engagement in Damili making, a traditional craft, resentments scholarly interest. This

qualitative inquiry seeks to expound the community's perspectives on their conscious

nonparticipation from Damili production, despite the evident prosperity of local

resources.

In the vast field of human experiences, success narratives often mirror an array

of common threads – determination, resilience, and hard work. Yet, settled within the

folds of these collective tales lies the extraordinary journey of individuals who navigate

unconventional paths, sculpting their success with a clay uniquely their own. This

qualitative research endeavors to illuminate such a distinct narrative, focusing on the life

and achievements of Mr. Isagani – a protagonist whose journey reflects the intricate

artistry of success.

The metaphorical title, "Clay of Triumph," not only conveys the malleable nature

of the journey towards success but also emphasizes the personalized, almost artisanal,

process of sculpting a life of accomplishment. "Clay" symbolizes the raw material of

potential, shaped by experiences, decisions, and influences. It embodies the flexibility of

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human destiny, suggesting that success, much like clay, is not predetermined but

crafted through conscious choices, adaptations, and resilience. "Triumph," on the other

hand, denotes not just the attainment of goals but the profound personal evolution and

resilience that characterize the pursuit of success.

In this research, we excel the conventional understanding of success as a

destination, instead immersing ourselves in the rich narrative of Mr. Isagani's journey.

Through a qualitative lens, we aim to capture the essence of his unique path – the

challenges that tested him, the decisions that defined him, and the moments that

marked his triumphs. By doing so, we hope to unravel the complex interplay of personal

agency, societal influences, and unforeseen circumstances that contributed to his

distinctive narrative.

This study aspires to be more than a factual account of achievements; it seeks to

be a textured exploration of the human experience. Through in-depth interviews,

narrative analysis, and thematic coding, we attempt to unveil the layers of Mr. Isagani's

story, discerning the underlying patterns, motivations, and transformative moments that

shaped his journey towards success.

As we embark on this qualitative exploration, we extend an invitation to our readers to

partake in the unraveling of Mr. Isagani's narrative – a narrative that is not just about

success but about the nuanced and deeply personal process of molding the Clay of

Triumph.

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Statement of the Problem

This study entitled CLAY OF TRIUMPH: UNIQUE OF PATH OF MR. ISAGANI

TO SUCCESS aims to study the success life story of Mr.Isagani on the damili making.

This also includes the discovery of the different experiences, struggles, and challenges

faced by Mr. Isagani in his road to success.

Specifically, this study will attempt to explore the following:

A. Life Influences and Milestones

B. Adaptability and Resilience

C. Support System and Mentorship

Significance of the study

This study explores a unique success narrative of Mr. Isagani, providing a

nuanced understanding of success beyond conventional paradigms. It serves as an

inspiration for others facing challenges, informs educational practices, and guides

mentorship programs. The findings may have implications for policies related to

education, employment, and social support systems. The study contributes to qualitative

research methods by providing a detailed exploration of an individual's life journey. It

enhances understanding of resilience and adaptability, which may be valuable for

psychologists, counselors, and personal development professionals. The study's

cultural and contextual relevance highlights factors shaping success, enhancing cross-

cultural understanding and providing context-specific recommendations.

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This study aims to benefit the following:

Barangay Officials and Policy Makers. The insights gained from the study can

help barangay officials make more informed decisions regarding community

development initiatives, resource allocation, and policy formulation. Understanding

community perceptions and implementation challenges can guide barangay officials in

prioritizing interventions that are responsive to the needs and priorities of the

community.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Development Partners.

NGOs and development partners involved in indigenous development initiatives can

benefit from the study's insights to enhance the effectiveness of their programs and

projects. Understanding community perspectives and implementation challenges can

guide the design and implementation of interventions that are responsive to local

contexts and priorities.

Future Researchers. – this study can be used by the future researchers to gain

more knowledge about constructing a research paper, they can also use this as a

research-based paper.

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Scope and Delimitation

This study is focused on studying the success story of Mr. Isangani. The

researchers are going to interview Mr. Isagani from Barangay Bulala. The research

design to be used will be Narrative.

A narrative research design is ideal for the study “Clay of Triumph: A Unique Path of Mr.

Isagani to Success." This approach uses a third-person perspective to collect and

interpret stories from individuals, aiming to understand the meaning and structure of

their experiences. It allows for a holistic exploration of Mr. Isagani's life journey,

contextualizing success as a dynamic narrative, emphasizing personal perspectives,

identifying key themes and patterns, detailing milestones and challenges, engaging with

Mr. Isagani's voice, and constructing a comprehensive storyline. This methodological

tool allows for a nuanced understanding of success within the context of Mr. Isagani's

life story.

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Conceptual Framework

A. Life in-
fluences
C. Support System and Mentorship and Mile-
stones

CLAY OF TRIUMPH:
UNIQUE OF PATH OF
MR. ISAGANI TO
SUCCESS

B. Adaptability
and Resilience

The conceptual framework of the study is shown below.

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Figure 1: The Research Paradigm

This study entitled CLAY OF TRIUMPH: UNIQUE OF PATH OF MR. ISAGANI

TO SUCCESS aims to study the perception of indigenous people in Barangay

Cabusligan using the three (3) variables – Life Influences and Milestones,

Adaptability and Resilience and Support System and Mentorship to which can be

seen above.

Data will be collected through interviews and responses will be interpreted by

applying a Life Story research design combined with narrative analysis.

Theoretical Framework

This section includes the discussion of hypotheses, principles, and observations

gleaned from available sources that are helpful in conceptualizing this study.

This study entitled CLAY OF TRIUMPH: UNIQUE OF PATH OF MR. ISAGANI TO

SUCCESS aims to study the perception of indigenous people in Barangay Cabusligan

using the three (3) variables – Life Influences and Milestones, Adaptability and

Resilience and Support System and Mentorship to which can be seen above.

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"Pagdamilian" is an iloko word meaning "pottery production area" that derived

from the word "damili" which means "pots made of clay". Red Clay Pagdamilian was

officially named in 2015 although it is already operating for the past years. It is open for

visitors who want to tour around the production and learn how pottery is being made.

Also, it is where the pottery making lesson is conducting for those who want to

experience in creating their own pots.

Damili making is a terra-cotta craft which is considered indigenous to a number

of communities in Vigan. Traditionally, damili craftsmen produced only cooking pots

(banga), water vessels (karamba), firewood and charcoal-fed cooking stoves (dalikan,

pagugingan), water and animal-feeding basins (bakka, paso), plant pots (masetera),

and pipes used as well rings (lusob). Though roof tiles, called tehas [Sp. tejas], and clay

bricks, called nadrilyo [Sp. ladrillo], appear to have been made locally for masonry

during the Spanish period, manufacture of the so-called Vigan tiles only started in the

1970s. It is said that a businessman introduced the product for large-scale production.

Traditional damili products lose out to competition from factory-made wares.

The main component is the Bantog clay, which is mainly sourced in the Ayusan

Sur-Paoa communities. This material’s depletion has raised some concern among

potters. The brisk depletion of Bantog clay may be attributed to the continued large-

scale production of Vigan tiles. Within the last decade, the sale and conversion of clay

quarry sites into residential areas also contributes to the problem. Damili work begins

with the hauling of the raw materials. Men are mostly responsible for the clay extraction

and hauling. Women usually help in collecting fine sand and mosdy take charge of

getting the redder earth for the dye.

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Clay preparation for all types of earthenware involves the breaking of the clay

into smaller chunks, mixing together and moistening of raw materials, kneading,

stocking and keeping the clay moist, and molding. After the finishing touches, all damili

products are air dried for two to six days. Dried leaves, mosdy of bamboo, cattle dung,

coconut husks and more are collected to serve as fuel for the open-and-lower-

temperature-fired damili. Firing of damili lasts for a whole afternoon, although it is only in

the beginning that these are kept aflame. For most of the time, only the embers inside

the pile continue to heat the wares. Even without thermometers, the craftspeople know

the right firing to keep the correct temperature.

On Life Influences and Milestones

Life Course Theory, as applied to the study of Mr. Isagani's journey to success,

offers a holistic lens through which to understand the intricate interplay of events and

experiences that have shaped his life. This theoretical framework encourages an

exploration of his entire life span, emphasizing that individual trajectories are not

isolated incidents but rather a continuum of interconnected moments. The theory

underscores the profound impact of early experiences, suggesting that decisions made

in education and career choices during formative years significantly mold later

outcomes. In dissecting Mr. Isagani's story, the research delves into pivotal life events,

transitions, and critical turning points to uncover the transformative moments that

steered his path towards success.

Moreover, Life Course Theory emphasizes that life events do not occur in

isolation but are part of a dynamic and evolving narrative. Therefore, the study

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scrutinizes the interconnectedness of different facets of Mr. Isagani's life—his personal

growth, educational pursuits, and professional endeavors. This interconnected

perspective offers a nuanced understanding of how various aspects of his life mutually

influenced one another. Additionally, the theory prompts an exploration of the broader

societal and cultural context in which Mr. Isagani's journey unfolded. Understanding the

external factors that shaped his opportunities and challenges adds depth to the

analysis, allowing for a comprehensive portrayal of his unique trajectory.

By systematically examining life transitions, turning points, and the continuity of

experiences, Life Course Theory provides a vigorous framework for untying the layers

of Mr. Isagani's narrative. It enables researchers to discern patterns, developmental

arcs, and the significance of specific life events. In essence, this theoretical approach

enriches the study by not only highlighting individual milestones but by also

contextualizing these within the broader tapestry of Mr. Isagani's life, thus offering a

profound and detailed exploration of his extraordinary path to success.

On Adaptability and Resilience

Resilience theory, when applied to the study of Mr. Isagani's distinctive journey to

success, provides a valuable framework for understanding how he navigated

challenges, bounced back from setbacks, and developed strength in the face of

adversity. Resilience theory posits that individuals possess the capacity to adapt

positively to adversity, and it focuses on the processes and mechanisms that enable

such adaptation. In the context of Mr. Isagani's study, resilience theory becomes a lens

through which to explore the ways in which he demonstrated resilience throughout his

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life. One key aspect of resilience theory relevant to Mr. Isagani's study is the

examination of specific factors and strategies that contributed to his ability to bounce

back from setbacks. The research delves into instances where Mr. Isagani encountered

challenges—whether they be in his education, career, or personal life—and how he

overcame them. This could involve an analysis of his coping mechanisms, problem-

solving skills, and the support systems he utilized during difficult times.

Resilience theory also encourages an exploration of the psychological and

emotional aspects of Mr. Isagani's resilience. Researchers may investigate how he

maintained a positive mindset, coped with stress, and developed a sense of efficacy in

overcoming obstacles. This aspect of the study aims to uncover the internal processes

that played a role in his ability to persevere and thrive despite adversity.

Furthermore, resilience theory suggests that resilience is a dynamic and evolving

quality. In the case of Mr. Isagani, the study could analyze how his resilience evolved

over different stages of life, from early challenges to more recent triumphs.

Understanding the developmental aspect of resilience adds depth to the exploration of

his unique path to success.

The application of resilience theory in this study contributes to a nuanced

understanding of Mr. Isagani's ability to navigate life's challenges. By identifying and

analyzing the specific factors, coping strategies, and psychological processes

associated with his resilience, the research gains insights into the dynamic interplay

between adversity and personal growth. Overall, resilience theory enhances the study

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by providing a theoretical framework to explore and appreciate the strength and

adaptability inherent in Mr. Isagani's journey to success.

On Support System and Mentorship

Social Capital Theory, when applied to the study of Mr. Isagani's unique path to

success, offers a lens through which to explore the role of social relationships,

networks, and support systems in shaping his journey. This theoretical framework posits

that individuals accrue social capital through their connections with others, and these

connections can influence opportunities, access to resources, and overall success. In

the context of Mr. Isagani's study, Social Capital Theory becomes instrumental in

understanding the social dimensions that have contributed to his distinctive trajectory.

One central aspect of Social Capital Theory relevant to Mr. Isagani's study is the

examination of his social networks and relationships. The research delves into the

nature of his connections—whether they be family, friends, mentors, or professional

contacts—and how these relationships played a role in his personal and professional

development. By identifying and analyzing the types of social capital he accessed, the

study gains insights into the external influences that have contributed to his success.

Furthermore, the theory encourages an exploration of the resources embedded

within Mr. Isagani's social networks. This could include access to information,

mentorship, guidance, and emotional support. The research investigates how these

resources were mobilized at different stages of his life, facilitating his ability to overcome

challenges and seize opportunities

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Social Capital Theory also prompts an analysis of the trust and reciprocity within

Mr. Isagani's social connections. Researchers may explore how trustful relationships

and mutual support within his networks have played a role in his journey. This aspect of

the study aims to uncover the social dynamics that have fostered collaboration,

encouragement, and collective achievement.

Furthermore, the theory suggests that social capital is context-dependent, and

different types of social capital may be valuable in different contexts. The research

could explore how Mr. Isagani's social capital evolved across various life stages and

how he strategically leveraged different aspects of his social networks in response to

changing circumstances.

In summary, the application of Social Capital Theory enriches the study by

providing a theoretical framework to examine the social dimensions of Mr. Isagani's

success. By analyzing his social networks, the resources embedded within them, and

the trustful relationships that facilitated his journey, the research gains a deeper

understanding of how social capital has been a driving force in shaping his distinctive

path to success.

Review of Related Literatures

The intricate designs of pots are sometimes inspired from the cultures, traditions,

and history of a certain region. These designs reflect the peoples’ behaviour throughout

the years, and their stories are preserved within the designs of these pots. The story of

ancient Southwest cultures can be told through the pottery they crafted. While a

constant for Pueblo people, ceramics evolved to reflect the historical and cultural

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circumstances of their lives. According to Lekson (2009), who also is a professor of

anthropology, there is much more to the history of the ancient Southwest cultures than

archaeologists have traditionally thought. Pottery held a sacred place in ancient

Southwest culture and its function was ceremonial as well as utilitarian. According to

Forman and Gordon (1986), Landscape is a heterogeneous land area composed of a

cluster interacting ecosystems that is repeated in similar form throughout. Turner et al

(2002) define landscape as an area that is spatially heterogeneous in at least one factor

of interest.

“Of all the arts, ceramics is the most fundamentally linked to the physical make-

up of the planet that we inhabit and best illustrates the link between science and art. It

can be seen as an artistic expression of the geology of earth.” M. Blakely, ‘ceramic

landscapes – the idea’

Lapita art is best known for its ceramics, which feature intricate repeating

geometric patterns that occasionally include anthropomorphic faces and figures. The

patterns were incised into the pots before firing with a comb-like tool used to stamp

designs into the wet clay. Each stamp consisted of a single design element that was

combined with others to form elaborate patterns. Many Lapita ceramics are large

vessels thought to have been used for cooking, serving, or storing food. Some of the

designs found on Lapita pottery may be related to patterns seen in modern Polynesian

tattoos and backcloth. In addition to vessels, a number of freestanding pottery figures

depicting anthropomorphic and zoomorphic subjects have been unearthed at Lapita

sites, as well as a single bone image representing a stylized human figure. Pots are

considered useful in the field of gardening. They serve as containers for plants, they

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help beautify the landscape and sometimes they are used as practical materials for

growing plants. Ollas (pronounced “oy-yahs”) are unglazed clay/terra-cotta pots with a

bottle or tapered shape that are buried in the ground with the top/neck exposed above

the soil surface and filled with water for sub-surface irrigation of plants. This irrigation

technology is an ancient method, thought to have originated in Northern Africa with

evidence of use in China for over 4000 years and still practiced today in several

countries, notably India, Iran, Brazil (Bulten, 2006; Power, 1985; Yadav, 1974; Anon,

1978 and 1983) and Burkina Faso (Laker, 2000; AE Daka, 2001).

Ollas may be the most efficient method of local plant irrigation in drylands known

to humanity due to the micro porous (unglazed) walls that do “not allow water to flow

freely from the pot, but guides water seepage from it in the direction where suction

develops. When buried neck deep into the ground, filled with water, and crops planted

adjacent to it, the clay pot effects sub-surface irrigation as water oozes out of it due to

the suction force which attracts water molecules to the plant roots. The suction force is

created by soil moisture tension and/or plant roots themselves.” (AE Daka – 2001.) The

plant roots grow around the pots and only “pull” moisture when needed, never wasting a

single drop.

Pottery is an ancient craft, with the earliest historical records of wheel-thrown

pottery dating back Egypt and 3000 B.C. in China. In this article, I’ll talk about how

wheel-thrown pottery developed and was refined as a craft and will discuss glazes and

types of clay Early pots were most likely made using hand-building techniques,

particularly coiling, and there are various theories as to how the potter’s wheel

developed out of these techniques. One that is fairly reasonable suggests that while

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using two stone plates, one stacked atop another to make a turntable for coiling, ancient

potters realized that if they could spin the top plate faster, they could make smoother

pots. Early utilitarian pottery was thick-walled, uneven and typically unglazed. It likely

began with people making storage jars for food and water. But whoever could afford to

do so, certainly in ancient Egypt, used every day and ceremonial vessels made of

bronze, iron or precious metals. By the middle of the tenth century B.C., though, pottery

had developed to the point that there are historical records of a family of potters living in

a palace to do the king’s work. In fact, most of the most ancient pottery artifacts in

existence today were preserved in king’s tombs. Although much pottery was made in

the Middle East, Oriental cultures contributed most directly to the refinement of pottery

as a craft.

Boven and Morohashi (2002) point out that indigenous knowledge (IK) refers to a

complete body of knowledge, know-how and practices maintained and developed by

people generally in rural areas, who have extended histories of interaction with the

natural environment. They further stress that these sets of understandings,

interpretations and meanings are part of a cultural complex that encompasses

language, naming and classification systems, practices for using resources, rituals,

spirituality and worldviews. This is similar to Shizha (2013) who argues that IK refers to

what indigenous people know and do, and what they have known and done for

generations. Similarly, Okeke, van Wyk and Phasha (2014) view IK as knowledge that

is produced in specific historical and cultural contexts, and is typically not generated by

a set of pre-specified procedures or rules, but instead it is orally passed on from one

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generation to the next. IK can thus be derived from systematic observations and

experimentation (Baquete, Grayson and Mutimucuio, 2016).

Klein (2011) notes that IK can be integrated in schools by drawing on the skills

and knowledge of parents and grandparents. Several positive outcomes have been

reported as a result of this; such as a stronger focus on the indigenous cultures’ skills

and knowledge, reduced drop-out rate, better school performance of certain groups

such as girls and academically underperforming learners, and fewer disturbances and

discipline problems (Klein, 2011). Similarly, Erinosho (2013) emphasizes the importance

of using IK for contextualizing school science instruction because it forms part of

learners’ prior experiences and source of information that they carry to school learning.

When such learners’ prior knowledge is used to bridge the gap between home and

school, Aikenhead and Jegede (1999) refer to this phenomenon as border crossing.

Effective science learning is believed to take place in a situation that there is harmony in

the cultural experiences of the learner as determined by the school, the home and the

community in which learning takes place (Erinosho, 2013; Mavuru and Ramnarain,

2017; Shizha, 2013). Moreover, if education is the means through which learners learn

about their cultural heritage (Cocks et al., 2012) and values, it needs to integrate local

IK for sustainability that goes be-yond the economic sphere. It is further important to

note that the young genera-tion be made aware of the values of traditional practices, as

it will help preserve the practices for the next generation to come (Baquete et al., 2016;

Kasanda and Kapenda, 2015). This implies that the curriculum in schools should not

only primarily focus on Western-based scientific knowledge, but instead it should also

acknowledge that this knowledge be given in a cultural framework which is primarily

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based on indigenous epistemology (Cocks et al., 2012; Mhakure and Otulaja, 2017).

Mhakure and Otulaja (2017) refer to such framework as culturally relevant pedagogy. It

is for this reason that this study is informed by Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory.

Related Studies

a. Historical Background of the Pottery Industry in Taboc, San Juan, La Union

(Martin, Jaylord et.al., 2016)

Pottery had been known from the beginning of time. It all started with a mud that

indicated the emergence of civilization leading to development of culture. Pottery

was introduced from different civilizations and was accepted, developed,

changed – adapted. Taboc, San Juan, La Union was one of the places where in

the culture and the art of pottery were flourish and modernized. The researchers

aimed to determine the following research problems: 1) The evolutionary

changes in pottery over the years. 2) The lived experiences of the potters in

Taboc, San Juan, La Union. 3) The unique features of Taboc, San Juan pottery

in terms of: a) Design b) Uses c) Structure. The researchers discovered the

existence of a 100-year-old potter who made an important role in the said

locality. A semi-structured interview was conducted. The researchers then

learned the etiology of the pots in Taboc, San Juan, La Union. The collected

records were categorized based from the purpose of the study. Patterns of

historical foundations and cultural significance of pottery in San Juan, La Union

were identified by the researchers. Results also showed the symbolism of pottery

in daily lives of the people of San Juan across all ages. The recovery of the

forgotten history that shaped Taboc, San Juan’s economy, that defined San Juan

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“The Golden Town of Pottery in La Union” a very long time ago. Proposed

programs in promoting pottery as a significant element of tourism industry in San

Juan was provided by the researchers as a recommendation.

b. Rise of “Business-Friendly” Local Elite Rule in the Philippines: How the

Valdezes Developed San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte (Kusaka, Wataro, 2021)

This paper aims to explain why reform-oriented local politics has gained ground

in the Philippines. It has been argued that local politics in the Philippines is

characterized by dynastic elites who employ a patron–client relationship,

exploitive rent-seeking, and coercion and violence. However, a more reform-

oriented local politics has emerged in many parts of the country since around the

2000s. What is the driver for the rise of reform-oriented local politics? Does this

form of politics weaken or strengthen the local political dynasties? This paper

answers the first question by arguing that links between the global neoliberal

economy and local policy entrepreneurs have facilitated the rise of reform-

oriented and business-friendly local politics. For the second question, it claims

that local elites who become successful policy entrepreneurs adopting the new

business-friendly politics are likely to further entrench themselves and perpetuate

their dynasty by utilizing private capital investment. These arguments are based

on the case of the Valdez family in the municipality of San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte.

c. Taoid: communal heritage tourism through a multi-stakeholder approach in

the Philippines (Mercado, Jame Monren T., 2023)

Using qualitative research methods, this article assesses stakeholders’ perspectives

and views on implementing sustainability and development in a municipality in the

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Philippines. Specifically focusing on Cultural Heritage Conservation and Tourism,

the research conducted a virtual focus group discussion with primary and secondary

stakeholders, guided by semi-structured aide-memoires and content analysis of

documents. Prioritising multi-stakeholder collaboration and coordination in

conceptualising, implementing, and monitoring programmes and projects for tourism

development and heritage conservation, findings show that in developing projects

and programmes, the community's heritage significance is a useful framework and

put forth a conceptual model, a San Nicoleño Sustainable Cultural and Heritage

Tourism Development Framework, using the municipality as a case study.

Operational Definition of Terms

Cultural Significance. Cultural significance refers to the value, meaning, and

importance attributed to a cultural practice, artifact, or tradition within a specific

community or society

Economic Consideration. Economic consideration refers to the financial, commercial,

and livelihood aspects associated with a particular activity or practice.

Social Dynamics. Social dynamics refer to the patterns, processes, and interactions

that shape social relationships, behaviors, and structures within a community or group.

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Community Perspective. Community perspective refers to the collective viewpoints,

beliefs, and attitudes of individuals within a community towards a specific issue,

phenomenon, or practice.

Traditional Knowledge. Traditional knowledge refers to the accumulated wisdom,

practices, skills, and teachings passed down through generations within a community or

culture.

Cultural Transmission. Cultural transmission refers to the processes through which

cultural knowledge, values, and practices are passed from one generation to the next

within a community or society.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a discussion of the research design, sources of data,

locale of study, population of study, population of the respondents, data gathering

instrument, data gathering procedure, data analysis, and ethical considerations.

Research Design

A narrative research design is ideal for the study “Clay of Triumph: A Unique

Path of Mr. Isagani to Success." This approach uses a third-person perspective to

collect and interpret stories from individuals, aiming to understand the meaning and

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structure of their experiences. It allows for a holistic exploration of Mr. Isagani's life

journey, contextualizing success as a dynamic narrative, emphasizing personal

perspectives, identifying key themes and patterns, detailing milestones and challenges,

engaging with Mr. Isagani's voice, and constructing a comprehensive storyline. This

methodological tool allows for a nuanced understanding of success within the context of

Mr. Isagani's life story.

Sources of Data

Data will be obtained through the answers of the participant on the interview.

Answers will be interpreted through analysis to easily understand the obtained data and

produce a general result and conclusion.

Locale of Study

This study will be conducted on the community of Barangay Bulala, Vigan City,

Ilocos Sur

Population and Sample

Participants of this study will be chosen by using purposive sampling. Taken from

different sections to ensure data collection is done in a diverse manner. The informants

are chosen using/based on the following criteria:

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1. He/she must be Mr. Isagani

Data Gathering Instrument

Data were obtained by using an audio-video interview to gather information on

the community of Barangay Cabusligan.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers will follow a strict procedure to be conducted on Feb 2024 –

March 2024. The procedure will be as follows:

a. Prepare a content-validated interview schedule in English and Iloco.

b. Secure permission to conduct the study from the School Authorities and

Barangay Officials

(Like the School Principal and Barangay Captain of Cabusligan).

c. Conduct interview and record the conversation with due permission.

d. Conduct and assist the respondents during the interview and explain the

objectives and requested extent of their participation in the research.

e. Analyze and interpret the collected data from the interview.

f. Support results of the data gathered through credible sources found in the

theoretical framework.

g. Present the findings to the panel members.

Data Analysis

This study will use a narrative analysis design in interpreting data.

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Narrative analysis is a form of qualitative research in which the researcher

focuses on a topic and analyzes the data collected from the case studies, survey,

observation or other similar methods. For the analysis of this study, transcriptions of the

audio recording and the answers and the questionnaire were done and translation of the

answers in Iloco and Filipino were made. Lastly the researchers analyzed the answer of

the participants to come up with the data needed for the study. Through appraisal

focused strategy which is directed towards assumptions and modifying the way students

think, the analysis led the researchers to have the conclusion that may include

distancing the students from the problem or change, altering goals and values. It

postulates that discrimination is one of the factors why these individuals had a hard time

in coming out in from their closet. It further states that the effects of low self-confidence

in showing up who really, they are. The subject matter here is how the respondents

confess and tell their coming out stories that may affect if this futile standard of the

community will continue to implement physical and most especially in emotional aspect.

Ethical Considerations

This research paper was submitted to the ethics committee of the school. It was

the considered ethical issues to address the respondent’s vulnerability, obtained

informed consent, and maintain anonymity, confidentiality and justice and fairness.

The researchers conducted this study guided by the following ethical

considerations:

Vulnerability. Participation in this research is highly voluntary. Thus, the

informants have the right to withdraw participation at any point without penalty or risk of

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any kind. In case of withdrawal of participation, the researchers sought consent of other

really informants be included in the sample. The informants were expected to answer

the questionnaires honestly and faithfully. They were also expected to participate in the

discussion of the result to validate the foregoing study and to provide explanations.

Conflict of Interest. The researchers must inform the respondents that there are

no conflicts of interest or other potentially conflicting interests between the respondents

and the researchers in separate schools or divisions, including financial interests and

affiliations. The researchers explained that there was no in any form of gain but

knowledge and information. The study was purely for professional advancement of the

research paper, for this reason the conductors of the research put in the letter for the

respondents that there was no conflict of interest, financial and otherwise.

Informed Consent Process. Respondent participation shall be voluntary and in

no form of force. Any time without prejudice the respondents may withdraw their

consent and not continue with their participation. Before obtaining data, respondents

had an informed consent form to confirm their desire to participate in the study. The

responders are demonstrating that they have fully comprehended the nature of the

research by doing so.

Review of the Risk and Measure to Mitigate. There was no risk to the

respondents’ involvement in the study other than little mental activity stress as they will

be asked to answer questions and minor emotional stress as they will be asked to recall

their experiences as voters and members of the community. Rest assured that any of

the things they shared will be objectively treated, without any judgment.

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Compensation. There was no compensation in any kind as the participation of

the respondents will be voluntary and with consent.

Right to Self-Discrimination. The researcher shall understand and explain to

the respondents what is unclear to them, they have the freedom whether or not they will

participate without penalty. They can withdraw anytime and can decline to give

information. There was a given information of how the survey will be formulated, also a

consent to signify their agreement to participate in the conduct of the study.

Anonymity and Confidentiality. The respondents in the study were assured of

the confidentiality and anonymity of the responses. To protect the identity of the

informants, their names were not included in the research. It shall be maintained

through, but not limited to the following: giving code names to the respondents, keeping

survey form and any documents identifying the respondent’s identity and information in

a secured file in personal possession of the researchers, and disregarding data through

shredding after the analysis would be bound, presented and published. The only

individuals who can access the information are the researchers, technical panel, and

Ethics committee panel.

Justice and Fairness. The researchers of the study treated the respondents

fairly without any judgment or prejudice. Integrity of the conduct of the discussion was

ensured by the researchers.

Community Considerations. The study’s findings served as the foundation for

guidance on how to adapt testing frequencies to different epidemiological conditions.

Benefits from the Study. The benefits of the study are the results of the data

gathering, analysis, and discussions as a basis in understanding the VOICES FROM

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BARANGAY CABUSLIGAN: Understanding Community Perspectives on Damili Making

Despite Available Resources

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HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (HUMSS)