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1. Suppose X is normally distributed with a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 0.4. Using the
standard score formula, we find P (X ≤ X0) = P (Z ≤ 1.3). What is the value of X0?

To find the value of X0 given P(Z ≤ 1.3), where Z is the standard score, we need to convert the
standard score back to the original distribution by using the formula:

Z = (X - μ) / σ,

where Z is the standard score, X is the random variable, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard
deviation.

In this case, we are given Z = 1.3 and μ = 5, σ = 0.4. Rearranging the formula, we have:

1.3 = (X - 5) / 0.4.

To solve for X, we can multiply both sides by 0.4:

0.4 * 1.3 = X - 5.

0.52 = X - 5.

Adding 5 to both sides:

X = 5 + 0.52.

X = 5.52.

Therefore, the value of X0 is 5.52.

2. What will be the value of P (X ≥ 235) given that a normal distribution has µ = 241 and d = 2?

To find the probability P(X ≥ 235) for a normal distribution with a mean of µ = 241 and standard
deviation of σ = 2, we can standardize the value 235 using the standard score formula:

Z = (X - µ) / σ.

Substituting the given values:

Z = (235 - 241) / 2.

Z = -6 / 2.

Z = -3.

Now, we need to find the probability P(Z ≥ -3). Since the standard normal distribution is
symmetrical, P(Z ≥ -3) is equal to 1 minus the cumulative probability up to -3.

Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find that the cumulative
probability for Z = -3 is approximately 0.0013.

Therefore, P(X ≥ 235) ≈ 1 - 0.0013 ≈ 0.9987.

So, the value of P(X ≥ 235) is approximately 0.9987, or 99.87%.

3. The average hourly wage of workers at a fast food restaurant is P338.10/hr. Assume the wages
are normally distributed with a standard deviation of P23.41. If a worker at this fast food
restaurant is selected at random, what is the probability that the worker earns more than
P351.10?

To find the probability that a randomly selected worker earns more than P351.10, we need to
standardize the value and calculate the corresponding probability using the standard normal
distribution.

Let X be the random variable representing the hourly wages. We are given that the mean (µ) is
P338.10 and the standard deviation (σ) is P23.41. We want to find P(X > P351.10).

First, we need to standardize the value P351.10 using the standard score formula:

Z = (X - µ) / σ.

Substituting the given values:

Z = (351.10 - 338.10) / 23.41.

Z = 13 / 23.41.

Z ≈ 0.5556.

Now, we need to find the probability P(Z > 0.5556). Using a standard normal distribution table or a
calculator, we can find that the cumulative probability for Z = 0.5556 is approximately 0.2910.

Therefore, P(X > P351.10) ≈ 1 - 0.2910 ≈ 0.7090.

So, the probability that a randomly selected worker earns more than P351.10 is approximately
0.7090, or 70.90%.
4. On the day before an exam in an online class, students e-mailed questions to the professor at a
rate of 1 every 20 minutes, exponentially distributed. Determine the probability that that the
interval between succeeding messages is more than an hour.

To determine the probability that the interval between succeeding messages is more than an hour,
we need to calculate the probability of waiting longer than one hour between two successive
messages.

The rate parameter (λ) of an exponential distribution is the inverse of the mean. In this case, the
rate parameter is λ = 1 / 20 messages per minute.

Let X be the random variable representing the time between successive messages. We want to find
P(X > 60 minutes).

The probability density function (PDF) of an exponential distribution is given by:

f(x) = λ * e^(-λx),

where x is the waiting time.

Substituting λ = 1 / 20 into the PDF, we have:

f(x) = (1 / 20) * e^(-(1 / 20) * x).

To find the probability that X > 60 minutes, we integrate the PDF from 60 to infinity:

P(X > 60) = ∫[60, ∞] (1 / 20) * e^(-(1 / 20) * x) dx.

Evaluating this integral gives:

P(X > 60) = e^(-(1 / 20) * 60).

Calculating this expression:

P(X > 60) = e^(-3).

Approximately, P(X > 60) ≈ 0.0498.

Therefore, the probability that the interval between successive messages is more than an hour is
approximately 0.0498, or 4.98%.

5. For an exponential distribution, what is the probability that the value of the exponential random
variable with parameter µ=3.2 will be having a value higher than 0.2353?

To find the probability that an exponential random variable with a parameter µ = 3.2 will have a
value higher than 0.2353, we can use the exponential cumulative distribution function (CDF).

The CDF of an exponential distribution with parameter µ is given by:

F(x) = 1 - e^(-x/µ),

where x is the value of the random variable.

Substituting the given values, µ = 3.2 and x = 0.2353, we have:

F(0.2353) = 1 - e^(-0.2353/3.2).

Calculating this expression:

F(0.2353) ≈ 1 - 0.9261 ≈ 0.0739.

Therefore, the probability that the exponential random variable with parameter µ = 3.2 will have a
value higher than 0.2353 is approximately 0.0739, or 7.39%.
6. A normal distribution has a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 12. What is the probability of
selecting a value between 70 and 85?

To find the probability of selecting a value between 70 and 85 from a normal distribution with a
mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 12, we need to calculate the area under the normal curve
between those two values.

First, we need to calculate the z-scores for the values 70 and 85 using the formula:

z = (x - μ) / σ,

where z is the z-score, x is the value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.

For x = 70:

z1 = (70 - 80) / 12 = -0.8333

For x = 85:

z2 = (85 - 80) / 12 = 0.4167

Next, we can use a standard normal distribution table or a calculator to find the probabilities
associated with these z-scores.

The probability of selecting a value less than 70 can be found by looking up the z1 value (-0.8333) in
the table, which is approximately 0.2023.

The probability of selecting a value less than 85 can be found by looking up the z2 value (0.4167) in
the table, which is approximately 0.6628.

Therefore, the probability of selecting a value between 70 and 85 is the difference between these
two probabilities:

P(70 < X < 85) = P(X < 85) - P(X < 70)
 = 0.6628 - 0.2023

≈ 0.4605.

So, the probability of selecting a value between 70 and 85 is approximately 0.4605, or 46.05%.