Chemistry

3rd quarter

Grade 9
Study guide
 Items covered
Chapter 1
L.2 matter and its properties
L.3 Elements

Chapter 3
L.1 The Atom From Philosophical Idea
to Scientific Theory
L.2 The structure of the atom
L.3 Counting atoms
Ch.1 Section 2 Matter and its properties
1. Mass is a measurement of
a. how much space an object occupies.
b. how dense an object is.
c. the amount of matter in an object.
d. the volume of an object.

2. The fundamental building block of matter is the

a. atom.
b. molecule.
c. cell.
d. proton.

3. An element is made of one type of

a. molecule.
b. atom.
c. compound.
d. mixture.

4. A compound is
a. a substance that is composed of two or more elements that are
chemically bonded.
b. a molecule formed by atoms of the same element.
c. another word for an atom.
d. any substance that can be split apart.
5. Extensive properties
a. include boiling point.
b. do not depend on the amount of matter present.
c. include volume and mass.
d. all depend on the chemical composition of the matter present.

6. Which of the following is an intensive property of matter?

a. volume
b. mass
c. energy content
d. density

7. A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of

the substance is called a(n)
a. chemical change.
b. physical change.
c. extensive property.
d. intensive property.

8. In every chemical change, two or more reactants form at least one

a. product.
b. gas.
c. precipitate.
d. reaction.
9. Which is not true about the liquid state of matter?
a. The liquid state has a definite volume and a definite shape.
b. The liquid state takes on the shape of its container.
c. The liquid state has a definite volume and an indefinite shape.
d. The particles in a liquid can easily move past each other.

10. If a mixture is uniform in composition, it is considered to be

a. heterogeneous.
b. molecular.
c. homogeneous.
d. elemental

Answer the following questions in the space provided.

1. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous
substance.
heterogeneous
a. iron ore __________________
homogeneous
b. quartz __________________
heterogeneous
c. granite __________________
d. energy drink __________________
homogeneous

e. oil-and-vinegar salad dressing __________________

heterogeneous

homogeneous
f. salt __________________
homogeneous
g. rainwater __________________
homogeneous
h. nitrogen __________________
Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical change.
physical
a. ice melting __________________
chemical
b. paper burning __________________
chemical
c. metal rusting __________________
physical
d. gas pressure increasing __________________
physical
e. liquid evaporating __________________
f. food digesting __________________
chemical

Compare between the following check the definitions in section 2 from p.10

a. mass and matter

b. atom and compound

c. physical property and chemical property

d. homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

e. a physical change and a chemical change.

Ch.1 Section 3 Elements
1. All known elements are organized into a chart known as the
a. element table.
b. group table.
c. periodic table.
d. metal-nonmetal table.

2. The vertical columns of the periodic table are called

a. periods.
b. rows.
c. groups.
d. chemicals.

3. A period is a.
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
b. a vertical column of elements in the periodic table.
c. a region of two or more columns in the periodic table.
d. another name for the periodic table.

4. Which of the following is not a property of metals?

a. malleability
b. good electrical conductivity
c. brittleness
d. good heat conductivity
5. Metalloids lie between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. They
tend to be
a. nonconductors.
b. conductors.
c. semiconductors.
d. unreactive.

6. The “shininess” of a metal is called its

a. luster.
b. color.
c. streak.
d. malleability.

7. The element carbon is classified as a

a. metal.
b. nonmetal.
c. metalloid.
d. noble gas.

8. Which of the following is not true of nonmetals?

a. Many are gases.
b. Many are ductile.
c. As solids, they tend to be brittle.
d. Most are poor heat and electrical conductors.
9. Which of the following elements is a metalloid?
a. neon
b. selenium
c. mercury
d. silicon

10. Which of these describes noble gases?

a. massless
b. unreactive
c. good heat conductors
d. good electrical conductors

Answer the following questions in the space provided.

1. A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is called a(n)
periods
_______________.
B
2. The symbol for the element in Period 2, Group 13, is _______________.
3. Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity are
metals
_______________.
4. Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity are
_______________.
nonmetals

5. A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a(n)

_______________.
groups

6. The ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets is

malleability
called _______________.
7. Is an element that is soft and easy to cut cleanly with a knife likely to be a
metal
metal or a nonmetal? _______________.
8. The elements in Group 18, which are generally unreactive, are called
_______________.
noble gases

solids
9. At room temperature, most metals are _______________.
10. Name three characteristics of most nonmetals.
_____________________________________________________________
They are brittle, are poor conductors of heat
__and electricity, and have low boiling
___________________________________________________________
points.
11. Name three characteristics of metals.
_____________________________________________________________
. They are malleable, ductile, and good
conductors of heat and electricity, and they
__have
__________________________________________________________
a metallic (shiny) luster.

12. Name three characteristics of most metalloids.

_____________________________________________________________
They are semiconductors of electricity, solid
at room temperature, and less malleable
__________________________________________________________
than metals.

13. Name two characteristics of noble gases. . They are in the gas state at room
temperature and are generally unreactive.
_____________________________________________________________

14. What do elements of the same group in the periodic table have in
common? . Elements of the same group share similar
chemical properties.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Chapter 3 section 1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory
1. John Dalton thought that atoms
a. contain molecules.
b. cannot be broken down further.
c. are all composed of carbon.
d. have no mass.

2. Using improved chemistry equipment in the late 1700s, chemists

observed that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
This scientific law is called the law of
a. definite proportions.
b. gravity.
c. conservation of mass.
d. conservation of momentum.

3. In an experiment, Alex and Rachel discover that their sample of table salt,
also known as sodium chloride, NaCl, consists of 39.34% by mass sodium,
Na, and 60.66% by mass chlorine, Cl. Later, Alex wonders what the
percentage of Na might be in the table salt in his saltshaker at home. Rachel
tells him, correctly, that it is
a. 39.34%.
b. 60.66%.
c. 90%.
d. impossible to tell, without analyzing the salt.
 4. The fact that every sample of a particular chemical compound contains
the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass is known as the
law of
a. conservation of energy.
b. conservation of mass.
c. atomic theory.
d. definite proportions.

5. A molecule of carbon monoxide, CO, has one atom of oxygen while a

molecule of carbon dioxide, CO2, has two. In a sample of CO containing 1 g
of carbon, 1.33 g of oxygen will combine with the carbon to form the
molecule. What is the mass of oxygen in a sample of CO2 containing 1 g of
carbon?
a. 1.33 g
b. 3.0 g
c. 2.66 g
d. 0.0 g

6. If two or more compounds are composed of the same two elements,

then the ratio of the masses of the second element that is combined with a
certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers.
This statement is called the law of
a. definite proportions.
b. conservation of mass.
c. atomic theory.
d. multiple proportions.
7. In 1808, John Dalton established his atomic theory. Which of the
following is not part of Dalton’s atomic theory?
a. All matter is composed of atoms.
b. An atom consists of a nucleus and a cloud of electrons.
c. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
d. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.

8. Which of the following statements of Dalton’s atomic theory describes

conservation of mass? a. All matter is composed of atoms.
b. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other
properties.
c. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
d. Atoms of different chemical elements combine in simple whole number
ratios to form chemical compounds.

9. Which of the following statements of Dalton’s atomic theory describes

the law of multiple proportions?
a. All matter is composed of atoms.
b. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other
properties.
c. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
d. Atoms of different chemical elements combine in simple whole number
ratios to form chemical compounds.
10. Which is one way that Dalton’s atomic theory has been shown to be
incorrect?
a. Atoms can change identity in chemical reactions.
b. Atoms can be split into subatomic particles.
c. Atoms can be destroyed by chemical reactions.
d. Some atoms of a particular element are identical to atoms of other
elements

-The formation of water according to the equation

2H2 + O2 2H2O
shows that 2 molecules (made of 4 atoms) of hydrogen and 1 molecule
(made of 2 atoms) of oxygen produce 2 molecules of water. The total mass
of the product, water, is equal to the sum of the masses of each of the
reactants, hydrogen and oxygen. What parts of Dalton’s atomic theory are
illustrated by this reaction? What law does this reaction illustrate?
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or
destroyed. Also, atoms of different
elements combine in simple, whole-number
ratios to form compounds. The reaction
also illustrates the law of conservation of
mass.
Chapter 3 section 2 the structure of atom
1. Experiments with cathode rays being deflected by a magnetic field show
that cathode rays are composed of particles that are
a. magnetic.
b. negatively charged.
c. positively charged.
d. neutral in charge.

2. Cathode rays are composed of particles that are now known as

a. positrons.
b. neutrons.
c. protons.
d. electrons.

3. In 1911, Ernest Rutherford conducted his now famous gold foil

experiment. During the experiment, alpha particles bombarded a thin piece
of gold foil. The alpha particles were expected to pass easily through the
gold foil. Every now and then, however, an alpha particle bounced back—an
unexpected result. Rutherford concluded that these particles were striking
a. a tiny region of positive charge.
b. a dense region of negative charge.
c. a dense region of neutrons.
d. a tiny region with a strong magnetic field.
4. Rutherford called the region that deflected alpha particles
a. an electron.
b. a positron.
c. a nucleus.
d. a quark.

5. The total volume of the nucleus of an atom is

a. very large compared with the rest of the atom.
b. very small compared with the rest of the atom.
c. about the same size as an electron.
d. smaller than a neutron.

6. Except for in the simplest type of hydrogen atom, all nuclei consist of
a. protons and electrons.
b. neutrons and positrons.
c. protons and neutrons.
d. electrons and positrons.

7. Electrons can be found

a. inside protons.
b. inside neutrons.
c. attached to the nucleus.
d. moving rapidly outside the nucleus.
8. We know that objects with like electric charge repel one another. Which
statement best explains why protons can remain close to one another in a
nucleus?
a. There is no electric charge in the nucleus of an atom.
b. A short-range force, called the strong nuclear force, binds protons
together.
c. Protons are balanced electrically by electrons.
d. Neutrons cancel out the electric force.

9. Most of an atom is
a. dense.
b. fluid.
c. empty.
d. the nucleus.

10. What is the charge of a neutron?

a. positive
b. negative
c. neutral
d. None of the above
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
1. In cathode-ray tubes, the cathode ray is emitted from the negative
cathode
electrode, which is called the ________________.
2. The smallest unit of an element that can exist either alone or in
molecules containing the same or different elements is the
________________.
atom

3. A positively charged particle found in the nucleus is called a(n)

proton
________________.
4. A nuclear particle that has no electrical charge is called a(n)
neutron
________________.
5. The subatomic particles that are least massive and most massive,
respectively, are the ________________
electron and ________________.
neutron

6. A cathode ray produced in a gas-filled tube is deflected by a magnetic

field. A wire carrying an electric current can be pulled by a magnetic field. A
cathode ray is deflected away from a negatively charged object. What
property of the cathode ray is shown by these phenomena?
_____________________________________________________________
The particles that compose cathode rays are
negatively charged.
7. How would the electrons produced in a cathode-ray tube filled with neon
gas compare with the electrons produced in a cathode-ray tube filled with
chlorine gas?
The electrons produced from neon gas and
_____________________________________________________________
chlorine gas would behave in the same way because electrons do not differ
from element to element.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
8. a. Is an atom positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral?
Atoms are neutral.
_____________________________________________________________
b. Explain how an atom can exist in this state.

Atoms consist of a positively charged

nucleus, made up of protons and neutrons,
that is surrounded by a negatively charged
electron cloud. The positive and negative
charges combine to form a net neutral
charge.
The proton, a positive and relatively
massive particle, should be located in the
nucleus.

.The neutron, a neutral and relatively

massive particle, should be located in the
nucleus.

.The electron, a negative particle with a

low mass, should be located in the cloud
surrounding the nucleus.
Ch.3 Section 3 Counting Atoms
1. The atomic number of an element is
a. the mass of the element.
b. 1 mol of the element.
c. the number of protons in each atom of the element.
d. the number of neutrons in each atom of the element.

2. Hydrogen that is composed of atoms with two neutrons is called

a. protium.
b. deuterium.
c. tritium.
d. helium.

3. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different

a. masses.
b. charges.
c. numbers of electrons.
d. atomic numbers.

4. Mass number is
a. the average atomic mass of an element.
b. the total number of electrons in an atom of an element.
c. the total number of protons in an atom of an element.
d. the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of an element.
5. The isotope uranium-235 has 92 protons and 143 neutrons. Therefore, its
mass number is
a. 92.
b. 235.
c. 143.
d. impossible to determine.

6. The nuclear symbol for uranium-235 should be written as

a. U-235.
b. U. 235 92
c. U. 235 143
d. U.

7. What is the definition of one atomic mass unit?

a. 1 g of any element
b. 1 mol of any element
c. 12 1 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
d. 12 1 of the mass of any atom
8. To take a weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an
element in order to arrive at an average atomic mass, you would
a. multiply the mass of each isotope by the decimal fraction representing its
abundance naturally, then add all these products together.
b. use the isotope with the largest mass.
c. use the isotope with the most average mass.
d. add all the masses of all of the isotopes, then divide by the number of
isotopes.

9. One mole is defined as

a. the volume of a substance with a mass of 12 g.
b. the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are
atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12.
c. the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are
atoms in exactly 12 g of silver.
d. an amount of a substance that contains enough atoms to have a mass of
12 g.

10. The molar mass of an element is numerically equal to the element’s

a. average number of electrons.
b. average number of protons.
c. average atomic mass.
d. average atomic number.
 Mass number is the total number of protons
and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope.
Atomic number is the total number of
protons in the nucleus of each atom of an
element
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
1. Explain the difference between the mass number and the atomic number
of a nuclide.
2. How many particles are in 1 mol of carbon? 1 mol of lithium? 1 mol of
eggs? Will 1 mol of each of these substances have the same mass?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
. There are 6.022 1023 particles in 1 mol of
each of these substances. One mole of one
substance will not necessarily have the same
mass as one mole of another substance.
3. Explain what happens to each of the following as the atomic masses of
the elements in the periodic table increase:
a. the number of protons
increase
____________________________________________________________
b. the number of electrons
increase
_____________________________________________________________
c. the number of atoms in 1 mol of each element
stay the same

4. List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons found in zinc-66

_______
30 protons
36
_______ neutrons
 30
_______ electrons