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Ophthalmology 2024 - Batch
Ophthalmology 2024 - Batch
Prince Matthew
Things to Note
• All images used here are “similar” images, variations of the ones that
were projected
• Remember to specify which eye the defect is in (left or right), which
eyelid (upper or lower (specify whether right upper, right lower, etc.)),
etc, for all structures that are paired.
• Specify what kind of antibiotic, steroid, antifungal, antiviral, etc is
used, for questions where it is indicated. Have an example in your
mind.
• For questions which require causes of a disease, if the causes can be
grouped under large headings (eg: for ptosis; neurogenic, myogenic,
congenital, aponeurotic, etc) use the large headings and give
examples under them.
Slide 1
1. What procedure is being performed in
the video?
• Goldmann Applanatory Tonometry
2. State 3 uses.
• Examining the retina, Inspect the fundus or back of the
eye, Checking for optic nerve damage, detecting eye
disease,
2. List 3 complications of b
• Corneal ulcers
• Corneal abrasions
• Drying of the eye
• Impaired vision
• Permanent blindness
Slide 14
1. Identify the conditions in a and b
• a = Entropion
• b = Ectropion
2. List 3 complications of a
• Corneal and conjunctival damage
• Corneal stromal abrasion,
• Corneal scarring
• Corneal thinning
• Corneal neovascularization
Slide 15
What is the correct way of administering eyedrops?
1. Wash your hands with soap and water
2. Invert the bottle two to three times to mix the contents
3. Tilt your head back and look up
4. Use one hand to pull your lower eyelid away from your
eyeball
5. With the other hand, hold the bottle upside down with
the tip just above the pocket
6. Gently squeeze the bottle to let the drop fall into the
pocket
7. Close your eyes and press your finger lightly on your tear
duct for at least one minute
8. Blink the drops in
Slide 15
1. What is the condition above?
• Ischaemic central retinal vein
occlusion
2. State 3 causes
• Blood clott in the central retinal vein
• Trauma
• Uncontrolled DM
• Uncontrolled HTN
3. State 2 complications
• Macula edema
• Neovascularisation
• Vitreous haemorrhage
• Retinal traction
Slide 16
1. What is the diagnosis?
2. State 3 causes of the condition.
Slide 17
1. What can you identify on the image
• leukocoria
2. State 4 differential diagnoses for
this
• Cataract (commonest differential)
• Retinoblastoma
• Persistent fetal vasculature
• Retinal detachment
• Retinopathy of prematurity
• Optic disc coloboma
• Toxocariasis
• Coats disease This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Slide 18
1. What do you see on the
image?
• Dendritic Ulcer
2. What is the diagnosis?
• Herpes simplex virus
3. What is the mode of
treatment?
• topical antiviral such as acyclovir
Slide 19
The man presented with a large
nodule on the anterior neck
• What is the diagnosis?
• Exophthalmos, Proptosis – Thyroid eye
disease
• What are 3 possible causes of the
condition?
• Graves disease, Overactive thyroid
gland, Tumours, Orbital inflammatory
syndrome
• What biochemical test can you
perform to confirm the diagnosis?
• Thyroid function tests
Slide 20
1. What is the condition shown in the
image?
• Ectropion of the left lower eyelid
• Entropion of the left upper eyelid