PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

Philosophy
The study of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life.
Science which inquires into the ultimate reasons, causes, and principles of all things in the light
of human reason alone.

From Greek word

Philosophia (coined by Pythagoras of Samos)
Philo (love) Sophia (wisdom)

Ethics
The science of the morality of human acts
The study of the human motivation and ultimately of human
rational behavior

From the Greek words:

ethos, which means characteristic way of acting
ethikos, which means customary (done in particular situation)
Derived from ethike (doctrine of morality)

From the Latin word:

ethicus

-It is a major branch of philosophy which focuses on the study of value or quality.
-It outlines the theories of right or wrong, morality translate these theories into action. Therefore,
morality is nothing else but it is doing of ethics.
-is a branch of moral science that treats of the correct performance of public service and human
acts of a public officer.

MORALITY – is the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad or
indifferent.

BASES OF MORALITY
SOCIAL NORMS – unwritten standard of acceptable behavior in society (saying bless you,
saying please, etc.)
LAWS OF SOCIETY – written rules of behavior
RELIGION – a system of beliefs and practices based on faith and
truths revealed to man by God
CONSCIECE – the practical judgment of reason telling us what should be done and what should
be avoided; reflection is one’s character

Why we STUDY ethics?

Professionals are recognized as such in part because
“profession” normally includes a set of ethical requirements as part of its meaning...
Professionalism among all actors at all levels of criminal justice system depends upon their
ability to administer policy effectively in a morally and ethically responsible manner.
 Basic points why we study ethics:
We study ethics because criminal justice is uniquely involved in coercion, which means there are
many and varied opportunities to abuse such power.
We study ethics because almost all criminal justice professionals are public servants and thus
owe special duties to the public they serve.
We study ethics to sensitize the student to ethical issues and provide tools to help resolve the
ethical dilemmas that individuals may face with in their professional lives.

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
1. INDISPENSABLE KNOWLEDGE
2. WITHOUT MORAL PERCEPTION, MAN IS ONLY AN ANIMAL
3. WITHOUT MORALITY, MAN AS RATIONAL BEING IS A FAILURE

2 DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
• GENERAL ETHICS • SPECIAL ETHICS

GENERAL ETHICS
The study of the general principles of morality

ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS: 1) KNOWINGLY (KNOWLEDGE)

When the person fully understands what he is doing and has the ability to appreciate the
consequences of his actions.
2) DELIBERATELY (FREEDOM)
When the person did his actions intentionally
3) FREELY (VOLUNTARINESS)
When the person performed his actions voluntarily

KINDS OF HUMAN ACTS

1. ELICITED ACTS - are those performed by will and are not bodily externalized. Are those
human acts that are complete or adequate cause, they begin and perfected in the human will itself
Example: A student decided to go to work with his assignment before going to plays with his
friends his intention is a simple will-act
2. COMMANDED ACTS - are those done either by man's mental or bodily powers under the
command of the will. Are those are done in relation to the dictates of reason. They begin in the
will but are perfected by other faculties under the control of the will.
Example: A student decided to work first with his assignment before playing with his friends gets
his books and notebooks and works with his assignment

ELICITED ACTS
Wish
The first tendency of the will towards something whether this be realized or not.
First step of human act ❑ Example:
􏰀 Cardo, a criminology student, is day dreaming of being a famous police officer after he tops
the board exam.
 Intention
Is the tendency of the will towards something attainable without
necessarily committing oneself to attain it.
Example:
Cardo aims to top the criminology board exam.

Consent
Is the acceptance of the will of those needed to carry out the intention
❑ Example:
􏰀 Cardo disciplines himself to study to achieve his goal in topping the board exam.

Election
Is the selection of those affective enough out the intentions ❑ Example:
􏰀 Aside from self-studying, Cardo decides to enroll in a review center to gather more tips on
how to top the criminology board exam.

Use
Is the command of the will to make use of those means elected to
carry out the intention. ❑ Example:
􏰀 Cardo uses his eyes to read, ears to listen to review discussions, and mouth to ask questions
and clarifications, and brain to recall lectures.

Fruition
Is the enjoyment of the will derived of the attainment of the thing
desired earlier
❑ Example
􏰀 Cardo felt so happy after he seeing his name in the top-notcher list of the Criminology
Licensure Examination

COMMANDED ACTS
Internal Acts
Acts done by the mind through the command of the will ❑ Example:
􏰀In order to choose the correct answer during the board exam, Cardo’s will commands his brain
to recall past lectures.

External Acts
Acts done by the body through the command of the will ❑ Example:
􏰀 As Cardo recalled his past lectures, he immediately used hands to encircle the correct letter in
the answer sheet.

Mixed Acts
Acts done by both mind and body ❑ Example:
􏰀 In order to get high scores in the board exam, Cardo uses his mind to recall past lectures and
analyze questions and his hands to encircle the correct letter in the answer sheet.
 MORAL DISTINCTIONS DICTATES OF REASONS
Stands for the norm of morality which is the standard by which actions are judged as to their
merits and demerits.

CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS ACCORDING TO THE NORMS OF MORALITY

1. MORAL (GOOD) ACTIONS
- are those actions which are in conformity with the norm of morality (good, right, in line with
norms of society)
2. IMMORAL (BAD) ACTIONS
- are those actions which are not in conformity with the norm of morality (bad, wrong, against
norms of society )
3. AMORAL (INDIFFERENT) ACTIONS
- are those actions which stand neutral in relation to the norm of morality.

Modifiers of Human Acts

Changes the moral worth of human act.
5 types of Modifiers
• Ignorance
• Passion
• Fear
• Violence
• Habits

IGNORANCE
Absence of knowledge one ought to posses CLASSIFICATION OF IGNORANCE
A. VINCIBLE IGNORANCE
B. INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE
C. Affected Ignorance
NOTE:
IGNORANCE OF THE LAW EXCUSES NO ONE
Implies that no one should not act as in the state of ignorance and that no one who has done
wrong may not claim ignorance as defense.

❑Invincible ignorance
􏰀Is simply ignorance that cannot be overcome by ordinary
diligence and effort or without being aware of having it ❑ Example:
􏰀Two siblings of opposite sex, who got separated when they were infants, eventually ended up
marrying each other not knowing that they were related by blood.

❑ Vincible Ignorance
􏰀 Ignorance that can be overcome with due diligence and effort on
part of the agent
􏰀 Agent must be aware of his ignorance for him to dispel it
❑ Example:
􏰀 A student heard a rumor regarding a new school policy but he is unaware whether it is true or
not. This made him aware of his ignorance and with due diligence by asking proper school
authorities, he will be able to overcome his ignorance

❑ Affected Ignorance
􏰀 A type of vincible ignorance where the agent is very much aware and fully capable of
overcoming his own ignorance without exerting much effort.
❑ Example:
􏰀 A police officer helps a murderer escape after knowing it was his brother.

PASSION
Either tendencies towards desirable objects, or tendencies away from undesirable or harmful
things
CLASSIFICATION OF PASSION
A. POSITVE EMOTIONS – love, desire, delight, hope, and
bravery
B. NEGATIVE EMOTIONS – hatred, horror, sadness, despair, fear, and anger

FEAR
Disturbance of the mind of a person confronted by danger or harm. It is an instinct for self-
preservation.
VIOLENCE
Refers to any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of
compelling said person to act against his will. Bodily torture, maltreatment, isolation and
mutilation are examples of violence against person.
HABITS
Is a lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated
acts, for acting in a certain manner.
The word HABIT-FORMING refers to certain experience shows how easy it is for one to acquire
a habit. It also implies that a habit is not easy to overcome or alter. It requires a strong-willed
person to correct a habit successfully within a limited period of time.

Voluntariness
From the Latin word "voluntas" referring to the will.
It is essential to an act and without it act is mere act of man.
Types of Voluntariness
Direct: primarily intended by the doer, either as an end in itself or as means to achieve something
Indirect: accompanies an act or situation which is a mere result of a directly willed act
Classification of Voluntariness Perfect: person fully knows and fully intends an act
Imperfect: person who act without fully realizing what he means to do or intending the act
Conditional: person is force by circumstances beyond his control
Simple: person doing an act willfully, regardless of whether he likes it or not

RIGHT DEFINITION:
OBJECTIVELY
It is anything which is owed or due.
SUBJECTIVELY
That is, as residing in a person, right is a moral power, bound to be respected by others, of doing,
possessing, or requiring something

KINDS OF RIGHTS
Natural Rights- based on natural law that is human nature.
Human Rights- based on human positive laws.
Civil Rights- are those dependent upon laws of the state
Ecclesiastical Rights- dependent upon the laws of a church or religious sect
Alienable Rights- civil/religious rights that can be renounce, remove, or surrendered
Right of Jurisdiction- power of lawful authority govern it subjects Right of Property- power to
own, barter, sell, lend, change, or give
away one’s personal possessions
Judirical Rights- based on laws in relation to administration of justice Non-juridical Rights-
moral rights

HUMAN RIGHTS
• These are rights pertaining to the rights of man.
•These are rights inherent to man by virtue of being a human
being.
•These are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life, dignity and to self-development.
supreme rights = highest form of rights
inherent rights = rights attached to men as humans
inalienable rights = rights that cannot be transferred, cannot be borrowed and cannot be taken
away

BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS

1) RIGHT TO LIFE Exceptions:
• self-defense
• death under exceptional circumstances • death penalty
2) RIGHT TO LIBERTY Exceptions:
• for reasons of public health and public safety • penalty for commission of a crime
• circumstances of warrantless arrests
3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY Exceptions:
• Search warrants

BILL OF RIGHTS
This is a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which are guaranteed and protected under
Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
- It is the protection of individuals against abuses of the State.
- This likewise pertains to protection of the rights of an accused.

DUTY
- It is anything we are obliged to do or to omit

SUBJECTIVELY
-It is a moral obligation to incumbent upon a person of
doing, omitting, or avoiding something.
DUTY is a moral obligation because it depends upon freewill. As such it resides on a person.
Duty is defined by law, any willful neglect of duty makes the person accountable for such act.
OBJECTIVELY

Kinds of Duty
Natural duties – are those imposed by natural law Example:
The duty to care for our health
Positive duties – are those imposed by human positive law Examples:
Duty to pay taxes
Observed traffic rules

Affirmative duties – are those which require the performance of a certain act, such as
Examples:
Casting a ballot during election Applying for a business license
Negative duties – are those which require the omission of a certain act such as
Examples:
Not carrying illegal firearm
Not destroying the property of another

Value
Is something a person prizes, cherishes, and esteems as important is a concept that describes the
beliefs of an individual or cultureare ideas and norms man considers relevant and good
Comes from the Latin word:
“valere” (to be strong or to be worth)

GOD
The highest value
The ultimate end of human life Summum Bonum (Highest Good)

Kinds of Value
1. BIOLOGICAL VALUES 2. SOCIAL VALUES
3. RATIONAL VALUES

BIOLOGICAL VALUES
Necessary to the physical survival of man as an organism
-Life and health -Food and shelter -Work

Social Values
Necessary to the sensual need and fulfillment
-Marriage
-Family and home -Parental authority -Education

Rational values
Necessary to the functions and fulfillment of intellect and will
-Guide and control of one self -Religion
 Virtue
• a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that harmonizes with his nature
• the habit of doing good
• the opposite is vice (the habit of doing bad)

FOUR (4) MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES Prudence (exercising the right decisions)

Temperance (resistance to temptations) Fortitude (courage to pursue)
Justice (giving what is due)

PRUDENCE (Exercising the right decisions)

•the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reason and sound judgment
•the virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most effective means for accomplishing what is
morally good and avoiding what is evil

TEMPERANCE (resistance to temptations)

•one’s ability to moderate or avoid something •the virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for
sensual pleasures
• The ability to moderate one’s instincts and emotions; the virtue that regulates a person’s wants;
also means self-control

FORTITUDE (courage to pursue)

Firmness of mind; the courage to endure without yielding the virtue that gives a person strength
of the will; the virtue that incites courage
•Patience: calmness and composure in enduring situations
•Perseverance: the ability to go on despite the obstacles
•Endurance: the ability to last

JUSTICE (giving what is due)

The virtue that inclines the will to give to each what is due to him; the virtue that inclines the will
to respect the rights of others

THREE (3) DIVISION OF JUSTICE

COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE
-regulates those actions that involve the rights that exist between individuals
-calls for fundamental fairness in all agreement and exchanges between individuals or private
social groups
-demands respect for the equal human dignity of all persons in economic transaction contract or
promises
Examples:
Workers owe their employers diligent work in exchange for their wages.
Likewise, employers owe their workers payment for work done.

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
-regulates those actions that involve the rights that an individual may claim from society
-concerned with the fair allocation of resources among diverse members of a community
-implies that society has a duty to the individuals in serious need and all individuals have duties
to others in need
-basis for the saying:
“Those who have less in life should have more in law.” “From those to whom much is given,
much is expected.”

LEGAL JUSTICE
-regulates those actions which society may justly require of the individual for the common good
-according to legal justice, the State may institute just laws and perform such acts to further the
welfare of the community
-thus, laws are created to protect the citizens

SPECIAL ETHICS
The study of the application of the general principles of morality; included in this division is the
category of professional ethics

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
•a set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe
•guides the professional where the law is silent or inadequate

EXAMPLES OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

1) Medical ethics
2) Business ethics
3) Legal ethics
4) Code of ethics of teachers
5) Code of ethics of public officials
6) POLICE ETHICS
Practical science that treats the principle of human morality and duty as applied to law
enforcement

Executive Order No. 292

CHAPTER 10 Official Oaths
SECTION 40. Oaths of Office for Public Officers and Employees.—All public officers and
employees of the government including every member of the armed forces shall, before entering
upon the discharge of his duties, take an oath or affirmation to uphold and defend the
Constitution; that he will bear true faith and allegiance to it; obey the laws, legal orders and
decrees promulgated by the duly constituted authorities; will well and faithfully discharge to the
best of his ability the duties of the office or position upon which he is about to enter; and that he
voluntarily assumes the obligation imposed by his oath of office, without mental reservation or
purpose of evasion. Copies of the oath shall be deposited with the Civil Service Commission and
the National Archives.

SECTION 41. Officers Authorized to Administer Oath.—

(1) The following officers have general authority to administer oath: Notaries public, members of
the judiciary, clerks of courts, the Secretary of the either House of the Congress of the
Philippines, of departments, bureau directors, registers of deeds, provincial governors and
lieutenant-governors, city mayors, municipal mayors and any other officer in the service of the
government of the Philippines whose appointment is vested in the President.
(2) Oaths may also be administered by any officer whose duties, as defined by law or regulation,
require presentation to him of any statement under oath.

Republic ACT No. 6713

AN ACT ESTABLISHING A CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR
PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES, TO UPHOLD THE TIME-HONORED PRINCIPLE
OF PUBLIC OFFICE BEING A PUBLIC TRUST, GRANTING INCENTIVES AND
REWARDS FOR EXEMPLARY SERVICE, ENUMERATING PROHIBITED ACTS AND
TRANSACTIONS AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES

Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for
Public Officials and Employees."
Section 2. Declaration of Policies. - It is the policy of the State to promote a high standard of
ethics in public service. Public officials and employees shall at all times be accountable to the
people and shall discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence, and
loyalty, act with patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold public interest over
personal interest.

Section 4. Norms of Conduct of Public Officials and Employees

(A) Every public official and employee shall observe the following as standards of personal
conduct in the discharge and execution of official duties:
(a) Commitment to public interest. - Public officials and employees shall always uphold the
public interest over and above personal interest. All government resources and powers of their
respective offices must be employed and used efficiently, effectively, honestly and economically,
particularly to avoid wastage in public funds and revenues.
(b) Professionalism. - Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their duties
with the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence and skill. They shall enter
public service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty. They shall endeavor to discourage
wrong perceptions of their roles as dispensers or peddlers of undue patronage.

c) Justness and sincerity. - Public officials and employees shall remain true to the people at all
times. They must act with justness and sincerity and shall not discriminate against anyone,
especially the poor and the underprivileged. They shall at all times respect the rights of others,
and shall refrain from doing acts contrary to law, good morals, good customs, public policy,
public order, public safety and public interest. They shall not dispense or extend undue favors on
account of their office to their relatives whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect
to appointments of such relatives to positions considered strictly confidential or as members of
their personal staff whose terms are coterminous with theirs.
(d) Political neutrality. - Public officials and employees shall provide service to everyone without
unfair discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or preference.

(e) Responsiveness to the public. - Public officials and employees shall extend prompt,
courteous, and adequate service to the public. Unless otherwise provided by law or when
required by the public interest, public officials and employees shall provide information of their
policies and procedures in clear and understandable language, ensure openness of information,
public consultations and hearings whenever appropriate, encourage suggestions, simplify and
systematize policy, rules and procedures, avoid red tape and develop an understanding and
appreciation of the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the country, especially in the
depressed rural and urban areas.
(f) Nationalism and patriotism. - Public officials and employees shall at all times be loyal to the
Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the use of locally produced goods, resources and
technology and encourage appreciation and pride of country and people. They shall endeavor to
maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty against foreign intrusion.

(g) Commitment to democracy. - Public officials and employees shall commit themselves to the
democratic way of life and values, maintain the principle of public accountability, and manifest
by deeds the supremacy of civilian authority over the military. They shall at all times uphold the
Constitution and put loyalty to country above loyalty to persons or party.
(h) Simple living. - Public officials and employees and their families shall lead modest lives
appropriate to their positions and income. They shall not indulge in extravagant or ostentatious
display of wealth in any form.

PRC OATH OF PROFESSIONALS

I _____________________ of _________________ hereby solemnly swear that I will support
and defend the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines; that I will bear true faith and
allegiance to the same; that I will obey the laws, legal orders, and decrees promulgated by the
duly constituted authorities of the Republic of the Philippines; and that I impose this obligation
upon myself voluntarily, without mental reservation or purpose of evasion.
I further solemnly swear that at all times and places, I will adhere closely to the ethical and
professional rules generally accepted by the CRIMINOLOGY PROFESSION in the Philippines
and that I will well and faithfully discharge to the best of my ability the responsibilities and
obligations incumbent upon a legally authorized CRIMINOLOGISTS.
So help me, God.

CODE OF ETHICS
Are institutional guidelines used to further reinforce the ethical conduct by practitioners. They
are not constructed as detailed means of resolving every ethical problem but as general principles
that illuminate moral choice.

FUNCTIONS OF CODES TWO MAJOR PURPOSES OF CODE OF ETHICS

1. They provide moral guidelines for practitioners of criminal justice. As such, they constitute
moral obligations that should be met and moral qualities that should be emulated. The objective
is to motivate workers to be dedicated to whatever they do and to devote themselves to the
principles of honesty, fidelity and professionalism.
2. Define professional behavior in the workplace. When practitioners adhere to a code of ethics,
the result is an environment that is conductive to excellence.

TWO MAIN VIRTUES CULTIVATED BY CODE OF ETHICS

1. ETHICS OF PUBLIC SERVICE
2. ETHICS OF PROFESSIONALISM

CODE OF ETHICS BOARD OF CRIMINOLOGY

 Article I
PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST
a. The primary responsibility of every person admitted to the practice of Criminology as a
Registered Criminologist is to bear faithful allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and be
loyal to his profession. They shall accept as a sacred obligation and responsibility as citizens to
support the Constitution of the Philippines and as a Registered Criminologist to defend the
principles of liberty as defined in the Constitution and Laws.
b. As a Registered Criminologist, they shall strive to improve their effectiveness by diligent
study and sincere attention to improvement and welcome the opportunity to disseminate practical
and useful information relating to matters accruing to the benefit of public safety and welfare.

Article 2 LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY

a. The first duty of a criminologist as upholder of the law is to know its bounds upon him, be
aware of limitations and prescriptions and recognize the system of government that gives to no
man group or institution absolute power. He must ensure that he is prime defender of that system
and as such must never pervert its character.
b. They shall in the performance of their duty be just, impartial and reasonable, never according
anyone more preferential treatment than another. They shall recognize the limitation of their
authority and at no time use the power of their profession for personal advantage.

Article 3 PRIVATE CONDUCT

a. The Registered Criminologist must be mindful of his special identification by the public as an
upholder of the law. He must never be lax in conduct or manner in private life, express disrespect
for the law, nor seek to gain special privilege that would be reflective upon the profession. He
must so conduct his private life that the public will regard him as an example of stability fidelity
and morality.
b. He must strive to elevate the standing of the profession in the public mind, strengthen public
confidence in law enforcement, develop and maintain complete support and cooperation of the
public and insure the effectiveness by encouraging complete cooperation of members for their
mutual benefit.

Article 4
CONDUCT TOWARDS THE PUBLIC
a. The Criminologists remind at all times that dignity, fairness and a genuine willingness to help
are essential to their public image and their ability to do a good job.
b. The Criminologists mindful of their responsibility to the whole community, deal with
individuals of the community in a manner calculated to instill respect for its laws and their
profession.
c. They shall be habitually courteous and accept their responsibility by being punctual and
expeditious in their engagements and duties. They shall regard their profession as a public trust
and in the discharge of their duties, bear constantly in mind their obligation to serve the public
efficiently and effectively

Article 5
ATTITUDE TOWARDS PROFESSION
a. The criminologists shall strive to make the best application of science to the solution of crime,
by diligent study and sincere attention to self improvement, and in the fields of human
relationships, strive for effective leadership and public influence in matters affecting public
safety.
b. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his profession as an honorable one
rendering valuable service to his community and country. They shall strive to attain certain of the
most withering cross examination particularly from fellow criminologists and associates.
c. He shall avoid outside influence from overzealous and overanxious clients and his findings
shall be based solely and entirely on logical and scientific deduction derived from a fair and
impartial examination personally performed by him.
d. He must never lose sight of the important fact that he should not only work for the
identification, apprehension and conviction of criminals, but must strive with greater if not equal
vigor to clear the innocent.

Article 6 ATTITUDE TOWARDS FELLOW CRIMINOLOGISTS

a. The Criminologists shall strive constantly to improve professional standing of Criminology
through association with others in the profession and keeping abreast with the fast moving world
of science and technology through constant research and development.
b. He shall cooperate fully with fellow criminologists regardless of personal prejudice. He should
however, be assured that such action is proper and in accordance with law and guard against the
sue of this office or person, knowingly or unknowingly in any improper or illegal action. He
always bear in mind at all times that it is not sufficient to be proficient in one’s work, he must
also have a high sense of justice, a belief in the dignity and worth of all men and a proper
motivation and attitude. He must possess a sense of dedication to his profession and a sense of
duty and obligation to his fellowmen.
c. He shall cooperate with fellow criminologists and public officials to the end that the safety and
general welfare of the public will be assured, never permitting jealousies or personal differences
to influence their professional duties and obligations.

Article 7 CODE OF ETHICS

•The universally accepted Code of Ethics for Law Enforcement shall be temporarily adopted
pending formulation of a more specific code that embraces all aspects of Criminology.

As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and
property; to protect the innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or intimidation,
and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional rights of all men to
liberty, equality and justice. I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain
courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint; and be constantly
mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official
life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the regulation of my department.
Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official capacity
will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty. I will never
act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices animosities or friendships to influence
mydecisions. With the compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution or criminals, I will
enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor malice or ill will, never
employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities. I recognize the badge of
my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I am
true to the other of the police service. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives, and
ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession. . .law enforcement.
Police Ethics
A practical science that treats the principle of human morality and duty as applied to law
enforcement
Who are the Police?
• the public officials
• with the extraordinary powers of arrest
•who performs the direct police services of patrol, criminal investigation and traffic control.

Legal Basis for Police Ethics Section 37, RA 6975

Performance Evaluation System.– There shall be established a performance evaluation system
which shall be administered in accordance with the rules, regulations and standards, and a code
of conduct promulgated by the Commission for members of the PNP. Such performance
evaluation system be administered in such a way as to foster the improvement of individual
efficiency and behavioral discipline as well as the promotion of organizational effectiveness and
respect for the constitutional and human rights of citizens, democratic principles and ideals and
the supremacy of civilian authority over the military.
The rating system as contemplated herein shall be based on standards prescribed by the
Commission and shall consider results of annual physical, psychological and neuropsychiatric
examinations conducted on the PNP officer or member concerned

Napolcom Resolution No. 92-4

- Resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving the draft of the Philippine National Police
Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards by the PNP
- Approved on March 12 1992

PURPOSES OF THE CODE

•To foster individual efficiency, behavioral discipline and organizational effectiveness, as well as
respect for constitutional and human rights of citizens, democratic principles and ideals and the
supremacy of civilian authority over the military;
• To set the moral tone and norms of professional conduct in the police service;
• To provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP members; and
•To enlighten members of the police service of what behavior is really acceptable – to define
what is permitted and what is prohibited.

11 Canons of Police Ethics

The following are the cannons of Police ethics:
1. Primordial police responsibility
2. Limitation of Police authority
3. Knowledge of the law and other responsibilities
4. Use of proper means to obtain proper ends.
5. Cooperation with public officials
6. Proper conduct and behavior
7. Conduct toward the community
8. Conduct in arresting law violators.
9. Firmness in refusing gifts or favors.
10. Impartial presentation of evidence
11. Attitude toward police profession

Primordial Police Responsibility

• The primary objectives of Police is the prevention of crime, policeman knew too well that he
has committed his Life to defend and protect the rights of the citizen and uphold the law at all
cost.

Limitation of Police Authority

• The primary as an upholder of the law must know its limitation upon him in enforcing the law,
thus:
• He must be aware of the limitations which the people, through law, have placed him
• He must recognize the center of the democratic system of government, which gives person, or
group of persons, absolute power.
• He must insure that he does not pervert its true character.

Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibility

•The policeman shall assiduously apply himself to the principles of the laws, which he is sworn
to applied.
•He will make certain of his responsibilities in the particular field of enforcement, seeking aid of
his superior in matters technically or in principles are not clear to him
•He shall make special effort to fully understand his relationship with law enforcement agencies,
particularly on matters of jurisdiction, both geographically and substantively.

Use of proper Means to Obtain Paper Ends

•The policeman shall be Mindful of his responsibility to have strict selection of methods in
discharging the duty of his office.
•Violation of law or public safety and property on the part of the officer are intrinsically wrong.
They are self-defeating if they instill in the public mind and a like disposition.
•The employment of Illegal methods, no matter how worthy the end, is certain to encourage
disrespect for the law and its officers, If the law is to be honored, it must first be honored by
those who enforce it.

Cooperation with Public Officials

• The policeman shall cooperate fully with other public officials in the performance or authorized
duties, regardless of party affiliation or personal prejudices. He shall be meticulous law,
however, in assuring himself of property, under the law, such actions and shall guard against the
use of his office or person whether knowingly or in any improper or illegal action.

Proper Conduct and Behavior

•The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as an upholder of law.
Police laxity of conduct or manner in private life, expressing either disrespect for the law or
seeking to gain special prevail, cannot but reflect upon in the policeman and the police service.
The community and the service requires that the policeman leads the life of decent and honorable
person, following the career of policeman gives no special pre-requisite.

Conduct towards the Community

•The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community
•He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner calculated to instill respect for its
law.
•He shall conduct his official life in a manner that will inspire confidence and trust.
•He will be neither overbearing nor subservient, as no individual citizen has no obligation to
stand in awe of him or fight to command him.
•He will do neither from personal preference or prejudice but rather a duly appointed officer of
the law discharging his sworn obligation.

Conduct in Arresting Law Violator

• Policeman shall use his powers of arrest in accordance with the law and with due regard to the
rights of the citizen concerned.
•He shall, at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and limitation regarding
the detention of the accused.
• He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility of having to use
force.
•He shall cultivate a dedication to the people and the equitable upholding of the law whether in
the handling of the accused or law-abiding citizen.

Firmness in Refusing Gifts or Favors

• Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of maintaining, in his
conduct, the honor and integrity of all government institution.
• He shall guard against placing himself in a Position in which the public can reasonably assume
that special consideration is being given.
•He shall be firm in refusing gifts, favors or gratitude, large or small, which can be public mind,
be interpreted as capable of influencing his judgment in the discharge of his duties.

Attitude towards Police Profession

• Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a public trust and recognize his
responsibilities as a public servant.
• He shall strive to make the best possible application of science to the selection of the crime and
in the field of human relation.
• He shall strive for effecting leadership and public influence in matters affecting public safety.
• He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his office, and hold police work to be
an honorable profession rendering valuable service to his community.
• Through study and experience, a police officer can acquire the high level of knowledge and
competence that is essential for the efficient and effective performance of duty. The acquisition
of knowledge is a never- ending process of personal and professional development that should be
pursued constantly.

POLICE PRINCIPLES
The following are the professional police principles 1.Prevention of crime and disorder
2. Cooperation of the community.
3. Unreasonable force reduces community cooperation
4. Use of reasonable force when persuasion is not sufficient 5. Impartial Enforcement of laws
6. The community are the police
7. Police should not usurp judicial powers
8. Rules of engagement impartially observed 9. Reduction of crime and dishonor
10. Police discretion

The Police Officer’s Creed

• I believe in God, The Supreme Being, The Great Provider, and The Creator of all men and
everything dear to me. In return, I can do no less than love Him above all obeying His word, seek
His guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.
• I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of
the land and the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the
leadership, and obey legal orders of my superior officers.
• I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this end, I commit myself to the service
of my fellowmen over and above my personal interest.

• I believe in the sanctity of marriage and family life. I shall set the example of decency and
morality, shall have high regard for family life and value of marital fidelity.
• I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit
myself from extravagance and ostentatious display of material things. I shall help protect the
environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance.
• I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and I shall uphold the truth at all
times

The Police Officer’s Pledge • I will love and serve God, my country and people;
• I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of the duly constituted authorities;
•I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard of morality and professionalism;
• I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service; and
• I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others.

8 PNP BASIC ISSUES

The deployment and employment of the PNP personnel require the organization and its members
to bare their stand on the following basic issues:
Police Management leadership
-The effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective of the managerial capabilities and competent
leadership of the men and women who run the PNP organization.
-It is therefore a “must” that these attributes be the primary basis for consideration in the
selection of personnel for employment and deployment purpose.
Equality in the service
-There shall be judicious and equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one’s worth in the
police service.

Delicadeza
-In consonance with the requirements of honor and integrity in the PNP, all members must have
the moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time-honored principle of
delicadeza.
Police Lifestyle
-The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle for its members which the public will find
credible and respectable.
-The public expects a police officer to live a simple and dignified life. They must be free from
greed corruption and exploitation.
 Political Patronage
- PNP members shall inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage on matters pertaining
to assignment, award,, training and promotion
Setting Example
- All PNP members shall set good example to their subordinates and follow good example from
the superiors.

PNP PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

15 Police Professional Conduct
• Commitment to Democracy
• Commitment to Public Interest
• Non Partisanship
• Physical Fitness and Health
• Secrecy Discipline
• Non Solicitation of Patronage
• Social Awareness
• Proper Care and Use of Public Property • Respect of Human Rights
• Devotion to Duty
• Conservation of Natural Resources
• Discipline
• Loyalty
• Obedience to Superiors
• Command Responsibility

Commitment to Democracy
• Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves to the democratic way of life and values
and maintain the principle of public accountability.
• They shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be loyal to our country, people and
organization, above their loyalty to any person
Commitment to Public Interest-
• PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above personal interest. All
government properties, resources and powers of their respective offices must be employed and
used effectively, honestly and efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage of public funds and
revenues.
• PNP members must avoid and prevent the “malversation” of human resources, government
time, property and funds

Non-Partisanship
• PNP members shall provide services to everyone without discrimination regardless of party
affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations.
Physical Fitness and Health
• PNP members shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and in good health at all times.
Toward this end, they shall undergo regular physical exercises and annual medical examination
in any PNP Hospital or Medical facility, and actively participate in the Physical Fitness and
Sports Development Program of the PNP.
 Secrecy Discipline-
• PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information against unauthorized
disclosure, including confidential aspects of official business, special orders, communications
and other documents roster or any portion thereof, contents of criminal records, identities of
persons who may have given information to the police in confidence and other classified
information or intelligence material.
Social Awareness-
•PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged to actively get involved
in religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image of the organization without affecting
their official duties

Non- Solicitation of Patronage

• PNP members shall seek self-improvement through career development and shall not directly
or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from politicians, high ranking government
officials prominent citizens, persons affiliated with civic or religious organizations with regards
to their assignments, promotions, transfer or those of other members of the force, nor shall they
initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by citizens in their behalf.
• Moreover, they shall advise their immediate relatives not to interfere in the activities of the
police service particularly in the assignment and reassignment of personnel
Proper Care and Use of Public Property
• PNP members shall promote and maintain sense of responsibility in the protection, proper care
and judicious disposition and use of public property issued for their official use or entrusted to
their care and custody just like “ a good father of their family”.
•When the Commander/Director is relieved from his post, all properties/equipment belonging to
the government must be turned-over to the incoming. A committee for the purpose shall be
proper. Hence, it is a taboo for outgoing Commander/Director to detach, remove and bring home
or to his new assignment properties which do not personally belong to him.

Respect for Human Rights

• In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and uphold
the human rights of all persons.
•No member shall inflict, instigate or tolerate extra-judicial killings, arbitrary arrests, any act of
torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and shall not invoke
superior orders or exceptional circumstances such as a state –of-war, a threat to national security,
internal political instability or any public emergency as a justification for committing such
human rights violations.
Devotion to Duty
• PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication thoroughness, efficiency enthusiasm,
determination, and manifest concern for public welfare, and shall refrain from engaging in any
activity which shall be conflict with their duties as public servants.

Conservation of Natural Resources

• PNP members shall help in the development and conservation of our natural resources for
ecological balance and posterity as these are the inalienable heritage of our people
Discipline
•PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all times in keeping with the rules and
regulations of the organization
Loyalty
• PNP members shall be loyal to the Constitution and the police service as manifested by their
loyalty to their superiors peers and subordinates as well

Obedience to Superiors
• PNP members shall obey lawful orders of and be courteous to superior officers and other
appropriate authorities within the chain of command.
• They shall readily accept whenever they are assigned anywhere in the country. Therefore, it is
taboo for any personnel to petition in court or in any public forum his assignment
Command Responsibility
•In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility,
immediate Commanders/ Directors shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and
direction of their personnel and shall see to it that all government resources shall be managed,
expended or utilized in accordance with laws and regulations and safeguard against losses thru
illegal or improper disposition.

PNP ETHICAL STANDARDS

7 PNP Ethical Standards
• Morality
• Judicious Use of Authority. • Integrity
• Justice
• Humility
• Orderliness
• Perseverance

Morality
• PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency and shall set good
examples for others to follow.
• In no instance during their terms of office, among other things, shall they be involved as
owners, operators, managers or investors in any house of ill-repute or illegal gambling den or
other places devoted to vices, nor they shall patronize such places unless on official duty, and
tolerate operations of such establishments in their respective areas of responsibilities.
• They shall be faithful to their lawfully wedded spouses. Judicious Use of Authority
• PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in the performance of duty

Integrity
• PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest practices in
accordance with the provisions of RA 6713 and other applicable laws.
Justice
• PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of others so that they can fulfill their
duties and exercise their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders, or
in other capacities and to see to it that others do likewise
Humility
• PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the masters of the
people and towards this end, they should perform their duties without attracting attention or
expecting the applause of others.

Orderliness
• PNP members shall follow original procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to them to
minimize waste in the use of time, money and effort
Perseverance
• Once a decision is made, PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve the goal even in
the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite anything which might weaken their
resolve in the course of time

PNP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS GENERAL STATEMENT

The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditional based on the desirable practices
of the police service. These shall serve as inspiration as the PNP endeavors to attain its goal and
objectives.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Customs
Established usage or social practices carried on by tradition that have obtained the force of law.
Traditions
Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation with
the effect of an unwritten law.
Courtesy
A manifestation of expression of consideration and respect for others. Ceremony
A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to special
occasion.
Social Decorum
A set of norms and standards practiced by members during social activities and other functions.

Customs of Police Courtesy

Salute
• the usual greetings rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing person
entitled to a salute.
• Highest form of courtesy
Salute to National Color and Standard
•Members stand at attention and salute the national color and standard as these pass by them or
when the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies.
Address/Title
• Junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute with the word “Sir” or
“Ma’am”.
• All Police Commissioned Officers shall be addressed sir or ma’am by Police Non-
Commissioned Officers and Non-Uniformed Personnel.

Courtesy Calls
Courtesy Call of Newly Assigned/Appointed Member
• PNP members who are newly appointed or assigned in a unit or command call on the chief of
the unit or command and other key personnel as a matter of courtesy, as well as for accounting,
orientation and other purposes.
Christmas Call
• PNP members pay a Christmas Call on their local executives in their respective areas of
responsibility.

New Year’s Call –

• PNP members pay a New Year’s call on their commanders and /or key
officials in their respective areas of responsibility. Promotion Call
• Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this occasion, they are usually given
due recognition and congratulations by their peers for such deserved accomplishment.Exit Call
• PNP members pay an Exit Call on their superiors in the unit or command when relieved or
reassigned out of the said unit or command.

Courtesy of the Post

• The host unit extend hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the command or unit.

Rank Has –Its –Own Privilege (RHIP)

• PNP members recognize the practice that different ranks carry with them corresponding
privileges.

Customs on Ceremonies Flag Raising Ceremony

• PNP members honor the flag by hoisting and singing the National Anthem before the start of
the official day’s work.

Flag Lowering Ceremony

• At the end of the official days’ work, the PNP members pause for a moment to salute the
lowering of the flag.

Half-Mast
• The flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed members of the command.

Funeral Service and Honors

• Departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PC/INP members are given
vigil, necrological services and graveside honors as a gesture of farewell.

Ceremony Tendered to Retirees

• In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to the PNP, a testimonial activity
shall be tendered in their honor.

Honor Ceremony
• Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP Officers
with the grade of Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers of equivalent grade, unless
waived.
Turnover Ceremony
• The relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is publicly announced in a
Turnover Ceremony by the outgoing and incoming officers in the presence of the immediate
superior or his representative.
• Outgoing Commander/Director should not leave his post without proper turnover.
• Turn-over includes turnover of properties/equipment, human and material resources.

Wedding Ceremony
• During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with participants in uniform and
swords drawn.
Anniversary
•The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an
Anniversary Ceremony.

POLICE CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM

Proper Attire
• PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the occasion.
Table Manners
• PNP members observe table etiquette at all times. Social Graces
• PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with people during social functions.

Uniform/Appearance
• The public looks upon a PNP member as distinctively a man among men. It is a welcome sight
when PNP members wear their uniform properly wherever they may be.
• Bulging stomach is a taboo in the uniformed service.
• Since disciplined PNP members are best exemplified by those who are neat in appearance and
wearing the prescribed uniform, they must therefore observe the following:
• Wearing of prescribed uniform
• Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules & regulations
Manner of Walking
• Every PNP Member is expected to walk with pride and dignity.

OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS

Visiting the Sick
• Immediate commanders or other available officers of the unit visit PNP Members who are sick
in the hospital, their residence or any place of confinement in order that their needs are attended
to.

Survivor Assistance of Heir of Deceased Members

• A survivor officer is designated whenever PNP members die, to render maximum assistance to
their bereaved family until all benefits due shall have been received.

Visiting the Religious Leaders

• PNP Officers visit religious leaders in their areas of assignment to establish or maintain rapport
and cooperation between the different religious leaders and the PNP.
Athletics
• PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities o insure that their proper physical
appearance and bearing are smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity with the standard
set forth by the organization.
Happy Hours
• Usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP members gather together at
their PNP club for a light hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes.

POLICE TRADITION
Spiritual Beliefs
• PNP members are traditionally religious and God-loving person. They attend religious services
together with the members of their family.

Valor
• History attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of valor in
defending the country from aggression and oppression and protecting/preserving the life and
property of the people. They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen
whom they have pledged to serve.

Patriotism
• The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of country with
a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the constitution.

Discipline
• The discipline of the PNP members is manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and
thorough and spontaneous actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by
moral, ethical and legal norms

Gentlemanliness
• PNP members are upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere
in their concern to fellowmen.

Word of Honor
• PNP members’ word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it. Duty
• PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who
perform their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self-sacrifice. They shall readily
accept assignment anywhere in the country.

Loyalty
• PNP members are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people as borne by history
and practice.

Camaraderie
• The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization,
extending to the people they serve., in manifested by the PNP members’ deep commitment and
concern for one another.
 Police Deviance
Includes all activities inconsistent with the norms, values, or ethics.

Slippery Slope
Is a part of corruption continuum , wherein an honest police turns bad due to repeatedly
accepting free meals, free fare and similar insignificant acts of indiscretion which leads to
serious misbehavior and finally corruption

Types of Police Deviance

• Police corruption
• Police Gratuity
• Police Perjury
• Police Brutality
• Police Profanity
• Sex on Duty or Duty Related
• Sleep on Duty
• Drinking and Abusing Drugs On or Off Duty
• Misuse of Confidential Information

POLICE CORRUPTION
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF CORRUPTION ENGGAGE IN BY POLICE NEGOTIABLE
GRAFT
Mutual bargaining behavior engage in between officer and criminals
EXTORTION
Solicitation of money and favors by officers in return for ignoring violations of the law
ACCEPTANCE OF PETTY BRIBES
Situation is that of the motorists whose stop for traffic violation, the motorists offers an officer a
small bribe
MOONLIGHTING
Engaging in any business with or without compensation, which or incompatible with the PNP
duties and/or functions
OPRESSIONS
Imports an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution or excessive use of authority.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CORRUPT POLICE OFFICERS

1. Grass eaters (vegetarian cops)
police officers who are engage in minor type of corruption.
2. Meat eaters (carnivorous cops)
police officers who actively seek out corruption opportunities and
engaged in both minor and major patterns of corruption. 3. Straight shooter
are those honest policeman who are ready to cover and conceal corrupt practices of the police
department
4. Rouges
(hoodlums in uniforms or “Scalawags”)
Possess all the deviant behavior of a corrupt cop.

Police Gratuity
Gratuity is the receipt of free meals, services, or discounts.
Mooching
when there is an implied favor (a “wink and nod”) Chiseling
when the officer is quite blatant about demanding free service
Shopping
theft on items from stores while on patrol

Police Perjury
Leaving out certain pertinent pieces of information in order to fix a criminal prosecution.
Dropsy Evidence
Officer testifies untruthfully in court that he/she saw the offender drop some narcotics or
contraband
Testilying
lying in court

Police Brutality President’s Commission (1967)

used of excessive force, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule, and disrespect to people.
Kania and Mackey (1997)
excessive violence to an extreme degree which does not support legitimate police function
Screen Test
police jargon for sudden application of brakes on a police vehicle so that the handcuffed criminal
at the backseat will be thrown against the metal protective screen.

▪ When a citizen charge a police brutality, they may be referring to a number of things:
▪ Profane or abusive language
▪ Commands to move or go home
▪ Field stops and searches
▪ Threats of implied violence
▪ Prodding with a stick or approaching with a pistol ▪ Use of physical force

Police Profanity
Abusive language that are patently offensive.
Types of Profanity:
• religious connotations (hell, goddamn),
• indicating excretory functions (shit, piss)
• words connected with sexual functions (fuck)

Sex on Duty or Duty Related

Traffic Stops
to get a closer look at the female or information about her
Fox Hunting
Stopping college girls to get the “I’ll anything routine”
Voyeurism
Window peeping or interrupting lovers lane couple
Victim Re-contacts
Consoling victims who have psychological needs
Opposite Strip Searches
Touching or having sex with jail inmates
Sexual Shakedowns
Letting prostitutes go if they perform sexual acts
Sleeping on Duty Traveling Bedroom
Refers to a police car during night shift Hole/Coop
Area where the sleeping takes place
Gold Bricking

the avoidance of work performing only the amount minimally necessary to satisfy superiors.

Drinking and Abusing Drugs on Duty

Endless opportunity to drink and take drugs while on duty\
Misuse of Confidential Information
Involves the jeopardization of on going investigators by leaking information to friends, relatives,
the public, press, or in some cases, directly to criminal suspects or their members.

Community Relations
• Refers to various methods companies use to establish and maintain a mutually beneficial
relationship with the communities in which they operate
•The criminal justice system’s interaction with the people of the neighborhood or community
• Is sum to total of activities by which the criminal justice system (CJS) can become part of the
community it has been sworn to serve rather than being solely a punitive regulatory agency that
is imposed upon the public.
• Total effort of the CJS to become part of the community
• Implies that to reduce crime in a community, it is necessary for both the citizen components of
the CJS to cooperate and support one another.

POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
Section 2 of Republic Act No 6975 reads:
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to
promote peace and order, ensure public safety and further strengthen local government capability
aimed towards the effective delivery of the basic services to the citizenry through the
establishment of a highly efficient and competent police force that is national in scope and
civilian in character. Towards this end, the State shall bolster a system of coordination and
cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and the integrated law enforcement and public
safety agencies created under this Act.
Said provision was later amended by R.A. 8551, which reads:
Section 2. Declaration of Policy and Principles. — It is hereby declared the policy of the State to
establish a highly efficient and competent police force which is national in scope and civilian in
character administered and controlled by a national police commission.The Philippine National
Police (PNP) shall be a community and service-oriented agency responsible for the maintenance
of peace and order and public safety

PNP VISION
The Men and Women of the PNP is committed to a vision of a professional, dynamic and highly
motivated Philippine National Police working in partnership with a responsive community
towards the attainment of a safe place to live, work, invest and do business with.
PNP MISSION
To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to maintain peace and order and to ensure
public safety and internal security with the active support of the community.

Terms Related to Community Relations Police Community Relations

The sum total of the dealings between the police and the people it serves, and whose goodwill
and cooperation it craves, for the greatest possible efficiency in the service refers to the
reciprocal attitudes of the police and the community
Police Public Relations
The continuing process by which endeavors are made to obtain the goodwill and cooperation of
the public for effective enforcement of the law and accomplishment of the police purposes
Human Relations
Consist of the fundamental rules both moral and legal, which govern the relationship of men in
all aspects of life Most important element in community relations

Police Community Relations

2 Objectives of Police Organization Law enforcement

Expected to either make an arrest or act to prevent so as to prevent the violation from occurring
in the first place
Order Maintenance
Handling of disputes or behavior which threatens to produce disputes, among persons who dis
agree over what ought to be right or seemingly conduct or over the assignment of the blame for
what is agreed to be wrong or unseemly conduct.

THREE (3) ASPECTS OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

COMMUNITY SERVICE
activities that provide service to the community may be in the form of medical-dental mission,
sports clinic, feeding programs, seminars, etc
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
involvement of the community in the various social projects, particularly, in the area of crime
prevention awareness of the community of their role in crime prevention
PUBLIC RELATIONS
activities directed at creating and maintaining favorable impressions to the public projection of
the police public image to the people to gain their support and cooperation

4 Types of Police Community Relations

1. Public Information Program
Designed to bridge the communication gap between the police and the public
Forms of Media Used:
Personal Media
Consists of face-to-face communication, such as meetings, rallies, delivering speeches and
house-to-house visitation
Mass Media
Includes printed matter and audio-visual communications

2. Public Relations Program

• designed to maintain harmony and mutual support between the police and the community
• designed to “sell” the police to the public

3. Civic Action Program

• designed to maintain and encourage community development

4. Psychological Program
• designed to condition both friendly and hostile public, ensuring the facilitation of the
attainment of police objectives

4 Approaches of Police Community Relations

Externally-Oriented Approach
directed towards the general public or various enclaves within the society
Youth-Oriented Approach
directed the majority of police efforts towards the youth of the community
Service-Oriented Approach
emphasis is given to the alleviation of social problems as the basic objective of the program
Internally-Oriented Approach
essential characteristics is the realization that the officer on beat creates community relations
because “Every officer of the organization is a police-community relations officer

4 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

Community support must be maintained.

• Every police shall be worthy of high public trust by doing his
job and leaving nothing undone
•He shall make himself available and be willing to serve everyone

Community resentment must be avoided.

•Every police officer shall have in mind the interest of the public
• He shall develop friendly relations by his good conduct
•He shall avoid by any occasion to humiliate, embarrass, annoy or inconvenience anyone

Community goodwill must be developed.

• Police officer should be courteous, fair, and quick to assist individuals in the solution of their
problems

Community must be kept informed

• The people should inform the community of the regulations and policies of the police force and
the reasons of their adoption