HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 4 GEOGRAPHICAL

Architectural styles vary from island to island.

Each island has different architectural styles.
Manunggul Jar – most iconic and oldest
archaeological find in the Philippines. GEOLOGICAL

- It represents afterlife. Utilizes bamboo, thatch, coconut tree, bamboo

- It represents pre-colonial era, prior to slats, etc.
the arrival of the Spaniards.
We had gold, copper, and silver which is used for
Spanish Colonial Era – Catholicism jewelry, jars, and ornaments.

Capitol Theatre – it was demolished and became Examples:

a condominium. One of the lost marvels
Romblon Marble

Mother of Pearl – for ornamentation

CLIMATIC

Hot and dry

SOCIO-CULTURAL

Austronesian People

Our ancestors are related greatly from Indonesia,

Malaysia, Thailand, and other Pacific countries.

Mestizos are established in Spanish colonial era.

There are already mixed-race Filipinos prior to the
Representations of the Filipinas ^ arrival of the Spaniards.
Right – using a harp (represents music) We had trade partnerships in China.
Left – holding a theatre mask (represents acting) RELIGION
Built Heritage – represents the identity of the Animism
nation and its people.
Pagan
WW2 – a lot of nations was bombed. The
Philippines was one of the countries who got Primary God – Anito
damaged severely.
Some Filipinos already following the Hindu and
--------- Buddhist religion.
PRE-COLONIAL ERA Culture is already established in the Philippines.
INFLUENCES Butuan City is called City of Gold

PRE-COLONIAL STRUCTURES

Samal House – utilized by the Badjao tribe.

3 Types of Houses

1. Near shore – land structures

2. In water
3. Boat houses

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
Bulul – one of the most iconic artifacts prior to
the arrival of the Spaniards. Grass roots level structures
The smaller the structures the more practical it STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
is.
1. Haligi – main post (molave wood for
When you grouped together small structures, post)
they can protect their communities more.

WAY OF BUILDING HOUSES

1. Standards and Guidelines

2. Playing it by ear – building houses
without any specific guidelines (ex.
panday) This is the way of our ancestors
before. Torogan House
3. Focused in Tropical Architecture
Torogan’s post is made like that because of
earthquake and termites.
1. CAVE DWELLING 2. Flooring – ventilated using bamboo
slats.
Tabon Cave – dub as the cradle of Philippine’s
civilization. 7 MAJOR PARTS OF BAHAY KUBO
Lascaux Cave in France – was compared to 1. Hagdan – stairs
Tabon Cave 2. Silong – ground floor
3. Bulwagan – living area
2. TREE HOUSES
4. Batalan – washing area
Majority is located in Mindanao 5. Banguerahan – where washed dishes are
placed. Bamboo slates are used to dry
Protect themselves from wild animals the plates.
Protect themselves from other tribes 6. Sagang – railing
7. Silid – bedroom
3. LEAN-TO HOUSES
Bahay Kubo doesn’t have partitions.
Utilize lean-to house

Called “Windbreakers or Windshields”

OTHER TERMINOLOGIES FOR BAHAY KUBO
Majority are utilized by Negritos and Aetas
Bahay Kubo - Quintessential Filipino Structure
Transformed or evolved into Bahay na Bato
during Spanish Colonization.
Bahay Kubo = Payag
Balai = house + Cubo = cube
Cube House
1. Paglutuan/Gilir – separate structure in
the side of the bahay kubo to avoid fire.
It is where you prepare and cook food.
2. Dapogan – shoe-shaped stove (kalan)
3. Kamalig – separate storehouse for
unhulled rice. (palay)
4. Dulang – low table
5. Tampipi – woven trunks/closet
6. Sawali/Amakan – whoven bamboo strips

COMMON STANDARDS

1. It is elevated off ground 2.5m to 5m. 1st

floor is utilized as storage.
2. Built close to each other. Rare to see a
stand alone Bahay Kubo.
3. Roofing – gable (dos aguas), hip (quatro
aguas)