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TVL-AFA
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Quarter 4 – Module 3

Perform Plant Care and Management

NegOr_Q4_Organic Agriculture Prod11_Module3_v2

TVL-AFA- Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Perform Plant Care and Management
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Analiza L. Pampora
Editors: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Reviewers: Eva May L. Baguio
Typesetter: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Layout Artist: Analiza L. Pampora
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Joelyza M. Arcilla, Ed. D Maricel S. Rasid
Marcelo K. Palispis, Ed. D. Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D.
Antonio B. Baguio, Jr., Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for
you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge of lessons in
each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this
module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for a better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each
module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Organic Agriculture. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

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 What I Know

Pre-test:
Match Column A that corresponds to the words given on Column B. Write your
answer in your notebook.

A B

1. The richness of the soil in terms of organic A. Soil fertility

and inorganic plant foods which plants can use for
growth and production. B. Soil productivity

2. The ability to produce more than a sufficient C. Liming

quantity of crops.
D. Plant food
3. The application of calcium or magnesium-
containing compounds to the soil to neutralize E. Foliar application
acidity.
F. Broadcasting
4. The necessary materials from which a plant
can build new tissues and at the same time carry
on its normal functions.

5. The chemical is mixed with water and

sprayed into the foliage of the plants.

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 Lesson
Perform Plant Care and
1 Management
Inside this module are topics intended for your learning. Initiating the
application of organic fertilizer, practicing the methods of applying organic
fertilizer, and appreciating the importance of applying organic fertilizer on
plants for higher product yield and environmental sustainability. Prepare for fun-
filled learning ahead.

What’s In

Quick recall: Answer the following questions in your notebook.

1. What are the two methods of planting?

2. What are the important things to remember when transplanting?

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 What’s New

Try to look at the picture, what does it show?

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 What is It

Plant Food

Soil is only one of the many factors that contribute to high productivity.
Fortunately, it can be controlled by man. Maximum benefit from soil fertility
programs can be realized only if the other factors of plant growth are favorably
controlled.

A fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin

that is added to the soil to supply certain elements essential to plant growth.
Fertilizers are used to increase the growth rate, yield, and quality or nutritive
value of plants.

Plants have three sources from which they get their necessary nutrients:

1. Air. The air contains carbon dioxide (carbon combined with oxygen).
Carbon dioxide provides a source of carbon and oxygen for growing crops. In
turn, when plants’ residues decay, carbon dioxide is again released into the
air. The air around us is composed largely of nitrogen, a very inert gas.
Although nitrogen is needed in large amounts by plants, nitrogen from the air
cannot be used by the growing plant. Through legumes, the bacteria in their
nodules, which develop in their roots because of inoculation, can fix and
utilize nitrogen from the atmosphere.

2. Water. Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen; thus, it provides plants

with these elements.

3. Soil. All other plant food elements in the soil are therefore very important.

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The plant Food Elements
The primary plant food elements
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)

The secondary plant food elements

Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Sulfur (S)
Elements from air and water
Carbon (C0)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)

The Plant Food Elements and Their Functions

Nutrient Functions
Nitrogen *Gives dark green color to
plants.
*Promotes leaf, stem, fruit,
and seed growth.
*Improves the quality of leaf
crops.
*Facilitates rapid growth.
* Increases protein content of
food and leaf crops.
*Feeds soil microorganisms
during their decomposition of
low nitrogen organic
materials.
Phosphorus *Stimulates early root *Purplish leaves, stems, and
formation and growth.
*Gives rapid and vigorous *Slow growth and maturity.
start to plants.
*Hastens maturity.
*Stimulates blooming.
* Aids in seed formation.
*Gives plants hardiness.
Symptoms of Deficiency
*Sticky yellowish-green in
color.
*Distinctly slow and dwarfed
growth.
*Drying up or firing of leaves
from the bottom of the plants
proceeding upward.
branches.
*Small slender stalk in case of
corn.
* Lack of stooling in small
grains.
* Low yields of grain, fruit, and
seed.

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Potassium *Imparts vigor and disease
resistance to plants.
* Produces strong, stiff stalks,
thus reducing lodging.
*Increases plumpness of the
grains and seeds.
*Helps in the formation and
transfer of starch, sugar, and
oil.
*Imparts hardness to legumes
* Mottling, spotting, streaking,
or curling of leaves, starting
from the lower level.
*Scorched or burned margin of
the leaves.
*Drooping of the corn plant falls
before maturity due to poor root
development.

Kinds of Fertilizers

1. Organic fertilizers refer to any product in solid and liquid form, of the plant
(except by-products from petroleum industries) or animal origin that has
undergone substantial decomposition that can supply available nutrients to
plants with a total Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) of five (5)
to seven (7) percent. It is also composed of farm manures, compost, crop
residues, and other farm wastes which supply nutrients and improve soil
physical conditions. Organic fertilizers are added to the soil in large amounts
to meet the nutrient demands of crops. The use of organic fertilizers is a vital
component of integrated nutrient cycling systems.

2. Inorganic fertilizers usually result from chemical processes such as

sulfuric acid treatment or rock phosphate to produce superphosphate. It
consists of materials processed or transformed into a chemical material or
fertilizer.

Inorganic fertilizers are artificially prepared or those that may be obtained from
the market. Commercial fertilizers could be:

*Single element fertilizer which contains only one of the major fertilizer
elements. Examples: Ammonium sulfate, urea, superphosphate

*Incomplete fertilizer contains only two major elements like ammophos

(nitrogen and phosphorus).

*Complete fertilizers contain the three primary plant food elements:

nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

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Nutrient Content of Fertilizers
Fertilizers being sold in the market must carry a guarantee of the kind and
amount of nutrients they contain. The information is printed on the fertilizer
bags or packages. The guaranteed analysis of a fertilizer material expressed
in percent following the order: total N, citrate-soluble phosphoric acid (P2O5),
and water-soluble potash (K2O) is called fertilizer grade. Customarily, the P
and K contents are expressed as oxides of the elements. Thus, a fertilizer bag
with 14-14-14 analysis contains 14% total N, 14% citrate soluble P2O5, and
14% water-soluble K2O. The relative proportion of the fertilizer nutrients
present in fertilizer is expressed in terms of the fertilizer ratio such as 21-0-0
for ammonium sulfate, 45-0-0 for urea, and 14-14-14 for complete.

Methods of Fertilizer Application

As a rule, fertilizer material should be placed in the soil in such a way that
the plant can absorb it. This involves not only different zones of placement
but also the time concerning the age of the plant the fertilizer is to be applied.

1. Broadcasting – It is a method through which the fertilizer is applied over

the surface of the land. It may not be harrowed, plowed, or diked into the soil.
This method is usually practiced in rice fields, pastures, and lawns.
2. Side dressing – Fertilizer material is placed in or in between the rows of
crops like vegetables or corn or placed around the plant or trees. On row
crops, side dressing may be done simultaneously with cultivation. The
purpose of side dressing is to ensure the availability of plant food nutrients,
particularly nitrogen during the critical growth periods when plants are taking
up nutrients rapidly.
3. Band/ row/ or localized placements – Fertilizer material is applied in
bands to one or both sides of the seed or plant. On row crops, the fertilizer is
placed in bands or strips on one or both sides of the row, about 2 inches away
from and below the seeds.
4. Foliar application – The chemical is mixed with water and sprayed into
the foliage of the plants.
5. Applied with the seed – Fertilizer is broadcast together with the seeds or
the seeds are coated with fertilizer using an adhesive such as cellofas or gum
Arabic.
6. Fertigation – This involves dissolving the fertilizer materials in water and
then applying it with the use of a sprinkler.

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 What’s More

Advantages and disadvantages of organic and synthetic fertilizers (Cosico 2011)

Organic fertilizers Inorganic or chemical

fertilizers
ADVANTAGES ⚫ Triple action ⚫ High nutrient content
(physical, chemical,
⚫ High solubility
and biological)
results in quick
improvement of the
action and nutrient
soil properties
availability
⚫ Supplies a wider
diversity of plant
food.

⚫ Improves soil
structure, makes the
soil loose, well-
aerated, and well-
drained.

⚫ Stimulates the
activity of beneficial
soil organisms.

⚫ Improves soils’ ability

to hold nutrients.

⚫ Helps to release
nutrients tied up in
minerals and
insoluble compounds
in the soil.

⚫ Increase rates of soil

carbon sequestration
which helps mitigate
climate change
(Luske,2009)

⚫ Makes good use of

farm by-products and
biodegradable wastes
instead of these being
ugly dumps and

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 pollutants to the
environment

DISADVANTAGES ⚫ Low nutrient content ⚫ Quicker acidification

hence needs for big of soil by ammonia-
volumes to be based fertilizers
applied.
⚫ Needs more frequent
⚫ The slower release of application in sandy
nutrients. soil due to high
solubility and
⚫ Requires additional
leaching.
labor to prepare.
⚫ When applied in
excess causes nitrate
pollution of
groundwater and
eutrophication of
lakes, and other
bodies of water?

⚫ Constantly increasing
price

Source: Cosico (2011)

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 What I Have Learned

I have learned that Organic fertilizers are fertilizers from farm manure,
compost, crop residues, and other farm wastes which supply nutrients and
improve soil physical conditions while inorganic fertilizers are fertilizers that
derive from a chemical process such as sulfuric acid treatment and rock
phosphate to produce superphosphate.

Methods of applying fertilizer.

• Broadcasting – the fertilizer is applied over the surface of the land.

• Side dressing – Fertilizer material is placed in or in between the rows
of crops like vegetables or corn or placed around the plant or trees.
• Band/ row/ or localized placements – Fertilizer material is applied
in bands to one or both sides of the seed or plant.
• Foliar application – The chemical is mixed with water and sprayed
into the foliage of the plants.
• Applied with the seed – Fertilizer is broadcast together with the
seeds, or the seeds are coated with fertilizer using an adhesive
such as cellofas or gum Arabic.
• Fertigation – This involves dissolving the fertilizer materials in water
and then applying it with the use of a sprinkler.

What I Can Do

Using the indicators of nutrient deficiency in plants above, make a table

showing examples of plants based on the indicators. Follow this format below.
Give as many as you can. Use your notebook in this activity.
Nutrient Name of plants Symptoms of Deficiency

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 Rubrics in scoring

OUTSTANDING VERY SATISFACTORY DID NOT MEET

SATISFACTORY STANDARD
20 10
15
5

Listed 18-20 Enumerated 10-17 Enumerated 5-9 Enumerated 0-4

plants with with with with
complete corresponding corresponding corresponding
symptoms of symptoms of symptoms of symptoms of
deficiency deficiency deficiency deficiency

Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the correct answer in a separate
sheet and submit it to your teacher. Let us determine how much you already
know about the lesson.
1. Methods of applying fertilizer wherein are applied at the surface of the land.
a. Broadcasting
b. Band/row/localized placements
c. Foliar application
d. Fertigation
2. The chemical is mixed with water and sprayed into the foliage of the plant.
a. Applied with seed.
b. Foliar application
c. Broadcasting
d. Band/row/localized placement

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3. Farm manure, compost, crop residues, and other farm waste are an
example of .
a. Inorganic fertilizer
b. Organic fertilizer
c. Foliar fertilizer
d. All of the above
4. Sticky yellowish-green in color is an indication that a plant is deficient in
.
a. Phosphorus
b. Nitrogen
c. Potassium
d. All of the above
5. The scorched or burned margin of the leaves is an indication that
t h e plant is deficient of .
a. Potassium
b. Nitrogen
c. Phosphorus
All of the above

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Answer Key

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References
Competency-Based Learning Material for Third Year Horticulture NC II Pages 120-
122.

Curriculum Guide in Organic Agriculture page 9.

Images
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=application+of+organic+fertilizer&FORM
=HDRSC2

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=H8MkQyAe&id=
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=How+to+Make+Fertilizer+NPK&&view=d
etail&mid=2D13B8F9EB9D3F622A312D13B8F9EB9D3F622A31&&FORM=VRDG
AR

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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