FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE OUTCOME OF LABOUR

The presence of any of these factors may influence outcome of labour either positively or negatively.
These factors include:

 Powers
 Passenger
 Passage
 Maternal condition
 Midwife’s attitude

Powers

This includes the uterine contractions and secondary powers e.g. contraction of the diaphragm and
abdominal muscles. If the powers are normal and strong enough labour will be normal. If powers are
abnormal, too strong or too weak labour may be prolonged thus abnormal labour.

Passenger

This involves the fetus and placenta. If the baby is too big has malpresentration or Malposition labour
will be Abnormal. Baby with normal size, position and presentation labour will progress normally.

If placenta is deeply embedded into the deciduas separation will be delayed. This can cause retained
placenta, delayed third stage of labour or post partum haemorrhage.

Passage

The pelvis, cervix, uterus, vagina and perineum may affect outcome of labour. If the pelvis is inadequate
obstructed labour can occur. Abnormalities in the uterus may cause prolonged labour. Stenosis of the
cervix will cause delay in labour because it will not dilate. If the perineum is rigid second stage will be
prolonged.

Maternal condition

The mother must be healthy both physically and psychologically. Physical well being will help mother to
push the baby out without distress. Psychological well being will help the mother to bear and tolerate
the strain of labour.

Midwife’s attitude

The midwife must have a positive attitude and work hand in hand with the mother. Negative attitude of
midwife may make the mother resistant and will become uncooperative. Thus the baby may die during
delivery.