Environmental Management

System Standards

Dr. P. Venkateswara Rao

Professor
Water and Environment Division
Department of Civil Engineering
+91 9420161800
pvenku@nitw.ac.in
Environmental Management System
Standards

– Guideline to implement effective Environmental

management system,
– core element of EMS,
– EMS standard: ISO 14000,
– Its evolution,
– Principle and specification,
– Benefits of EMS.
– Planning and its implementation, Comparison of other
standards with ISO 14000.
Environmental Management System (EMS)

– EMS involves preparing a list of all environmental

legislation, making a register of all environmental
effects associated with the company’s activities,
setting targets (such as reducing waste production
by a quantifiable amount), keeping appropriate
records and undertaking regular reviews of the
system.
– The whole system, in essence, forms the basis for
sound environmental performance.
Environmental Management System (EMS)

– EMS represents a paradigm shift away from

traditional command and control regulations.
– EMS focuses on management practices to assess a
company's efficiency in meeting environmental
responsibilities.
– EMS serves as a foundation or template for
environmental performance.
EMS of an organisation is a system designed to:

– Meet the regulatory and legislative system requirements.

– Improve the control of the environmental impact.
– Provide confidence to the customers that the products and
services are manufactured with the aim of reducing the
negative impact on the environment.
– Suitably accommodate changing market trends and gain
competitive edge.
– Reduce the costs associated with environmental liabilities
and insurance.
– Gain public and media support.
Plan-Do-Check-Act model:
Plan-Do-Check-Act model:

– Most EMSs are built on the ‘plan-do-check-act’ model which leads to

continuous improvement based upon:
– Planning, including identifying environmental aspects
and establishing goals (plan).
– Implementing, including training and operational
controls (do).
– Checking, including monitoring and corrective action
(check).
– Reviewing, including progress reviews and acting to
incorporate required changes in the EMS (act).
Core elements of EMS

–Environmental policy
–Environment action plan
–Environment related organisational
structures
–Integration of environmental concerns
Environmental policy

– An environmental policy is usually published as a

written statement, expressing the commitment of the
senior management to improving appropriate
environmental performance.
– The policy statement should define the broad
environmental goals the organisation has decided to
achieve. e.g., to reduce emissions of pollutants by
95% within 5 years, to provide sewerage and
biological treatment of sludge for 60% of the
population within 3 years, etc.
Environment action plan

– It describes the measures the organisation will take over

the coming years.
– It essentially translates the environmental policies of the
organisation into objectives and targets and identifies
the activities to achieve them, defines responsibilities
and commits the necessary human and financial
resources for implementation.
– This includes committing the necessary funds and staff
to meet each goal and providing for monitoring and co-
ordination of the progress made towards achieving
policy goals.
Environment related organisational structures

– The structures establish assignments, delegate authority

and assign responsibility for actions. In case of
organisations with multiple sites, structures for the
organisation as a whole as well as for the separate
operating units are necessary.
– The senior staff member responsible for the
environment, typically, has a direct reporting
relationship to the head of the organisation.
– Individuals holding strategic or main environmental
responsibilities should be adequately supported with
human and financial resources.
Integration of environmental concerns

– The integration of environmental management into

regular operation means the establishment of
procedures for incorporating environmental measures
into other operational aspects such as the protection of
workers, purchasing, R&D, product development and
acquisitions, marketing, finance, etc.
– This encompasses the development of specific
environmental procedures, usually detailed in operating
manuals and other operating instructions describing
measures and actions to be taken.
Below figure gives a schematic representation of core elements:
Benefits of EMS

–Improved environmental performance.

–Prevention of pollution/resource conservation.
–New customers/markets.
–Increased efficiency/reduced costs.
–Enhanced employee morale.
–Enhanced image with public, regulators, lenders, investors.
–Employee awareness of environmental issues and
responsibilities.
Certification body assessments of EMS

–Based on the following conditions, certificates are issued:

–Non-conformities identified have been addressed and eliminated.

–The certification body has justified confidence that all provisions in
the EMS standard have been met.
–The principle of continuous improvement of environmental
performance is stated within a programme and is being adhered to
play in the EMS.
–All key staff have undergone a training need analysis and have
received training.
EMS Standards

–Management Systems standards are;

–BS5750/ ISO9000: Quality

–BS7750/ ISO14000: Environment

–BS8800/ OHSAS18000: Occupational health and

safety

–BS8888 : Technical product documentation

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

– ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies

from more than 145 countries, one from each country.
– ISO is a non-governmental organization established in 1947
and based in Geneva, Switzerland.
– Its mission is to promote the development of standardization
and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating
the international exchange of goods and services.
– ISO's work results in international agreements which are
published as International Standards and other types of ISO
documents.
ISO 14000 series

– BS 7750 Environmental Management Systems

(1992, updated in 1994).
– ISO 14000 series is modelled on BS7750 and
influenced by the Uruguay GATT negotiations and
Rio Environment Summit in 1992.
– The standard is a model for an environmental
management system consisting of several
guideline standards.
– One compliance standard: ISO 14001
Environmental Management Systems.
ISO 14000 series

– ISO 14001 is the standard that gives the

requirements for an environmental management
system.
– ISO 14001:2004 is the latest, improved version.
– It is the only standard in the ISO 14000 family that
can be used for certification.
– The ISO 14000 family includes 21 other standards
that can help an organization specific aspects such
as auditing, environmental labelling, life cycle
analysis…etc.
ISO 14000 series

– The ISO 14000 series standards are of two types:

– (i)Normative standards: These indicate the requirements
that must be met and can be audited for certification.
– (ii)Informative standards: These provide guidance and
the requirements need not be audited for certification.
– In the 14000 series of standards, ISO 14001, (i.e.,
Environmental Management Systems-specification with
guidance for use) is the only normative standard and all
other standards are informative standards intended to
support the implementation of EMS.
ISO 14000 series

– An organization may elect to comply with ISO 14001 as a:

– Model for an Environmental Management
System.
– Format against which to audit the EMS.
– Method of demonstrating the EMS compliance.
– Process for third party and/or customer
recognition.
– Public declaration of their EMS.
ISO 14000 series

– Registration to ISO 14001 should be considered when it:

– Is a customer or industry requirement.

– Complements market strategy.
– Is perceived as a valuable motivational factor.
ISO 14000 series

– benefits of implementation may include:

– Enhanced compliance to legislation.
– Facilitated financial and real estate transactions, where
environmental performance is a factor.
– Reduced costs associated with consumer audits.
– Ability to bid for contracts (protection or increase of market
share).
– Market forces (a real or perceived 'greening' of the
marketplace).
– Economic return from better efficiency of resource use.
– Increased ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
ISO 14001: the compliance standard

– Five elements:

– Environmental policy
– Planning
– Implementation and operation
– Checking and corrective action
– Management review
To Whom Do the Standards Apply?

– Large and Small Business & Industry

– Service Sectors (hospitals, hotels, etc.)
– City and County Government
– Applicable to all types of organizations, of all sizes
anywhere in the world.
Becoming ISO 14001 certified

– ISO 14001 is the only certification standard.

– Registration body examines EMS for conformity to the
ISO 14001 standard.
– Not a compliance audit, an EMS audit.
– Facility awarded registration.
– Does NOT mean that products are more
environmentally friendly.
– Does mean have a documented EMS that is fully
implemented and consistently followed.
Becoming ISO 14001 certified

– Non-conformities identified have been addressed and

eliminated.
– The certification body has justified confidence that all
provisions in the EMS standard have been met.
– The principle of continuous improvement of
environmental performance has been stated within an
environmental programme.
– All key staff (i.e., those involved in managing significant
effects) have undergone a training need analysis and have
received training.
Certification and registration

– Certification is known in some countries as

registration.
– It means that an independent, external body has
audited an organization's management system and
verified that it conforms to the requirements specified
in the standard (ISO 9001 or ISO 14001).
– ISO does not carry out certification and does not issue
or approve certificates.
Accreditation

– Accreditation is like certification of the certification body.

– It means the formal approval by a specialized body - an
accreditation body - that a certification body is competent
to carry out ISO 9001:2008 or ISO 14001:2004 certification
in specified business sectors.
– Certificates issued by accredited certification bodies - and
known as accredited certificates - may be perceived on the
market as having increased credibility.
– ISO does not carry out or approve accreditations.
Certification not a requirement

– Certification is not a requirement of ISO 9001 or ISO

14001.
– The organization can implement and benefit from an
ISO 9001 or ISO 14001 system without having it
certified.
– The organization can implement them for the internal
benefits without spending money on a certification
programme.
Certification is a business decision

– Certification is a decision to be taken for business reasons:

– If it is a contractual, regulatory, or market

requirement,
– If it meets customer preferences,
– If it is part of a risk management programme, or
– if it will motivate staff by setting a clear goal.
ISO does not certify

– ISO does not carry out ISO 9001 or ISO 14001

certification.
– ISO does not issue certificates.
– ISO does not accredit, approve or control the
certification bodies.
– ISO develops standards and guides to encourage good
practice in accreditation and certification.
ISO 14000 Registration

– Registration generally requires twelve to eighteen

months of effort depending on the complexity of the
organization and the existing systems.
– It will take at least the same time to develop and
implement an Environmental Management System
which compiles with ISO 14001 requirements.
Benefits of ISO 14001

– International, expert consensus on state-of-the-art

practices for quality and environmental management.
– Common language for dealing with customers and
suppliers worldwide.
– Increase efficiency and effectiveness.
– Model for continual improvement.
– Model for satisfying customers and other
stakeholders.
Benefits of ISO 14001

– Address environmental concerns of customers and

public, and comply with government regulations.
– Integrate with global economy.
– Sustainable business.
– Unifying base for industry sectors.
– Qualify suppliers for global supply chains.
– Technical support for regulations.
Benefits of ISO 14001

– Transfer of good practice to developing countries.

– Tools for new economic players.
– Regional integration.
– Facilitate rise of services.
– Build quality into products and services from design
onwards.
ISO 14000 – Set of standards

Standard Title : Description

– 14000 : Guide to Environmental Management
Principles, systems and Supporting Techniques.
– 14001 : Environmental Management Systems
specification with Guidance for Use.
– 14004 : Environmental Management Systems general
guidelines on principles, systems and supporting
techniques.
ISO 14000 – Set of standards

Standard Title : Description

– 14006 : Environmental Management Systems
guidelines for incorporating eco-design.
– 14010 : Guidelines for Environmental Auditing
General Principles of Environmental Auditing.
– 14011 : Guidelines for Environmental Auditing Audit
Procedures 1: Environmental Management Systems.
ISO 14000 – Set of standards

Standard Title : Description

– 14012 : Guidelines for Environmental Auditing
Qualification Criteria for Environmental Auditors.
– 14013 : Guidelines for Environmental Auditing Audit
Programmes, Reviews & Assessments.
– 14015 : Environmental Management environmental
assessment of sites and organisations.
– 14020/23 : Environmental Labeling.
ISO 14000 – Set of standards

Standard Title : Description

– 14024 : Environmental Labeling Practitioner Programs,
Guiding Principles, Practices and Certification Procedures of
Multiple Criteria Programs.
– 14031/32 : Guidelines on Environmental Performance
Evaluation.
– 14040/43 : Life Cycle Assessment General Principles and
Practices.
– 14050 : Glossary.
– 14060 : Guide for the Inclusion of Environmental Aspects in
Product Standards
OHSAS 18001 and its comparison with ISO
14001 and ISO 9001

– The (OHSAS) specification gives requirements for an

occupational health and safety (OH&S) management
system, to enable an organisation to control its OH&S
risks and improve its performance.
– It does not state specific OH&S performance criteria,
nor does it give detailed specifications for the design
of a management system.
OHSAS 18001 and its comparison with ISO
14001 and ISO 9001

– OHSAS 18001 has been developed to be compatible

with the ISO 9001 (Quality) and ISO 14001
(Environmental) management systems standards, in
order to facilitate the integration of quality,
environmental and occupational health and safety
management systems by organizations.
 ACTIVITY

– List the basic principles of ISO

standards.
– State the difference between ISO
14001 and other standards in ISO
14000 series of standards.