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5.3LawsofMatrixAlgebra-MathematicsLibreTexts 1708554879233
5.3LawsofMatrixAlgebra-MathematicsLibreTexts 1708554879233
5.3.2: Commentary
Example 5.3.1: More Precise Statement of One Law
If we wished to write out each of the above laws more completely, we would specify the orders of the matrices. For
example, Law 10 should read:
Remarks:
Notice the absence of the “law” AB = BA. Why?
Is it really necessary to have both a right (No. 11) and a left (No. 10) distributive law? Why?
5.3.3: Exercises
Exercise 5.3.1
Rewrite the above laws specifying as in Example 5.3.1 the orders of the matrices.
Answer
a. Let A and B be m by n matrices. Then A + B = B + A,
b. Let A, B, and C be m by n matrices. Then A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C.
c. Let A and B be m by n matrices, and let c ∈ R. Then c(A + B) = cA + cB,
d. Let A be an m by n matrix, and let c , c ∈ R. Then (c + c ) A = c A + c A.
1 2 1 2 1 2
f. Let 00 be the zero matrix, of size m by n, and let A be a matrix of size n by r. Then 00A = 00 = the m by r zero matrix.
g. Let A be an m by n matrix, and 0 = the number zero. Then 0A = 0 = the m by n zero matrix.
h. Let A be an m by n matrix, and let 00 be the m by n zero matrix. Then A + 00 = A.
i. Let A be an m by n matrix. Then A + (−1)A = 00, where 00 is the m by n zero matrix.
j. Let A, B, and C be m by n, n by r, and n by r matrices respectively. Then A(B + C) = AB + AC.
k. Let A, B, and C be m by n, r by m, and r by m matrices respectively. Then (B + C)A = BA + CA.
l. Let A, B, and C be m by n, n by r, and r by p matrices respectively. Then A(BC) = (AB)C.
m. Let A be an m by n matrix, I m the m by m identity matrix, and I the n by n identity matrix. Then I
n mA = AIn = A
−1
n. Let A be an n by n matrix. Then if A exists, (A ) = A. −1 −1
Exercise 5.3.2
Exercise 5.3.3
1 2 3 7 6 0 −2 4
Let A = ( ), B = ( ), and C = ( ). Compute the following as efficiently as possible by using
0 −1 2 −1 5 7 1 1
c. A(B + C)
−1
d. (A ) 2
e. (C + B) −1 −1
A
Answer
21 5 22
a. AB + AC = ( )
−9 0 −6
1 2
b. A −1
= ( ) = A
0 −1
Exercise 5.3.4
7 4 3 5
Let A = ( ) and B = ( ). Compute the following as efficiently as possible by using any of the Laws of Matrix
2 1 2 4
Algebra:
a. AB
b. A + B
c. A + AB + BA + B
2 2
d. B A
−1 −1
e. A + AB
2
Exercise 5.3.5
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