Curriculum development process in Pakistan Responsibilities Federal Ministry of Education is responsible in making of: • Curriculum • Syllabus • Planning • Policy • Education standards. National Bureau of Curriculum and Textbooks (NBCT) • Also known as curriculum wing. • Supervise curriculum and textbooks. • Approves and maintain curriculum standards from the primary to the higher secondary levels Provincial Curriculum Centre • Every province has a provincial curriculum Centre • To ensure provincial collaboration. • Involve in all activities falling within the purview of the federation. • Each Province has its own Provincial Textbook Board (PTTB) PTTBs are responsible for: • Preparing • Publishing • Stocking • Distributing • Marketing school textbooks Flow chart of Curriculum Development Process Provincial bureau of curriculum ↓ Formation of provincial curriculum ↓ Preparation of preliminary draft ↓ Federal curriculum wing ↓ Formation of national curriculum committee ↓ National curriculum draft
Curriculum Development in Pakistan
National Bureau of Curriculum and Textbook (NBCT) is also called curriculum wing. This wing is responsible to supervise the provincial curriculum bureau for their curriculum development and textbooks development by ensuring the quality and standardization in Pakistan. Cont…. Process of Curriculum Development: 1. Federal govt. sends its request about the educational policies and objectives to the Ministry of Education, Curriculum Wing. 2. Curriculum wing requests Provincial Curriculum Centers to prepare draft curriculum for each subject to be taught in different classes. 3. Provincial Center calls in committee of experts, teachers, subject specialists on each subject. 4. Provincial curriculum committee prepares curriculum plan/draft. 5. Curriculum plan is sent to Curriculum wing. Steps in Curriculum Development
• Developing Objectives (Objectives are framed on basis of education policy)
• Scheme of Study (It consider national education policy, market demand, and global issues). • Development of Syllabus (Syllabus is developed according to objectives) • Textbooks development (Provincial Textbook Board-PTTB develop it) • Review and Approval (National Review committee review books) • Publication and Distribution (After approval, books are published) • Teacher Training (Usually teacher guide is provided to teach the particular book and sometimes training is imparted for the teaching of book.) Composition of Provincial Level Curriculum Committee • Representatives of Provincial Curriculum Centers. • Supervisors • Teachers • Educational administrators (headmasters/principals) • Subject specialists • Representatives of the textbook boards • Representative of BISES • Teacher Trainers • • Provincial Textbook Board (PTTB): • Four PTTBs have been established one in each province. PTTBs are responsible for preparing, publishing, stocking, distribution and marketing school textbooks. PPTBS prepare books for the classes KG to Intermediate. • Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE): • BISE is responsible to conduct exams of Secondary (IX-X) and Higher Secondary (XI-XII) classes. BISEs have been established in each division. Problems of Curriculum Development in Pakistan • Teacher reluctant/resistant to accept the change • Lack of in-service training of teachers Political interference • Economic problems • Inadequate evaluation • Lack of commitment to National philosophy • Disapproval of the society • Lack of sequence • Curriculum is more urbanized (based on the needs of urban people) • Lack of teaching material