WEEK 6

Filipino Arts & Crafts

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO):
In order to achieve the outcomes of this course, learners will go through this
learning plan:

1. Understand and identify pre-colonial art forms of the Philippines and

famous indigenous musical instruments in the Philippines;
2. Reflect on the importance of Philippine handicrafts and recognize the
importance of the Philippine GAMABA Awards and its awardees; and,
3. Write an intensive reflection paper and answer an objective test.
Like in any other country, art
influenced the life of Filipinos and the
things that surround them.
Philippine art reflects a Filipino society
with diverse cultural influences and
traditions of the Malayan peoples such
as the Chinese and Indians.
Islamic traditions were introduced to
the Philippine Islands in the 14th
century.
Likewise, European and American art intensely influenced Filipino
artists.

By expressing the richness of the culture of the archipelago in all its

diversity, Filipino artists have helped in shaping a sense of national
identity.

Muslims and tribal groups maintained distinct traditions in dance,

music, and sculpture.
Indigenous art in the Philippines are labors of love and patience.
The intricate carvings on wood, metal, stone, or glass are products
of the skillful hands and imaginative minds of the different tribes of
the archipelago.
Indigenous musical instruments like flutes, drums, rainsticks, native
guitars, and bells are made of bamboo, animal skin, seeds, and
seashells.
The careful manipulation of these materials produces sounds and
unique instruments used mostly in tribal dances and rituals (Ramirez,
1999).
 Pre-Colonial Art Forms
in the Archipelago
The arts in the Philippine archipelago had its past and
continued to develop by numerous modern artists.

The following are some known artforms in the Philippines:

Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

AGUNG
It is a musical instrument of the
Kulintang ensemble which is played
by one or two persons depending
on its number.
By using a rubber-padded beater,
this instrument is performed on
both the boss/knob and the face
of the gong.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

BANOG-BANOG
It is a dance that portrays hunters shielding their chickens from a
famished hawk.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

BLIT B’LAAN
It is a courtship dance of the
B'laan of Davao del Sur
mimicking birds during mating
season.
The females scurry to safety,
burying their heads under their
wings (using the malong), but
the aggressive males follow
them wherever they go.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

CAÑAO
It is a ritual-dance performed
during native feasts or
celebrations in the highlands of
the Cordilleras in the Luzon area
of the Philippines.
It is a symbol of triumph or
expectation for abundant crops.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

GANGSA
It is an indigenous musical instrument of the Bontoc tribes of
Kalinga, Ifugao in the mountain regions (the Cordillera) of the
northern Philippines.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

INAMONG
It is an ethnic dance among
Tigwahanon Manobos in the
province of Bukidnon and
performed during their harvest
time.
This type of dance shows a
couple, with their bodies and
arms slightly bent forward,
mimicking the movement of a
pair of flirting among monkeys.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

KADAL IWAS
It is a dance performed by the
T-boli and Tausug tribes
respectively which mimic a
mealtime of monkeys in
removing nits and lice from each
other.
A variation of this dance is to
mimic a monkey who sits on an
anthill by mistake and is attacked
by angry ants all over his body.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

KASHAWING
It is a ritual among the Maranaos and is performed to ensure a good
harvest.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

KINABUA
It is a ritual dance among the
Mandaya tribes in Northern
Mindanao.
This type of dance portrays
the Hawks' use of sweet
songs to lure out the hen and
the chicks that are made into
a meal.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

MAN-MANOK
It is a dance performed in
Vigan, Ilocos Sur.
This type of dance mimics
fowls wherein tribal blankets
that represent the colorful
plumage of wild cocks are
shown off by the warriors who
intend on winning the attention
of the maiden hen.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

MAMAKAR
It is a Bontoc War Dance performed during the planting season and a
bountiful harvest.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

MAYVANUVANUA
It refers to a sacrificial rite
performed in the beginning
of the summer fishing
season among mataw
fishers in Batanes Island.
This type of dance is an
act of invitation to capture
the fish dorado
successfully.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

MUMBAKI
It is a local term which
refers to the “sayer of
prayers” among the
Ifugaos in Northern Luzon.
These prayers are
performed during funerals,
weddings, Thanksgiving,
and other celebrations.
This is offered to the
supreme deity, Maknongan.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

NGILIN
It is a cultural dance performed
among the Kalinga tribe during
marriage rituals and other
celebrations like the budong
(peace pact).
This type of dance is played to
simulate the romantic or
peaceful interactions of a
rooster and a hen.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

PAGDIWATA
It refers to a ritual performed
among the ethnic group in the
north and central Palawan.
The ceremony is held on
various occasions including
bountiful harvests and
weddings.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

PANGALAY
It is a native dance of the Badjao (also known as sea gypsies)
performed during weddings and other social gatherings.
This type of dance emphasizes the agility of the upper body wherein
the rhythmic bounce of the shoulder with the simultaneous alternating
waving of arms is the essential movement.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

SAMPAK
It is a war dance performed by the Mandaya tribe.
This type of dance requires excellent skill in the handling of a shield,
spear, and a sword.
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

SAUT
It is a ritual dance performed by
a male Talaandig tribe presenting
their expertise in style and arts in
fighting their opponent.
This ritual dance is also an
offering to their magbabaya
(god).
Pre-Colonial Art Forms in the Archipelago

TALIP
It is a courtship dance among
the Ifugao.
This is performed during the
celebration of the intaneg
(wedding).
In this dance, the man traps a
woman with an attractive
blanket to place on her
shapely shoulders.
Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments
in the Philippines
 AEROPHONES
Refers to any musical instrument which produces sound without the
use of strings or membranes. Examples of these are as follows:

Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines

 AEROPHONES
Baliing - Nose flutes of the Apayao
Bansik - Bamboo flute of the Negrito
Kaleleng - A long bamboo tube of the Bontoc
Bulungudyong - Vertical & long flute of the B'laan
Kalaleng - Bamboo flute of the Tinggian
Lantoy - Nose flute of the Mangyan
Palandag (Palendag) - Lip-valley flute of the Bagobo
Paldong and Tongali - Lip valley flutes of the Kalinga
Pulalo - Lip valley flute of the Mansaka
Sahunay - Pipe with reed (clarinet) of the Tausug

Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines

 CHORDOPHONES
It refers to any musical instrument which makes sound by way of
trembling strings stretched between two points. Examples of these
are as follows:

Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines

 CHORDOPHONES
Faglong - Two-stringed, lute-like instrument of the B'laan
Kolitong - Bamboo guitar of the Kalingga
Kudlong - Two stringed boat lute of the Bagobo
Kudyapi - Two stringed boat lute of the Maranao
Kulit-en - Guitar of the Tingguian
Pas-ing - Guitar of the Igorot
Serongagandi - a Decorated bamboo tube of the Maranao
Saludoy - Bamboo guitar of the T’boli

Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines

 IDIOPHONE
It refers to any musical instrument which produces sound primarily
by way of the instrument's vibrating, without the use of strings or
membranes.

Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines

 IDIOPHONE
Afiw - Jaw Harp of the Bontoc
Agung - Bossed gong of the Maranao
Balingbing - Bamboo buzzer of the Kalingga
Bangibang - Percussion bar of the Ifugao
Gabbang - Bamboo xylophone of the Tausug
Kinaban - Jaw Harp of the Hanunoo
Kubing - Jaw Harp of the Ata and Maranao
Kulintang - Metal xylophone of the Maranao
Kumbing - Jaw Harp of the Manobo
Palipal - Bamboo clapper of the Ifugao
Tagutok - Decorated bamboo scraper of the Maranao
Tanggunggu - Gong chime of the Kalagan, B'laan, Manuvu, Bagobo
Tongkaling - Pellet bells or crotal bells of the B’laan
Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines
 MEMBRANOPHONE
It refers to any musical instrument
which produces sound by way of a
vibrating stretched membrane. Most
membranophones are drums, such as:

Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines

 MEMBRANOPHONE

Dabakan - Glass shaped drum of the Maranao

Gandang - Double headed cylindrical drum of the Maranao
Libbit - Conical drum of the Ifugao (pictured, right)
Sulibao - Conical drum of the Ibaloi

Famous Indigenous Musical Instruments in the Philippines

Importance of
Philippine Artistic Handicrafts
The Philippines is abundant in natural resources that are
scattered throughout its islands.
Filipino artists use the parts of trees, plants, and other
natural resources as raw materials and turn them into
simple, yet useful tools or instruments.
This type of work is called Artistic Handicrafts (sometimes
called artisanry).
Although this type of art changes from time to time, it is still
imperative to be continued and is preserved due to the
following reasons:

It promotes our cultural legacy through the use of

indigenous materials.
It shows an individual's creativity and superior ingenuity.
It encourages producers to produce more raw materials.
It generates employment.
It develops values of perseverance and resilience.
Common Handicraft Materials
Every Filipino family owns handicraft products like baskets,
brooms, feather dusters, and other furniture.
Likewise, accessories like earrings, bracelets, necklaces, and
other clothing apparel made from native products such as
beads, shells, and seeds.
These are clear indications that our handicraft industry is
enjoying the patronage of Filipinos.
Filipino handicraft makers fashion them into accessories, bags, bamboo
sofa sets, baskets, cabinets, clothes, lamp shades, wall decor, and
others. The following are typical materials needed in the making of
Filipino handicrafts:
Abaca (Musa Textilis) - It is a tree-like herb resembling the
banana plant. It is durable and dyed in different colors.
Bamboo (Bambusa Spinosa) - It is for the furniture industry
because of its strength and durability. It is also valuable material for
basket and hat making.
Buri (Corypha Elata) - It is a palm from which three kinds of
fibers, namely buri, raffia, and until, are taken. It can be dyed merely
and woven into many shapes. The buri leaf is the most flexible
material used for making hats, boxes and other novelty items.
Caragumoy (Pandanus Simplex) - It is greenish grey as it dries
and is used traditionally in making bags, baskets, hats, and mats.
Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) - It is the most utilized palm in the
Philippines. Its coco midrib is used primarily as handicraft material
for the production of baskets, and brooms (tingting). The coco
shells are used for manufacturing articles such as buttons, coin
banks, lamp shades, pins, and others.
Kalas - It is a by-product of the buri palm. Locally, the term
"kalas" (which means “to loosen") refers to the loosened strands
of a buri rope.It creates an unusual, rustic pattern with distinct
characteristics from its original material when artistically woven.
Leather - It is a material created through the tanning of skins of
animals like carabaos, horses, snakes, alligators, goats, lizards, and
others.
Pandan-Dagat (Pandanus Tectorius) - It is a variety of screw
pine abundantly distributed along sandy beaches and coastal
brushes in the Philippines.
Rattan (Calamus Maximus) - It is the most flexible material used
in the manufacturing industry and has been known to extend up
to hundreds of meters long.
Seagrass (Rhynchospora Corymbosa) - It is a type of grass in
shallow salty and brackish waters. The stems are distinctly
triangular, and the leaves are broad and long.
Traditional Handiwork in the Philippines

The following are some

handicrafts in the different
regions of the Philippines:
 1. Jewelry (Central Luzon, Southern Luzon, and Mindanao Regions).
These handicraft are mostly from the Central Luzon region, mainly from
the province of Bulacan. You can also find these from Mindanao regions,
but down south, you can even get powerful brass amulets and other
accessories.
2. Metal Craft (Southern Luzon and Mindanao Regions). These types
of handicraft are from the Southern Luzon region, particularly in the
province of Batangas. A very popular metal craft which is locally and
internationally known as a portable knife is called balisong. Traditional
weapons made from brass, bronze, and gold, are also abundant in the
island of Mindanao.
3. Pots and Jars (Ilocos Region). The pots and jars known as burnay
can be found explicitly in the province of Ilocos Sur. These creations are
made from Grade A clay through a method that has been practiced by
locals since the pre-colonial times.
4. Woven fabrics (Mindanao Regions). These fabrics are woven
traditionally by interlacing threads using a manual machine called a loom.
One of the most common products in this region is called malong,
which is historically used as a skirt and sometimes as a blanket.
5. Wood Carvings (Cordillera and Southern Luzon Regions). Fantastic
wood carvings are produced by the Ifugao in the northern region of the
Cordilleras. Often, these wood carvings depict their indigenous gods.
Excellent kitchenware like wooden bowls and utensils are also found in
this region.
Philippine GAMABA Awards
Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan or
GAMABA is an award that recognizes folk
and indigenous artists who remain loyal to
their traditions. This award is managed by
the National Commission for Culture and
the Arts (NCCA) through the Gawad ng
Bayan Committee. It began as a project of
the Philippine Rotary Club Makati-Ayala,
but was adopted by the Philippine
government in 1992, and became an
institution through a Republic Act 7335.
Philippine GAMABA Awards
This award aims to support and motivate artists to
preserve their artistic heritage for the present and future
generations. These artists are recognized as the country’s
intangible National Living Treasure.
To become a National Living Treasure, the candidate must
have the following qualifications:
 Philippine GAMABA Awards

1. Must be an occupant of an indigenous or traditional cultural community

anywhere in the Philippines that has preserved native customs, beliefs, rituals, and
traditions, and has syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it.
2. Must have been involved in a folk art tradition that has been in existence and
documented for at least 50 years.
3. Must have consistently performed or produced, over a significant period, works
of superior and distinctive quality.
4. Must acquire a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have
an established reputation in the art as master and maker of works of extraordinary
technical quality.
5. Must pass on and will pass on to other members of the community their talents
in the folk art for which their group is traditionally known.
 GAMABA
AWARDEES & NOMINEES
 GAMABA Awardees & Nominees
1. Ginaw Bilog (1993). A native of Oriental Mindoro who faithfully
helps preserve the Hanunuo Mangyan script and their Ambahan
poetry.
2. Masino Intaray (1993). A native of Palawan who has exemplarily
shared his skills in basal or gong music ensemble. He is a musician
and epic chanter (Kulilal and Bagit).
3. Samaon Sulaiman (1993). A Maguindanaoan from the municipality
of Mamasapano who showed outstanding artistry and dedication to
his chosen instrument, the Magindanao kutyapi.
4. Lang Dulay (1998). A T'boli from Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, is
known for her skills in weaving the abaca ikat cloth known as t'nalak.
5. Salinta Monon (1998). A Tagabawa-Bagobo of Bansalan, Davao
del Sur known for fully demonstrating her creative and expressive
aspects of the Bagobo abaca ikat weaving called inabal.
 GAMABA Awardees & Nominees
6. Alonzo Saclag (2000). A Kalinga from the municipality of Lubuagan
known for his mastery of the Kalinga dance and the performing arts.
7. Frederico Caballero (2000). A Panay-Bukidnon of Calinog, lloilo
known for his mastery of chanting the epic tradition of Central Panay,
the Sugidanon.
8. Uwang Ahadas (2000). A Yakan of Lamitan, Basilan known for his
dexterity in playing Yakan musical instruments such as the agung,
gabbang, tuntungan, and kwintangan.
9. Darhata Sawabi (2005). A weaver from Parang, Sulu Province
known for helping preserve the art of Pissyabit weaving.
10. Eduardo Mutuc (2005). A Kapampangan from Central Luzon
known for reviving the metal or smithcraft of plateria practice from the
Spanish colonial era.
11. Haja Amina Appi (2005). A Sama of Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi,
known for sharing her skills in mat weaving among the Sama
indigenous community.
 GAMABA Awardees & Nominees

12. Teofilo Garcia (2012). A casque maker of San Quintin, Abra,

known for his skill making Tabungaw.
13. Magdalena Gamayo (2012). A master weaver of Pinili, Ilocos
Norte known for his skill in weaving inabel.
14. Yabing Masalon Dulo (2016). A master weaver of Polomolok,
South Cotabato known for his contribution in Ikat weaving.
15. Ambalang Ausalin (2016). A Yakan master weaver of Lamitan,
Basilan known for tennun weaving.
16. Estelita Tumandan Bantilan (2016). A B’laan master weaver of
Malapatan, Sarangani known for preserving igem weaving.
17. Whang-od Oggay (Nominated, 2017). A traditional tattoo artist
(mambabatok) of Buscalan, Tinglayan, Kalinga.
 Other Famous Filipino Artists and their Artwork

1. Ang Kiukok (Painting: The Crucifixion) National Artist for Visual

Arts (2001)
2. Diosdado Lorenzo (Painting: Still Life Paintings)
3. Fernando Cueto Amorsolo (Painting: Portrait of Presidents -
Quezon, Roxas and Osmeña; Maiden in a Stream, Dalagang Bukid,
Planting Rice) National Artist for Visual Arts (1969)
4. Guillermo Tolentino (Sculpture: Oblation and the Bonifacio
Monument) National Artist for Visual Arts (1973)
5. Hernando Ocampo (Painting: The Contrast) National Artist for
Visual Arts (1991).
 Other Famous Filipino Artists and their Artwork

6. Juan Luna (Painting: Spoliarium)

7. Napoleon Abueva (Sculpture: Allegorical Harpoon) National Artist
for Visual Arts 1976)
8. Solomon Saprid (Sculpture: Tikbalang)
9. Victorio Edades (Painting: The Builders) National Artist for Visual
Arts (1976)
10. Vicente Rivera (Painting: Supplication)
 A Palay Maiden Bonifacio Monument Harvest The Transfiguration
By Fernando Amorsolo By Guilermo Tolentino By Ang Kiukok By Napoleon Avueva
 Summary
We learned about Filipino indigenous artists expressing their culture,
identity, and connection to their land and community through their
art.
The visual arts sector provides cultural maintenance, promotion, and
handing down of traditional culture.
Along with this comes the reinforcement of cultural obligations such
as honoring of traditional cultural styles.
We can conclude that indigenous art is perhaps the prime
contemporary medium for Filipino students to explore, document,
and share often profound cultural knowledge (of creation, provinces
and family) and as such, offers not just reinforcement of that
knowledge but also a very significant guard against its loss through
non-transmission to younger generations.
Thank
You!