Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ALLLLLERGY
ALLLLLERGY
Atopy
It refers to the genetic tendency to develop allergic
diseases
Why Allergy Is Important?
Allergy affects approximately 15-30% of the
general population around the world, most of
which are children.
• Types of CD4+:
T helper 1 (TH1)
- Secretes IL-2, TNF-b, and interferon-g (IFN-g).
- Antagonize the allergic response.
T helper 2 (TH2):
- Produces IL-4, IL-5, IL-6,IL-9,IL-10, and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13
play the
main role in allergic response.
1) Primary Exposure
Allergic rhinitis
Atopic dermatitis
Urticaria and Angioedema
Insect bites
Food allergy
Anaphylaxis
Allergic Rhinitis
House dust
Mite
Animal dander
Smoke
Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis
• Pruritus, rhinorrhea
• Postnasal drip.
• Nose
– Septal deviation, polyps, drainage, turbinate hypertrophy,
hyponasality
• Mouth
– Cobblestoning of oropharynx
•Chest
– wheezing
• Skin
Classification Of Allergic Rhinitis
• Learning problems
Sharply localized
edema or wheal within
seconds to minutes
after the skin has
been rubbed
4.Systemic reactions
are identical to anaphylaxis from other triggers and
may includes symptoms of:
i. Generalized urticaria
ii .Laryngeal edema
iii. Bronchospasm
iv. Hypotension
5. Toxic reactions
Stings from a large number of insects at once may
result
in toxic reactions of :
i. Fever ii. Malaise iii. Emesis iv. Nausea
6.Delayed/Late reactions
i. Serum sickness
ii. Nephrotic syndrome
iii. Vasculitis
iv. Neuritis
v. Encephalopathy
Diagnosis
Generally evident from:
i. History of exposure
ii. Typical symptoms
iii. Physical findings
The primary reasons to pursue skin prick testing
are to confirm reactivity when:
Aspirin
Penicillin
Phenytoin
Sulfasalazine
Acneform eruptions :
Corticosteroids
Iodides
Isoniazid
Fixed Drug Eruption
Patients may complain of burning in the affected area
before the appearance of lesions but systemic
symptoms are usually absent.
The period required for sensitization
ranges from weeks to years and
the time between drug administration
& eruption can be anything from a
day or two to a few weeks.
Peanuts
Sea food
Cow’s milk
Egg
Wheat
Soy products
Fruits
Clinical features
Gastrointestinal :