UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)

City of Iriga

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Asynchronous Activity in MAEd Science

Name: JAY-R N. PALLEGA Score: __________

Date: May 18, 2023

“Quantum Entanglement Enables Storage and Retrieval of Photonic Qubits using

Rare-Earth Ions.”
- An analysis on the research demonstrating the potential of using rare-
earth ions in storing and retrieving quantum information and its
significant implications for the development of quantum computing
technologies.

Tasks:

1. Write a summary of the breakthrough research in layman’s terms. What was the
main objective of the research? What are the key findings?

❖ The research highlights the importance of investigating and verifying the

connections between the foundations of quantum mechanics and general
relativity that requires extremely sensitive quantum experiments specially in
the usage of rare-earth ions in storing and retrieving photonic qubits. In
order to provide ultimate insight into this area of physics, experiments in
space becomes a necessity. Quantum technologies, quantum memories in
particular, are providing novel approaches to reach conclusive experimental
results due to their advanced state of development backed by decades of
progress. Storing quantum states for prolonged time will make it possible
promote the case of exploiting quantum memories for fundamental physics in
space, and discuss both distinct experiments as well as potential quantum
memory platforms and their performance.

2. Identify the potential applications of the research. How can the research impact our
daily lives? What industries can benefit from this breakthrough? Critically analyze
the research methodology used. What are the strengths and limitations of the study?
 Answer is cited from the related study of quantum entanglement in storing and
retrieving photonic qubits:
❖ Quantum technologies are currently expanding into viable public and
commercial applications as well as extending their capabilities for use in
engineering and applied science. There is increasing interest to deploy such
technologies in space to advance secure quantum communication, assist
distributed quantum computation, improve sensing, and run experimental
tests of fundamental physics. Operation of complex quantum systems in
space has already been successfully demonstrated by the Cold Atom
Laboratory and MAIUS missions, operating Bose–Einstein condensates
(BECs) in space. The upcoming project BECCAL will build on this heritage
and perform a multitude of new experiments, among them the operation of a
quantum memory in space. Since quantum memories are an important
component for future quantum communication systems, insights from this
mission will inform further development of space-ready hardware for global
quantum networks.
❖ In general, quantum memories allow to store a given quantum state, such as
the state of a single photon, for a specific amount of time until retrieval
occurs at a later point in time. The key aspect here is that this process of
storage and retrieval conserves all previously established quantum properties
such as entanglement and quantum coherence.
❖ In this way, quantum memories are able to play a key role in greatly
enhancing many scientific and technological applications, such as quantum
state teleportation and long-range Bell tests and aiding the design of new
quantum tests of general relativity.

3. Discuss the implications of the research for future studies. What are the potential
areas for further investigations?

Answers are cited from the related studies on Quantum Entanglement Enables
Storage and Retrieval of Photonic Qubits using Rare-Earth Ions:
❖ Ensembles of rare-earth ions doped in crystals exhibit outstanding quantum
coherence properties and large inhomogeneous linewidths that are suitable
for quantum information transfer with broadband photons in high-speed
optical quantum communication networks. They are used in state-of-the-art
optical quantum memories with potential for microwave storage and are
promising candidates for optical-to-microwave quantum transduction. One
major challenge towards broadband quantum interfaces based on solid-state
emitters is that information stored in the collective excitation of the ensemble
quickly decoheres due to inhomogeneous broadening. To restore the optical
coherence, protocols based on spectral hole burning techniques like atomic
frequency comb (AFC)7,8 and controlled reversible inhomogeneous
 broadening9 have been perfected. Although effective, these protocols involve
long (hundreds of milliseconds) and complex preparation procedures that
generally limit the interface bandwidth. Recently, it was proposed that
ensemble decoherence can be suppressed via strong coupling to a cavity. This
phenomenon, called cavity protection, has been experimentally observed,
though not in full effect, in the microwave domain with a nitrogen vacancy
spin ensemble. Prior experiments reported polariton linewidth narrowing in
the quantum well structure, but it is not yet conclusive that those effects
were results of cavity protection.

❖ As an emerging solid-state platform, rare-earth-ion doped solids have enabled

optical quantum storage with remarkable performances. Moreover, the rare-
earth-ion doped crystal is currently the only candidate for a transportable
photonic quantum memory, due to its hours-long optical storage times.
Despite these remarkable achievements, rare-earth-ion doped crystals
typically have birefringence and anisotropic absorption which make the
storage of polarization-qubits become a great challenge.
4. Compare and contrast this breakthrough research with other related research in the
field. How does it contribute to the existing knowledge on the topic?

❖ Based from the readings that I’ve done, related studies on Quantum
Entanglement Enables Storage and Retrieval of Photonic Qubits using Rare-
Earth Ions purely focuses on the use of rare-earth to cut down on the time
and computing power to process information transfer between qubits.
Entanglement enables tasks such as quantum cryptography, super dense
coding, and teleportation. With the existing related studies on quantum
entanglement, it will allow the researchers to explore more on the
capabilities of rare-earth ions in storing and retrieving photonic qubits.
❖ It offers unique insights into the fundamental principles of our physical world
and it provides at the same time the basis of novel communication protocols,
which allow efficient communication and computation beyond the capabilities
of their classical counterparts.