Parts and Functions of the Cell

Mr. Rommell B. Gutoman

Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Nucleus
• Control center of the cell
• Directs all the actions of the cell
• Contains the cell’s genetic
material
• It has chromosome and DNA.
Nucleolus

• Participates in assembling
ribosomes, alteration of
tRNA and sensing cellular
stress
• Composed of RNA and
proteins
• Made of proteins, RNA and
DNA
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Can be smooth or rough (with
ribosomes)
• Involves in synthesis, folding,
modification, and transport
of proteins
Ribosomes

• Site of protein synthesis

• Proteins are used in repairing
damage and directing chemical
processes in the cell
• rRNA – ribosomal RNA (forms
the core of a cell’s ribosomes)
• mRNA – messenger RNA
(carries the
message/instruction from the
DNA)
• tRNA – transfer RNA (decodes
mRNA sequence into a protein)
Golgi Apparatus

• Also known as golgi complex or golgi

bodies
• Receives proteins and lipids (fats) from
rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Helps process and package proteins and
lipid molecules
Mitochondrion

• Power house of the cell

• Responsible for cellular
respiration and production
of ATP (adenosine
triphosphate)
Cell Membrane
• Also called plasma membrane
• Separates the interior of the cell
and the outside environment
• Consists of lipid bilayer that is semi
permeable
• Regulates the transport of
materials entering and exiting the
cell
 Vacuole
Serves as storage, excretion and
expulsion of water and waste materials
Cytoplasm

• Composed of water, salts and

proteins
• Gel-like substance that holds
the organelles in place
Lysosome
• Suicidal bag of the cell
• Contains digestive enzymes
that digest cells and
unwanted materials
• Breaks down excess or worn-
out cell parts
• Destroys invading viruses and
bacteria
Centrioles (animals and lower plants)

• Play a role in organizing

microtubules that serve as
cell’s skeletal system
Chloroplast (plants)

• Contains the green pigment chlorophyll

that traps sunlight
• Site of photosynthesis
Plasmodesma

• Microscopic channels which

traverse the cell walls of plant
cells
• It enables transport and
communication within the cells
Capsule
(bacteria)
• Protects bacteria from
ingestion and destruction of
white blood cells
Pili
• Involved in the initial
adhesion of bacteria on its
host tissue
 Enables movement and

Flagella chemotaxis (migration of

cells in response to
concentration gradient)