CLIMATE CHANGE ACT OF 2009
Earths atmosphere
Also known as R.A. 9729
An act mainstreaming climate change into government
policy formulations, establishing the frameworks
strategy and program on climate change, creating for this
purpose the climate change commission, and for other
purposes.
Republic Act No. 9729: Climate Change Act of 2009
The Climate Change Act created the Climate Change
Commission under the Office of the President.
The commission, headed by the President, is in charge of
programs to cut down carbon emissions and lessen the
impact of climate change.
The Climate Change Commission is assisted by an
advisory board of government officials, academics,
businessmen, and non-government organizations
WEATHER is what’s happening outside your window
right now.
 Short term
 Limited Area
 Can Change Rapidly
 Difficult to predict
CLIMATE is the average of many years of weather
observation.
 Long term
 Wide area
 Seasonal changes
 Measured over long spans of time
Planets with very little greenhouse effect are either
very cold Or they have huge temperature swing from
day to night.
Pluto’s average temperature is 370 F
Mars there is about 300 degree F difference between
high and low temperatures
Planets with abundant greenhouse gases are very hot
Venus is about 855 degree F
A number of greenhouse gases occur naturally in the
Water vapor
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
With no greenhouse gases at all In its atmosphere,
scientist estimate that earth’s average atmospheric
temperature would be about 18* C, or about 0* F
The greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere is being
altered by human activity. The result of this change is
global warming.
Climate change is having serious impacts in the
Philippines such as
increased frequency
severity of natural disaster
sea level rise
extreme rainfall
resource shortages
environmental degradation
Sea level rise poses a serious threat to coastal life around
the world. Consequences include increased intensity of
storm surges, flooding, and damage to coastal areas. In
many cases, this is where large population centers are
located, in addition to fragile wildlife habitats.
When sea levels rise even 50cm, sea turtles will lose
their nesting grounds and this can mean extinction. This
is especially true for migratory wildlife and plants
including mangroves, seagrass and coral. There is
already a reduction in the population of fish. There are
severe weather changes including storms, flooding,
droughts and more. Don’t forget our health – air
pollution causes major health issues to humans, flora,
fauna and animals.
As we know, the planet’s ecosystem is extremely fragile
and complex. Everything is interconnected to each
other and a small lapse in the ecosystem can cause
disasters. Each year, we are noticing gradual changes
that are cause for worry – birds are laying their eggs
earlier each year, flowers are blooming earlier and
animals who are hibernating, wake up earlier.
Allergies increase and many more people start having Methane is released by coal mining, landfills, and by
respiratory issues. Rising temperatures can mean the agriculture, particularly through the digestive processes
increase of cardiovascular diseases and kidney disease. of beef and milk cows.
Our water sources are threatened.
The beef and dairy cattle industry is one of the main
Effect of Climate Change on Migration contributors to global greenhouse gases.
One of the major effects of climate change is the loss of Cows generate methane in two ways; through digestion
habitats and through their waste products. Cows actually burp out
methane as their complex ruminant digestive system
The habitats migratory birds depend on are in danger to
break down the plant materials as explain by DR.SARA
change and to disappear due to increasing temperatures,
PLACE ,an animal scientist with the National
flooding or desertification.
Cattlemens Beef Association.
Coastal wetland areas that migrant birds use for nesting
Nitrous Oxide is produced by cars, by fossil fuels used
and foraging are an example.
for heat and electricity, and by agriculture.
Glaciers are melting away worldwide
Agassiz Glacier, Montana 1913-2005
Pasterze Glacier Austria 1875-2004
Glacier is a huge mass of ice formed by the
accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains
that moves slowly over land.It is often called “rivers of
ice”.
Animals, Plants and Habitats at Risk

 Polar Regions
Glaciers and ice shelves are melting.
Sea level will rise and many land areas may be under
water.
Rising seas could contaminate water supplies with salt
Warmer temperatures could widen the range of disease-
carrying rodents and bugs
Many species of wildlife may go extinct.
Carbon Dioxide
In the distant past, the earth was much warmer. High
level of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere fueled lush
growth, some of which was stored in the form of fossil
fuels.
Carbon Dioxide in earth atmosphere has risen by about
30% since the beginning of the industrial revolution.
Most of the increase is due to the combustion of fossil
fuels, which releases the long-stored CO2 back into the
atmosphere

1. Shop eco-friendly with reusable bags.
2.Ditch disposables in the kitchen.
3. Say so long to single serve – bulk up instead.
4. Say no to disposable water bottles and coffee
cups.
5. Reduce food waste. Composting transforms
organic waste into nutrient-rich soil.
6. Join buy-and-sell groups.
7. Try a new way to buy (and sell) clothes.
8.Find a new home for old furniture.
9.Dispose of e-waste responsibly.
10.Choose paperless billing.
R.A. 8749
Known as the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
An act providing for a comprehensive air pollution
control policy and for other purposes.
Contains 7 chapters and 56 sections
Approved on June 23, 1999
As the country's foremost advocate for the environment
and climate change, Legarda authored and supported the
passage of laws, such as the Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA
8749), Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
Republic Act No. 9003
The Department of Environment shall be designated as
the primary agency for implementing and enforcing the
Air Quality Act.
The State shall promote and protect the global
environment to attain sustainable development while
recognizing the primary responsibility of local
government units to deal with environmental problems.
The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning
the habitat and environment is primarily area-based.
The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters
must pay."
Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy
environment is for the good of all and should therefore
be the concern of all.
a) The right to breathe clean air;
(b) The right to utilize and enjoy all natural resources
according to the principle of sustainable development;
(c) The right to participate in the formulation, planning,
implementation and monitoring of environmental
policies and programs and in the decision-making
process;
(d) The right to participate in the decision-making
process concerning development policies, plans and
programs, projects or activities that may have adverse
impact on the environment and public health;
(e) The right to be informed of the nature and extent of
the potential hazard of any activity, undertaking or
project and to be served timely notice of any significant
rise in the level of pollution and the accidental or
deliberate release into the atmosphere of harmful or
hazardous substances;
(f) The right of access to public records which a citizen
may need to exercise his or her rights effectively under
this Act;
The State shall protect and advance the right of the
people to a balanced and healthy ecology in accord with
the rhythm and harmony of nature.
An airshed is the volume over an area of land in which
airborne chemicals travel to reach a particular river, lake,
bay, or other body of water given the area of the land
surface.
What is the main cause of air pollution in the
Philippines?
AirPollution
For the most part, air pollution in the Philippines stems
from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil.
Considering that 53% of the population is without access
to clean fuels and technology for cooking, this is bound
to further exacerbate air quality in the long run.
Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and
animals. These fuels are found in Earth's crust and
contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for
energy. Coal, oil, and natural gas are examples of fossil
fuels.
Over millions of years, heat and pressure from Earth's
crust decomposed these organisms into one of the three
main kinds of fuel: oil (also called petroleum), natural
gas, or coal. These fuels are called fossil fuels, since they
are formed from the remains of dead animals and plants.
An airshed is a geographical area where local
topography and meteorology limit the dispersion of
pollutants away from the area.
How do airsheds work?
An airshed is generally described as an area where the
movement of air, and air pollutants, can be hindered by
local geographical features such as mountains, and by
weather conditions.
The Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999 outlines the
government's measures to reduce air pollution and
incorporate environmental protection into its
development plans.
How bad is air pollution in the Philippines?
In 2020 the Philippines also ranked fifth, just below
Thailand, among Southeast Asian nations with the
poorest air quality.
Air pollution can directly contaminate the surface of
bodies of water and soil. This can kill crops or reduce
their yield. It can kill young trees and other plants.
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide particles in the air, can
create acid rain when they mix with water and oxygen in
the atmosphere.
Topology refers to the spatial relationships and
connectivity between geographic features. It defines how
features are related to each other in terms of adjacency,
containment, and connectivity.
Topography is the study and description of the physical
features of an area, for example its hills, valleys, or
rivers, or the representation of these features on maps.
Metereology- the climate and weather of a region. (the
study of things high in the air.)
The designation of the Makiling-Banahaw airshed brings
to 18 the number of airsheds nationwide, including five
geothermal airsheds.
The airsheds are in Metro Manila and parts of Regions 3
and 4-A; Baguio-La Trinidad-Itogon-Sabang-Tuba
(BLIST) in the Cordillera Administrative Region;
Northeastern Pangasinan in Region 1
Metro Tuguegarao in Region 2
Baco-Naujan-Calapan in Region 4-B
Naga City in Region 5
Metropolitan Iloilo in Region 6
Metro in Region 7
Zamboanga in Region 9
Cagayan de Oro in Region 10
Davao City in Region 11;
and Agusan del Norte in the Caraga region.
The four other geothermal airsheds are those in
Bacon-Manito (Region 5),
Southern Negros (Region 7),
Leyte (Region 8), and
North Cotabato (Region 12).
REGION R03
AIRSHED AREAS COVERED BULACAN -
PAMPANGA - BATAAN AIRSHED Apalit, San
Simon, Minalin, Sasmoan, Guagua, Lubao,
Floridablanca, San Fernando City, Macabebe, Masantol,
Sta.Rita, Bacolor, San Luis, Mexico, Sta. Ana, Candaba,
Arayat, Magalang, Angeles City, Balibago, Mabalacat,
Clark Special Economic Zone
As of 2018, there is a total of 22 airsheds in the
Philippines, five of which are geothermal airsheds which
are specially designated due to the presence of a
geothermal plant in the area. For each of the airsheds
officially designated, Governing boards have also been
established.
Geothermal power plants draw fluids from underground
reservoirs to the surface to produce steam. This steam
then drives turbines that generate electricity.
Geothermal airsheds
 What is Meycauayan Bulacan known for?
The tanning industry began in the Philippines in 1903
and was first established in Meycauayan, Bulacan. It was
believed that Chinese craftsmen started the primitive
way of tanning leather in the province. Most of these
firms are in Meycauayan, making it the seat of the
tanning industry in the Philippines.

What are the two 2 air quality standards to comply with

by all emission sources?
All stationary sources of air emissions must comply
with National Emission Standards for Sources Specific
Air Pollution (NESSAP) and Ambient Air Quality
Standard (AAQS) pertaining to the source.
Upon compliance to standards, the DENR issues a
Permit to Operate (PTO) to these industries prior to their
operation.
The Philippines’ rank improved five notches to 69th out
of 131 countries and territories in the 2022 edition of the
World Air Quality Report by the Swiss air quality
technology company IQAir.
Currently, the Philippines is third worldwide in the
amount of mismanaged plastic waste, behind only China
and India.
The Philippines is one of the biggest plastic pollutants on
the planet, with 0.28 to 0.75 million tons of plastic
escaping into the waters each year from coastal locations
in Manila Bay together with hundreds of thousands of
tons of plastic waste that are dumped in the country's
rivers.
The City of Meycauayan is an industrial powerhouse in
the Philippines. It is considered as one of the most
polluted cities in the developing world on the account
of industrial discharges of toxic materials to the
environment.