COGNATE

CONTROL OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES - high salt intake

- excessive alcohol intake
4 COMMON NON- - having a sedentary lifestyle
- Smoking
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Secondary hypertension has specific causes and
- CANCER is a complication of another health problem.
- CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY - Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
DISEASES - Diabetes
- Hyperparathyroidism
- DIABETES MELLITUS
- pregnancy
- sleep apnea
- obesity
CARDIOVASCULAR
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
DISEASES - Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- STROKE - or ischemic heart disease
(IHD) -is heart disease caused by impaired
- HYPERTENSION
coronary blood flow due to clogged coronary
- CORONARY HEART DISEASE arteries resulting from decrease oxygen supply
to the heart muscles.

HYPERTENSION How does plaque build-up in the

arteries?
- High blood pressure, also called hypertension, - This thin cap over the plaque can break open
is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Blood cell fragments called platelets stick to the
Your blood pressure changes throughout the site of "the injury," causing a clot to form. The
day based on your activities. Having blood clot further narrows arteries. Sometimes a
pressure measures consistently above normal blood clot breaks apart on its own. Other times
may result in a diagnosis of high blood pressure the clot blocks blood flow through the artery,
(or hypertension). depriving the heart of oxygen and causing a
heart attack.
SYMPTOMS
- In rare and severe cases, high blood pressure SYMPTOMS
can cause: Chest discomfort (angina) described as
- sweating heaviness, tightness, pressure, aching, burning,
- anxiety numbness, fullness, squeezing or a dull ache.
- sleeping problems The discomfort can also spread to or only be felt
- blushing in your left shoulder, arms, neck, back or jaw.
- Feeling tired.
- Dizziness,
CAUSES - lightheadedness.
Primary hypertension can result from multiple - Nausea.
factors, including: - Weakness
- having obesity
- insulin resistance CAUSES
COGNATE

Smoking - Headache
High blood pressure
High cholesterol CAUSES
Diabetes or insulin resistance - Smoking causes of lung cancers smokers and
Not being active (sedentary lifestyle) exposed to smoke. But lung the majority both in
in people secondhand cancer also occurs in
people who never smoked and in those who
CANCER had prolonged never exposure to secondhand
Includes: smoke. In these cases, there may be no clear
- Breast Cancer cause of lung cancer.
- Lung Cancer
- Cervical Cancer PROSTATE CANCER
- Prostate Cancer - is cancer that occurs in the prostate.
- The prostate is a small walnut-shaped gland in
Breast Cancer males that produces the seminal fluid that
- cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. nourishes and transports sperm.

SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS
- Retracted or inverted nipple - Trouble urinating
- Breast or nipple pain - Decreased force in the stream of urine
- Lumps - Blood in the urine
- Nipple discharge - Blood in the semen
- Swelling - Bone pain
- Changes to skin texture - Losing weight without trying
- Redness/rash - Erectile dysfunction
- Lump around collar bone or underarm
CAUSES
CAUSES - Prostate cancer begins when cells in the
- breast cells begin to grow abnormally. prostate develop changes in their DNA. A cell's
- most often begins with cells in the milk DNA contains the instructions that tell a cell
producing ducts what to do. The changes tell the cells to grow
- may also begin in the glandular tissue called and divide more rapidly than normal cells do.
lobules or in other cells or tissue within the The abnormal cells continue living when other
breast. cells would die.

LUNG CANCER
- is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
- develops silently, with the symptoms PULMONARY DISEASES
appearing only when the tumors are already
large, and metastasis has already set in.
- BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
SYMPTOMS
- EMPHYSEMA
- new cough that doesn't go away
- Coughing up blood, even a small amount
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
- Shortness of breath chest pain
- chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways
- losing weight without trying
which associated causes an increase in airway
- Bone pain
hyperresponsiveness that
COGNATE

leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, CAUSES

breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing at long-term exposure to
night or in the early morning. airborne irritants,
including:
SYMPTOMS - Tobacco smoke
- Shortness of breath - Marijuana smoke
- Chest tightness or pain - Air pollution
- Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common - Chemical fumes and dust
sign of asthma in children

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS DIABETES MELLITUS

- It is obstructive pulmonary disorder TYPE I - refers to a group of diseases that affect
characterized by a chronic and recurrent
how your body uses blood sugar (glucose).
productive cough.
- your pancreas doesn't make insulin or makes
SYMPTOMS very little insulin
- persistent cough (often referred to as
"smoker's
cough")
TYPE II - cells become resistant to the action of
- coughing up mucus that may be yellow, green,
or white insulin It's believed that genetic and
- Wheezing environmental factors play a role in the
- Chest discomfort development of type 2 diabetes. Being
- wheezing and crackling sounds when overweight is strongly linked to the
breathing development of type 2 diabetes, but not
- bluish fingernails, lips, and skin due to low everyone with type 2 is overweight.
oxygen levels
- swelling in the legs and
ankles (peripheral edema) SYMPTOMS

CAUSES - Increased thirst

- Infections
- Smoking tobacco - Frequent urination
- Secondhand smoke - Extreme hunger
- Air pollution
- Unexplained weight loss
EMPHYSEMA
- It is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder - Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a
characterized by permanent anatomic alteration byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat
of the airway spaces distal to the conducting that happens when there's not enough available
airways. insulin)

SYMPTOMS HEALTH PROGRAMS FOR THE PREVENTION

- short of breath can't climb stairs AND CONTROL OF NON-COMMUNICABLE
lips or fingernails turn blue or gray with DISEASES
exertion. - Philippine Cancer Control Program

- not mentally alert - Diabetes Control Program

COGNATE

- Blindness Prevention Program

• Change the people's behavior to manipulate
Mental Health Programs
the environment and reduce their exposure to
Rehabilitation Programs biological and non-biological disease agents.

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH • Manipulate the environment to prevent

production or presence of disease agents.
AND SANITATION
ENVIRONMENT - Increasing the person's resistance to infectious
diseases as demonstrated in the various in
- Animals maternal and child health program.
- Trees

- Ocean Environmental Sanitation

HEALTH - Environmental sanitation is the study of all
- Humans factors in man's physical environment which
may negatively affect his health and well-being.
- Diseases
Environmental Factors:
- Pollution
- water supply sanitation
Healthier environments could prevent almost
one quarter of the global burden of disease. The - Proper excreta disposal
COVID-19 pandemic is a further reminder of the - Solid waste management (refuse and garbage
delicate relationship between people and our disposal)
planet. Clean air, stable climate, adequate
water, sanitation and hygiene, safe use of - Insect vector and rodent control
chemicals, protection from radiation, healthy - Food sanitation
and safe workplaces, sound agricultural
practices, health-supportive cities and built - Air pollution
environments, and a preserved nature are all
- Proper housing
prerequisites for good health.
- Noise

- Radiological protection
Environmental Health
- Institutional sanitation
- Environmental health is a branch of public
health that deals with the study of preventing - Stream pollution
illnesses by managing the environment and
The primary purpose of environmental
changing people's behavior to reduce exposure
sanitation is to Protect public health.
to biological and non-biological agents of
disease an injury.

LAWS AND POLICIES

PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES BASED ON THE That affect environmental health and sanitation.
ECOLOGICAL TRIANGLE
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SENATE RESOLUTION 676 - Bans the use of

Persistent Organic Pollutants in households and
industries.

RA 6969 - "Toxic Substances and Nuclear Waste

Control Act of 1990"

RA 8749 - "Clean Air Act of 1999"

RA 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste Management

Act of 2000

RA 9275 - "Clean Water Act of 2004"

PD 856 - Supplemental IRR on Chapter XVII on

Sewage Collection and Disposal and Excreta
Disposal and Drainage of the Sanitation Code of
the Philippines