11-12

Physical Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Radio Pulses and Special Relativity

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Physical Science – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Radio Pulses and Special Relativity

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Compiler/Contextualizer:

Jannis May V. Antolijao – Master Teacher I – Apas National High School

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 Physical Science – Grade 11
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Radio Pulses and
Special Relativity

What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
about radio pulses and special relativity. Its scope permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes your diverse vocabulary
level. Your lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:
Lesson 1 – Radio Pulses
Lesson 2 – Special Relativity and Electromagnetic Theory
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe how Hertz produced radio pulses, (S11/12PS-IVi-68)
2. explain how special relativity resolved the conflict between Newtonian
mechanics and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory. (S11/12PS-IVi-j-69)

What I Know

Directions: Carefully read each item and write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. How do you call with a coil of wire with an electric current flowing through
it?
A. generator B. motor C. solenoid D. transformer
2. Which of the following discovery made Heinrich Hertz famous?
A. photons B. gravity C. magnetism D. electromagnetism
3. Which assumption is replaced by Lorentz transformation that confirms the
postulates of relativity?
A. Maxwell’s theory C. Galilean transformation
B. Planck’s constant D. Newton’s transformation
4. Which of the following will most likely decrease the strength of a magnetic
field produced by an electromagnet if one of the variables will be changed?
A. remove the iron nail
B. increase the voltage of a battery
C. reduce the number of turns of the coil
D. switch the direction in which the battery is connected

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5. Which of the following in the electromagnetic spectrum did Heinrich Hertz
discovered in his laboratory that would give rise to world of
telecommunication?
A. x-rays B. gamma rays C. radio waves D. ultraviolet ray
6. Who derived the special theory of relativity?
A. Einstein B. Galileo C. Newton D. Pascal
7. Which is an application of Einstein’s theory of relativity?
A. toasters C. graphing calculators
B. microwave ovens D. global positioning system
8. Which of the following is equivalent to the (c) speed of light?
A. 3.0 x 108 miles per hour C. 3.0 x 108 kilometers per hour
B. 3.0 x 108 meters per second D. none of these
9. How do radio waves work? It works by _________________________________.
A. converting vibration to speakers
B. going through and playing sound
C. going into the cord and play sound
D. converting a specific wavelength into vibrations, generating sound from
speakers
10. Which of the following uses radio waves?
I. Remote control toy II. Pencil III. Television
IV. Floor V. Sand
A. I,II B. III, IV C. I, III D. IV, V
11.How did Hertz discover radio waves? He detected the waves with his
______________ wire receiver and sparks jump across its spark gap, even
though _________ meters away from the transmitter.
A. iron; 3.0 B. copper; 1.5 C. tungsten; 1.0 D. aluminum; 0.5
12.What is meant by frame of reference? A frame of reference is the
________________.
A. graph plotted between speed and time
B. graph plotted between distance and time
C. arbitrary fixed point with respect to which motion of other points are
measured
D. velocity of an object through an empty space without regard to its
surroundings
13.What did Hertz prove about the velocity of radio waves? He measured
Maxwell’s waves and demonstrated that the velocity of these waves was
___________________________ to the velocity of light.
A. equal to B. less than C. more than D. none of these
14.Which is referred as a space between electrical terminals across which a
transient discharge pass?
A. receiver B. spark gap C. transmitter D. magnetic coil
15.Which of the theories postulate that the speed of light is the same in all
inertial frames of reference?
A. Relativity Theory C. Electromagnetic Theory
B. Gravitational Theory D. Special Relativity Theory

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 What’s In
In a separate sheet of paper answer the questions below.

1. What is the main function of GPS?

2. How does it work?
3. When do you use GPS navigation?

Figure 1. Global Positioning System or GPS

What’s New

Radio waves lie at low-frequency end of the electromagnetic spectrum. They

are primarily used in various types of communication signals. It is also used in the
detection of natural radio sources in radio and radar astronomy. Let us see how
Heinrich Hertz is able to come up in his discovery that paved the way in the field of
telecommunications.

Label the parts of Hertz’s set-up oh how he discovered radio pulses.

Indicate the number on the box provided based on the names of the parts you can
find in the box.

A. Parts of Hertz’s set up in

his discovery of Radio Pulses.

1. To ground wire
2. Leyden jars
3. To aerial wire
4. Tuning coil
5. Spark gap
6. Induction coil
What is It 7. Telegraph Key
8. Battery
9. Wires
10.Operator

Figure 2. Hertz’s set-up

What Is It

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 Lesson
Radio Pulses
1

How Heinrich Hertz Discovered Radio Pulses?

In November 1886 Heinrich Hertz became the first person to transmit and
receive controlled radio waves. Considering how indispensable his wireless
transmissions quickly became, it seems a little odd looking back that he had no
practical purpose in mind for the radio or Hertzian waves he discovered.
Hertz had been demonstrating a piece of electrical apparatus called Riess
spirals. The spirals produced electric sparks by a process called magnetic
induction. The sparks flew between spark-gaps – small gaps in circuits.

Hertz had been demonstrating a piece

of electrical apparatus called Riess
spirals to students. The spirals
produced electric sparks by a process
called magnetic induction. The
sparks flew between spark-gaps – small
gaps in circuits.
Figure 3. Riess spiral
Hertz became fascinated by sparks.

He started generating them using a

Figure 4. Hertz spark testing circuit
piece of electrical equipment called an
induction coil. (A car’s spark plugs
are powered by an induction coil. The
induction coil transforms low voltage,
direct current or DC, electricity coming
from a car’s battery into high voltage,
alternating current or AC, electricity.
This electricity crosses a small air gap
at regular intervals as a spark – i.e.
you have a spark plug.)
Playing around a little with this
apparatus, Hertz connected a
secondary spark-gap to the existing
spark-gap, as shown on Figure 4 on
the left.
He used the induction coil to generate
high voltage, AC electricity, producing
a series of sparks at regular intervals
at the main spark-gap.
Hertz found that when sparks flew
across the main gap, sparks also
usually flew across the secondary gap –
that is between points A and B in the
image: Hertz called these side-sparks.

He varied the position of connection point C on the side-circuit. The only way he

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could stop side-sparks being produced was to arrange the apparatus, so the
length of wire CA was the same as CB.
Given that the electricity was AC, this suggested to Hertz that voltage
waves were separately racing through the wire along paths CA and CB.
If the distances CA and CB were the same, then the same voltage must reach
points A and B at the same time. The electrical waves in CA and CB were said to
be in phase with one another, so sparks could not be generated. Sparks could
only be generated if there was a large voltage difference between points A and B.

Figure 5. Sparks jump over the gap due to voltage difference

Figure 6. Spark gap transmitter

Hertz’s spark gap transmitter. At the ends are two hollow zinc spheres of
diameter 30 cm which are 3 m apart. These act as capacitors. 2 mm thick wire
is run from the spheres into the middle, where there is a spark-gap. Today we
would describe this oscillator as a half-wave dipole antenna.

In November 1886 Hertz put together his spark-gap transmitter, which

he hoped would transmit electromagnetic waves. For his receiver he used a
length of copper wire in the shape of a rectangle whose dimensions were 120
cm by 80 cm. The wire had its own spark-gap. Hertz applied high voltage, AC.
Electricity across the central spark-gap of the transmitter, creating sparks. The
sparks caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires leading
out to the zinc spheres.
Hertz detected the waves with his copper wire receiver – sparks jumped
across its spark gap, even though it was as far as 1.5 meters away from the
transmitter. These sparks were caused by the arrival of electromagnetic waves
from the transmitter generating violent electrical vibrations in the receiver. This
was an experimental triumph. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves.
Lesson Special Relativity Theory and

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 2 Electromagnetic Theory

Ways You Can See Einstein's Theory of Relativity in Real

Life
By: Jesse Emspak - Live Science
March 14, 2017

Relativity is one of the most famous scientific theories of the 20th

century, but how well does it explain the things we see in our daily lives?

Formulated by Albert Einstein in 1905, the theory of relativity is the notion

that the laws of physics are the same everywhere. The theory explains the
behavior of objects in space and time, and it can be used to predict everything
from the existence of black holes, to light bending due to gravity, to the
behavior of the planet Mercury in its orbit. The theory is deceptively simple.
First, there is no "absolute" frame of reference. Every time you measure an
object's velocity, or its momentum, or how it experiences time, it is always in
relation to something else. Second, the speed of light is the same no matter
who measures it or how fast the person measuring it is going. Third, nothing
can go faster than light. [Twisted Physics: 7 Mind-Blowing Findings]

The implications of Einstein's most famous theory are profound. If the

speed of light is always the same, it means that an astronaut going very fast
relative to the Earth will measure the seconds ticking by slower than an
Earthbound observer will — time essentially slows down for the astronaut, a
phenomenon called time dilation. Any object in a big gravity field is
accelerating, so it will also experience time dilation. Meanwhile, the
astronaut's spaceship will experience length contraction, which means that if
you took a picture of the spacecraft as it flew by, it would look as though it
were "squished" in the direction of motion. To the astronaut on board,
however, all would seem normal. In addition, the mass of the spaceship would
appear to increase from the point of view of people on Earth. But you do not
necessarily need a spaceship zooming at near the speed of light to see
relativistic effects. In fact, there are several instances of relativity that we can
see in our daily lives, and even technologies we use today that demonstrate
that Einstein was right. Here are some ways we see relativity in action.

1. Global Positioning System

In order for your car's GPS navigation to function as accurately as it

does, satellites have to take relativistic effects into account. This is because
even though satellites are not moving at anything close to the speed of light,
they are still going fast. The satellites are also sending signals to ground
stations on Earth. These stations (and the GPS unit in your car) are all
experiencing higher accelerations due to gravity than the satellites in orbit.

To get that pinpoint accuracy, the satellites use clocks that are accurate
to a few billionths of a second (nanoseconds). Since each satellite is 12,600
miles (20,300 kilometers) above Earth and moves at about 6,000 miles per

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hour (10,000 km/h), there is a relativistic time dilation that tacks on about 4
microseconds each day. Add in the effects of gravity and the figure goes up to
about 7 microseconds. That is 7,000 nanoseconds. The difference is very real:
if no relativistic effects were accounted for, a GPS unit that tells you it's a half
mile (0.8 km) to the next gas station would be 5 miles (8 km) off after only one
day. [Top 10 Inventions that Changed the World]

2. Light

If Isaac Newton had been right in assuming that there is an absolute

rest frame, we would have to come up with a different explanation for light,
because it would not happen at all.
"Not only would magnetism not exist but light would also not exist, because
relativity requires that changes in an electromagnetic field move at a finite
speed instead of instantaneously," Moore, of Pomona College, said. "If relativity
did not enforce this requirement changes in electric fields would be
communicated instantaneously instead of through electromagnetic waves, and
both magnetism and light would be unnecessary."

3. Electromagnets

Magnetism is a relativistic effect, and if you use electricity you can

thank relativity for the fact that generators work at all. If you take a loop of
wire and move it through a magnetic field, you generate an electric current.
The charged particles in the wire are affected by the changing magnetic field,
which forces some of them to move and create the current. But now, picture
the wire at rest and imagine the magnet is moving. In this case, the charged
particles in the wire (the electrons and protons) are not moving anymore, so
the magnetic field should not be affecting them. But it does, and a current still
flows. This shows that there is no privileged frame of reference.

Thomas Moore, a professor of physics at Pomona College in

Claremont, California, uses the principle of relativity to demonstrate why
Faraday's Law, which states that a changing magnetic field creates an electric
current, is true. "Since this is the core principle behind transformers and electric
generators, anyone who uses electricity is experiencing the effects of relativity,"
Moore said.

Electromagnets work via relativity as well. When a direct current

(DC) of electric charge flows through a wire, electrons are drifting through the
material. Ordinarily the wire would seem electrically neutral, with no net
positive or negative charge. That is a consequence of having about the same
number of protons (positive charges) and electrons (negative charges). But, if
you put another wire next to it with a DC current, the wires attract or repel
each other, depending on which direction the current is moving. [9 Cool Facts
About Magnets]

Assuming the currents are moving in the same direction, the electrons
in the first wire see the electrons in the second wire as motionless. (This
assumes the currents are about the same strength). Meanwhile, from the
electrons' perspective, the protons in both wires look like they are moving
because of the relativistic length contraction, they appear to be more closely
spaced, so there's more positive charge per length of wire than negative
charge. Since like charges repel, the two wires also repel. Currents in the

9
opposite directions result in attraction, because from the first wire's point of
view, the electrons in the other wire are more crowded together, creating a net
negative charge. Meanwhile, the protons in the first wire are creating a net
positive charge, and opposite charges attract.

Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity

The introduction of the special theory of relativity, published in 1905 by

Albert Einstein (1879-1955), a 26-year old patent clerk in Berne, Switzerland,
relativity fundamentally altered our understanding of such basic physical
concepts of time, length, mass, and energy. It may come as a surprise, then,
that Einstein’s theory of relativity is based on just two simply stated
postulates, and that algebra is all the mathematics required to work out its
main results.

The postulates of special relativity put forward by Einstein can be stated

as follows:
1. Equivalence of Physical Laws
The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference.
2. Constancy of Speed of Light
The speed of light in a vacuum, c = 3.00 x 108 m/s, is the same in all
inertial frames of reference, independent of the motion of the source or the
receiver.

Wherever you happen to be, it seems like you are at a fixed point and
that everything moves with respect to you. Everyone else feels the same way.
Motion is always measured with respect to a fixed point. This called
establishing a frame of reference, but the choice of the point is arbitrary, and
all the frames of reference are equally valid. A passenger in a moving car is not
moving with respect to the driver, but they are both moving from the point of
view of a person on the sidewalk waiting for a bus. They are moving even faster
as seen by a person in a car coming toward them. It is all relative. A frame of
reference is not a complicated concept. It is just something you decide is a
fixed point or group of connected points. It is completely up to you. Another
example, when you look up at celestial objects in the sky, you choose the earth
as your frame of reference, and the sun, moon, etc., seem to move across the
sky.
The theory of special relativity explains how space and time are linked
for objects that are moving at a consistent speed in a straight line. One of its
most famous aspects concerns objects moving at the speed of light. The speed
of light is given by the symbol c and is equal to exactly 299,792,458 m/s. This
speed of light in a vacuum; that is, in the absence of air. For most purposes,
we round off to 3.0 x 108 m/s.

Isaac Newton’s Newtonian Mechanics

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 Newtonian mechanics is based on application of Newton’s
Laws of motion which assume that the concepts of distance,
time, and mass, are absolute, that is, motion is in an inertial
frame.
The term inertial reference frame simply refers to the
law frame of reference where all objects follow Newton’s first law of motion:
Objects at rest remain at rest, and objects in motion remain in motion at a
constant velocity in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force. The
inside of the car moving along a road at a constant velocity and the inside of a
stationary house are inertial reference frame.

James Clark Maxwell’s Electromagnetic Theory

Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel

through space as waves moving at the speed of light. He
proposed that light is an undulation in the same medium
that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. The
unification of light and electrical phenomena led his
prediction of the existence of radio waves.
Electromagnetic Theory based on Maxwell’s
equations establishes the basic principle of electrical and
electronic circuits over the entire frequency spectrum from direct current to
optics. It is the basis of Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws of low-frequency
circuits and Snell’s law of reflection in optics.

How the Special relativity resolved the conflict between Newtonian

Mechanics and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory?

Galilean Transformations

Newtonian mechanics assumes of absolute space and time, this

means that the distance between two points and the time that passes between
two events does not depend on the coordinate system you choose. Therefore, a
coordinate transformation must leave invariant.
Further, Newton’s second law states that a free particle in an inertial
reference frame moves in a straight line. Hence, a coordinate transformation
from one inertial reference frame to another must map straight lines to other
straight lines. Such transformations are called Galilean transformations.
Newton’s laws of motions are invariant under these transformations which is
called Newtonian mechanics.

The problem with electrodynamics

Maxwell’s equations predict a value for the speed of light in an inertial

1
reference frame, c = ¿ . On the other hand, the Galilean transformations
√ μ0ϵ 0
predict that the speed of light in an inertial reference frame moving with
velocity v is c’ = c + v. This is obviously a contradiction to the Galilean

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relativity.

The luminiferous aether hypothesis

The above was one of the reasons that furnished the idea of the
luminiferous aether. It was believed that there exists a medium called the
luminiferous aether, which meditates electromagnetic waves (similar to
sound waves in liquid). Then, there is a single reference frame where the
aether is motionless in the universe, which was believed to be the only
reference frame where Maxwell’s equations are exact. Movement with respect
to the aether obviously changes the physics. Therefore, it was expected that
the speed of light on the Earth depends on the direction due to Earth’s motion.
The Michelson-Morley experiment was designed to test the claim. The
experiment used a beam splitter to create two perpendicular beams are then
recombined, which gives rise to an interference pattern. The motion of the
Earth supposedly causes different velocities along the different beams, which
result in a fringe shift in the interference pattern (bright spots are further
apart). However, this observation was not made. Therefore, the Michelson-
Morley experiment indicates that the speed of light on the Earth is identical in
all directions, and thus, contradicts the aether hypothesis.

Einstein and a renewed principle of relativity

Another possibility to resolve the conflict between electrodynamics and

Galilean relativity is to reject Galilean invariance from the beginning. In
particular, Einstein postulated that the speed of light is constant in all inertial
reference frames. This contradicts the fundamental assumption of Newtonian
physics that space and time are absolute quantities. Similarly, to the Galilean
transformations, one can construct the coordinate transformations that leave
the speed of light invariant. They are called Poincaré transformations (the
famous Lorentz transformations are special cases without translations).
The principle of relativity postulates that all physical laws are
identical in all inertial reference frames, and therefore, physical laws must be
invariant under Poincaré transformations. Therefore, the rejection of absolute
space and time give rise to a new class of transformations between inertial
reference frames, this is the essence of special relativity.
It is possible to show that Maxwell’s equations are indeed invariant under
Poincaré transformations. Moreover, the Galilean transformations are an
excellent approximation to the Poincaré transformations for small velocities.
This is the reason why Newtonian mechanics are still used successfully today
in almost all applications. So, special relativity “resolves” the conflict between
Newtonian mechanics and electrodynamics by dubbing Newtonian mechanics
wrong.

What’s More

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 “Be Familiar”
Choose the correct word in the box and write your answer on the space
provided. Use a separate sheet of paper.

Albert Einstein Electromagnetism Special Relativity Theory

James Clark Maxwell Radio Waves Electromagnetic Theory
Isaac Newton Light Heinrich Hertz Reference Frame

________________1. It is used for long-distance communication between 10 4 to 1012

Hz EM wave frequency.
________________2. He proved the existence of EM waves; the unit of frequency is
named after him.
________________ 3. It is the interaction of electric currents and magnetic fields.
________________4. It is a perspective that one uses to determine if an object is
moving.
________________5. He is the key figure in scientific revolution and discovered the 3
laws of motion.
________________6. It is an EM radiation within the portion of EM spectrum that can
be perceived by the human eye.
________________7. This explains how space and time are linked for objects that are
moving at a consistent speed in a straight line. One of its most famous aspects
concerns objects moving at a speed of light.
________________8. He developed the theory of relativity and is famous for his
equation E = mc2.
________________9. He demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through
space as waves moving at the speed of light.
_______________10. He published this “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic
Field” in 1865.

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks the correct answer and write on a separate sheet of
paper.
1.A_______ E__________ He introduced the special theory of relativity
which was published in 1905 (1879-1955), and
the theory of relativity which fundamentally
altered our understanding of such basic physical
concepts of time, length, mass, and energy
2.S______ T______ of R_______ Equivalence of Physical Laws and
Constancy of Speed of Light
3.E____________ T____________ based on Maxwell’s equations establishes the
basic principle of electrical and electronic circuits
over the entire frequency spectrum from direct
current to optics.
4. H___________ H_________ He became the first person to transmit and receive
controlled radio waves.

What I Can Do
13
 Read the questions and write your answer on a separate sheet.

Questions:

1. Which among the 3 ways you have experienced Albert Einstein’s Theory of
Relativity? Explain your answer briefly.
2. Can you give your own example/ situation about “frame of reference”?
3. Will it be okay if scientists have conflicting ideas? Why? Why not? Give an
example.
4. If you were a scientist how can you prove that your idea/concept/discovery
is better than others?

Assessment

Directions: Carefully read each item and write the letter of the correct answer. Use
a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the postulate having to do with reference frames on which the theory
of special relativity is based? The frame of reference is chosen
___________________________.
A. arbitrarily as long as it is inertial
B. to have constant nonzero acceleration
C. in such a way that the object under observation is at rest
D. in such a way that the object under observation is moving with a
constant speed
2. How fast does your friend appear to be moving if you are riding in the
backseat of a car moving at 65 km/hr with your friend?
A. 0 km/hr B. -65 km/hr C. 65 km/hr D. none of these
3. What can you say about the speed of light when you are approaching its
source?
A. equal to c B. less than c C. greater than c D. none of these
4. Which of the following devices temporary magnets can be used?
A. motors B. speakers C. generators D. all of the above
5. What is meant by DC?
A. dome current C. divided current
B. direct current D. dominant current
6. What is the discovery of the famous physicist Heinrich Hertz?
A. photons B. gravity C. magnetism D. electromagnetic radiation
7. Which is referred to as an electrical device for producing intermittent source
of high voltage?
A. receiver B. transmitter C. spark gap D. induction coil
8. An electromagnetic wave is radiated by a straight wire antenna that is
oriented vertically. What should be the orientation of a straight wire
receiving antenna? It should be placed_____________________.
A. vertically B. horizontally C. at an angle D. none of these

14
 9. Which of the following is a pair of spirally wound conductors with metal balls
at their ends used by Hertz in his experiment?
A. receiver B. transmitter C. spark gap D. Reiss spiral
10.Which of the following appliances at home produce electromagnetic fields?
A. television C. light bulbs
B. computer screens D. all of the above
11.How are the electric fields and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave
oriented? The electric fields and magnetic fields are oriented ________________
to the wave’s direction of travel and also ____________________ to each other.
A. parallel; parallel C. perpendicular; parallel
B. parallel; perpendicular D. perpendicular; perpendicular
12. Which is referred as the metallic device for radiating or receiving radio
waves?
A. antenna B. receiver C. speaker D. transmitter
13. What were the main point of electromagnetic theory?
I. The energy is emitted from any source continuously in the form of
radiation and is called radiant energy.
II. The radiation is consisting of electric and magnetic fields oscillating
perpendicular to each other and both perpendicular to the direction of
radiation.
A. I only B. II only C. both I and II D. none of these
14. Which of the following is based on Maxwell’s equations which establishes
the basic principle of electrical and electronic circuits over the entire
frequency spectrum from direct current to optics?
A. Special Relativity C. Electromagnetic Theory
B. Newtonian Mechanics D. none of these
15.Which of the following devices use radio waves?
A. wifi air B. cell phones C. air traffic control D. all of these

References

AlbertEinstein.The Independent. https://www.google.com/search?

q=albert+einstein
Chaotic Stupid. (2020). Telegraph. http://www.chaoticstupid.com
Emspak, J. (2017).”8 Ways You Can See Einstein’s Theory of Relativity in Real Life”.
Live Science. March 14. Accessed July 13, 2020.
https://www.livescience.com/58245-theory-of-relativity-in-real-life
Howell, E. (2017).” Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity”. Space.com. March 30.
Accessed July 12, 2020. https://www.space.com/36273-theory-special-
relativity
Isaac Newton Life Story. Facts, Quotes& Inventions. Live Science.
https://www.google.com/search?q=isaac+newton&source
James Clark Maxwell. yovisto.blogspot.com. Pinterest.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/278378820691985208/
The Doc.” How Heinrich Hertz Discover Radio Waves”. Famous Scientists’. Accessed
July 12, 2020. https://www.famousscientists.org/how-hertz-discovered-radio-
waves

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 Schaltegger, J. 2018. “Special relativity resolved the conflict between Newtonian
Mechanics and Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory” March 19. Accessed May 27,
2021. Quora Digest.
https://www.quora.com/How-does-special-relativity-resolve-the-conflict-
between-Newtonian-mechanics-and-Maxwell-s-electromagnetic-theory

Answer Key

What’s New (10 points)

A. Parts of Hertz’s set up in

his discovery of Radio Pulses.

1. To ground wire
2. Leyden jars
3. To aerial wire
4. Tuning coil
5. Spark gap
6. Induction coil
7. Telegraph Key
8. Battery
9. Wires
10.Operator

What I Have Learned What I Can Do (10 points)

1. 5 points 1. Radio waves 6. Light

(Answers may vary) 2. Heinrich Hertz 7. Special Relativity Theory
2. 5 points
3. Electromagnetism 8. Albert Einstein
(Answers may vary)
4. Reference Frame 9. Electromagnetic Theory
3. 5 points 5. Isaac Newton 10. James Clark Maxwell
(Answers may vary)
4. 5 points
(Answers may vary)

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