Interval data and ratio data

Interval data and ratio data are two types of quantitative data used in statistics and research. Both
types of data involve numerical values and can be analyzed using various statistical techniques.
However, there are differences between them based on the properties and characteristics of the data.

Interval Data:
Interval data is a type of quantitative data where the numerical values have a consistent interval or
distance between them. In this type of data, the numerical values represent meaningful quantities,
and the intervals between the values are equal. Examples of interval data include temperature
measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit, calendar years, and test scores on a 100-point scale.

Key characteristics of interval data:

Equal intervals: The difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
No true zero point: The zero point on the scale does not indicate an absence of the measured
attribute. It is an arbitrary reference point.
Ratio comparisons are not meaningful: You can't say that one value is "twice" or "half" of another
value.

Ratio Data:
Ratio data is a type of quantitative data that possesses all the characteristics of interval data, with
the addition of a true zero point. In ratio data, the values represent meaningful quantities, the
intervals between values are equal, and there is a true zero point indicating the absence of the
measured attribute. Examples of ratio data include height, weight, time, and income.

Key characteristics of ratio data:

Equal intervals: The difference between any two adjacent values is the same.
True zero point: The zero point on the scale represents a complete absence of the attribute being
measured.
Ratio comparisons are meaningful: You can make meaningful statements about ratios, such as
one value being twice or half of another value.

The distinction between interval data and ratio data is primarily based on the presence or absence of
a true zero point. Ratio data provides a more comprehensive level of measurement, allowing for
additional statistical calculations and interpretations.