ARRIVAL OF ANDRES BONIFACIO IN
disrespectfully because he was not a native of
CAVITE, IMUS ASSEMBLY, AND THE
TEJEROS CONVENTION
I. ARRIVAL OF ANDRES BONIFACIO IN CAVITE
-Bonifacio, who was acknowledged as the revolution’s main
leader was invited in Cavite in late 1896.
-Baldomero Aguinaldo, a cousin of Emilio Aguinaldo, and
Mariano Alvarez, the uncle of Bonifacio’s wife, led the
Magdalo and Magdiwang respectively.
-Emilio Aguinaldo had achieved popularity in the province
for his victories.
-Both factions fought each other in combat but disagreed
on matters of authority and jurisdiction.
-Bonifacio went to Cavite with his wife, brothers Procopio
and Ciriaco, and other troops, including Emilio Jacinto,
Bonficacio’s secretary and right-hand man.
-According to rumors, Jacinto opposed Bonifacio’s trip to
Cavite.
-Tensions between Bonifacio and Magdalo commanders
escalated when he arrives in Cavite.
-Bonifacio was partial to Magdiwang
-Aguinaldo and Edilberto Evangelista, an engineer and
general from Magdalo were displeased with Bonifacio’s
attitude of superiority when they went to meet him at
Zapote.
-Aguinaldo claimed that Bonifacio behaved “as if he were a
king” in his memoirs.
-Residents of Noveleta, a Magdiwang town, hailed
Bonifacio as the country’s king.
-Aguinaldo and Bonifacio had disagreements on tactical
troop deployments and Bonifacio was held accountable for
the town of Silang’s capture.
-Aguinaldo being regarded by the Spanish as the “chief of
the rebellion” rather than Bonifacio infuriated Bonifacio as
well.
II. IMUS ASSEMBLY
-Andres Bonifacio was requested to visit Cavite in order to
bring the two factions together and mend the rifts and
resolve the conflict over leadership.
-It took place on December 31, 1896, the day after Jose
Rizal was put to death.
-The people of the Cavite treated Bonifacio
Cavite and had no victories over the Spanish.
-The Magdiwang first agreed with Bonifacio’s
assertion that the Katipunan was their
government, but since they did not have
control over the location or the circumstances,
the two parties ultimately decided to establish
a revolutionary government.
-They organized a meeting that was
scheduled to take place in friars; manor house
in Barrio Tejeros, a neighborhood of General
Trias, San Francisco de Malabon.
-According to Santiago Alvarez and Artemio
Ricarte, the assembly decided to name
Bonifacio as the chair of a legislative
committee and give him the power to choose
members he deems deserving. However, it is
unclear if he chose the committee’s members.
-A draft of constitution was presented by
Edilberto Evangelista.
-Given that the Katipunan already had its own
laws, Bonifacio disregarded the constitution.
-Conflict in the assembly widened the gap
between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio.
-This was made worse when Aguinaldo
suggested Evangelista lead the revolutionary
government on the grounds that he was the
most intelligent.
-Nothing concrete had been decided, leading
to the Tejeros Convention.
III. THE TEJEROS CONVENTION
-The Magdiwang and Magdalo factions met
on March 22, 1897 in San Francisco de
Malabon (today General Trias).
-At this convention, the first presidential and
vice-presidential elections in Philippine
History were held.
-The election was presided over by Andres
Bonifacio.
-Bonifacio won the unanimous agreement that
the verdict would stand and victors would be
honored regardless of their social standing or
level of education.
-Even though the convention was primarily consisting of -Even for the minor position of Director of the
Magdiwang faction members, they were not primarily pro- Interior. Caviteno elites could not accept a
Bonifacio. man who was “uneducated” and a non-
Caviteno.
-Emilio Aguinaldo won the participants’ vote for president.
-Daniel Tirona vehemently objected that
Candidate Faction Result someone without a law degree should not
Emilio Magdalo 146 57.03% hold the position, he proposed Jose del
Aguinaldo Rosario, a lawyer, as someone who is
Andres Magdiwang 80 31.25% competent for the job.
Bonifacio -Tirona’s comment had offended Bonifacio.
Mariano Magdiwang 30 11.72% He pulled out a pistol and was about to shoot
Trias Tirona when Ricarte attempted to take his gun
Valid Votes 256 100.00% away from him.
Valid Vast 256 100.00%
-Bonifacio voided the convention as the
Registered 256 100.00%
Supremo of Katipunan saying, “I, as chairman
Voters
of this assembly and as President of the
Supreme Council of the Katipunan, as all of
-Severino de las Alas of Magdiwang requested that you do not deny, declare this assembly
dissolved, and I annul all that has been
Bonifacio automatically be designated vice president since
approved and resolved”.
he had gotten the second-highest number of votes next to
Aguinaldo. No one seconded nor opposed, thus Bonifacio, -The following day, Aguinaldo was informed
the chairman decided the elections should proceed. about the election results. He was pushed to
take the oath of office by his older brother,
-Mariano Trias was chosen as vice president instead of Crispulo Aguinaldo.
Andres Bonifacio.
-The five vacant positions eventually filled
-Santiago Alvarez lost the election to Artemio Ricarte (both after being appointed by Aguinaldo. The newly
from Magdiwang) for Captain-General. elected politicians took the oath of office on
April 24, 1897.
-Baldomero Aguinaldo proposed that voters form groups to
expedite the voting process so it could be completed before Position Name Term Political
it got too dark. Faction
President Emilio March 23 Magdalo
1897-
-Emiliano Riego de Dios of Magdiwang was chosen as Aguinaldo
November
Director of War over Daniel Tirona of Magdalo, Santiago 1, 1897
Alvarez and Ariston Villanueva of Magdiwang Vice- Mariano March 23 Magdiwang
1897-
President Trias
November
-Andres Bonifacio won over Mariano Alvarez in the race for 1, 1897
Interior Director. Captain- Artemio March 23 Magdalo
1897-
General Ricarte November
Election Results 1, 1897
Position Name Faction Director Emiliano April 24 Magdiwang
1897-
President Emilio Aguinaldo Magdalo of War Riego De
November
Dios
Vice-President Mariano Trias Magdiwang 1, 1897
Captain-General Artemio Ricarte Magdiwang Director Jacinto April 24 Magdalo
1897-
of State Lumbreras
Director of War Emiliano Riego De Magdiwang November
1, 1897
Dios
Director Baldomero March 23 Magdalo
Director of the Andres Bonifacio Magdiwang 1897-
of Aguinaldo
Interior Finance
November
1, 1897
Director Mariano April 24 Magdiwang
1897-
-Bonifacio complied with the ruling but insisted on a vote of Alvarez
November
Welfare 1, 1897
recount beforehand.’
Director Severino April 24 Magdiwang
1897-
of Justice de las Alas
 November
1, 1897
Director Pascual April 24 Magdiwang
1897-
of Interior Alvarez
November
1, 1897

-On March 23 1897, Aguinaldo “secretly” took his oath of

office as president in a chapel officiated by a Catholic
priest Cenon Villafranca.
-According to Gen. Santiago Alvarez, guards were posted
outside with strict instructions not to let in any unwanted
partisan from the Magdiwang faction during the oath-
taking process.
-The Tejeros election, according to Artemio Ricarte were
“dirty and shad,” “not in conformity with the true will of the
people” and he entered office “with great reluctance”
-On March 23 1897, Bonifacio and his forty-five men
reassembled at Tejeros’ estate-house, wherein all were
disappointed with the outcomes of the previous day’s
sessions since they thought voting irregularities had
occurred.
-They created a paper, now known as Acta de Tejeros, in
which they explained why did they not accept the
outcomes of the convention that had been conducted the
day before because they were convinced that the election
that had taken place was illegitimate.
How do the said events relate to our current state or
situation?