POWER QUALITY

LECTURER: Ruhaizad Ishak

Email: ruhaizad@ump.edu.my

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COURSE SYNOPSIS

This course is an introduction to power quality disturbances.

It first introduces the concept of power quality and then
quantifies the particular power quality disturbances that fall
within the wider umbrella of electromagnetic phenomena. It
provides a strong foundation for better understanding of the
underlying principles of each power quality problem.
Students are exposed to power quality solutions, standards,
monitoring tools, grounding practices and distributed
generation.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
CO 01: Explain the nature, causes and effects of power quality
issues e.g sags, swell, transient, harmonics, interruptions, voltage
variations and power factor.
CO 02: Analyze the severity of power quality problems and propose
suitable mitigation method with reflect to cost, performance and
environment issues.
CO 03: Design and perform scientific investigation to get conclusive
findings of real problem related to power quality.
CO 04: Produce and analyze power quality problems on given raw
data from specific power quality tools.
CO 05: Provide decent report with high level of ethics and
professionalism.
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References

1. Dugan,R.C., McGranaghan,M.F., Santoso,S. and Beaty,

H.W., “Electrical Power Systems Quality”, 2nd Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 2003.
2. Kennedy, B.W., “Power Quality Primer”, McGraw-
Hill,2000.
3. M.H.J Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems:
Voltage Sags and Interruptions, IEEE Press Series on
Power Engineering, New York, 2000
4. www.powerstandards.com
5. www.leonardo-energy.org
6. www.pqe.com
7. www.power-solutions.com

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Power Quality Video Clip

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Business interruption costs

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The economics involved in solving a power quality

problem must be carefully studied. It is not always
economical to eliminate power quality variations on
the supply side.

In many cases, the optimal solution to a problem may

involve making a particular piece of sensitive
equipment less sensitive to power quality variations.

The level of power quality required is that level which

will result in proper opera-tion of the equipment at a
particular facility.
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1. Users awareness of PQ issues

2. Newer generation of load equipment

3. Increasing use of equipment that generates PQ problems

4. Many things are now interconnected in a network

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Who’s responsibility?

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Any problem manifested in

voltage, current or frequency
deviations that results in failure
or misoperation of customer
equipment.

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PQ EQUATION
PQ = Electrical Disturbance + Path
+ Vulnerable Equipment

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PQ problems?

Do these voltage waveforms represent PQ

problems? Answer: Yes, ONLY if they cause
equipment to misoperate
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Power Quality Terms and Definitions

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Why need a common PQ terminology?

The reasons are to:
1)Avoid confusion from many different terms that
have similar meanings
2)Develop standards for characterizing and
categorizing monitoring and measurement results
3)Permit statistical analysis of data obtained from
different sources
4)Facilitate communication when describing
encountered problems
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Power quality usually refers to the

quality of the voltage supplied by the
utility.

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 Power system electromagnetic phenomena
INTRODUCTION

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PQ Concerns

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• Electromagnetic interference (EMI)

- interaction between magnetic fields and
sensitive electronic circuits. EMI is a high-
frequency phenomena.

• Electrostatic discharge (ESD)

- a very familiar and unpleasant occurrence.
E.g when opening door of a car. ESD is
harmful to electronic equipment, it can cause
malfunction to sensitive equipment.
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Categories based on duration:

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Popular PQ terms:

Bonding

Grounding

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Popular PQ terms:
Bonding - Intentional electrical-interconnecting of
conductive parts to ensure common
electrical potential between the bonded
parts
Grounding - Conducting connection by which an electrical
circuit or equipment is connected to the earth
or to some conducting body of relatively large
that serves in place of the earth.

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Popular PQ terms:
Distortion - A term indicating the deviation of a periodic wave
from its ideal waveform characteristics.

Linear loads - Electrical loads which in steady state operation

presents constant impedance throughout the cycle of
applied voltage

Non Linear loads -

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Ride through — Measure of the ability of control devices to sustain

operation when subjected to partial or total loss of
power of a specified duration.

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