X Chuong | Md ddy Theo s6'xylanh dong co % pong ed mot xylan Dong cd nhiéu xylanh (s6 xylanh ty hai td ten), Theo céch b6 trl xylanh Dong cd o6 xylanh thing ding. - DOng e¢ ed xylanh nim ngang Dong cd c6 mot hang xylanh, ding tam cia cée xylanh song song voi nhau va cing n&sn rong mt mat phiing. = Ding oxi of 7. hang ylanh 31 song song hay kign chit V = Dong cd o6 xylanh bs tri hinh sao, mOt hang hodc nhiéu hang cc duting tam xylanh \wOng kinh va cng nim trén mot mat phing. - Dong cd 6 piston 46i dinh, c6 thé c6 mot hodc nhiéu truc khuyu, V.NGUYBN L¥ LAM VIC CUA BONG CO BOT TRONG Kiéu Piston ! IV.1, Nguyén lf lam viée cia dong cd 4 ky BUi vdi dng ww 44y, dé hoan than mdi chu itinh céng idc pision dOng co phii ihuc bién 4 ‘Anh tinh tuong wing voi cdc qué trinh dign ra trong xylanh gdm: nap, nén, chéy gidn nd va thai “rong 46 c6ng cé {ch chi do qué trinh ch4y gid né sinh ra. Do céc qué trinh din ra lap di lap Iai c6 tinh chu ky nén khi khdo s4t nguyén If lam vie ta hi khdo s4t m6 chu trinh cng téc trong to&n b6 qué trinh [am vi cia dong cu, Trong mot chu trinh cng téc cia dong co 4 ky dutge thife hién nhu sau: IV.1.1. Ky mét (qué trinh nap) ~ dhe La qué trinh nap m6i chit méi vio trong long xylanh dng co (hod khi d6i v6i déng co xang, hOng kf 463 v4i dng o9 Diesel). a b c J Hinh 1.4. So db nguyen ly lam vide ca dong cu xang bon k) 4) qud trinkngp; —b) qud trinknén; —c) qud trink chy - gidn nd ; d) qua trinh thd 1 - supap nap; 2 ~ supap thdi 3=piston; — 4 - bougie. —fuen Toa — stn 1 ws than tH p nap md piston & vi tt di Vao diu ky mb: Iai voi 6 vat chéy do hank trinh iruitc dé hi s6t. Khi trac khujy quay theo ch’ ti BCT xuing BCD, co effu phn phd Ket gian trong xylanh n trong xy!an- pr Tan dy sau khi piston supap thi: dong 4p suit trong xylanb p, cbn he he p sft én suong 7 oon ae qué trinh nap, co cfu phan phi khi dieu knién supap 53D ns Viéc déng mu6n sup 5 the dung 08} & ng 1 phia DCT i trinh nén phy thude fia thanh xylanh va 4p su&t Sau khi supa nap déag, piston cbuyé 6) chat trong xylanh ting dda. Gid wi 4p sudt cudi qué fin khéing gian chita méi chit, mite dd tan nhiét © tinh nén (hin 1.40). Pé tan diéu kidn it cho mbi trigt dé th vige ddt chdy Bn hop pha ge the hien tribe khit piston ti CT. DCT. di v6i dng od Diese! IV.1.3. Kj ba (qué trinh chdy - gin nd) Vao kj ba m6i cht bi nén trong xylanh 5 cu6i k} nén dutye boc chéy vi 46 gia ting ép sudt va nhigt 46 ca moi chit it a0, t20 4p ive sinh ong diy ad mbi chit trong xy cOng, trong qué trinb nay cd hai supap déu d6ng (hinh 1.4c). Wi * ai a) gud trink nop wh LS. Sods nguyen lam a b) i lam ibe io ok mee ed Set co Diesel bdin ki Mase. Lies My gid nod: d) que srinh on ni 4 — vi pirChuong | ~ Med dau 1V.1.4. K¥ béin (qué trinh thai) t Piston dich chuyén tY DCD én PCT addy sin vat ch jeg md. Do dp sudt mdi cht trong xylanh vao cudi k) chéy "iy sm true khi piston xudng dén BCD khodng 40 = 60° wong dng vii poe quay tre kh n gidim duige lye cdn d6i vidi chuyén d3ng cia piston va tav diéu kién t6t nhift cho 34 4p ch ra khdi xylanh dng co. Khi ky b6n két thtic thi 66ng cv 44 thyc hién duge mot chu tinh cOng tac, tiép theo nhé qué h quay cia banh da gitip dong cd thye hign chu trinh céng tac tip theo. Chinh v) vay ma d6n; thé lm vic duge lién tye. Ran Nhdn xét dét vOi ding cat hin ky 3 Chu tinh céng tic duige hodn thank trong bép hanh tinh cila piston hay trong hai yong thy quay ca tryc khuyu. b Pe - Trong bin ky thi chi co ky chay gidn nd (ky ba) ia ky sinh cOng, c4c ky con tai thute hi duge 1a nbd quén tinh quay cla bénh da va cic chi it chuyén dong hoic nhd céng cia “ efe xylanh khéc (46i voi dng co nhiéu xylanh), On ny _ Déi v6i dng co b6n ky, 4€ nang cao duge cng sufi va higu sufi cba dOng ec phdi dim bio vu QC hai digu sau: chdi cdng sach sdn vat chdy ra khéi xylanh va nap cang nhiéu mdi chét mdi vio ‘ig 09, Diéu nay dugjc thyc hién bing céch phéi hgp mé sém va déng mudn cic supap nap, supap ihinh thinh nén quy luat phi Khi nhilt dinh tuy thugc vao ting loai déng od. du ag Chting ta c6 thé tham khdo g6c 46 phiin ph6i khf, va g6c phun ddu sém cia dong co Diezel ak), thyding nlm trong phar vi sau (Bang J). Bang 1 | Co cfu phan Dong co khOng ting 4p i Dong cating 6p | TL phéiket [iad auée DCT | Bong sau DCD | MO mide DCT | Bong sau DCT | a | Supup nap | i5 +30" io+30" | 0+ 80" | 20+40° | Supap thai i 35 +459 10+20° | 40+55° | 40+50° | {G6 phun dau [ 10+ 30? truée BCT 10+ 20? vée BCT | Dé thj cng P— V vi gién dé pha phéi kht D6 thi cong P -V thé hign bién thién cia Ap sudt theo sy thay déi cita thé tich trong lng aah dong co, trong 46: P— 4p sudt trong long xylanh, V - thé tich ctta mi chéft trong xylanh, VwVe~ thé tich cOng ticithé tich budng chy Po- 4p suit khi trdi (po = 0,1 MN/n?), be ~ dp sudt khf s6t (p, = 0,113 + 0,115 MN/m?), t~ diém khf st,