Mnu. L.

Hlatshwayo

UMSEBENZI WEBANGA- LE-11

UKUHLUZWA KWEZINKONDLO 2020

IZINKONDLO

UKUBUMBEKA KWENKONDLO / ISAKHIWO SENKONDLO

• Usithola ngokuyibuka nje ngamehlo inkondlo.

• Ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sangaphandle kubhekwa lokhu okulandelayo.

AMABINZA / IZINDIMA / IZITANZA

Kubhekwa ukuthi inkondlo ihlukaniswe ngamabinza nokuthi mangaki amabinza

aleyo nkondlo.

IMIGQA

• Inani lemigqa

• Imigqa emide nemifishane

• Ukuvuleka kwemigqa ( uma lungekho uphawu lokukhanyisa ekugcineni)

• Ukuvaleka kwemigqa( Ilapho kunophawu lokukhanyisa ekugcineni)

• I-enjambament (Uma kungekho uphawu emigqeni ongenhla bese luba khona

emigqeni elandelayo (Ukungabibikho kophawu kukhombisa ukuthi umqondo
ogcizelelwa imbongi uphelela emigqeni elandelayo)

• Isikhawu / Isizura (Yilapho kutholakala uphawu lokukhanyisa phakathi nomugqa

ngezizathu ezahlukene.

Inhloso yokusetshenziswa kwemigqa kungaba ukudala isigqi (umgqumo womculo

omnnandi) esinensayo / esicothayo noma esisheshaya kanye nomoya wenkondlo.

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IMVUMELWANO

Ukusetshenziswa kwamalunga afanayo emishweni emibili elandelanayo.

Imvumelwano iletha isigqi enkondlweni

Lokhu kusho amalunga afanayo emigqeni elandelayo.

Imvumelwano ihlukaniswe kathathu.

a) Imvumelwano siqalo

• Lawa amalunga afanayo ekuqaleni kwemigqa elandelanayo.

• Unkamisa uyaba ilunga eliphelele uma esekuqaleni egameni.

b) Imvumelawano maphakathi

• Lawa ngamalunga afanayo emagameni amaphakathi emigqeni elandelanayo.

c) Imvumelano sigcino

• Lawa amalunga afanayo emagameni asekugcineni emigqeni elandelanayo.

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UKUXHUMANA

Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama afanayo emishweni emibili elandelanayo

Kusetshenziselwa ukugqamisa umqondo othile enkondlweni.

Kusho amagama afanayo emigqeni elandelayo. Ukuxhumana kuhlukaniswe

kanje:

a) Ukuxhumana okusekuqaleni/okuqondile

Lapha kubhekwa amagama afanayo ekuqaleni kwemigqa elandelanayo.

b) Ukuxhumana okumaphakathi

Lapha kubhekwa amagama afanayo maphakathi neigqa elandelanayo.

c) Ukuxhumana okusekugcineni

Lapha kubhekwa amagama afanayo ekugcineni kwemigqa elandelanayo.

OKUSHIWO YINKONDLO/UMQONDO WENKONDLO

Yilokho okuqondwe yimbongi enkondlweni isebenizisa ulimi olucebile ukukhethwa

kwamagma, imifanekisomqondo,izifengqo kanye nezisho nezaga.

UMOYA WENKONDLO

Isimo imbongi esuke ikuso uma ibhala inkondlo. Le simo singavela ngezindlela
eziningi kanje: umuzwa wothando / wokukhathazeka/ wokubalisa njll.

INDIKIMBA

Umongo wenkondlo yonke. okubhaliwe kungaqukatha izindikimba ezahlukene

Ezingajwayelekile izindikimba eziphathelene nothando, ukufa,

izimpi,ukuhlukunyezwa,ubugebengu ,uxolo ,ukholo,imfundo,ubuqhawe njll.

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IMIFANEKISOMQONDO / IZITHOMBEMAGAMA

Amagama, isigejana samazwi, kanye nemisho eletha ukubona ngeso lengqondo

emicabangweni yethu, njengezifaniso, izingathekiso kanye nokwenzasamuntu:

Okuphinyiswa ngomlomo kuvela emcabangweni kanje: ukubona, umsindoinzwa

ebonakalayo, inzwa ehogelekayo, inzwa yokuthintekayo, inzwa yokunambithekayo

nenzwa yokulalelekayo.

IZIFENGQO

Igama, isigejana samazwi noma umusho:

(1) letha isithombe emqondweni womfundi,

(2) oletha ukubona ngeso lengqondo okungafundeki kanye nokusetshenziswa

kwamagama okungajwayelekile, noma

(3) ukuhleleka kwamagama okukhethekile kuveze okungajwayelekile. Ulimi

Oluqukethe zifengqo ubizwa ngokuthiwa ulimi olunezifengqo bese isithombe

sokubuka ngengqondo.

Izifengqo zinemisebenzi emine ebalulekile:

1. Ziyafanisa

2. Ziyaqhathanisa

3. Ziyathintanisa/ziveza ubudlelwane

4. Ziyateketisa

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IZIBONELO ZEZIFENGQO KUNGABA YILEZI:

Isifenyiso, isifaniso, ihaba, ukubhuqa, ukwenzasamuntu, ukubhinqa, isathaya, indida,

upholavuthondaba, uphawu, umbuzombumbulu, isingathekiso, uvuthondaba
nelithosisi.

1. Isifenyiso: ( Understatement)

Lokhu ukuchaza into enkulu uyenze sengathi yinto encane.

Izibonelo:

Leyo ndoda iyahambahamba ebusuku.

Sathi ukuhamba ibangana elicishe ukuthatha usuku lonke

2. Isifaniso: (Simile)

Lapha kusuke kuqhathaniswa izinto ezimbili ezingafani, kusetshenziswa izakhi

zokufanisa ezilandelayo: njenga-, fana, kuhle, okwa-, nganga-

Izibonelo:

Lo mfana uthothobele kuhle

Le ntaba isandlu

Intombi yakhe injengelanga liphuma

3. Ihaba: (Hyperbole)

Lokhu ukuchaza into uyndise kakhulu kunento eyikho.

Izibonelo:

Libalele likhipha inhlanzi emanzini

Wayengasagijimi wayendiza

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Usakhala izinyembezi zaba yimifula

4. Ukubhuqa: (Sarcasm)

Uma umuntu ebhuqa usho lokho akushoyo kusalele udosi isibuqo siyahlaba
siyalumela kasithandeki

Izibonelo:

Ungaba umfundi ohlakaniphile uma ungase uyeke imbuzi.

Ungazenzela umathanda kodwa kowakho umuzi

Baningi bamenyiwe kodwa bambalwa abayobona umbuso weZulu

5. Inhlwayizane / uhlwayizane (innuendo)

Inhlwayizane ifuze umbhuqo ngokuba nohlwayana oluhlabayo kodwa yona

iyagwegwesa ayibeki ngembaba.

Izibonelo:

Ubengazange abuthi mbibi namuhla uSigubhu kungakho ebenolaka nje Kukhona

oboleke ipeni lami ngisaphumile, bengicela alibuyise Inkulumo yakhe ende yaphetha
ngehlombe elaphaphamisa wonke umuntu

6. Ukwenzasamuntu: (Personification)

Lapha into engaphili inikwa izimpawu noma izenzo zomuntu.

Izibonelo:

Ukufa kuyisela

Umhlaba kawunoni

Intaba Umhlabashane wazi lukhulu

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7. Isingathekiso (Metaphor)

Nalapha kusuke kufaniswa izinto ezimbili ezingefani umehluko ukuthi lokho

okufaniswayo sivele sikugagule ngalokho esikufanisa nako.

Izibonelo:

Intombi kamalume yilanga liphuma

Akeve eyinkomo ebholeni

Inhliziyo yakhe imnyama inenyongo

8. Ukwenzasasilwane: (Animalification)

Lapha into engaphili engesilwane inikwa izimpawu zesilwane.

Izibonelo:

Umshaye wabhonga

Umbhakele walimala

9. Umbhingqo: (Irony)

Kugqanyiswa ubunjalo bento ngokusebenzisa amagama ahlanekezela incazelo.

Izibonelo:

Wazewahlakanipha bo!

Lowo uhembekile ngoba webe imali ekhaya.

Uyasazi isiZulu ngoba ude njalo esheba nesiNgisi

10. Indida:( Paradox)

Lapha kushiwo into eyodwa kodwa kube kuqondwe enye. Amazwi abonakala
kungathi ayaphikisan kantiekujuleni kwawo ayavumelana.

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Izibonelo:

Yisilima lesi sishaya zonke izifundo ngamalengiso.

Ingane inguyise wesintu

Unecala lowo ongenacala.

11. Impikisamqondo ( Oxymoron)

Impikisamqondo ihlanganisa amagama aphikisanayo ukwembula okuthize

Izibonelo:

Le nkosikazi ihlekiswa wukukhala

Isihlangu basiphiwe basilahlile

Wavele wakhaliswa wusizi lwenjabulo

Kwahlwa emini ngalelo langa

12. Isiphikanjani (Litotes)

Lesi sifengqo sikhomba ukuvumisa impela ngokubeka amagama akuphikisayo

ukuvumisa lokho. Inhloso yokubeka igama elinomqondo ophikayo ukuthi
kugcizeleleke ukuvuma

Izibonelo:

Akusilima sindlebende kwabo

Akusoka elamanyala

Akumanga uhubhu lukabhejane

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13. Impindamqondo (Tautology)

Impindamqondo yisifengqo esiphinda umqondo ngamazwi angefani. Inhloso

ukugcizelela okuthize

Izibonelo:

Khamisa umlomo!

Ngizokubonga ngananka amehlo ekhanda

Uthisha usayinde ngesakhe isandla

Ugijime ngazpo zombili izinyawo

14. Uteku / isidlalisamagama: (Pun)

Lapha kusuke kwethulwa inkulumo engahlekisi ngendlela ehlekisayo.Igama lilinye

lisetshenziswa ngezindlela eziveza imiqondo ehlukene

Izibonelo:

Uma usuza lapha uphatha amagwinya.

Indoda ijatshuliswe amabele

Ngiyakuthanda ntombi? Ungithanda ngiyinkatha yini?

15. Isimeleli: (Synecdoche)

Ukubizwa kwento ngegama lento esondelene noma ehambisana nayo.

Izibonelo:

Isikole samphucula wayeka ukuba umdlwembe

UNdunankulu wangena indlu yasukuma yonke

Incwadi yamupha isinkwa

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Umhlaba kawubongi

16. Isiqhathaniso: (Antithesis)

Le yinkulumo enemiqondo emibili eqophisanayo ehlose ukugcizelela ukuqophisana

kwayo.

Izibonelo:

Ifa leziwula lidliwa izihlakaniphi.

Abanye bayakhala, abanye bayabonga ngokwenzekile.

17. Isihlanekezelo: (Metonymy)

Ukubiza umsebenzi wento ngaleyo nto ayisebenzisayo.

Izibonelo:

tshela itekisi ukuthi lingashiyi

wasindiswa ukuveza amazinyo

18. Ifuzamsindo / ifanamsindo: (alliteration/onomatopoeia)

Le nkulumo ikhipha umsindo walokho okwenzekayo .Lapha izinhlamvu zegama

zifuze umsindo owenzeka ngempela empilweni.Ifuzamsindo lihambisana
nesenzukuthi.

Izibonelo:

Bekuwubugunqugunquku kungongaphansi nongaphezulu.

Uphule induku yathi phoqo

Izimpukane zathi bhu phezu kwendle.

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19. Isihlonipho: (Euphemism)

Inhlonipho isho ukusebenzisa igama elithambileyo nelizwakala kamnandi

esikhundleni segamaeliqokeme nelisindayo

Izibonelo:

Umkhahlele ngonyawo ebudodeni bakhe

Isalukazi saguqa ngamadolo ngenkathi sichitha amanzi

Uthisha ubethanda ukuba mnandi emdlalweni wabafundi

20. Isicongo / uvuthondaba: (Climax)

Uma sibhekise emshweni sivame ukukhuluma ngesicongo kanti endabeni sikhuluma

ngovuthondaba. L;Lokhu kusho ukulandelisa izigameko ngokubaluleka kwazo kuze
kufike lapho sithi kusesicongweni,okusho ukuthi esigamekweni esibaluleke kunazo
zonke.

Izibonelo:

Wahlupheka, wasebenza,wathuthuka,wanethezeka.

Ufunde, washada, wazala,wafa.

21. Umbizi: (Apostrophe)

Okhulumayo ubhekisa inkulumo yakhe kumuntu ongekho noma entweni engekho,

siye sithi umuntu/ umlobi ubizaongekho /okungekho

Izibonelo:

Kufa luphi udosi lwakho na?

Liba izindaba zakho kazixoxeki

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Ngangihamba ngiwa ngivuks ebusuku-|O, wena babamkhulu wangilonda.

22. Umbuzombumbulu: (Rhetoric question)

Lona umbuzo onempendulo esobala ngakho ongadingi ukuphendulwa. Umuntu

usuke ewubuza nje ngoba usuke efuna kugcizelela okuthize kulokho okuyimpendulo

Izibonelo:

Usho ngoba ngeke ufe wena?

Ngabe kusawuthando lolu?

Ngeke kuse yini kusasa?

23. Isiqhathaniso ( Antithess)

Lesi sifengqo sigcizelela umehluko emiqondweni emibili noma ezintweni

ezimbili.isiqhathaniso sivame ukuhleleka ngendlela yokuthi umusho ube
nezingxenye eziqophisanayo.

Izibonelo:

Ikhoth’ eyikhothayo, ikhaba eyikhabayo

Lungiphonsa phansi lungiphonse phezulu

Indlala ngapha ,ukugula ngapha

(Zicashunwe: JB Hlongwane,Isilulu Solimi kanye n….)

AMASU OKUSEBENZISA UMISINDO

Ifanamsindo

Lolu wuphawu olungena ngaphansi kwemisindo eyenziwa izinhlamvu zamagama

emshweni noma emshweni eqoqene ndawonye endimeni yenkondlo. Inkondlo leyo
ihlelwa ngobungcweti obunofanangwaqa nofanankamisa.

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a) Ifanankamisa

Umsindo otholakala nkokuphindeka konkamisa abafanayo emigqeni siwubiza

ngokuthi ifanankamisa. Ukuphindeka konkamisa kuzwakala kamnandi kuze kube
sengathi lowo mugqa usamculo.

b) Ifanangwaqa

umsindo wokuphindeka kongwaqa abafanayo emgqeni owodwa. Ikhono

lokuhambisana komsindo wongwaqa nemibono eyethulwa inkondlo noma umugqa
lowo kuletha isigqi esithile.

Impindamqondo

Lapha imbongi yethula imiqondo ehambisanayo, emigqeni

elandelanayo.Kungenzeka ukuthi le miqondo ivumelane noma iphikisane.
Impindamqondo isetshenziswa kakhulu ezibongweni zomdabu. Singalinganisa
ngezibongo zikaSenzangakhona lapho kuthiwa:

Isigqi

Kokunye isigqi singabizwa ngomgqumo. Isigqi sevesi noma somugqa wenkondlo

sisithola ephinjeni okuphinyiswa ngalo amalunga egama emigqeni. Ubude bemigqa
nabo buyasidala isigqa. Ilelo nalelo lunga legama liphinyiswa ngokugcizelela. Lapha
kozophawulwa ngezimpawu eziletha isigqi kanjena: (.) ngaphezu kwelunga legama
lisho umsindo ogcizelelwe; kanti (//) kusho ukuphumula kancane; kanti olunjena (:)
lona lusho umsindo ogcizelelwe.

Ifuzamsindo– Lapha kuphindwaphindwa isiqu sesenzukuthi kuchazwa into ethile.

Isb. Ubukhwishikhwishi

Ubudukluduklu

Ubufohlofohlo njl.

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ITHONI

• Indlela imbongi edlulisa ngayo amazwi ngokusebenzisa iphimbo ngesikhathi ihaya

inkondlo yayo noma ibhala indaba yayo. Okungaba ukukhathazeka, ukuhalalisa,
injabulo njll.

• Iphimbo livezwa indlela amagama asesetshenziswe ngayo imbongi ukuveza

okungaphakathi kuyo njengentukuthelo.

• Imbongi ikhetha amagama akhombisa lokho efuna ukukusho. Indlela amagama

aphimiseke ngayo kungaba nomthelela kumoya wenkondlo

Imifanekiso – mqondo

Amagama athile asetshenziswa imbongi ukusinika umfanekiso noma Isithombe

esithile uma siwafunda enkondlweni . La magama kungaba Yizifengqo , amagama
acebile ongathi uma uwafunda enkondlweni kwakheke Isithombe esithile
emqondweni wakho .Imifanekiso – mqondo ihlukene … umfanekiso – mqondo
ozwakalayo , obonakalayo , othintekayo , onambithekayo kanye nohogelekayo .

Indikimba

Ingumongo wenkondlo . Sibheka ukuthi inkondlo ikhuluma ngani .Lokhu kungaba

igama elilodwa noma amabili .Isibonelo : Indikimba kungaba Uthando , inkolo ,
imfundo , inhlonipho , ezombusazwe njalonjalo .Imbongi isebenzisa amagama athile
noma imifanekisomqondo ekugqamiseni indikimba yenkondlo .

Umoya

Isimo imbongi eyayikuso ibhala inkondlo noma imizwa imbongi eyayikuyo Ibhala
inkondlo . Imbongi ingadlulisa umuzwa owodwa enkondlweni ize iyophela
Kuyenzeka inkondlo ibenemizwa exubile. Inkondlo ingaveza imizwa elandelayo
uthando , ukujabula , ukuncoma , ukugxeka , ukuncenga , ukulangazelela , ukulila ,
ukukhathazeka njalonjalo . Umoya uvezwa amagama noma imifanekisomqondo
esetshenziswe imbongi enkondlweni.

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Umqondo

Ilokho okushiwo inkondlo. Siwuvezelwa amagama asetshenziswe imbongi

Enkondlweni .

Isigqi

Umgqumo othile wenkondlo olethwa umoya wenkondlo , umqondo wenkondlo ,

ukuhleleka kwemisindo namagama , ubude bemigqa kanye nezimpawu zokuloba
Isigqi singashesha noma sinense . Izibonelo : Inkondlo yesililo inesigqi esinensayo
ngoba kuyalilwa . Inkondlo eveza imizwa yenjabulo inesigqi esisheshayo ngoba
kujatshulwe .

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