European Union roaming regulations

The Roaming Regulation 2022 ((EU) 2022/612 (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32022R0612)) bans

Regulation 2022/612
roaming charges (Eurotariff) within the European Economic Area (EEA), which consists of the member states of the European Union,
Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. This regulates both the charges mobile network operator can impose on its subscribers for using European Union regulation
telephone and data services outside of the network's member state, and the wholesale rates networks can charge each other to allow their Text with EEA relevance
subscribers access to each other's networks. The 2012 Regulation was recast in 2022.

Since 2007, the roaming regulations have steadily lowered the maximum roaming charges allowable. In December 2016, the representatives
of the Member States voted to abolish all roaming charges by June 2017[1] which eventually led to the abolition of all roaming charges for
temporary roaming within the EEA as of 15 June 2017.
Title Regulation (EU)
Provisions regulating roaming charges are contained in several regulations: Regulation No 531/2012[2] on roaming on public mobile 2022/612
communications networks within the Union, Regulation 2015/2120[3] and Regulation 2017/920[4] amending it, as well as Regulation
Made by European Parliament &
2016/2286[5] laying down detailed rules on the application of the fair use policy and Regulation 2021/2228[6] setting the weighted average of
Council
maximum mobile termination rates. As regards rules for wholesale roaming market, these are amended by Regulation 2017/920.[7] Originally
Journal [1] (https://eur-lex.euro
due to expire after 30 June 2022, a 10-year extension was agreed upon in April 2022. The current roaming regulation expires after 30 June
reference pa.eu/legal-content/E
2032.[8]
N/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02
Research shows that the ban on roaming charges in 2017 more than doubled mobile data usage among travelers and led to a total consumer 012R0531-20170615)
surplus of €2 billion within the first six months of implementation. The ban was likely overall welfare improving, as consumer gains Other legislation
exceeded the losses incurred by mobile network operators.[9] Replaces Regulation 531/2012
Current legislation
History

Background
The European Commission has often raised the issue of high roaming charges within the European Union. In October 2005, the European Commission launched a consumer website
on roaming tariffs in order to highlight the issue, which included €12 for a 4-minute call.

In 2006, when high roaming charge rates persisted the Commission proposed to intervene in the market by setting maximum rates at which mobile network operators could charge
their subscribers. The proposed regulation was approved by the European Parliament and by the Council of Ministers, and came into law in June 2007. It required capping of retail
and wholesale voice roaming charges from 30 August 2007, unless a special roaming tariff applied. The maximum prices was set to decrease further in 2008 and 2009. The
regulation also required that customers travelling to another member state would receive a text message of the charges that apply for roaming services.[10] Originally the capping
measures were introduced on a temporary basis and were due to expire on 30 June 2010.[11]

The law was amended in 2009 based on a review carried out under the 2007 regulation. The expiry date of the 2007 regulation was extended to 30 June 2012 and was extended to
text messages and data roaming. It also provided for further annual reductions in the price capping until the expiry of the regulation and for compulsory per-second billing after 30
seconds for calls made, and per-second billing throughout for calls received.

Having still found that market conditions did not justify lifting the capping of roaming within the EEA, the EU replaced the law in 2012. Under the 2012 regulation retail roaming
capping charges expired in 2017[12] and wholesale capping charges expired in 2022.[13]

Roam like at home (RLAH)

In 2013 the Commission proposed to establish a single market for electronic communications within the Union and to abolish roaming charges.[14] The proposal was approved by the
European Parliament on 3 April 2014, by a margin of 534 votes to 25. As drafted it would have ended roaming charges from 15 December 2015.[15] The Council of the European
Union has to approve legislation before it can take effect,[16] and ended up rejecting the specifics of the proposed legislation.

Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 which was adopted on 25 November 2015 provided for the phased reduction of roaming charges within the European Union. As a transitional measure,
from May 2016 the existing price capping for roaming within the EEA was replaced by a maximum surcharge for roaming services which may be charged in addition to domestic
charges.[17] This however would not increase the cost of roaming for customers whose domestic rates plus the surcharge resulted in a higher price than the existing price caps.[18] It
reduced the charges for consumers with lower domestic prices or who pay for monthly allowances for using a particular service.

The Regulation also required the commission to submit a report to the European Parliament by June 2016 along with proposed legislative for regulation of the wholesale roaming
market within the EU with a view to eliminating the transitional roaming surcharges by June 2017.[19] Following the proposal made by the commission, the European Parliament and
Member States reached an agreement on 31 January 2017 to set the subsequent wholesale roaming caps from 15 June 2017:[20]

€0.032 per min of voice call,

€0.01 per SMS message,
A step by step reduction over 5 years for data caps decreasing from €7.7/GB (on 15 June 2017) to €6/GB (01/01/2018), €4.5/GB (01/01/2019), €3.5/GB
(01/01/2020), €3/GB (01/01/2021) and €2.5/GB (01/01/2022)
On 8 February 2017 member states' ambassadors endorsed the deal on wholesale caps that put an end to retail mobile roaming charges in the EU on 15 June 2017.[21]

Fair use policy

To prevent misuse (i.e. cheaper tariffs available in the western members to be used constantly in the eastern members where tariffs are higher) a fair-use policy was mandated which
would allow EEA citizens to use their phones while roaming without extra charges for business and leisure, but would still limit the use to prevent misuse and extra costs to mobile
operators.

5 September 2016 proposal (retracted)

The initial proposal for a fair use policy was published on 5 September 2016. It would have limited the amount of free roaming to 90 days in a calendar year and a maximum of 30
consecutive days, after which regulated roaming charges (now in force) would apply. Registering in your home network on a given day would not count that day towards the limit.
The proposal also stated that "the customer should nevertheless be able to consume volumes of such services equivalent to at least the average volume consumed domestically by the
customers of the tariff plan in question", preventing operators from setting low call/data limits.

However, the proposal was hastily withdrawn just a couple of days after being published. Only a note on the commission's web site remained: "An initial draft was published on
5.9.2016. The Commission services have, on the instruction of President Juncker, withdrawn the draft and are working on a new version"[22]).
The proposal was also slammed by the telco lobbyists (GSMA & ETNO) claiming it would have been "..too complex to implement and unclear for consumers." They were inclined
to set the cap lower, believing a "30 consecutive days granted to each consumer within the proposal would have already covered 100% of the needs of the vast majority of European
citizens." Also, legal concerns were cited stating that "In Denmark, for example, the maximum length of a contract is six months, so customers would have been able to 'reset' their
roaming allowance twice a year."

Finally, it was suggested to come up with a new proposal that would be "easy to execute, and effectively prevent arbitrage and distortions on domestic markets" and warning by
quoting the Commission that "Otherwise, network quality and investments in new capacity in some Member States could be affected".[23]

21 September 2016 Press release

A press release issued on 21 September (IP/16/3111[24]) reaffirmed the end of roaming charges in the EU by 2017 stating that "there should be no limits in terms of timing or volume
imposed on consumers when using their mobile devices abroad in the EU." The new mechanism, although not defined in detail, "will be based on principle of residence or stable
links European consumers may have with any EU Member State." (note the "any" – meaning multiple countries). A stable link is defined as: "work commuters, expats who are
frequently present in their home country or Erasmus students." The final proposal was set to be published by 15 December 2016 following feedback from BEREC, Member States
and all interested parties.

Consequences
As mobile operators still have to pay for wholesale charges when subscribers are roaming on other EEA networks, some operators have increased their subscription prices. In
Norway, prices increased by 66% when RLAH was introduced.[25] The same argument was being used by Danish operators. In Denmark several operators increased monthly
subscription prices by 10–20 DKK.[26]

Swedish operator Comviq removed roaming services on its plan "Fastpris mini" 15 June 2017.[27] The operator Hallon is doing the same to its smallest plan "LITEN" starting 1
October 2017.[28] In Denmark, operator Telmore introduced "TELMORE Home" without roaming services, even when travelling to countries outside the EEA.[29] Vodafone UK
introduced "UK-only plans" that disallow roaming altogether.[30] This is possible because, while the Regulation disallows operators from charging extra for roaming when available,
it does not force them to make roaming available in the first place.

Mobile operators in the EEA are also using "loopholes" in the Regulation to retain roaming charges. Operators can continue to impose surcharges if they can substantiate to the
national regulators that they are unable to recover their "actual or projected costs" of providing roaming services.[31]

AGcom, the Italian communications regulator has told Italian operators Vodafone, Telecom Italia and Lycamobile they must comply with all aspects of the roaming regulations, as
they believed some features were not being universally applied.[32] In Sweden, the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority has started investigating whether Comviq is in compliance
with the roaming regulations. For prepaid cards, Comviq requires customers to top up an "EU package" costing approximately twice as much as a domestic one.[33] O2 UK has
admitted it temporarily throttled roaming speeds across Europe following the abolition of roaming charges.[34]

Since Roam like at home was introduced, Telenor Norway have experienced a 150–200 % increase in data usage compared with the same period in 2016. The operator introduced
free roaming in the EEA for most of its subscription plans in 2016, and from February 2016 to February 2017 data usage while roaming in the EEA increased by 900 percent.[35]
Telenor Sweden reports a 1500 % increase in data usage while roaming in the EEA.[36]

Non-roaming charges for international calls/texts

The European Union roaming regulations only regulate prices while the user is roaming. In 2013, the European commission proposed to regulate intra-EEA international calls, but it
was rejected by the European Parliament and Council.[37]

In 2018, the EU Parliament and Council (EU co-legislators) provisionally agreed on a reform of EU telecom rules. According to the provisional deal, the fees for intra-EU calls are
capped to 19 cents for phone calls and 6 cents for text messages by 2019. Once the Parliament and the Council approve the provisional deal, Member States will have two years to
transpose the Electronic Communications Code into national law.[38][39]

According to Regulation (EU) 2018/1971 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018, any retail price (excluding VAT) charged to retail consumers for
regulated intra-EU communications shall, starting 15 May 2019, not exceed:[40]

€0.19 per minutes of voice call,

€0.06 per SMS message.
Business users in some Member States continue to pay the "original" international call rates of up to €1 per minute.[41]

Territorial extent
European Union roaming regulations apply to the 30 members of the European Economic Area; the 27 members of the EU and their
outermost regions[42] plus three EFTA member states Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The EU countries have applied the roaming
regulation since 30 August 2007 while the remaining EEA countries have applied it since 1 January 2008.

Austria Italy
Belgium Latvia
Bulgaria Liechtenstein
Croatia Lithuania
Cyprus Luxembourg
European Union and the European
Czechia Malta
Economic Area
Denmark Netherlands
Estonia Norway
Finland Poland
France Portugal
Germany Romania
Greece Slovakia
Hungary Slovenia
Iceland Spain
Ireland Sweden
On 7 June 2017, Boris Larochevitch, Head of Division of the Eastern Partnership, Regional Cooperation and OSCE – European External Action Service, told Georgia's Public
Broadcaster that the EU plans to abolish roaming fees for the six members of the Eastern Partnership; Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Moldova, and Belarus by 2020.[43]
EU4Digital team stated that Regional Roaming Agreement will gradually reduce roaming prices within the Eastern partner countries. By the end of 2026, retail prices of roaming
services for citizens of the signatory countries are expected to be reduced by 87%.[44]
At the Sofia summit in May 2018, Western Balkan countries agreed to reduce roaming costs among themselves, and the EU pledged to develop a roadmap to reduce the roaming
costs between the EU and the countries in the Western Balkans; Albania, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.[45] In Skopje on 18 February
2019, European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society, Mariya Gabriel confirmed that once the Western Balkans reaches the new agreement on roaming prices among its
economies, the EU stands ready for the reduction of tariffs between the WB and the EU.[46] On 4 April 2019, at the 2nd Western Balkans Digital Summit in Belgrade, the Western
Balkan Ministers for Telecommunications signed the Regional Roaming Agreement which would gradually remove all roaming costs in the region. The agreement came into effect
on 1 July 2019, enabling significantly lower roaming charges in the Western Balkans.[47] Since 1 July 2021, all roaming tariffs have been removed, meaning no surcharge to the
domestic retail price for calls, SMS & data while roaming in Western Balkans, similar to the concept of "Roam like at Home".[48][49][50] The gradual reduction of the roaming costs
between Western Balkans and European Economic Area started 2023, which will eventually lead to a roaming free zone beyond the EEA's borders in 2027.[51]

Areas not covered

The regulations do not apply to areas which are connected to member states but are outside the EU. Saint Martin, an overseas collectivity of France which is part of the EU and has
free roaming for EU phones, while in Sint Maarten, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the other half of the Caribbean island, prices are high, as it is not
part of the EU.

The last member state of EFTA, Switzerland, is not party to the EEA agreement, and is instead linked to the EU by a series of bilateral agreements. Despite close relations with the
EU in several fields, the regulations do not apply to Switzerland. Monaco, Andorra and San Marino have cooperation with the EU, like usage of the euro, but not free roaming.

The United Kingdom left the EU in the end of January 2020.[52] In accordance with the Brexit withdrawal agreement, free roaming was kept during a transition period ending on 31
December 2020. Free roaming UK–EU its no longer guaranteed[53][54][55] as the regulations are contained within a European regulation and not a directive, and have not been
incorporated into UK law.[56] However, some UK mobile providers, such as O2 and Virgin Mobile have continued to allow free roaming for British residents in the EEA after the
end of the Brexit transition period.[57]

Prices

Common limits
All roaming charges for temporary roaming were abolished on 15 June 2017 (fair-use rules apply). The tariffs covering the period from 30 April 2016 are maximum surcharges to
the price paid in the home network.[58]
 30
30 Aug 1 Jul 1 Jul 1 Jul 1 Jul 1 Jul 1 Jul 30 Apr 15 Jun
In force from Aug 1 Jan 2018 1 Jan 2019 1 Jan 2020 1 Jan 2021 1 Jan
2007[a] 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017[b]
2008
30
29 Aug 30 Jun 30 Jun 30 Jun 30 Jun 30 Jun 29 Apr 14 Jun 31 Dec 31 J
In force until Jun 31 Dec 2018 31 Dec 2019 31 Dec 2020 31 Dec 2021
2008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2017 2017 202
2009

Subscription Roaming limits in EEA countries

Service Unit
limit details (all the prices are in euro without VAT)[65][66][67][68][69]

Retail caps (apply to subscribers)

within fair usage home

network home network local rate[d]
price of limit
Outgoing 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.29 0.24 0.19 local
calls to 1 minute
outside fair rate +
any EEA home network local rate + 0.032
usage limit 0.05
number
billing
any Not regulated per second starting from 31st second home network local billing interva
interval

within fair usage

Free
price of limit
Incoming 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.15 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.0114
calls from 1 minute outside fair
0.0108 0.0091 0.0085[e][70] 0.0079[71][72] 0.0076[71][73] 0.0072
any usage limit
number
billing
any Not regulated per second starting from 1st second home network local billing interva
interval

Incoming
calls
price of
redirected any 0.73 0.68 0.62 Free
to voice 1 minute
mail[f]

Outgoing within fair usage home home network local rate[g]

text limit
price of network
message
1 Not regulated 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.06 local
to any
message outside fair rate +
EEA home network local rate + 0.01
usage limit 0.02
number

Incoming
text price of
message 1 any Not regulated Free
from any message
number

within fair usage

home deducted from included data (interne
price of limit[h] network
1 Not regulated 716.80 460.80 204.80
outside fair rate +
gigabyte
51.20 7.70 6.00 4.50 3.50 3.00 2.5
usage limit[i]
Data
transfer billing per 1 kilobyte starting from 1st
any Not regulated home network billing interval
interval kilobyte

monthly
default
any Not regulated 50.00
cut-off
limit

Right to choose an
alternative roaming any Not regulated Yes Not regulated
provider (ARP)[j][75]

Default notification
text message with
any Not regulated Yes
roaming prices and
information

Free number to call

for detailed roaming
any Not regulated Yes
and information
information

Free '112' access in

any Not regulated Yes
roaming

Wholesale caps (Operator to Operator)[7]

Outgoing price of
any 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.22 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.05 0.032
calls to 1 minute
any EEA billing
number any Not regulated per second starting from 31st second
interval

Inbound price of same as termination of a non-roaming call on the visited network, see Termination
any 0.0108[77] 0.0091[l][78][79] 0.0085[m][80][81] 0.0079[72] 0.0076[73] 0.007
calls 1 minute rates.[k]

Outgoing
text
price of
message
1 any Not regulated 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01
to any
message
EEA
number

Incoming
text
message any Not regulated Free
from any
number

price of
1 any Not regulated 1024.00 819.20 512.00 256.00 153.60 51.20 7.70 6.00 4.50 3.50 3.00 2.5
Data gigabyte
transfer
billing
any Not regulated per 1 kilobyte starting from 1st kilobyte
interval

Right to use other any Not regulated Yes

operators' networks in
other Member States
 at regulated
wholesale prices[75]

Past

Legend Active
Future

a. For Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway listed conditions came in force from 1
January 2008.
b. Implementation of the "Roam like at Home" rules. All roaming charges for
temporary roaming were abolished on 15 June 2017[59]
c. New roaming regulation with additional rules entered into force on 1 July
2022, extending RLAH until 2032.[60][61][62][63][64]
d. deducted from included national minutes, if minutes are available in the price
plan
e. from 3 January 2019
f. When incoming calls are redirected to voice mail, operators can charge for
message recording as much as a sum of their tariffs for incoming calls and
outgoing calls back to home country. Beginning on 1 July 2010 operators
cannot charge their roaming customers for the receipt by them of a roaming
voice mail message. Listening to such messages could still be charged as an
outgoing call in the future.
g. deducted from included national messages, if messages are available in the
price plan
h. for price plans that include national data transfer (internet) service, before
reaching included data limit
i. for price plans that include national data transfer (internet) service, after
reaching included data limit AND price plans that do not include national data
transfer (internet) service (e.g. prepaid plans)
j. Customer would have the option to sign for roaming contract, separate from
national mobile services, while keeping the same phone number and SIM
card.
k. The visited network charges the same rate as it would charge for termination
of a non-roaming call. This practice was already required by national
regulators before the EU roaming regulations were implemented, so it is
outside of the scope of this regulation.[76]
l. from 3 January 2018
m. from 3 January 2019

Local price limits

For services paid for in currencies other than the euro, the amount in euro is converted to the other currency using the reference rates published in the Official Journal of the
European Union (OJoEU). After the adoption of EU regulation 531/2012[67] the retail exchange rate to be used for the relevant year should be calculated by taking the average of the
reference exchange rates published in the OJoEU on 1 March, 1 April and 1 May of that year, with the new exchange rate coming into force on 1 July of that year. The wholesale
exchange rate however is taken from only the rate published on 1 May of that year.

From 1 July 2021 the maximum surcharges on retail prices (when not covered by roam like at home, such as when the fair-use policy hits in), including VAT, are as follows in local
currencies (data prices are updated 1 January every year):

Outgoing call Outgoing text message

Country VAT Currency Inbound call Data transfer (/GB)
to any EEA number to any EEA number

Austria 20% EUR

Belgium 21% EUR

Bulgaria 20% BGN

Croatia 25% EUR

Cyprus 19% EUR

Czechia 21% CZK

Denmark 25% DKK

Estonia 20% EUR

Finland 24% EUR

France 20% EUR

Germany 19% EUR

Greece 24% EUR

Hungary 27% HUF

Iceland 24% ISK

Ireland 23% EUR

Italy 22% EUR

Latvia 21% EUR

Liechtenstein 7.7% CHF

Lithuania 21% EUR

Luxembourg 17% EUR

Malta 18% EUR

Netherlands 21% EUR

Norway 25% NOK

Poland 23% PLN

Portugal 23% EUR

Romania 19% RON

Slovakia 20% EUR

Slovenia 22% EUR

Spain 21% EUR

Sweden 25% SEK

 Historical price limits from 1 July 2017 [show]
Outgoing call Outgoing text message
Country VAT Currency Inbound call Data transfer (/GB)
to any EEA number to any EEA number

Austria 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2

Bulgaria 20% BGN 0.0751 0.0253 0.02347 14.0817

Belgium 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Croatia 25% HRK 7.4365 0.1005 0.0930 55.8495

Cyprus 19% EUR 0.0380 0.0128 0.011 7.14

Czech Republic 21% CZK 1.0447 0.3525 0.3264 195.8835

Denmark 25% DKK 0.2974 0.1003 0.0929 55.77

Estonia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2

Finland 24% EUR 0.0396 0.01233 0.0124 9.548

France 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2

Germany 19% EUR 0.0380 0.0128 0.011 7.14

Greece 24% EUR 0.0396 0.01233 0.0124 7.44

Hungary 27% HUF 12.5723 4.2431 3.9288 2357.2927

Iceland 24% ISK N/A[a] N/A[a] N/A[a] N/A[a]

Ireland 23% EUR 0.0393 0.0132 0.0123 7.38

Italy 22% EUR 0.0390 0.0131 0.0122 7.32

Latvia 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Liechtenstein 8% CHF 0.0370 0.0125 0.0115 6.9543

Lithuania 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Luxembourg 17% EUR 0.0374 0.0126 0.011 7.02

Malta 18% EUR 0.0377 0.0127 0.0118 7.08

Netherlands 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Norway 25% NOK 0.3655 0.1233 0.1142 68.5387

Poland 23% PLN 0.1672 0.0546 0.0522 31.365

Portugal 23% EUR 0.0393 0.0132 0.0123 7.38

Romania 19% RON 0.1729 0.0583 0.0540 32.4205

Slovakia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2

Slovenia 22% EUR 0.0390 0.0131 0.0122 7.32

Spain 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Sweden 25% SEK 0.3830 0.1292 0.1197 71.8215

United Kingdom 20% GBP 0.0326 0.0110 0.0102 6.1286

 Historical price limits from 1 July 2018 [show]
Outgoing call Outgoing text message
Country VAT Currency Inbound call Data transfer (/GB)
to any EEA number to any EEA number

Austria 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2

Bulgaria 20% BGN 0.0751 0.0253 0.02347 14.0817

Belgium 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Croatia 25% HRK

Cyprus 19% EUR 0.0380 0.0128 0.011 7.14

Czech Republic 21% CZK

Denmark 25% DKK

Estonia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2

Finland 24% EUR 0.0396 0.01233 0.0124 9.548

France 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2

Germany 19% EUR 0.0380 0.0128 0.011 7.14

Greece 24% EUR 0.0396 0.01233 0.0124 7.44

Hungary 27% HUF

Iceland 24% ISK

Ireland 23% EUR 0.0393 0.0132 0.0123 7.38

Italy 22% EUR 0.0390 0.0131 0.0122 7.32

Latvia 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Liechtenstein 8% CHF

Lithuania 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Luxembourg 17% EUR 0.0374 0.0126 0.011 7.02

Malta 18% EUR 0.0377 0.0127 0.0118 7.08

Netherlands 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Norway 25% NOK 0

Poland 23% PLN

Portugal 23% EUR 0.0393 0.0132 0.0123 7.38

Romania 19% RON

Slovakia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0129 0.012 7.2

Slovenia 22% EUR 0.0390 0.0131 0.0122 7.32

Spain 21% EUR 0.0387 0.0130 0.0121 7.26

Sweden 25% SEK 0.4116 0.1389 0.1286 77.1787

United Kingdom 20% GBP 0.0337 0.0114 0.0105 6.3352

 Historical price limits from 1 July 2019 (data prices from 1 January 2020) [show]
Outgoing call Outgoing text message
Country VAT Currency Inbound call Data transfer (/GB)
to any EEA number to any EEA number

Austria 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0102 0.012 4.20

Belgium 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235

Bulgaria 20% BGN 0.07510 0.0199 0.0234 8.2143

Croatia 25% HRK 0.2969 0.0788 0.0028 32.4830

Cyprus 19% EUR 0.03808 0.010115 0.0119 4.165

Czech Republic 21% CZK 0.9946 0.26419 0.03108 108.7857

Denmark 25% DKK 0.2985 0.0793 0.0932 32.65325

Estonia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0102 0.012 4.20

Finland 24% EUR 0.03968 0.01054 0.0124 4.34

France 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0102 0.012 4.20

Germany 19% EUR 0.03808 0.010115 0.0119 4.165

Greece 24% EUR 0.03968 0.01054 0.0124 4.34

Hungary 27% HUF 13.0045 3.4543 4.0639 1422.3702

Iceland 24% ISK 5.4149 1.4383 1.6921 592.265

Ireland 23% EUR 0.03936 0.010455 0.0123 4.305

Italy 22% EUR 0.03904 0.01037 0.0122 4.27

Latvia 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235

Liechtenstein 7.7% CHF 0.039 0.01036 0.0121 4.2659

Lithuania 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235

Luxembourg 17% EUR 0.03744 0.009945 0.0117 4.095

Malta 18% EUR 0.03776 0.0118354 0.0118 4.13

Netherlands 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235

Norway 25% NOK 0.38738 0.10289781 0.12105625 42.3696875

Poland 23% PLN 0.1691 0.0449 0.05287 18.5059

Portugal 23% EUR 0.03936 0.010455 0.0123 4.305

Romania 19% RON 0.1810 0.0480 0.05657 19.8029

Slovakia 20% EUR 0.0384 0.0102 0.012 4.20

Slovenia 22% EUR 0.03904 0.01037 0.0122 4.27

Spain 21% EUR 0.03872 0.010285 0.0121 4.235

Sweden 25% SEK 0.420232 0.1162412 0.1313225 45.962875

United Kingdom 20% GBP 0.03301 0.008769 0.0103165 3.6107

Exchange rates

Country Currency 1 March 2021 1 April 2021 1 May 2021 Average

Bulgaria BGN 1.95583 1.95583 1.95583 1.95583

Croatia HRK

Czech Republic CZK

Denmark DKK

Hungary HUF

Iceland ISK

Liechtenstein CHF

Norway NOK

Poland PLN

Romania RON

Sweden SEK

Historical exchange rates 2017 [show]

Country Currency 1 March 2017[82] 1 April 2017[83] 3 May 2017[84][b] Average

Bulgaria BGN 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558

Croatia HRK 7.4365 7.4465 7.4570 7.4466

Czech Republic CZK 27.021 27.030 26.893 26.9812

Denmark DKK 7.4332 7.4379 7.4370 7.4360

Hungary HUF 308.25 307.62 312.20 309.356

[a] [a] [a]
Iceland ISK N/A N/A N/A N/A[a]

Liechtenstein CHF 1.0648 1.0696 1.0852 1.0732

Norway NOK 8.8693 9.1683 9.3780 9.1385

Poland PLN 4.3148 4.2265 4.2088 4.2500

Romania RON 4.5202 4.5525 4.5495 4.5407

Sweden SEK 9.5675 9.5322 9.6290 9.5762

United Kingdom GBP 0.85305 0.85553 0.84520 0.8512

 Historical exchange rates 2018 [show]

Country Currency 1 March 2018[85] 3 April 2018[86][c] 2 May 2018[87] Average

Bulgaria BGN 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558

Croatia HRK 7.4505 7.4428 7.41 7.4344

Czech Republic CZK 25.418 25.462 25.542 25.474

Denmark DKK 7.4465 7.4513 7.4501 7,4493

Hungary HUF 313.93 312.51 313.55 313.33

Iceland ISK 123.70 121.50 122.20 122.4666

Liechtenstein CHF 1.1520 1.1801 1.1968 1.1763

Norway NOK 9.6153 9.6423 9.6620 9.6398

Poland PLN 4.1781 4.2072 4.2264 4.2039

Romania RON 4.6630 4.6525 4.6614 4.6589

Sweden SEK 10.0923 10.28 10.4993 10.2905

United Kingdom GBP 0.88415 0.87605 0.8796 0,8799

Historical exchange rates 2019 [show]

Country Currency 1 March 2019[88] 1 April 2019[89] 1 May 2019[90] Average

Bulgaria BGN 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558

Croatia HRK 7.4275 7.4338 7.4130 7.4247

Czech Republic CZK 25.601 25.802 25.659 25.6873

Denmark DKK 7.4611 7.4652 7.4646 7.4636

Hungary HUF 315.96 321.05 322.97 319.9933

Iceland ISK 135.70 137.50 136.20 136.4666

Liechtenstein CHF 1.1335 1.1181 1.1437 1.1317

Norway NOK 9.7268 9.6590 9.6678 9.6845

Poland PLN 4.3089 4.3006 4.2868 4.2987

Romania RON 4.7434 4.7608 4.7596 4.7546

Sweden SEK 10.4844 10.3980 10.6350 10.5058

United Kingdom GBP 0.85835 0.85830 0.86248 0.85971

Historical exchange rates 2020 [show]

Country Currency 3 March 2020[91][d] 2 April 2020[92][e] 5 May 2020[93][f] Average

Bulgaria BGN 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558 1.9558

Croatia HRK 7.4853 7.6305 7.5735 7.5631

Czech Republic CZK 25.475 27.553 26.978 26.669

Denmark DKK 7.4730 7.4661 7.4612 7.4668

Hungary HUF 336.68 363.73 350.27 350.23

Iceland ISK 142.90 155.30 159.30 152.50

Liechtenstein CHF 1.0646 1.0551 1.0525 1.0574

Norway NOK 10.3328 11.2345 11.1730 10.9134

Poland PLN 4.3166 4.5697 4.5316 4.4726

Romania RON 4.8087 4.8320 4.8260 4.8222

Sweden SEK 10.5590 10.9265 10.6980 10.7278

United Kingdom GBP 0.87010 0.87738 0.87060 0.87269

a. In October 2008, the financial crisis of 2007–2008 brought about a collapse of the Icelandic banking sector. The value of the Icelandic króna dropped, and on 7
October 2008 the Icelandic Central Bank attempted to peg it at 131 against the euro. This peg was abandoned the next day. The króna later dropped again and
to 340 against the euro before trade in the currency was suspended (by comparison, the rate at the start of 2008 was about 90 krónur to the euro). After a period
of tentative, very low-volume international trading in the króna, activity had been expected to pick up again throughout November 2008, albeit still with low
liquidity, as Iceland secured an International Monetary Fund loan. However, as of January 2009 the króna was still not being traded regularly, with the ECB
reference rate being set only intermittently, the last time on 3 December 2008 at 290 króna per euro.
b. No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 May 2017.
c. No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 April 2018.
d. No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 March 2020.
e. No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 April 2020.
f. No reference rates published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJoEU) on 1 May 2020.

Method of calculating
As the VAT rates and currencies vary across the EEA, the European Commission publishes price caps in euro and excluding VAT. So the final prices for each country can be
calculated by adding the corresponding VAT rate and converting to the currency of the country (if non-euro).

For countries using the euro For countries using currency other than euro

where
is European Commission maximum allowed tariff without VAT in euro
is Value Added Tax rate for specified country, given in per cent
is Exchange rate for specified country published by ECB
In order to avoid double taxation, non-taxation or the distortion of competition, an EU member state may, in accordance with Article 9(3)(a) of Council Directive 77/388 ("the Sixth
VAT Directive") (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1977L0388:20060101:EN:PDF), include within the scope of its national VAT any
telecommunications services used within its territory but billed outside the EU VAT area. When opting to do so, it must also exempt from its national VAT any roaming services
supplied by home networks within its territory but used outside the EU VAT area. The inclusion of telecommunications within the scope of Article 9 was requested by the former EU
member state United Kingdom.[94] Consequently, when an EU member state makes this VAT exemption, roaming on networks in Åland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, the Canary
Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and French overseas departments is subject to the price caps with no VAT applied, because these countries and territories are within the EEA but outside the
EU VAT area.

Rounding
The charge limits for the Eurotariff and the wholesale average charge should be calculated to the maximum number of decimal places permitted by the official exchange rate. This
sets the maximum that can be charged in the national currency. Providers may wish in practice to quote charges in whole numbers of currency units, especially at the retail level,
although this in practice is not compulsory. In this case, the numbers should be rounded down. Rounding up of these numbers to above the level of the relevant cap is not permitted
under any circumstances.[95][96]

See also
Digital Single Market
Roaming
Telecommunications in Europe
Regional Roaming Agreement

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which includes the abolition of all roaming charges.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Union_roaming_regulations&oldid=1211845512"
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