Collins' Research

Background to the study deals with independent variables

History of the independent variable, can start from the present, back to history, then back to present,
then maybe future, where it should be.

Start with historical facts, and bring it to the present state of knowledge.

Chapters 1-3, cite your source. Always use current info for your citation. At most 5 years from now.
Background to the study should be at least 3-4 pages

Increasing csr money to reduce tax

Statement of problem deals with dependent variables.

You can cite what you said in your background to further buttress your point in your statement of
problem but avoid repetition.

The aim answers the why.

Descriptive objective does not require hypothesis. Objectives not leading to the formulation of
hypothesis.

Inferential objectives must have hypothesis. It leads to the formulation of hypothesis. It'll show the
independent and dependent variables.

Don't merge objectives. Start another one instead.

You must have an inferential objective, but it's not necessary to have a descriptive research.

Your research question is a direct replica of your objectives, but in form of a question. And it is a match
to your objectives in their direct orders. Don't ask a yes or no question.

Your hypothesis for your research project must be stated in a null form. Negative.

Csr does not have a significant effect on firm performance. My null hypothesis.

Your first hypothesis is your first inferential objective.

Significance of the study

Should be discussed in line with the achievement of your study.

The findings from the factors that affect profitabilities could be useful/influence managers, and students
in writing their project.

Limitation maybe what limited the extent to which you would've loved to do your research. Delimitation
is you saying you're not interested in a particular area.

Scope and limitation, not delimitation, Cos scope and delimitation are believed to be the same. Scope is
picking a particular area.

You must justify why you have limited your study to that area. Never use time as your limitation. Funds,
materials, current literatures, data are good limitations. Must scope your work.

Operational Definition of terms: Key terms you have used in your work. Not dictionary meaning. Define
the way it is used in your work.
Chapter Two

Preamble is just to introduce a chapter. What you're expecting to see in a chapter. You use it in chapters
2, 3, 4, 5.

This is where you talk about history of your independent variable (CSR).

Don't write too many concepts, 3-4 concepts, not pages. Just the key ones.

Theoretical framework is why you're doing the topic in the first place. One theory is enough if it is
discussed properly. Use two at most.

Four things to do;

- Identify the theory supporting your work. (Stakeholder theory for csr or the Value linking chain)

- State who propounded the theory.

- Identify researchers that have used the theories in their work.

- How does the theory support your work?

Maybe it helps you measure your variable, or link your variables. 1½ page is enough. But discuss how it
supports your work.

Empirical review is reviewing similar researches in your area. Tell us what the study investigates. Tell us
the Methodology, and the method applied. How did it help you??

Gap in literature: the data used is small, the method they used is different from yours, study in
developed countries, disagreement among scholars.

Conceptual framework is a diagrammatic representation of your work. A diagram to show how your
study relates with one another. How your hypothesis relate. You can bring in new terms.

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