Assignment -6

Study and Implementation of

 Group By & having clause
 Order by clause
 Indexing

SQL Group By
The SQL GROUP BY clause is used in collaboration with the SELECT statement to
arrange identical data into groups.
The GROUP BY clause follows the WHERE clause in a SELECT statement and precedes the
ORDER BY clause.

Syntax:
The basic syntax of GROUP BY clause is given below. The GROUP BY clause must
follow the conditions in theWHERE clause and must precede the ORDER BY clause if one

SELECT column1, column2

FROM table_name
WHERE [ conditions ]
GROUP BY column1, column2
ORDER BY column1, column2
is used.

Example:
Consider the CUSTOMERS table having the following records:

+ + + + + +
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+ + + + + +
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+ + + + + +

Q.1 Write a query to display NAME, SALARY from CUSTOMER table

group by NAME

The INDEX is used to create and retrieve data from the database very quickly.
Index can be created by using single or group of columns in a table. When index is
created, it is assigned a ROWID for each row before it sorts out the data.

Proper indexes are good for performance in large databases, but you need to be
careful while creating index. Selection of fields depends on what you are using in
your SQL queries.

Example:
 For example, the following SQL creates a new table called CUSTOMERS and adds five
columns:
CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS(

ID INT NOT NULL,

NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,

AGE INT NOT NULL,

ADDRESS CHAR (25) ,

SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),

PRIMARY KEY (ID)

);

Now, you can create index on single or multiple columns using the following syntax:

CREATE INDEX index_name

ON table_name ( column1, column2. ... );

Q. 1 Write a SQL query to create to create an INDEX on AGE

column from CUSTOMER table to optimize the search on customers
for a particular age.

SQLORDERBY Clause

The SQL ORDER BY clause is used to sort the data in ascending or

descending order, based on one or more columns. Some database sorts query results in
ascending order by default.

Syntax:
The basic syntax of ORDER BY clause is as follows:

SELECT column-list
FROM table_name
[WHERE condition]
[ORDER BY column1, column2, .. columnN] [ASC | DESC];

You can use more than one column in the ORDER BY clause. Make sure whatever
column you are using to sort,that column should be in column-list.

Example:
 Consider the CUSTOMERS table having the following records:

+ + + + + +
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+ + + + + +
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+ + + + + +

Following is an example, which would sort the result in ascending order by NAME and SALARY:

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS

ORDER BY NAME, SALARY;

This would produce the following result:

+ + + + + +

| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |

+ + + + + +
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
+ + + + + +

Following is an example, which would sort the result in descending order by NAME:

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS

ORDER BY NAME DESC;

This would produce the following result:

+ + + + + +
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+ + + + + +
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
+ + + + + +

Q.1 Perform all ORDER BY clause to sort Customer table in Ascending and
descending order.