Rizal’s Life:

er Ed uc at io n And
High
lif e A br oa d
 EDUCATION

Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo

De Manila (1872- 1877)

Medical Studies at the

University of Santo Thomas
(1887-1882)
 Life Abroad
Travel in Spain ( 1882- 1885)
Paris to Berlin (1885- 1887)
Rizal Grand Tour of Europe with
Viola (1887)
In Hong Kong and Macao (1888)
Romantic Interlude in Japan (1888)
Rizal’s Visit to the United
States(1888)
Rizal in London (1888-1889)
In Belgian Brussels (1890)
Misfortune in Madrid (1890-1891)
Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly
Boustead (1891)
El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent (1891)
Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong (1891-
1892)
Last Trip Abroad (1896)
RIZAL’S Higher
EDUCATION
 Scholastic Triumphs at
Ateneo De Manila (1872- 1877)
Rizal entered in 1872
Under Jesuit system of Education
Ateneo Municipal- a college under supervision of the Spanish Jesuits
Escuala Pia ( Charity School)- formerly name of Ateneo, a school for poor boys in manila which
was established by the city government in 1817
June 10, 1872 - Rizal accompanied by Paciano went to Manila
Father Magin Ferrando - was the college registrar, refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two
reasons
Manuel Xeres Burgos - nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted at the
Ateneo
Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname “Rizal”. He registered under this name
at Ateneo because of their family name “ Mercado” had come under the suspicion of the
Spanish Authorities
Rizal was first boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo Street. This was owned by a
spinster named Titay who own the Rizal family the amount of 300 pesos
To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College
Rizal’s First in
Ateneo Second Year in Ateneo
(1872-1873) (1873- 1874)

June 1872, his first day of

class in Ateneo He became “Emperor”

Fr. Jose Bech, Rizal’s first At the end of the school year, Rizal received
professor in the Ateneo excellent grades in all subjects and a gold
medal
Third Year in Ateneo
(1874- 1875)

Rizal did not make an excellent showing in

his studies as in the previous year

His grades remained excellent in all

subjects, but he won only one medal, in
Latin

He failed to win the medal in spanish

 Fourth Year in Ateneo
(1875- 1876)

June 16, 1875, Rizal became an interno in the Ateneo.

Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, one of his professor this time and a great educator
and scholar. He inspired the young Rizal to study harder and to write poetry.
Rizal had the highest affection and respect for Father Sanchez, whom he considered
his best professor in Ateneo.
Rizal was top of all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals at the end of
the school term.
 Last Year in Ateneo
(1876- 1877)

His studies continued to fare well. as a matter of fact, he excelled in all subjects.
Rizal was the most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was truly “the pride of jesuits”

Rizal Finished his last year at the Ateneo in a blaze of Glory.

He obtained the highest grades in all subjects- Philosophy, physics, biology, chemistry,
languages, mineralogy, etc.
Rizal graduated with Highest Honor
He graduated on March 23, 1877 (16 years old)
 Extra - Curricular Activities
in Ateneo

He was an active in extra- curricular activities.

An “emperor” inside the classroom and he was a campus leader
outside.
He was an active member, of a religious society, the “ Marian
Congregation”.
Rizal was also a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature
and the Academy of Natural Sciences.
 Medical Studies at the University of
Santo Thomas
(1877- 1882)

After finishing the first year course in Philosophy and Letters (1877- 1878), Rizal
transferred to the Medical Course.
April 1877 - Rizal who was then nearly 16 years old, matriculated in the University of Santo
Tomas, taking the course on Philosophy and Letters.
During his first term in 1877-1878 in UST, he studied Cosmology. Metaphysics, Theodicy and
History of Philosophy.
 Medical Studies at the University of
Santo Thomas
(1877- 1882)
• Father Pablo Ramon-Rector of Ateneo, who had been good to him during his student days in college, asking for
advice on the choice of a career but unfortunately he was in Mindanao

• It was during the following term (1878-1879) that Rizal, having received the Ateneo Rector's advice to study
medicine

• During Rizal's first school term in the University of Santo Tomas (1877- 1878), Rizal also studied in Ateneo. He took
the vocational course leading to the title of Perito Agrimensor (expert surveyor)

• Rizal excelled in all subjects in the surveying course in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals in agriculture and topography

November 25, 1881 - the title was issued to Rizal for passing the final examination in the surveying course
RIZAL’S LIFE ABROAD
Secret Mission in Spain
(1882 - 1885)

to observe keenly the life and culture. languages and customs.

industries and commerce, and governments and laws of the European
nations. In order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating
his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny.
SECRET DEPARTURE IN SPAIN

• Rizal's departure in Spain was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spain Authorities and the friars.

• Even his own parents were unaware of his secret mission in Spain, as he knew they would not allow him
to go.

BEFORE OF RIZAL'S SECRET DEPARTURE:

He wrote a farewell letter to his beloved parents and another one for his sweetheart Leonor Rivera,
it was both delivered shortly after he sailed away.

MAY 03, 1882

Rizal boarded the Spanish streamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.

RIZAL IN SINGAPORE

On May 8, 1882 during his way to Singapore, Rizal saw a beautiful island called "Talim
Island with the Susong Dalaga"

On May 9, 1882, Rizal landed in Singapore and registered at Hotel de la Paz and spent
two days on a sightseeing soiree of the city, which was a colony of England.

During his stay, Rizal visited the famous Botanical Garden, the beautiful Buddhist temple,
the busy shopping district and the statue of Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles (founder of
Singapore.
Rizal Life in Barcelona
and Madrid

During his summer vacation in Spain, he was able to travel and meet some of the
Filipinos who live in the city.
Rizal wrote an essay about how much he loves and misses his homeland.
El Amor Patrio (Love of Country)
It was the title of his first Nationalistic Essay, which he wrote in Barcelona. This
was also the first Manila bilingual newspaper (SPANISH AND TAGALOG).
On August 20, 1882
His essay was published in Dariong Tagalog and was translated into Tagalog by
Marcello H. Del Pilar.
On November 3, 1882

Rizal was enrolled in UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID under the course of Medicine
and Philosophy and Letters.

While waiting for classes to begin in Madrid, he enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts of
San Fernando for painting and traveled to various historical sites and museums. Because of
his involvement in various lessons and the difficulty.

During his stay in Madrid, Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino. It is a group of Filipinos
and Spaniards who want the government to reform. He wrote Mi Piden Versos, a poem
about the sadness of an artist's son who lives in a place far from his origin
Aside from his studies and other art lesson, he had the
opportunity to meet Consuelo Ortiga Y Perez, the daughter
of Don Pablo who is the mayor of Manila.

Rizal was fell inlove with Consuelo, but because Eduardo de

Lete was courting Consuelo, he did not pursue his feelings
for Consuelo and instead he wrote a poem which showed his
admiration to this lady.
Rizal in Paris
(1883)

On July 17, 1883

Rizal travelled to Paris and visited the different tourist spot in the City.
The museum, the Opera house, Cathedral of Notre Dame, Boise de
Boulogne, Madelaine Church, the Column of Verdome, the Invales and the
libraries. He had also the opportunities to visit some restaurants in Paris.
In a letter to his family, he stated that "Paris is Europe's
most expensive capital."
He could not afford the high cost of living in Paris so he
decided go back to Madrid.
RIZAL AS A MASON
Rizal was impressed by how openly and freely the Spanish Masons criticize. government
policies and lambasted the friars, something that could not be done in the Philippines.

MARCH 1883
He became a member of the Masonic lodge known as "ACACIA."
His motivation for becoming a mason is to enlist the aid of Freemasonry in his
fight against the friars in the Philippines.
NOVEMBER 15, 1890
Rizal became a Mason leader after he transferred to Lodge Solidaridad.
FEBRUARY 15, 1892
Le Grand Orient de France in Paris conferred the Master Mason diploma on Rizal.
 In Gay Paris
(1885-1886)
After Rizal completing his studies at the Central University of Madrid at the
age of 24 and already a physician, he also traveled to Paris to further his
knowledge in Opthalmology.
NOVEMBER 1885
Rizal was living in Paris, where he sojourned for about four months.
He worked as Dr. Louis de Weckert's assistant.

November 1885 to February 1886

Rizal was a well-known French ophthalmologist.

January 1, 1886

He wrote a letter to his parents The letter revealed that Rizal

was rapidly improved his knowledge of opthalmology.

February 1,1886

After acquiring enough experienced as an opthalmologist in

Dr. Weckert's Clinic, Rizal reluctantly left Gay Paris.
 Rizal's Grand Tour of Europe
with Dr. Viola (1887)

On May 11. 1887- Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train: Their next destination was
DRESDEN. "one of the best cities in Germany".

DresDen
They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer.
Rizal was deeply impressed by a painting of "Prometheus Bound".
They met Dr. Feodor Jagor, they plan to visit Leitmeritz to see Blumentritt. -
Teschen (Now Decin, Czechoslovakia) was their stop- over after leaving Dresden. Rizal
and Viola sent a wire to Blumentritt, suggested by Dr. Jagor.
FIRST MEETING WITH BLUMENTRITT
At this train station, Rizal arrived from Germany.

On May 13, 1887, at 1:30 p.m. Rizal and Viola on board, arrived at the railroad
station of Lietmeritz (Litomerice), Bohemia. Professor Blumentritt carried a
sketch of Rizal to identify his Filipino friends. He warmly received Rizal and
Viola.
Rizal and Blumentritt met in person and greeted each other in fluent German
Blumentritt loved Rizal as his son because of his talents.
Blumentritt, helped two tourists get a room at Hotel Krebs. They stayed in
Leitmeritz from May 17, 1887
 Prague

They met Dr. Wellkomm a Professor of University of Prague.

Rizal and Viola visited the Tomb of Copernicus, the famous astronomer, the
museum of natural history, bacteriological laboratories, famous cave where San
Juan Nepomuceno, the Catholic Saint was imprisoned and many more.

Vienna
May 20, they went to Vienna "the Queen of Danube".
They met Norfenfals, one of the greatest novelist in Europe.
Rizal and Viola stayed in Hotel Metropole.
Danubian Voyage to
Lintz
May 24, Rizal and Viola left
Geneva
Vienna on a river boat to see
the beautiful sights of Rizal and Viola left on a little
Danube River. boat, went to Foggy Leman
Next, they went to Lake to Geneva. The beautiful
Stuttgart, Baden and then city in
Rheinfall. They saw the June 19, 1887 Rizal treated
waterfall "the most beautiful Viola in his 26th Birthday.
waterfall in Europe.
 TRIP TO HONG KONG
FEBRUARY 03,1888
After six months on the Zafiro board, Rizal left Calamba.

FEBRUARY 07,1888
Rizal did not leave his ship during a brief stopover in Amoy for three reasons.
He was not feeling well
It was raining hard
He heard that the City is dirty
FEBRUARY 08,1888
Rizal arrived in Hong Kong, which was then a British colony.
IN HONG KONG
Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel.
Some of the Filipino residents welcomed Rizal, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino
Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (the son of Francisco Yriarte, Alcalde Mayor of Laguna).
Jose Varanda was following Rizal's movements in Hong Kong at the time. He is thought
to have been ordered to spy on Rizal.

ACCORDING TO RIZAL:
Hongkong was small but clean.
So many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Jews and Chinese.
February 16, 1888
Rizal expressed his bitterness in a letter written in Blumentritt.
They forced Rizal to leave the country while he was still sick.
Lieutenant Taviel de Andrade help him, as well as Governor-General Terrero. .
Dominicans witnessed Rizal holding secret meetings with men and women on top of a hill.
Rizal was given money by countrymen in order for him to leave.

FebRuary 19, 1888

Rizal witnessed a Catholic procession in which devotees were dressed in
blue and purple dresses and carried unlighted candles.
DURING A 2-WEEK STAY IN HONG KONG

Rizal studied Chinese life, language, drama and customs.

RIZAL EXPERIENCES
Noisy Celebration of Chinese New Year(February 11-13)
Rizal fired many firecrackers on the window of his hotel.
Boisterous Chinese Theatre with noisy audience and noisier music.
Rizal Experienced the Marathon Lauriat Party where guests were served
numerous dishes such as dried fruits, geese. shrimps. century eggs. etc. It was
also called the longest meal in the World.
Rizal was well aware that the DOMINICAN ORDER was the
wealthiest religion in Hong Kong. It had millions of dollars
deposited in banks, which earned a fantastic interest rate on
the Hongkong Cemeteries belonging to Protestants, Catholics,
and Muslims.

(Departure from Hongkong)

February 22, 1888

Rizal boarded the Oceanic, an American steamer, and left

Hongkong.
TRIP TO JAPAN AND SHORT
ROMANCE WITH O-SEI-SAN
One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his sojourn in the Land of
the Cherry Blossoms for one month and a half (February 28 - April 13, 1888). He
was enchanted by the natural beauty of Japan, the charming manners of the
Japanese people, and the picturesque shrines.

Rizal Arrives in Yokohama

February 28, 1888 (Tuesday morning)- Rizal arrived in
Yokohama. He registered at the Grand Hotel. March 2-7-
Rizal proceeded to Tokyo and took a room at Tokyo Hotel.
 RIZAL IN TOKYO
During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal was embarrassed because they did not know the
Japanese language. He looked like japanese but he could not talk Japanese, Rizal
studied Japanese language and he was able to speak it within a few days.

Rizal was visited at his hotel by Juan Peres
Caballero, secretary of the Spanish Legation.
The latter invited him to live at the Spanish
legation, Macae is a Portuguese colony near
Hong Kong Spanish diptomatic authorities were
Matracted frann Manila to monitor his
movements in Japan.
He accepted the invitation for tare masons:
(1) he could economics his living expenses by
staying at the legation and
(2) he had nothing to hide from the prying eyes
of the Spanish authorities
 RIZAL'S IMPRESSION OF JAPAN
Rizal was favorably impressed by japan he was a keen observer taking copious
notes on the life, customs, and culture of the people. He was no silly, lightheaded
tourist who merely enjoys attractive sights that appealed only to the senses

TUNES WHICH FAVORABLY IMPRESSED RIZAL IN JAPAN WERE:

1. The beauty of the country its flowers, mountains, streams, and scenic panoramas.
2. The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the japanese people
3. The picturesque dress and simple charm of the japanese women
4. There were very few thieves in japan so the houses remained open day and night and in the hotel
room, one could safely leave money on the table
5. Bears were rarely seen in the city streets unlike in Manila and other cities
 ROMANCE WITH O-SEI-SAN
O-Sei-San (Seiko Usui) - A samurai's daughter, 23
years old, and a pretty Japanese girl whom Rizal O-Sei-San helped Rizal in many ways. More than
was attracted by her regal loveliness and charm. a sweetheart, she was his guide, interpreter, and
Rizal and O-Sei-San, as Rizal called her, met almost tutor. She guided him in observing the shrines and
daily. Together, they visited the interesting spots of villages around Tokyo. She improved his knowledge
the city - the Imperial Art Gallery, The Imperial of Nippongo (Japanese language) and Japanese
Library, the universities, the Shokubutsu-en
history.
(Botanical Garden), the city parks (particularly
Rizal's great love for O-Sei-San is attested by the
Hibiya Park), and the picturesque shrines.
hero's diary.
Rizal saw in lovely O-Sei-San the qualities of his
ideal womanhood - beauty, charm, modesty, and
With this tenderly tragic entry in his own diary,
intelligence. No wonder he fell deeply in love with Rizal bade farewell to lovely OSei-San.
her
 TRIP TO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(1888)
His arrival in the country was ruined by
racial prejudice.
He documented what he observed during
his trip from Francisco to New York.
Saturday morning, April 28, 1888, Rizal
docked in San Francisco. Authorities did
not let the passengers land for one week
because of a rumored cholera outbreak.
May 4, 1888 when Rizal registered
at the first class hotel in the city
called Palace hotel, he stayed there
for three days.
On May 7 to May 13, 1888, Rizal
stayed at Nevada, Chicago.
On May 13 to May 16, 1888, Rizal
went to New York and stayed to "The
big town"
 RIZAL IN LONDON (1888-1889)

Rizal's Reason for Staying:

To improve his knowledge on the English language
To study and annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny

✓ While in London, he wrote articles for La Solidaridad, To the Young women of Malolos
and completed annotating Morga's Book.
RIZAL ENGAGED IN:
Filipiniana studies
Completed annotating Morga's book.
Wrote many articles for La
Solidaridad in defense of his people
against Spanish critic.
Pinned a famous letter "To the young
women of Malolos".
Carried voluminous correspondence
with Blumentritt and relatives, and
Romance with Gertrude Beckett
TRIP ACROSS THE
ATLANTIC
Rizal was on board the "City of Rome"
While on board, Rizal entertained the American
and European passengers with his marvelous skill
of the yo-yo as a defensive weapon
Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England on May 24,
1888 .
He spent his night at Adelphi Hotel
"Liverpool", he wrote to his family, "is a big
and beautiful city and its with celebrated port
is worthy of its great fame. The entrance is
magnificent and the customhouse is quite
good".
LIFE IN LONDON
On May 25, 1888 went to London.
He stayed as a guest at home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, and exile of 1872 and practicing lawyer
in London.
By the end of May, he was a boarder of the Beckett family
Mr. Beckett, an organist at St. Paul Church
Mrs. Beckett, his wife
His three son's and four daughters the eldest of the sister was Gertrude ("Gettie"/"Tottie")
Rizal came to know Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the
authority on Malayan Languages and Customs
He called Rizal, "A pearl of a man" (una perla de hombre)
Rizal spent of his time the British Museum
 NEWS FROM HOME,
GOOD AND BAD
The bad news were injustices commits by Spanish authorities on the Filipino people and
the Rizal family. Among which were as follows: Persecution of Filipino patriots who signed
the "Anti-Friar Petition of 1888" Persecution of Calamba tenants, including Rizal's family
and relatives Furious attack on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida Rizal's brother-in-
law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, was exiled to Bohol without due process of Law A friend of Rizal,
Laureno Viado, was jailed in Bilibid prison, because copies of "Noli Me Tangere" were found
in his house
One good news cheered Rizal And that was Rev. Vicente Garcia's defense of the Noli
against the attack of the friars
ANNOTATING MORGA'S BOOK

The greatest achievement of Rizal was annotating

of Morga's Book, Sucesos De Los Islas Filipinas
which was publish in Mexico, 1609.
Rizal laboriously read the old histories of the
Philippines written by Fr. Chirino, Fr. Colin, Fr.
Argensola, Fr. Plasencia.
 SHORT VISIT TO PARIS AND SPAIN

Early September 1888, he visited Paris for a

week.
He sent Christmas gifts to his friends:
He was entertained in this gay French
metropolis by Juan Luna and his wife, Paz
Prado de Tavera. To Blumentritt: bust of Emperor of Augustus
On December 11, 1888, he went to Spain, To Dr. Carlos Czepelak, a bust of Julius Caesar
visiting Madrid and Barcelona: He met To Rizal's landly, Mrs. Beckett a book entitled
Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce. "The Life and the Adventures of Valentine Vox,
Rizal returned to London on December 24 The Ventriliquist"
and spent Christmas and New Year with the
Beckett Family.
ROMANCE WITH GERTRUDE BECKETT
Rizal had a romantic interlude with the oldest of the four Beckett sisters, Gertrude, Gettie as she was
affectionally called was a Buxom English girl with brown hair, blue eyes and rosy cheeks
Rizal eventually called the finish 4 sculptural work: Prometheus Bound The Triumph of Death over life
Triumph of science over death A composite carving of the Beckett sisters (The last name carving was a
farewell gift to the Beckett sisters)

Adios to London
Suddenly on March 19,1889, Rizal bade goodbye to the kink Beckett Family (particularly to Gertrude)
and he left in London for Paris
He was sad as he crossed the English channel for he cherished so many beautiful memories of
London
IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS
(1890)
When Rizal moved to Brussel, he lived in a modest boarding house on 38 Rue Philippine Champagne
accompanied by Jose Albert, who later on left the city and was replaced by Jose Alejandro.
During his stay in the city, Rizal was busy writing his second novel which was the continuation of Noli.
Aside from this, he also writes articles for La Solidaridad and letters to his family and friends,
As a physician, Rizal spent part of his time in a medical clinic.
For recreation, Rizal had gymnastics at the gymnasium and target practice and fencing at the armory.
As early as in September, 1886, when he was in Leipzig, Rizal adopted the Filipinized Tagalog orthography
in his Tagalog translations of Schiller's Wilhelm Tell and Andersen's Fairy Tales and again used it in his
first novel Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887).
While Rizal was in Brussels, his article entitled "Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala" (The new
Orthography of the Tagalog Language) was published in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1890.
Rizal received bad news from home, the letter said that Calamba Agrarian reform was
getting worse. The sad news from home depressed Rizal. His heart bled to know the sorrow
of his parents, brothers and brother-in-laws.
In the face of suffering which afflicted his family, Rizal planned to go home. He could not
stay in Brussels writing a book, while his family in the Philippine were persecuted.
All his friends including Blumentritt, Jose Ma. Basa and Ponce were horrified by Rizal's
decision. They warned him of the danger that awaited him from home but he ignored it.
A letter from Paciano changed his mind, it tells that they lost the case against the
Dominicians in Manila, but they appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain but a lawyer is
needed to handle it in Madrid.
Rizal announced that he was leaving Brussels at the beginning of the following month and
would arrive in Madrid about the 3rd or 4th.
MISFORTUNE IN MADRID
(1890-1891)

Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid. He tried all legal means to seek justice
for his family and Calamba tenants, but to no avail.
On top of his misfortunes, his fiance for eleven years, Leonor Rivera married a British
engineer. That unfortunate event broke his heart.
Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately sought the help of Filipino colony, the
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina and the Liberal Spanish newspaper (La Justicia, El Globo, La
Republica, El Resumen, etc.) in securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants,
including his family.
Failure to Get Justice for
Family
Together with M. H. Del Pilar ( who acted as his lawyer) and Dr. Dominador Gomez
(Secretary of the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina) he called on the Minister of Colonies
(Senior Fabie) in order to protest in the injustices committed by Governor General
Valeriano Weyler and the Dominicans against the Calamba folks.
Nothing came out with Rizal's interview with Minister Fabie. As El Resumen, a Madrid
newspaper which sympathized with the Filipino caused said: "To cover the ears, open the
and fold the arms - this is the Spanish colonial policy".
•More terrible news reached Rizal in Madrid as he was waging a futile fight for
justice. From his brother-in-law, Silvestre Ubaldo, he received a copy of the ejectment
order of the Dominicans against Francisco Rizal and other Calamba tenants.
 From his sister, Saturnina, he learned about the deportation of Paciano (Rizal), Antonio
(Lopez), Silvestre (Ubaldo), Teong (Mateo Elejorde), and Dandey Dr. Rizal's relative) to
Mindoro; these unfortunate deportees were arrested in Calamba and were shipped out
of Manila on September 6, 1890.
He further learned from Saturnina's letter that their parents had been forcibly ejected
from their home and were then living in the house of Narcisa (Antonino's wife).

Rizal's Eulogy to Panganiban

Rizal experienced another disappoinment when his friend and co-worker in th Propaganda movement,
Jose Ma. Panganiban died in Barcelona on August 19, 1890.
With his sorrowing heart, Rizal took his pen and wrote an eulogy to Panganiban.
 Aborted Duel with
Antonio Luna
• At the end of August, Rizal attended a
social reunions of Filipinos in Madrid
wherein Antonio Luna is also there. That
time, Luna is bitter because of his
frustrated romance with Nellie Boustead.
He blames Rizal for what happened. In a fit
of jealousy, and also the effect of alcohol,
Luna uttered unsavor remarks to Nellie.
Rizal heard him and because of his anger he
challenged Luna into a duel.
Rizal Challenges Retana
to Duel
• Wenceslao E. Retana, his bitter enemy of
the pen, a talented Spanish scholar, was then a
press agent of the friars in Spain. He used to
attack the Filipinos in various newspapers in
Madrid and other cities in Spain. Retana wrote
an article in La Epoca, asserting that the
family and friends of Rizal had not paid their
rents so they were ejected from their lands in
Calamba by the Dominicans. Such as insult
stirred Rizal to action, immediately he sent his
seconds to Retana with his challenge to a duel
Infidelity of Leonor Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry
Rivera & Rizal Abdicates His
Leadership
• Rizal received a letter from Leonor, Toward the closing days of 1890, an
unfortunate rivalry between Rizal and M.H. del
announcing her coming marriage to
Pilar for supremacy. Because of this, the
an Englishman (the choice of her Filipinos were divided into two hostile camps-
mother) and asking his forgiveness. the Rizalistas and the Pilaristas. The situation
was becoming explosive and critical. Despite of
winning the votes, Rizal graciously declined the
coveted position.
 ADIOS, MADRID

Rizal wrote a brief

note thanking his
patriots for electing
him as Responsable:
• His agonizing heart bade goodbye to
the metropolis, of which he had written
years ago.

• He packed up his bags, paid his

bills and boarded a train leaving
for Biarritz.
BIARRITZ VACATION AND ROMANCE WITH
NELLY BOUSTEAD (1891)

To seek solace for his disappointments in Madrid, Rizal

took a vacation in the resort city of Biarritz on the
fabulous French Riviera. He was aguest of the rich
Boustead family at its winterresidence - Villa Eliada.
On March 29, 1891, the eve of his departure from Biarritz, he
finished the manuscript of his first novel, El Filibusterismo and He
wrote a letter to Blumentrit.
Rizal arrived in Biarritz on February 1891
Stayed in the residence of the Boustead
In February 11, 1891 he wrote a letter to Mariano Ponce.
ROMANCE WITH NELLIE BOUSTEAD
Rizal described Nellie as a real Filipina, highly intelligent, vivacious in temperament,
and morally upright.
His friend like M.H. del Pilar teased him. A letter from his friends came to
answer his letters about there opinion to Rizal's letter.

They didn't get married because of two thing:

1). Rizal doesn't want to be converted to a protestant.

2). Nellie's mother was against the wedding.
To Paris Back to Brussles Retirement of
Propaganda Movements
He departed from Biarritz on March 30, 1891 by train
he stayed with his friend Valentin Ventura.
By the middle of April 1891 he was back yo Brussels
He was happily greeted by his landladies
Since January, 1891 he abdicated his leadership in Madrid.
Rizal wanted to expand his knowledge about being an ophthalmologist.
May 1, 1891 he notified the Propaganda authorities in Manila to cancel his
allowance.
 EL FILIBUSTERISMO
PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)
OCTOBER 1887
While practicing medicine in Calamba, Rizal began writing the manuscript for El Filibusterismo.

JULY 05, 1891

Rizal left Brussels for Ghent, a famous university in Belgium.

His reasons for moving to Ghent:

1. The cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels.
2. To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne.
 IN GHENT
Rizal live in a cheap boarding house and met two compatriots:
Jose Alejandro from Pampanga
Edilberto Evangelista from Manila
DURING THE PRINTING OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
F. Meyer-Van Loo Press (No. 66 Viaanderen Street)

A printing shop that offered Rizal the lowest price for the publication of his novel and was
willing to print it in installments.
Rizal pawned his jewels in order to pay the down payment and the early partial payment.

AUGUST 6,1891
The printing of his book had to be suspended because Rizal could no longer give the necessary funds to
the printer.
Valentin Ventura
(The savior of the Fili)

When Ventura learned of Rizal's predicament and immediately sent

him the necessary funds.
With his financial aid, the printing of El Feli was resumed.

September 18, 1891

El Filibusterismo came off the press. .
Rizal immediately sent on this date two printed copies to Hong Kong,
one for Basa and other for Sixto Lopez.
Rizal gratefully donated the original manuscript and an autographed
printed copy to Valentin Ventura.
NEWSPAPER WHICH GIVES TRIBUTE TO EL FILI ARE:

La Publicidad
A Barcelona newspaper, where in it published a tribute eulogizing the novel's
original style which "is comparable only to the sublime Alexander Dumas" and
may well be offered as"a model and a precious jewel in the now decadent
literature of Spain".

El Nuevo Regimen
A liberal Madrid newspaper that serialized the novel in its issues of October, 1891.

September 22, 1891

Rizal wrote to Blumentritt that he planned to write the third Novel,
 Gom-Bur-Za
Rizal dedicated the new book to the three
priests, Gomez, Burgos and Zamora, who
were executed because of their supposed
participation in the first revolutionary
campaign of modern Philippine nationalism,
the mutiny of Cavite.

Synopsis of El Filibusterismo
El Filibusterismo is a sequel to the Noli. It has little humor, less idealism and less romance than the Noli Me
Tangere. It is more revolutionary, more tragic than the first novel.
Rizal had an inspiration to write his own novel with the same topic to expose Spanish colonial abuse in print.
The theme and plot of El Filibusterismo was changed to convey the mess. that the present system of
government in the Philippines through corrupt officials, dominated by the friars can lead to the downfall of
Spain.
 The original manuscript of El Filibusterismo
- in Rizal's own handwriting is now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries,
Manila.
• Had been acquired from Ventura for 10,000.
• It consists of 279 pages of long sheets of paper.

Two features in the manuscript do not appear in the printed book, namely:
FOREWORD (and)
WARNING
October 18, 1891
Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong Kong.
 OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONG
(1891-1892)

Farewell to europe
Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from November
1891 to June 1892.

His reasons for leaving Europe were:

- life was unbearable in Europe because of his political differences with

Marcelo H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in Spain.

- to be near his idolized Philippines and family

October 3, 1891
-two weeks after the publication of Fili, Rizal left Ghent
for Paris, where he stayed a few days to say goodbye to
the Lunas, the Pardo de Taveras, the Venturas and other
friends; Rizal proceeded by train to Marsilles

October 18, 1891

-Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne bound for Hong Kong
• Father Fuchs - a Tyrolese, Rizal enjoyed playing chess. Rizal describe him to
Blumentritt as "He is a fine fellow, A Father Damaso without pride and
malice"

• November 20, 1891 - Rizal arrived in Hong Kong

• Rizal established his residence at No. 5 D' Aguilar Street No. 2 Rednaxola
Terrace, where he also opened his medical clinic.
• December 1, 1891- Rizal wrote his parents asking their permission to
return home.

• On the same date, his brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, sent him a

letter relating the sad news of the "deportation of twenty-five
persons from Calamba, including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano
and the rest of us."
• The Christmas of 1891 in Hong Kong was one of the happiest Yuletide celebrations in
Rizal's life: For he had a happy family reunion January 31, 1892- Rizal wrote to
Blumentritt, recounting pleasant life in Hong Kong
• To earn a living for himself and for his family, Rizal practiced medicine
• Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques- a Portuguese physician, who became Rizal's friend and
admirer, who helped him to build up a wide clientele. In recognition of Rizal's skill as an
ophthalmic surgeon, he turned over to him many of his eye cases
• Rizal successfully operated on his mother's left eye so that she was able to read and
write again.
 LAST TRIP ABROAD
(1896)

- While Rizal was patiently waiting on the cruiser Castilla for the next steamer to take him to Spain,
portentous events occurred, presaging the downfall of Spanish power in Asia.

August 19, 1896

- The Katipunan plot to overthrow Spanish rule by means of revolution was discovered by Fray
Mariano Gil Augustinian cura of Tondo.
 August 30, 1896
Rizal in Singapore
• Departure of Rizal for Spain. The day (September 7)
when the state of war was proclaimed
in the eight provinces, Rizal received
The Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore.
from Governor General Blanco two
Don Pedro/ Don Manuel Camus devised
letters of the introduction for:
Rizal to stay and take advantage of the
1. The Minister of War protection of the British Law
2. The Minister of Colonies with a Rizal had given his word of honor to
covering letter which absolved him from Governor General Blanco.
all blame for raging revolution
 VICTIM OF SPANISH DUPLICITY

By refusing to break his word of honor in Singapore, Rizal sealed his own
doom.

For without his knowledge, Governor Blanco was secretly conspiring with the
Ministers of War and the Colonies (ultramar) for his destruction

Great hero and genius that he was, Rizal proved to be as gullible as Sultan
Zaide another victim of Spanish intrigue
RIZAL ARRESTED BEFORE REACHING BARCELONA
September 1:00 p.m.

The Isla de Panay, with Rizal onboard, left Singapore, unaware of the Spanish
duplicity particularly of Governor General Blanco's infernal deceit. September 25
He saw the steamer Isla de Luzon, leaving the Suez Canal crammed with Spanish
troops.
He realized that he was fooled by the Spanish officials. That made him to write
a letter to his best friend.
He was officially notified by Captain Alemany that he should stay in his cabin
until further orders from Manila.
ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER September 30
(6:25 p.m.)
The steamer anchored at Malta. Rizal confined to his cabin and was not able to visit the
famous island-fortress of the Christian crusaders. October 3, at 10 o'clock in the morning
The Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona, with Rizal a prisoner on board. The trip from Manila to
Barcelona lasted exactly 30 days.
His jailor was no longer the ship captain but the Military Commander of Barcelona, who
happened to be General Eulogio Despujol
The same one who ordered his banishment to Dapitan in July, 1892.
He was taken out of prison by the guards and brought to the headquarters of General
Despujol.
The ship left Barcelona, with Rizal on board S.S. Colon arrive at FORT SANTIAGO RIZAL'S
CELL
Principle of assimilation
advocated by the
Propaganda Movement.
The Principle of Assimilation, also known as the "Liga Filipina
Program," was a concept advocated by Jose Rizal, the national hero
of the Philippines, during the 19th century. It proposed that
Filipinos should adopt Spanish culture and language in order to
achieve equal treatment and opportunities in society. Rizal believed
that the key to achieving independence and progress was through
peaceful means and by demonstrating to the Spanish colonial
authorities that Filipinos were capable of governing themselves.
Rizal had close relationships with many of the other propagandists, or the
members of the Propaganda Movement, which was a group of Filipino
intellectuals who sought reforms and independence for the Philippines during
the Spanish colonial period. Some of Rizal's fellow propagandists included
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Antonio Luna. They shared a
common goal of fighting for the rights and freedoms of the Filipino people,
and they used various forms of media, such as newspapers, books, and
speeches, to spread their message. Although they had differences in their
approaches and strategies, they all played a significant role in the eventual
achievement of Philippine independence.
The Propaganda Movement is the assimilation of the Philippines
was advocated by Rizal with the help of GomBurZa, through
writings. That propaganda is composed of messages containing of
all the opinions for the sake of Filipinos to have the same right as
to the Spanish citizen. The assimilation aims to have a legal
equality between Spaniards and Filipinos and to end the annual
obligation of forced labor.
Rizal’s relationship
with the other
Propagandists
Antonio Luna, while he was in Europe he collaborated with the other Filipinos,
like Rizal for the Propaganda Movement. He also wrote for La Solidaridad
and contributed the article “Impressions”, which contain the unique
traditions and customs of the Spanish under the pen-name Taga-Ilog”.

Mariano Ponce, in Europe he quit he’ s studies to join the Propaganda

Movement and he served as the secretary of the movement. As a
propagandist, he uses various pen-names like “Naning” (his nickname),
Kalipulako (Lapu-lapu) and Tikbalang. With the help of his writings, he
disclosed the sad condition of the Filipinos under the Spanish government,
attacked the rulers, abuses and fought for the reform and equality.
Jose Alejandro, he helped Rizal in correcting the errors in the book El
Filibusterismo, also he might have been the first person aside from the author
who reads it. He is also served as the editorial staff in the Propaganda
Movement.

Graciano Lopez Jaena, was a Filipino propagandists, journalist and orator. He

founded the patriotic newspaper La Solidaridad, which he became the first
editor. At the age of 18, he anonymously wrote the “Fray Botod” (Big Bellied
Friar), which he revealed the friar’s greed, immorality, cruelty and false piety.
The Spanish authorities couldn’t prove that Jaena was the author. He was
also the publisher of La Solidaridad and wrote under his pen- name Plaride
Edilberto Evangelista, he graduated as an Engineer but he refuses the
offer European companies instead he wants to serve his country.
Evangelista got involved in the Propaganda Movement, during the 1896
Philippine revolution, the Spanish authorities suspected and arrested many
Filipinos for supposed involvement in the uprising he was one of those
arrested and imprisoned.

Maximo Viola, a writer and revolutionary leader and one of the leaders of
Propaganda Movement. He also the one who financed the Noli Me Tangere.
Jose Rizal’s growth as a
Propagandist and his
disavowal of assimilation
GOMBURZA (Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora) was executed by a garrote in February 1872.
Rizal was able to witness the execution because one of the
three priests was a friend and mentor of Paciano, the kuya of
Rizal.
Whenever they were together. Paciano kept telling Rizal about the
life of Jose Burgos.
If there was no 1872, there would be no Rizal. If there was no
Burgos, he would have been a priest. The execution started the
patriotic feeling of Rizal (manifestation of spanish injustice).
FILIPINO STUDENTS TO SPAIN
After the events of 1872, a sort of lull settled on Filipino nationalist activities in
the Philippines and in Spain. Henceforth the Filipino clergy would not take a leading
part. Burgos had been executed and the other Filipino priests who had been
prominent in the controversy over the parishes returned from their exile
apparently with little taste for further endangering their position.
*lull = temporary pause/decline of activity.

TWO CLASSES OF PRIESTS:

Regulars = Spanish priest/friars (dominating all parishes in the country).
Seculars = Filipino priest (wanted to have the right to handle or rule over the
parishes).
Who were able to study abroad?
→ These early students generally came from well-to-do families. Mostly the Creoles and
Mestizos.
→ Identified as follows:
Creoles = sons of peninsular fathers (born in Spain/"the peninsulares") who still retained
contacts with the mother country.
Chinese Mestizos = identified themselves with the Native Filipinos or Indios.
Spanish Mestizos = identified with the peninsular Spaniards.
What was the impression of the Filipino students when
they were already in Spain in the 1880s and 1890s?
They experienced that in Spain: liberal/naa silay katungod
a. All ideas were freely discussed.
b. People could attack or reject institutions of church or state.
C. There was a proclamation of dogmas of liberty and progress.
 The only active Filipino nationalists known with
certainty to have been in Spain before 1880:

1. Pedro Paterno
He came to Spain in 1871 (11 years before Rizal arrived) and obtained his doctorate in
law in 1880.
He wrote a small volume of verse titled Sampaguita (1880), the first volume of a
projected collection titled Biblioteca filipina, designed to make known to the public the
mature fruits produced by the Filipino youth."
 His book is of some significance as perhaps the first attempt to project a Filipino national
personality and to present to the public the work of a Filipino specifically as such.
He also wrote Ninay (1885), the first novel ever written by a Filipino.
2. Gregorio Sancianco
He had already earned his doctorate in law by 1880.
He published a book titled El Progreso de Filipinas (1881), a technical treatise on the
economic policy needed to stimulate progress in the Philippines.
- His book anticipates most of the principal themes of the later Filipino nationalist campaign
a. Administrative reform
b. Eradication of corruption in the government
c. Recognition of Filipino rights as loyal Spaniards
d. Extension of Spanish law to the Philippines
e. Curtailment of the excessive power of the friars in the life of the country
f. Assertion of the dignity of the Filipino