Osias Colleges Inc.

F. Tanedo St., San Nicolas, Tarlac City

Tarlac, Philippines

LEARNING MODULES IN
SOCIAL STUDIES
Week 5

Prepared by:
Bautista, Tricia Ann
Cambe, Danica
Dayrit, Chrishane
Nidera, Lichelle

MODULE OVERVIEW

This module aims to provide college students with a comprehend

understanding of social studies and how it can be integrated into various
disciplines within the curriculum. Through theoretical frameworks, practical
examples, and interactive activities, students will explore the significance of social
studies in fostering critical thinking, global awareness, and civic engagement.

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 EXPECTATIONS. These are what you will be able to know

after completing the lessons in the module.
 PRE-TEST. This will measure your prior knowledge and the
concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.
 REVIEW OF PAST LESSON. This section will show the
summarized previous lesson.
 DISCUSSION. This section contains the new lessons.
 ACTIVITIES. This are set of activities to perform
individually or with partner.
 REMEMBER. This section summarizes the concepts and
applications of the lessons.
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING. This will verify how
you learned from the lesson.
 POST-TEST. This will measure how much you have learned
from the entire module.
 LESSON 2 Regions of the Philippines

EXPECTATIONS
At the end of this module, the students are expected to:
 Identify and describe the major geographic features of the Philippines, including islands,
mountains, bodies of water, and other prominent landmarks.

PRE - TEST

Word Search
B C Z Y P H I L I P P I N E M M A P S
P A S I G H G F S B C D L A N A F C S
X G Y A J N L N E O N N L G H A Y O T
L A V A P G K Y R F N F X F A V B O B
P Y O I N Y T R E W D G W B N K G N
C B B F D I H T G C D E A H A H F J J
K K N H F T H T A N G F D H F C H
V O L C A N O A S U B I C B A Y L H K
M A U N I L F A N I G O P H I L I P M
P I N E S O H L T W A T A H S O A F
H T E T A R L A C T A N G I W N Q Z B
B T T S A N A G U S T I N C H U R C H
C B A Y A N I H A N M N V T B D Y V H
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The Philippine regions refer to the administrative divisions that categorize the country into
distinct geographical areas. These regions are designed to facilitate governance, development,
and resource allocation throughout the nation. With 17 regions in total, each encompasses a
unique blend of cultures, landscapes, and economic activities, contributing to the diverse tapestry
of the Philippines. From bustling urban centers to rural landscapes, each region offers its own set
of attractions and opportunities, reflecting the country's rich heritage and dynamic character.

DISCUSSION

The Origin of the Name the Philippines

The name Philippines was given to the island nation in honor of King Philip II of Spain. In 1542
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, a Spanish Explorer named the islands of Samar and Leyte
as Filipinas after the 'Austria's prince. Over the years the name Las Islas Filipinas was used in
reference to all the islands in the archipelago. Before the name became popular other names were
used such as Islas del Poniente which means the Islands of the West. The Spanish also used the
name San Lazaro to refer to the islands.

There are 17 administrative regions in the Philippines which have been established to allow
efficient flow, coordination, planning, and organizing of government services. The laws in the
Philippines allow for the creation of autonomous regions, and currently, there is only one
autonomous region of Bangsamoro in the Muslim Mindanao. The Congress of the Philippines
delegates some responsibilities and powers to the autonomous region and would typically have a
government.

I. The 17 Administrative Regions of The Philippines

Island Population
Rank Region (regional designation) group Regional center Area (2015)
29,620.90 km2 2,963,360
1 Southwestern Tagalog Region Luzon Calapan (11,436.69 sq mi) (2.93%)
28,228.83 km2 3,451,410
2 Cagayan Valley Luzon Tuguegarao (10,899.21 sq mi) (3.42%)
23,251.10 km2 4,440,150
3 Eastern Visayas Visayas Tacloban (8,977.30 sq mi) (4.40%)
22,513.30 km2
4 SOCCSKSARGEN Mindanao Koronadal (8,692.43 sq mi) 4,545,276 (4.5%)
 Island Population
Rank Region (regional designation) group Regional center Area (2015)
San Fernando 22,014.63 km2 11,218,177
5 Central Luzon Luzon (Pampanga) (8,499.90 sq mi) (11.11%)
21,478.35 km2 2,596,709
6 Caraga Region Mindanao Butuan (8,292.84 sq mi) (2.57%)
20,794.18 km2 7,536,247
7 Western Visayas Visayas Iloilo City (8,028.68 sq mi) (7.46%)
20,496.02 km2 4,689,302
8 Northern Mindanao Mindanao Cagayan de Oro (7,913.56 sq mi) (4.64%)
20,357.42 km2 4,893,318
9 Davao Region Mindanao Davao City (7,860.04 sq mi) (4.85%)
19,422.03 km2 1,722,006
10 Cordillera Administrative Region Luzon Baguio (7,498.89 sq mi) (1.71%)
18,155.82 km2 5,796,989
11 Bicol Region Luzon Legazpi (7,010.00 sq mi) (5.74%)
17,056.73 km2 3,629,783
12 Zamboanga Peninsula Mindanao Pagadian (6,585.64 sq mi) (3.59%)
16,873.31 km2 14,414,774
13 Southern Tagalog Mainland Luzon Calamba (6,514.82 sq mi) (14.27%)
15,487.69 km2 7,396,903
14 Central Visayas Visayas Cebu City (5,979.83 sq mi) (7.33%)
San Fernando (La 13,012.60 km2 5,026,128
15 Ilocos Region Luzon Union) (5,024.19 sq mi) (4.98%)
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region 12,535.79 km2 3,781,387
16 in Muslim Mindanao Mindanao Cotabato City (4,840.10 sq mi) (3.74%)
619.57 km2 (239.22 12,877,253
17 National Capital Region Luzon Manila sq mi) (12.75%)

The Republic of the Philippines is country in Southeast Asia composed of 17 regions.

Each region is composed of provinces, each with its own local government headed by a
governor.The map below shows the different regions of the Philippines distributed among the
three island groups namely Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Altogether, there are 16 regular
regions (including NCR and CAR) and one autonomous region (ARMM).
Luzon, the largest island group both in terms of land area and population, is composed of
Regions 1 to 5, CAR,
and NCR. Visayas is
composed of Regions
6 to 8 and is the
smallest island group
in terms of land area
and population.
Mindanao is composed
of Regions 9 to 13 plus
ARMM.

II. VOLCANOES OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines is a volcanic archipelago, boasting a diverse range of volcanoes scattered across
its various regions. Luzon Island, the largest
landmass, is home to a significant number of
VOLCANOES volcanoes, totaling 33, including iconic ones
like Mayon and Taal. These volcanoes
contribute to the island's dynamic landscape
and geological activity. Meanwhile,
Mindanao, the southernmost major island,
hosts 20 volcanoes, with Mount Apo being the
tallest peak in the country. Central Philippines,
North of Luzon, and the Sulu Islands also have
their share of volcanoes, albeit fewer in
number. Each of these volcanic regions adds

central philippines mindanao

north luzon sulu island
to the overall geological complexity of the Philippines, making it susceptible to volcanic hazards
and requiring careful monitoring and management. Understanding the distribution and
characteristics of these volcanoes is crucial for disaster preparedness and mitigating the risks
associated with volcanic activity in the region.

III. WATER BODIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Water
Body Location Description
Manila Bay is a natural harbor located in the capital city of Manila. It is
known for its picturesque sunset views and serves as a significant port
Manila Bay Luzon for trade and commerce.
Laguna de Bay is the largest lake in the Philippines, located southeast of
Laguna de Manila. It is a vital source of freshwater for irrigation, domestic use, and
Bay Luzon aquaculture in the surrounding areas.
The Pasig River flows through Metro Manila, serving as a historic and
cultural landmark. Despite pollution concerns, efforts are underway to
Pasig River Luzon rehabilitate the river and restore its ecological health.
The Cagayan River is the longest and largest river in the Philippines,
Cagayan flowing through the Cagayan Valley region in northern Luzon. It
River Luzon supports various agricultural activities and provides water for irrigation.
The Agusan River is the second-largest river in the Philippines, located
in the Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur provinces of Mindanao. It is
Agusan essential for irrigation, transportation, and supporting biodiversity in the
River Mindanao region.
The Mindanao River is the third-largest river in the Philippines,
traversing the provinces of Cotabato and Maguindanao in Mindanao. It
Mindanao plays a vital role in agriculture, providing water for rice cultivation and
River Mindanao other crops.
Taal Lake is a freshwater lake located in Batangas province, known for its
picturesque setting and the iconic Taal Volcano island within it. It is a
popular tourist destination and supports various fisheries and
Taal Lake Luzon aquaculture activities.
Subic Bay is a deep natural harbor located in the province of Zambales,
Luzon. It was once a US naval base and is now a free port and special
Subic Bay Luzon economic zone, attracting investments and tourism to the area.
The Bohol Sea is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean,
surrounded by the islands of the Visayas region. It is known for its rich
marine biodiversity, including coral reefs, marine mammals, and various
Bohol Sea Visayas fish species.
Davao Gulf is an important body of water located in the southeastern
part of Mindanao. It is a significant fishing ground and supports various
Davao Gulf Mindanao marine-related industries, including shipping and tourism.
 Water
Body Location Description
The Sulu Sea is located between the islands of Mindanao and the Sulu
Archipelago. It is characterized by its deep waters and is home to
Sulu Sea Mindanao diverse marine life, including coral reefs, fishes, and marine mammals.

IV. Prominent Landmarks

Landmark Description Picture

Mayon Found in Albay province, Mayon Volcano is renowned for

Volcano its perfectly symmetrical cone shape.

Located in Manila, Rizal Park is a historical urban park

named after Dr. Jose Rizal, the national hero of the
Rizal Park Philippines. It features monuments, gardens, and an iconic
(Luneta) statue of Rizal.

Situated in Manila, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is the

San Agustin oldest stone church in the Philippines, known for its
Church Baroque architecture and intricate interior design.

Also located in Intramuros, Fort Santiago is a citadel built

during the Spanish colonial period, serving as a defense
Fort Santiago fortress and later as a prison during World War II.

Located in Cebu City, Magellan's Cross is a historical

symbol of Christianity in the Philippines, marking the spot
Magellan's where Ferdinand Magellan planted a cross upon arriving in
Cross the archipelago in 1521.

Profile of the Filipinos as a People

Category Description
Nationality Noun: Filipino(s); Adjective: Philippine. Many Filipinos call themselves Pinoys.
 Category Description
Ethnic Christian Malays constitute 91.5% of the total population; Muslim Malays 4%;
Groups Chinese 1.5%; and others 3%.
Tagalog 28.1%; Cebuano 13.1%; Ilocano 9%; Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%; Hiligaynon
Ilonggo 7.5%; Bikol 6%; Waray 3.4%; other 25.3% (2000 census).
Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects —
Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and
Languages Pangasinan.
Catholic 82.9% (Roman Catholic 80.9%, Aglipayan 2%); Muslim 5%; Evangelical
2.8%; Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%; other Christian 4.5%; other 1.8%; unspecified 0.6%;
Religions none 0.1% (2000 census).

People in the Philippines are collectively called Filipinos, with men also referred to as
Filipinos and women known as Filipinas. Philippine is used as an adjective pertaining to the
country. Filipino is used as an adjective regarding the people, in some cases in particular
reference to Christian Filipinos (Muslim are known as Moros) . Around 95 percent of the
population lives on the eleven largest islands.
Most Filipinos are of Malay descent (like Malaysians and Indonesians), with a sprinkling of
Chinese, Spanish, American and Arab blood. Three hundred years of Spanish occupation left
behind the Roman Catholic religion and 75 years of American presence has left the English
language, yet Filipino culture and people have an identity that is very much its own, and the
people on each island have their own distinct character. Before it was forged into a colony
and later a nation, the Philippines was a group of islands, with different ethnic groups that
lived largely independent of one another on individual islands, groups of islands and different
regions on big islands. The ethnic breakdown of country still more or less follows the pattern
set by the archipelago's early inhabitants.
More than 100 cultural minority groups are scattered throughout the country. Filipinos are
ethnically similar to Malays but culturally they are more like the Spanish. They are generally
smaller and more slender than Europeans and have brownish skin, dark eyes and heavy,
straight black hair. It is hard to distinguish accurately the lines between stocks. From a long
history of Western colonial rule, interspersed with the visits of merchants and traders, evolved
a people of a unique blend of east and west, both in appearance and culture.

Historical Development of the Philippine People

Over centuries of intermarriage, Filipinos have evolved into a distinctive blend of Malay,
Chinese, Spanish, Negrito, and American influences. The earliest inhabitants were Negritos,
followed by Malays who significantly shaped lowland agricultural life. Malays absorbed many
Negritos through intermarriage but also formed separate, isolated groups across the islands.
Islam arrived in the 15th century, leading to the development of sultanates in Mindanao and the
Sulu Archipelago. Spanish colonization in the 16th century fostered a Philippine national
identity, yet Muslim autonomy persisted in the south, and upland tribal groups resisted
conversion. A nationalist movement in the 19th century questioned Spanish rule, culminating in
the emergence of a Filipino national identity among lowland Christians. This identity excluded
Muslims, upland tribes, and ethnic Chinese. Despite linguistic and regional differences, a sense
of national unity grew, fueled by resistance against Spanish and later American rule. The
establishment of a public school system and improvements in transportation and communication
further promoted unity and diluted religious, ethnic, and linguistic differences, aided by the
spread of English as a common language.

Multi-Cultural, Multi-Regional Filipinos

Bayanihan, the spirit of kinship and camaraderie, stems from Malay heritage, while close
family ties are inherited from the Chinese. Piousness comes from Spanish influence through
Christianity introduced in the 16th century. Hospitality is a hallmark of Filipino identity,
distinguishing them as a warm and welcoming people. Filipinos are proficient in English,
making them unique among Oriental cultures, with English being unofficially spoken alongside
the official language, Pilipino. Geographically and culturally, Filipinos are diverse, with
distinct traits and dialects across regions. The Philippines is a melting pot of cultures, blending
Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences. Hospitality is a deeply
ingrained trait, making Filipinos legendary for their warm reception of visitors. The Spanish
legacy endures through the predominance of Roman Catholicism, with about 83% of the
population adhering to the faith. American colonization further shaped Filipino culture by
imparting English language proficiency, making the Philippines the third-largest English-
speaking country globally.

Spanish Influence on the Philippines

Aspect of
Influence Description
Spanish language heavily influenced Filipino dialects, with approximately 20%
of Tagalog words derived from Spanish. Common words like "Diyos" (god),
Language "eskewela" (school), and "pamilya" (family) have Spanish roots.
Spanish money system (based on pesos) and numerals were adopted, and
Numbers, Manila was appointed as the capital city. The islands were named "Filipinas"
Names, Money after Prince Philip of Asturias, who later became the King of Spain.
Spain brought Catholicism to the Philippines, making it the only predominantly
Christian nation in Asia. Catholic traditions and holidays are deeply ingrained in
Catholicism Filipino culture, with the Catholic Church retaining significant influence.
Spanish colonial authorities mandated the adoption of Spanish last names in
1849, resulting in many Filipinos bearing surnames like Garcia, Cruz, and Reyes.
Last Names However, some native last names persisted, reflecting resistance to change.
Westernized culture, including music, dance, art, and customs, was gradually
Western integrated into Filipino society. Beliefs and perspectives shifted towards a more
Culture Westernized outlook, although class disparities persisted.
 Aspect of
Influence Description
Spain established Catholic-run schools and colleges, introducing subjects like
math and Spanish. Notable institutions like the University of Santo Tomas were
founded during this period, contributing to the spread of education in the
Education Philippines.
Spanish cuisine influenced Filipino diet, introducing foods like corn, squash,
sausage, and cocoa. Utensils such as forks and spoons were introduced,
although some Filipinos still prefer to eat without them in the traditional
Food Filipino way.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: Identification.

Direction: Read carefully choose the correct answer. Write your answer in the space provided
before the number.

Filipinos 91.5%

Malay 1849

Prince Philip of Asturias

Catholicism

1. From which heritage does the spirit of kinship and camaraderie, known as
Bayanihan, stem?

2. In what year did Spanish colonial authorities mandate the adoption of Spanish
last names?

3. What was the name of the Spanish prince after whom the Philippine islands were
named?

4. Besides English, what is the other official language of the Philippines?

5. What percentage of the total population do Christian Malays constitute in the

Philippines?

6. What is the predominant religion in the Philippines?

ACTIVITY 2: Essay
1. What are the main geographical features of the Philippines, such as its volcanoes and
water bodies? How do these features affect the country's landscape and daily life?

2. How do administrative regions help govern the Philippines? Why is having an

autonomous region like Bangsamoro important?

3. What are the main geographical features of the Philippines, such as its volcanoes and
water bodies? How do these features affect the country's landscape and daily life?

POST- TEST
Multiple choice
Direction: Circle the correct answer in the following questions.

1) Who was the name "Philippines" given in honor of?

a) King Philip III of Spain
b) King Philip II of Spain
c) King Ferdinand Magellan
d) Queen Isabella of Spain

2) In what year did Ruy Lopez de Villalobos name the islands of Samar and Leyte as
"Filipinas"?
a) 1492
b) 1542
c) 1601
d) 1678

3) What was the original name used by the Spanish to refer to all the islands in the
archipelago before "Philippines" became popular?
a) Las Islas Filipinas
b) Islas del Poniente
c) San Lazaro
d) Islas del Este
 4) How many administrative regions are there in the Philippines?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18

5) What is the island group where the most administrative regions are located?
a) Luzon
b) Visayas
c) Mindanao
d) Sulu Archipelago

REFFERENCES
https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Philippines/sub5_6c/entry-3161.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_volcanoes_in_the_Philippines
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/philippines.html
https://philippinegeographic.blogspot.com/2013/08/regions-of-philippines.html
https://water.emb.gov.ph/?page_id=849
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-17-administrative-regions-of-the-philippines.html