Report Sheet For Lab 2: How much potassium hydrogen phthalate is in this unknown?

Name:
_

All answers must be typed in black ink. Increase the space between questions to insert
your answers. The grading rubric is provided separately.

Prelab Question:
1. What does hygroscopic mean?
Hygroscopic is when a reagent readily picks up water from the atmosphere

2. Write the balanced chemical reaction between KHP and NaOH?

KHP+ NaOH→ H2 O+ NaKP

3. Calculate the molecular weight (using the atomic weights of the individual atoms
on the front cover of your textbook) of NaOH and KHP. Show your work with
handwritten answers in notebook for pre-lab check; when you do report, then use
the equation tools provided under Insert: Equation in Word to show the work.
NaOH → Na=22.99 g /mol+O=16.00 g /mol+ H=1.008 g /mol
NaOH =40.00 g/mol
KHP → K=39.10 g/mol+ H=1.008 g/mol+ P=30.97 g/mol KHP=71.08 g /mol

4. Calculate the amount of NaOH needed to make a 1 L solution that is ~0.1 M

NaOH. Show your work with handwritten answers in notebook for pre-lab check;
when you do report, then use the equation tools provided under Insert: Equation
in Word to show the work.
mol 40.00 g/mol
0.1 NaOH ×1 L−0.1 mol NaOH 0.1 mol NaOH × =4 g NaOH
L 1 mol

5. Read the Safety Data Sheet for Solid Sodium Hydroxide. Describe the safety
precautions you will follow while in the lab using 25 to 50 words. Attach the
Safety Data Sheet of Solid Sodium Hydroxide to your Lab 3 report.
Be wary that the sodium hydroxide can cause severe skin burns and eye
damage, and additional it can cause respiratory irritation. Know the needed
procedures in case the substances is in contact with the eyes or skin ,ingested,
or inhaled.

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Experimental and Results
NaOH Standardization
1. Mass of NaOH transferred to the beaker 4.207 g (don’t forget units)

Table 1: Data for the Standardization of NaOH; shaded regions are the best titrations
Mass of Vi of Vf of Vol Base Molarity
Notes
KHP (g) Base (mL) Base (mL) delievered (mL) of NaOH (M)
Sample
0.6967 0.52 36.39 35.87 0.09512 over titrated
1
Sample
0.6460 0.20 32.83 32.63 0.09694 over titrated
2
Sample
0.6371 0.29 32.98 32.69 0.09543 pale pink
3
Sample
0.6187 0.21 31.75 31.54 0.09606 pale pink
4

2. Provide one sample calculation of the molarity of NaOH (use equation tools
under Insert: Equation in Word):
1 mol
0.6967 g × =0.003411 mol
g
204.22
mol
mol 0.003411 5 mol
molarity ( M )= → =0.09512 M
vol(L) 0.03587 L

3. Use your calculator or Excel to find the average molarity of the NaOH solution
and give the answer here:
The average V of samples 2 to 4 is 0.09614 g/mol.

4. Use your calculator or Excel to find the standard deviation of the molarity of the
NaOH solution and give the answer here:
The standard deviation for the C of samples 2 to 4 is 0.0007594 g/mol.

5. Using the correct number of significant figures, report the molarity and standard
deviation of the NaOH solution and give the answer here:
Molarity: 0.09614 g/mol
Standard deviation: 0.0007594 g/mol

2
Unknown Analysis: Use the average molarity of your NaOH for the calculations of your
unknown. No unknown, omit this section

Table 2: Data for the Determination of %w/w of KHP in an Unknown Sample

Unknown Mass of Initial Final Volume of % w/w of Notes,
Number unknown Volume Volume Base KHP in comments
of Base of Base delivered unknown about
________ (g) (mL) (mL) (mL) sample

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

6. Provide one sample calculation of the % w/w of KHP in the unknown (use
equation tools under Insert: Equation in Word):
7. Use your calculator or Excel to find the average %w/w of the KHP in the
unknown and give the answer here:
8. Use your calculator or Excel to find the standard deviation of the %w/w of the
KHP in the unknown and give the answer here:
9. Using the correct number of significant figures, report the %w/w and standard
deviation of KHP in the unknown and give the answer here:

Post Lab Questions

1. Why was the NaOH not dissolved in a Volumetric Flask?
The NaOH was not dissolved in the volumetric flask because it is hydroscopic,
meaning it can readily pick up water from the atmosphere and it could interfere
with the molarity. The reagent needs to be standardized first.

2. What happened to the flask when you dissolved the NaOH in the beaker?
When we dissolved the NaOH into the beaker, the temperature of the flask rose
a little bit.

3. What type of reaction occurs between NaOH and phenolphthalein?

NaOH and phenolphthalein have an exothermic reaction.

4. Why do you only add two drops of phenolphthalein?

Phenolphthalein is slightly acidic and could affect the pH of the titration. This
could cause the endpoint volume to be different and give an inaccurate value for
the molarity.

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5. Were any samples not included in the calculation for molarity and if yes, why?
We chose not to include sample 1 in the calculation for molarity since it was
overly titrated. The solution was a hot pink instead of a pale pink, meaning that
we added to much titrant and passed the end point.

6. Were any samples not included in the calculation for %w/w and if yes, why?
No unknown was available to perform this part of the lab.

7. Explain the chemistry occurring during the titration and at the endpoint. This
should be in paragraph form and contain 50 – 70 words.
For an acid-base reaction, when enough of the titrant is added into the analyte,
neutralization occurs when the concentrations of the titrant and analyte are the
same. The end point is the volume of titrant added to the analyte that is near the
equivalence point at which an abrupt change in the physical property is
observed. An indicator is often used to observe the change in the physical
property.

Write a concluding statement indicating the %w/w of KHP in the unknown:

No unknown was available to perform this part of the lab.

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SDS Summary

 Sodium hydroxide: HNaO (MW: 39.9971 g/mol; Appearance: white, odorless)

1. Health hazard/first aid treatment

- Hazards:
Can cause severe skin burns and eye damage and can cause respiratory irritation.

First Aid:
In case of eye contact, rinse with water for at least fifteen minutes. Seek medical attention if
irritation persists. In case of skin contact, remove all affected clothing and wash skin for at least
fifteen minutes. Seek a physician immediately. If ingested, do not induce vomiting. Drink plenty of
water. Seek medical attention. If inhaled, move to an area with fresh air and give artificial oxygen if
needed. Get medical attention if symptoms are present. Give artificial respiration if not breathing
with the aid of a pocket mask with a one-way valve. Seek medical help immediately.
- Fire Hazards:
The substance is not combustible. Use an agent that is most appropriate to extinguish the
surrounding fire. Do not use solid water stream as extinguishing media.

2. Handling/storage information

- Storage and Disposal: Store tightly closed container in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated area. Keep
away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents, acids, metals, and water. Dispose
of product into appropriate waste container after use.

2. Spill treatment and clean-up method.

- Absorb spillage to avoid material damage.

- Sweep up spillage, and avoid dust formation. Use labeled container for disposal.
- Discarded waste must be disposed of according to local, regional, and national waste regulations.

Reference:
SAFETY DATA SHEET for Sodium Hydroxide msds (fishersci.com)
https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=BP359500&productDescription=SODIUM
%20HYDROXIDE%20500G&vendorId=VN00033897&countryCode=US&language=en

5
SDS Summary

 Phenolphthalein Solution: C20H14O4 (MW: 318.32g/mol; Appearance: off-white, odorless)

2. Health hazard/first aid treatment

- Hazards:
Can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, is highly flammable, could cause drowsiness or
dizziness, and could cause cancer.

First Aid:

In case of eye contact, rinse with water for at least fifteen minutes. Seek medical attention if
irritation persists. In case of skin contact, remove all affected clothing and wash skin for at least
fifteen minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. If ingested, rinse mouth with water and
drink plenty of water afterward. If inhaled, move to an area with fresh air and give artificial oxygen if
needed. Get medical attention if symptoms are present. Give artificial respiration if not breathing.
- Fire Hazards:
In case of a small fire, water mist, carbon dioxide (CO2), a dry chemical, or an alcohol-resistant foam
may be used as an extinguishing means.

In case of big fire, do not breathe in the vapors, and contact someone for help immediately.

2. Handling/storage information

- Storage and Disposal: Store tightly closed container in a dry, cool and well-ventilated area. Keep
away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing
agents, strong acids, and metals. Dispose of product into appropriate waste container after use.

2. Spill treatment and clean-up method.

- Soak up with inert absorbent material. Keep in suitable, closed container. Discarded waste must be
disposed of according to the local, regional, and national waste regulations.

Reference:
SAFETY DATA SHEET for Phenolphthalein Solution, Alcoholic, 0.5% msds (fishersci.com)
https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?
partNumber=SP501&productDescription=PHENOLPHTHALEIN+SOL+APHA+1L&vendorId=VN00033897&c
ountryCode=US&language=en

6
SDS Summary

 Potassium hydrogen phthalate KHP: C8H5KO4 (MW: 204.22 g/mol; Appearance: white, odorless)

3. Health hazard/first aid treatment

- Hazards:
Can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, and can cause respiratory irritation.

First Aid:

In case of eye contact, rinse with water for at least fifteen minutes. Seek medical attention if
irritation persists. In case of skin contact, remove all affected clothing and wash skin for at least
fifteen minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. If ingested, do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention. If inhaled, move to an area with fresh air and give artificial oxygen if needed.
Get medical attention if symptoms are present. Give artificial respiration if not breathing.
- Fire Hazards:
In case of a small fire, water spray, carbon dioxide (CO2), a dry chemical, or an alcohol-resistant foam
may be used as an extinguishing means.

In case of big fire, do not breathe in the vapors, and contact someone for help immediately.

2. Handling/storage information

- Storage and Disposal: Store tightly closed container in a dry, cool and well-ventilated area. Keep
away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents. Dispose of product into
appropriate waste container after use.

2. Spill treatment and clean-up method.

- Sweep up spillage, avoid dust formation. Use labeled container for disposal.
- Discarded waste must be disposed of according to the local, regional, and national waste
regulations.

Reference:
SAFETY DATA SHEET for Potassium hydrogen phthalate msds (fishersci.com)
https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?
partNumber=AC177121000&productDescription=POTASSIUM+HYDROGEN+PHTHALATE&vendorId=VN0
0033901&countryCode=US&language=en