CHE391A Lab Report: 2023-24-II

Experiment No. 3: Centrifugal Pump Test Rig

Date of Experiment:31/01/2024 Date of Report Submission:04/02/2024

Date of Revision:N/A

Group Number:10 Batch:Wednesday

Name of Contributing Students:

1.Aditi Singh Sengar(210055) 2. Diptansu Poddar(210347)

3. Naveen Yadav(210656) 4. Rohan Batra (210868)

Executive Summary: In this experiment we analyse different configurations of

Centrifugal pumps-single stage,Series and Parallel which are inevitably needed in in-
dustry for the flow of fluids across the pipe network or height gradient. We compare
and contrast the parameters like head loss,discharge rate, efficiencies of the pump
across the different configurations. The experimental setup consists of two centrifugal
pumps coupled with DC Motors whose RPM is controlled using Thyristor controlled
DC Drives . RPM Indicator and Rotameter are also present.

Problem Statement:To compare and contrast different Centrifugal Pump Configurations-

single stage,series and parallel by analysing their discharge rates, Head loss and Ef-
ficiencies.

Key Findings:

1. Total Head decreases with the increase in flow rate.

2. Pump efficiency experiences an increases until it reaches its peak,after which

it begins to decline.

1
Short Conclusion: Centrifugal pumps operate by transferring rotational energy
from one or more driven rotors, called impellers.The centrifugal pump design pro-
vides a simple and cost effective solution for most low pressure, high volume pumping
applications involving low viscosity fluids such as water, solvents, chemicals and light
oils. Series configuration of the pumps can be used to greater head loss while the
parallel configuration can be used to get large discharge rates.Head loss for all con-
figurations increases with discharge rate and efficiencies achieve an optimal peak.

Recommendations:

1. Digital PID controller can be used to manipulate the flow valve attached to
the Sump Tank and digitally control the flow rate. The manual adjustment
of the valve positions based on the rotameter reading is time-consuming and
error prone.

2. The alignment of the shafts should be checked, the bearing should be oiled
frequently, cavitation should be checked for to minimise the vibrations in the
pump operation to avoid errors in taking pressure gauge readings.

3. The water in the sump tank should be changed and the tank should be cleaned
frequently to avoid density changes due to impurity introduction.

2
1 Aim and Line Diagram
Aim:

1. To determine:

(a) Power input

(b) Shaft output
(c) Discharge
(d) Total head
(e) Pump Output
(f) Overall efficiency
(g) Pump efficiency

2. To plot the following performance characteristics:

(a) Head vs Discharge.

(b) Speed vs. Discharge.
(c) Pump efficiency vs. Discharge.

3
 JEET BINDRA UNIT OPERATIONS & INNOVATION LAB
DEPT. OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, 1.I.T. KANPUR
Date:
LAB DATA SHEET
Experiment Name:

ChE 39 Name of students Roll No.

Exp. No.
Group No. - 1. Riptanu Poddo
Name & Sign of T.A. 2 Naeen Yadav
3 210%6 8
MAHES H MALAY Rohan Bata
Mahegh Malay 4. 21005T

Objective:
Aim:To dutomwPow nput shot outut, ichange

Relevant Equation(s):
Et P 3600
tr EMC

EEjxm
loo0r36o0 Ponald setup Es
ymitrcont.
whee
Line Diagram:
2

760 |ths E,E shPump

st
utut
Two tage-piy tup
hgg Higt Pse
460

sies

te fimtaln by pae

Mahesh Mala
 Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
Observation Table
Single Stage(Pump-1)
Pulse time
Ps1 (mm Hp) E, (LPH)
Sr. No. N(RPM) Pa(Kg/em) 4
Q05 200 8000
9420 180
7750 4
2 242. O 7600
3 2420 O.l5 L80
16C 7260
4 2420 O.20
7000
2420 O. 25 l60
140 G750
6 2420 O30
O.46 120
24420 5600
)420
120
100 5000
2420 O50
4500
10 2420 4 co0
2420 O.55 Single Stage(Pump-2)
FL (LPH) Pulse time
Sr. No. N(RPM) Pa (Kg/em) Ps1(mm Hg)
30 7500
1 2400 120 4
7250
2400 1/0 7000 4
3 2400 05
0-90 6750
4
2400 6500
5 2400 0 25
6250
6 2400 O. 25 10
C.30 Go00
2400 5500
2400 O.35
60 5000 L0
2400 0.40
10 24 00 50 4500
40 4000
Parallel Stage
Ps2 F Pulse time
Sr. NË N2 Pa Ps1
No. (RPM) (RPM) (Kg/em) (mm Hg) (mm Hg) (LPH)
12420 2400 G-25 160 15750
2 2420 2400 l60 8o 15500
3 2420 400 O30 |40 90 |50 0
4 O.35 146 80 14500 (0
2420 D400
24 20 (4000 10
5 2400
6 2420 120 60 13500
2420 2400 (20 60 13000
24/20 2400 O.45 50 12500
9 24,20 240 0 40 12000
10 2420 240 O 0-50 I1500

Mahash ala
 Series Stage
Ps2 Pulse time
Sr. NË N2 Pa Ps1
No. (RPM) (RPM) (Kg/em) (mm Hp) (mm Hg) (LPH)
1 2420 220 8750
2 2420 24 00 200 8500
3 2420 24400 0:20 200 8250 |0
4 2420 24 00 O30 180
2420 24 00 180 7750
2420 24 0U 180 9500
2420 2400 160 0
8 2420 2400 C60 l60 ToDo
420 24 0D 140 6h00
10 2420 244 0U C-80 6000
2420 24 ou l20

Data for density of fluid and least count:

Leost Csuntt

20

F-25o
ime = 0.0|

Maheeh
Malay
2 Detailed Theory and Analysis
2.1 Theory and Formulae:
The hydraulic machines, which convert the mechanical energy into hydraulic en-
ergy(essentially pressure energy), are called pumps. If the conversion takes place by
means of centrifugal force acting on the fluid, the hydraulic machine is called cen-
trifugal pump.Centrifugal pumps operate by transferring rotational energy from one
or more driven rotors, called impellers. The impellers act to increase the speed and
pressure of the fluid and direct it to the pump outlet. The flow in centrifugal pumps
is in the radial outward directions. The centrifugal pump works on the principle of
forced vortex flow, which means that an external torque rotates a certain mass of
liquid, the rise in pressure head of the rotating liquid takes place. The rise in pressure
head at any point of the rotating liquid is proportional to the square of tangential
velocity of (i.e. rise in pressure head = V 2 /2g or ω 2 r2 /2g) the liquid at that point.
Thus at the outlet of the impeller where radius is more, the rise in pressure head will
be more and the liquid will be discharged at the outlet with a high- pressure head.
Due to this high-pressure head, the liquid can be lifted to a high level. Centrifu-
gal Pump is a mechanical device, which consists of a body, impeller and a rotating
mean i.e. motor, engine etc. Impeller rotates in a stationary body and sucks the
fluid through its axes and delivers through its periphery. Impeller has an inlet angle,
outlet angle and peripheral speed, which affect the head and discharge. Impeller is
rotated by motor.
Multistage Centrifugal Pump Configurations: A centrifugal pump consisting
of two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump. A multi stage pump
is used to obtain the following two objectives:
1. To produce a high head using the Series Configuration.
2. To discharge a large quantity of liquid using the Parallel Configuration.
Ei = tPp ∗ EM3600
C
, kW
Es = Ei ∗ ηm , kW
FL
Q = 1000∗3600 , m3 /sec
ρgQH
Eo = 1000 , kW
ηo = EEoi ∗ 100%
ηp = E o
Es
∗ 100%
For Series and Single Stage Pump:
H = 10 ∗ [Pd + P760 S1
] + hpg , m
PS1 +PS2
For Parallel Setup: H = 10 ∗ [Pd + 2
760
] + hpg , m

7
 Figure 1: A Centrifugal Pump

Figure 2: Series and Parallel Configurations

2.2 Calculations and Graphs:

Constants Used:
EM C = 3200P ulses/(kW hr)
ρ = 1000kg/m3
hpg = 1m
ηm = 0.8(assumed)
g = 9.81m2 /s
Nomenclature:
Ei = P owerInput Es = Shaf tOutput Eo = P umpOutput FL = F lowRate
H = T otalHead N = P umpSpeed Ps1 = P ump1SunctionP ressure Ps2 =
P ump2SunctionP ressure Pd = DelieveryP ressure ηm = motorEf f iciency
ηp = P umpEf f iciency ηo = OverallEf f iciency

8
 Single Stage Pump 1
3
N1,RPM Pd,kg/cm2 Ps1,mmHg FL,LPH P tp,sec Ei,kW Es,kW Q, m /sec H,m Eo,kW no(%) np(%)
2420 0.05 200 8000 4 10 0.45 0.36 2.22E-03 4.13 0.09 20.02 25.02
2420 0.1 180 7750 4 10 0.45 0.36 2.15E-03 4.37 0.09 20.5 25.63
2420 0.15 180 7500 4 10 0.45 0.36 2.08E-03 4.87 0.1 22.11 27.64
2420 0.2 160 7250 4 10 0.45 0.36 2.01E-03 5.11 0.1 22.41 28.02
2420 0.25 160 7000 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.94E-03 5.61 0.11 23.76 29.7
2420 0.3 140 6750 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.88E-03 5.84 0.11 23.88 29.85
2420 0.45 120 6000 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.67E-03 7.08 0.12 25.72 32.15
2420 0.45 120 5500 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.53E-03 7.08 0.11 23.58 29.47
2420 0.5 100 5000 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.39E-03 7.32 0.1 22.15 27.69
2420 0.5 100 4500 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.25E-03 7.32 0.09 19.94 24.92
2420 0.55 80 4000 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.11E-03 7.55 0.08 18.29 22.87

Single Stage Pump 2

N1,RPM Pd,kg/cm2 Ps1,mmHg FL,LPH P tp,sec Ei,kW Es,kW Q, m3/sec H,m Eo,kW no(%) np(%)
2400 0.05 130 7500 4 10 0.45 0.36 2.08E-03 3.21 0.07 14.58 18.23
2400 0.1 120 7250 4 10 0.45 0.36 2.01E-03 3.58 0.07 15.71 19.64
2400 0.15 110 7000 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.94E-03 3.95 0.08 16.73 20.92
2400 0.2 100 6750 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.88E-03 4.32 0.08 17.64 22.05
2400 0.25 90 6500 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.81E-03 4.68 0.08 18.44 23.05
2400 0.25 90 6250 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.74E-03 4.68 0.08 17.73 22.16
2400 0.3 80 6000 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.67E-03 5.05 0.08 18.36 22.95
2400 0.35 70 5500 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.53E-03 5.42 0.08 18.06 22.57
2400 0.4 60 5000 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.39E-03 5.79 0.08 17.53 21.91
2400 0.45 50 4500 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.25E-03 6.16 0.08 16.78 20.98
2400 0.45 40 4000 4 10 0.45 0.36 1.11E-03 6.03 0.07 14.6 18.25
 Two Stage Series Setup
2 3
N1,RPM N2,RPM Pd,kg/cm Ps1,mmHgPs2,mmHgFL,LPH P tp,sec Ei, kW Es, kW Q, m /sec H, m Eo, kWno (%) np (%)
2420 2400 0.05 220 0 8750 9 10 1.01 0.81 2.43E-03 4.39 0.1 10.4 12.94
2420 2400 0.15 200 0 8500 9 10 1.01 0.81 2.36E-03 5.13 0.12 11.7 14.67
2420 2400 0.2 200 0 8250 9 10 1.01 0.81 2.29E-03 5.63 0.13 12.5 15.63
2420 2400 0.3 180 0 8000 9 10 1.01 0.81 2.22E-03 6.37 0.14 13.7 17.14
2420 2400 0.4 180 0 7750 9 10 1.01 0.81 2.15E-03 7.37 0.16 15.4 19.21
2420 2400 0.45 180 0 7500 9 10 1.01 0.81 2.08E-03 7.87 0.16 15.9 19.85
2420 2400 0.55 160 0 7250 9 10 1.01 0.81 2.01E-03 8.61 0.17 16.8 20.99
2420 2400 0.6 160 0 7000 9 10 1.01 0.81 1.94E-03 9.11 0.17 17.2 21.44
2420 2400 0.7 140 0 6500 9 10 1.01 0.81 1.81E-03 9.84 0.17 17.2 21.52
2420 2400 0.8 120 0 6000 9 10 1.01 0.81 1.67E-03 10.6 0.17 17.1 21.35
2420 2400 0.9 120 0 5500 9 10 1.01 0.81 1.53E-03 11.6 0.17 17.1 21.42

Two Stage Parallel Setup

2
N1,RPM N2,RPM Pd,kg/cm Ps1,mmHgPs2,mmHgFL,LPH P tp,sec Ei,kW Es,kW Q, m3/sec H, m Eo, kWno (%) np (%)
2420 2400 0.25 160 100 15750 8 10 0.9 0.72 4.38E-03 5.21 0.22 24.9 31.06
2420 2400 0.25 160 80 15500 8 10 0.9 0.72 4.31E-03 5.08 0.21 23.8 29.79
2420 2400 0.3 140 80 15000 8 10 0.9 0.72 4.17E-03 5.45 0.22 24.7 30.93
2420 2400 0.35 140 80 14500 8 10 0.9 0.72 4.03E-03 5.95 0.23 26.1 32.64
2420 2400 0.4 140 70 14000 8 10 0.9 0.72 3.89E-03 6.38 0.24 27.1 33.81
2420 2400 0.4 120 60 13500 8 10 0.9 0.72 3.75E-03 6.18 0.23 25.3 31.6
2420 2400 0.45 120 60 13000 8 10 0.9 0.72 3.61E-03 6.68 0.24 26.3 32.89
2420 2400 0.45 100 50 12500 8 10 0.9 0.72 3.47E-03 6.49 0.22 24.6 30.69
2420 2400 0.5 100 40 12000 8 10 0.9 0.72 3.33E-03 6.92 0.23 25.2 31.43
2420 2400 0.5 100 50 11500 8 10 0.9 0.72 3.19E-03 6.99 0.22 24.3 30.41
 Head vs Discharge
Single Stage Pump 1
Single Stage Pump 2
Parallel Stage
10 Series Stage

8
Head (m)

4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

F (LPH)
 Pump Efficiency vs Discharge

30
Efficiency (%)

25

20
Single Stage Pump 1
Single Stage Pump 2
15 Parallel Stage
Series Stage
4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000
F (LPH)
 Overall Efficiency vs Discharge
27.5
25.0
22.5
Efficiency (%)

20.0
17.5
15.0
Single Stage Pump 1
12.5 Single Stage Pump 2
Parallel Stage
Series Stage
10.0
4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000
F (LPH)
2.3 Sample Calculations

Figure 3

14
 Figure 4

3 Error Analysis:

15
t_ ytO"f" V\ ~ \ S'

LL) Q -::. . ~\_. -

~bcO t \ oo1)

--- b, '3 4'-l "'\0 ~?, / A'-L

z_
0

"" 8"' ""' tj l.9.s / + l;~), +u

[_ \-1. iO • £) (, 10

~~e_ _ s~ Yu.m\,- !

'rt -:: ;_J (t_o 1

!. td f st ·d, I> s_0~ \. \, tv
""1 b \-\ ""- ~J 1- 1>,o,;;) 1-G~o-,. lo) +1>

=1 ~'r\ -= ~k-~l 1- l~) l. ·""

-=) \ gk -: o •5\ 7 "'1.1

'
I

lt l \)
 -=-> ~\\-.:: i ~-bJ ~t} r ()
-;:,) \£.\I -:,. ½. 6.!: , '). \ l. 'rt'\ \

Q ( I
/ .
/
. j
I

. )
I
' !

I•

E- l,

.
lb ) _(_ \:) .i.. \ t>~ i,h ••
t.b
. !

. (.
4 Results and Discussion:
4.1 Results:
1. The Discharge obtained using the Parallel configuration is higher than Single
Stage and Series Configurations.

2. The Head loss decreases with increasing discharge for all configurations.

3. The Head loss for Series configuration is significantly higher than the Single
Stage Configurations.

4. Single Stage Pump-1 has higher head loss than Single Stage Pump-2.

5. Parallel Pump Configuration has the highest Pump and Overall efficiency fol-
lowed by Single Stage Pump 1 , Single Stage Pump 2 and Series Configuration
in that order.

6. We observed an increment in the Efficiency, attaining the maxima and the

decrement with flow rate as expected.

5 Remarks:
5.1 Precautions:
1. The vibrating Pressure Gauges should be held firmly while taking the readings.

2. The apparatus should not be run if the power supply is less than 180 volts and
above 230 volts.

3. The Delivery line and By-Pass line Valves should not be fully closed simulta-
neously.

4. The apparatus should be kept free of dust and clean water should be used.

5. If apparatus is not in use for more than half month, drain it should be drained
completely.

18
5.2 Sources of Error:
1. Parallex error may arise while noting the pressures from pressure gauage and
the flow rate from the rotameter.

2. Different Density of the stored water than from the clean water.

3. Cavitation in the Centrifugal Pump.

19