CATS AERO COLLEGE INC.

SALINAS DRIVE, LAHUG, CEBU CITY

A.Y. 2022-2023

“ARNIS”

MEMBERS:

GABUTAN, JAY
ALCANTARA, BASIL DOMINIC
ALCOBER, RAVEN GRACE
CARNALAN, JONALIE JANE
MICULOB, ROXANNE
TEMONIO, JIA TRIBEL
GERZON, BRUCE BRYAN
MALABO, RICKY
GOMEZ, FRANZ
BACALLA, LEMUEL
BITOON, JOHN ZYRIEL

INSTRUCTOR:

SIR CHARDY B. EMPINADO

INTRODUCTION: (REPORTER: GABUTAN)

Arnis, as a martial art, was spawned in Philippine soil. It was known in ancient
Philippines as kali, an ancient Malayan word that implies a large bladed weapon longer
than a knife. This art was practiced primarily for self-defense by the pre-Spanish
Filipinos who were noted for their friendly nature and legendary hospitality.

It also known as Kali or Eskrima/Escrima, is the national martial art of the Philippines.
The three are roughly interchangeable umbrella terms for the traditional martial arts of
the Philippines ("Filipino Martial Arts", or FMA), which emphasize weapon-based
fighting with sticks, knives, bladed weapons, and various improvised weapons, as well
as "open hand" techniques without weapons.

Arnis de mano is the best known and the most systematic fighting art in the
Philippines. It is a perfected art after a long historical development from the kali systems
designed to train the student to defend himself against armed or unarmed attacks.
HISTORY: (REPORTERS: GABUTAN & ALCANTARA)

 Arnis dates back before the colonization of the Spaniards, during those period it
was called Kali and the techniques focused on bladed weapon fighting.
 The name Kali was derived from the pre-Hispanic Filipino term “Kalis” which
meant Blades and Fencing.
 On the dawn of April 27, 1521 the Portuguese navigator and warrior named
Ferdinand Magellan was defeated by a native warrior chief named Lapu-lapu,
this was one of the first recorded incidents in which Kali was used against foreign
invaders.
 1564: The Spaniards returned to the Philippines landing at Abuyog, Leyte this
time. Led by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.
 Kali declined in popularity as early as 1596 when the Spanish Authorities
discouraged the practice of the art.
 1637: The friars introduced the Moro-moro, a socio religious play dramatizing the
triumph of the Christian Spaniards over the Muslim Moors of Granada, Spain.
With this, the interest in practicing Kali was revived.
 1764: The Spanish were unduly anxious about the possibility of an uprising by
the Filipinos, so they outlawed all forms of Kali including bladed weapons, thus
Kali was banned.
 1853: The name Kali was changed into Arnis (or Eskrima), a modification of the
term “Arnes” which means colorful tapping on defensive armor used on the Moro-
moro plays.
 Modern Arnis was founded by the late Remy Presas, it is a system of Filipino
Martial Arts (FMA) to be used as a self-defense system.
 1975: The National Arnis Association of the Philippines (NARAPHIL) was formed
by Gen. Fabian C. Ver and Rev. Gregorio Aglipay
 In July of 1986, ARPHI was established with the same objective as NARAPHIL.
 Arnis was declared as the Philippine National Martial Art and Sport on December
11, 2009 through Republic Act 9850 signed by Former Pres. Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo.
 2010: Arnis was included among the priority sports in Palarong Pambansa
(National Games).
RULES AND REGULATION: (REPORTER: CARNALAN)

How to Play?
(Basic Rules)
 earn points by legally attacking the opponent using stick on legal areas
 played by 2 individuals
 only allowed to hit above thighs
 Four Second Rule
> restricts participants from making the same strike more than twice in
succession
 breaking a rule = 2 warnings before disqualification
 fighter with most points WINS
 players are paired according to the division of weight categories
 outdoor competition
> minimum temp: not below 25°C (77°F)
 indoor competition
> min temp: not above 25°C (61°F)
 lighting apparatus located above the free space
 before the game starts, players must be positioned in the playing area (red-
coded → right of referee; blue coded → left of referee)

PARTICIPANTS

 Compositions (same for women's, men's / boy's, girls’ team)

1 player per weight division
1 coach
1 trainer
1 medical doctor
2 officiating Review Judges (RJs)
 men's team → max of 11
  Qualifications
 shall meet the weight division requirements

 medical certification (mentally and physically fit)

 sex test (if sex identity is in doubt)
 drug test (if in doubt)

Competition Rules
1. World Eskrima Kali Arnis Federation (“WEKAF”) System
 participants wear padded vests with skirts and sleeves and headgear that
resemble the one used in Kendo
 forbidden to hit their opponents below the thigh
 "Four-Second Rule" implemented in the system, no points are awarded if the
same strike is repeated more than twice in succession
 2. Arnis Philippines System (“ARPI”) System
 participants fight with a lightly padded stick that flexes hard impact
 hitting in the back of the head is strictly prohibited as the headgear is open from
behind
 large groin guard is required for male participants
 fights are observed by multiple judges stationed at various positions to observe if
the matches are going fair
 the loudness of the impact determines the strike strength.
 Thrusts to the body help to gain points but are harder to perform
 Punches, kicks and throws are prohibited, along with sticks' direct hit on the face
 Disarms must be performed clearly and quickly

Fouls
 Striking or thrusting to the groin.
 Blocking with the use of the arm
 Striking or thrusting using both hands
 Any act of pushing hand, head, body, legs, arm, stick and other similar
movements
 if a player steps out of the playing area
 Hitting a player at the back area (from the back of the head to the buttocks) is
considered foul unless the opponent intentionally turns his back
 If a player delays the game for more than ten (10) seconds.
 if a player hits multiple strikes or thrusts to one body part
 When the command of ‘hinto’ (stop) or ‘hiwalay’ (separate), any player who
attacks shall be given foul, but if the command and the attack fall at the same
time then this would not be considered as a foul
 A player who commits foul is given F1, F2, and F3, as per the case mentioned in
the scoreboard
 When a player commits three (3) fouls, then the player is declared the loser by
the referee for that particular round
EQUIPMENTS: (REPORTERS: MICULOB & TEMONIO)

Arnis / Kali / Eskrima are all part of the same art depending on the location, dialect, and
type of training. The one interpretation common to all of them is that Kali is the mother
art of Arnis and Eskrima. Moreover, Arnis focuses on the knife, including the dagger,
sword, and any other form of bladed weapon whereas Eskrima is based on the ‘baston’
or stick. Therefore, the equipment used in Arnis are:

1) Impact Weapon:

Baston: This is the most basic and common weapon in Arnis. Traditional common
materials used for wooden bastons are usually rattan, kamagong, and bahi wood. It is
also available in modern materials such as fiberglass and plastics and in metals like
aluminum.

Rattan: This is usually constructed from a stem of Southeast Asian vine. This stem is
hard and durable yet lightweight that makes the weapon useful for defense against
blades. At present, fighters use padded Bastons. The Baston (Baton) is about 28 inches
(71 cm) in length.

Kamagong (also known as Mabolo): This is a dark, dense, expensive type of wood
known for its hardness and weight. Kamagong is also an endangered species of ebony
wood.

Bahi: It is a type of wood made from the heart of a palm tree. It is like kamagong but is
made of a porous material in weight and density.

2) Edged Weapons: Knife, dagger, spear, etc. are edged weapons used throughout the
history for combat, hunting and ceremonies.
3) Head Gear: It is a necessity in Arnis combat. It is covered with high-grade leatherette
and vinyl that is printed with ethnic art. Its materials provide vital protection from head
strikes and a multi-thickness metal frame is developed for impact protection.

4) Body Armor: It is designed specially to provide complete upper body protection

while allowing mobility and protection. The armor is usually made of hard plastic and
vinyl for lightness and the lower panels are extended downwards to provide extra
coverage.

5) Leg Guard: These guards can be used to protect both thigh and the shin area and
are not only designed for protection but also for comfort and practicality.

6) Groin: It is a special padding for the lower abdomen. It has a groin cup to provide
complete protection to the groin area.

7) Hand Gloves: It is a thick rubber protection which serves as a protection from strikes
as the stick is held in hand. Its open palm design ensures a stable grip and finger
flexibility for impact absorption.

8) Arnis Clothing: The basic Arnis Uniform is made from twill fabric, which maintains
durability and comfort. It is specially designed after the classic Arnis uniform with Velcro
straps to close the flaps easily.
PROCEDURES: (REPORTERS: MALABO, GOMEZ, GERZON AND ALCOBERX)

Striking Techniques.

Left Temple Strike

From the forward stance, twist your wrist to an angle of 1 o’clock as you pull your
hand towards your shoulders to prepare for a strike. Swing your arm in the 1 o’clock
direction in a slashing action while placing the other hand on your chest. The action
should be a diagonal downward swing to the left temple of the enemy.

Right Temple Strike

This strike is similar to the left temple strike. The strike movement follows the 11
o’clock angle while the free hand is placed on the chest. This strike is a diagonal
downward backhand swing to the right temple of the enemy.

Left Torso Strike

The left torso strike involves the practitioner to extend the lead hand when striking
to deliver maximum force. This strike is a diagonal forehand slashing swing towards any
part of the body between the shoulder and the hips. When swinging the lead hand, the
turning force must initially come from the rear foot, then followed by the hip rotation to
make the blow more effective.

Right Torso Strike

Just like the left torso strike, again the practitioner will extend the weapon hand to
strike any part of the body on the right side between the shoulder and the hips. The arm
movement is a backhand slashing swing.

Thrust Strike
This strike is a powerful thrust to the solar plexus of the opponent. It can cause
fatal damage to the organs within the abdomen area. This move is most helpful when
you notice that the opponent is over-committing in his forward foot movement when
striking. This is an effective counter against a temple strike but remember to never
stretch out when doing the thrust strike. The force of the attack should come more from
the momentum of the opponent coming forward, and it should be more of a counter.
Using it as a casual strike opens the body to attacks from the opponent.

Left Chest Stab

This strike involves extending the arm in a thrusting motion with the palm facing
outward towards the left chest of the opponent.

Right Chest Stab

This strike is similar to the left chest stab but aim the thrust to the right chest of the
opponent. When done right, the opponent’s lungs will be damaged, which will make it
hard for him to breathe and even cause death.

Left Leg Strike

This technique involves striking the opponent’s lower leg, usually the knee or
ankle, to immobilize him. It is necessary to lower your lead leg and strike in a downward
diagonal slashing motion to the opponent’s leg with the palm facing upward. In
traditional Arnis, the aim of the technique is to just hit any part of the leg. However, in
Modern Arnis and Jeet-Kune-Do, the left leg strike should be aimed 6 inches above the
knee where a pressure point exists. When hit correctly, one blow could immobilize the
opponent.

Right Leg Strike

This technique is similar to the left leg strike but aims the strike at the right leg of
the opponent. The motion of this technique is a diagonal downward backhand swing.

Left Eye Poke

This technique is similar to the left chest stab but with the strike aimed at the left
eye socket. The goal of this attack is to take away the opponent’s vision and thus,
ending the fight faster.
Right Eye Poke
Just like the left eye poke, this technique takes away the opponent’s vision.
However, this technique is aimed at the right eye of the opponent.

Five Fundamental Forms of Arnis.

1. Solo Baston

Solo Baston also called as solo olisi, simulates a combative system utilizing one Long
weapon such as stick (for blunt weapon) and swords (for edged weapon) that focuses
on the use of the weapon hand especially in Long range while it goes in tandem with the
live hand (that is usually trained by Espada y Daga) for medium to close range.

Common single weapon used in Filipino Martial Arts are: (blunt) rattan stick, kamagong
stick, bahi stick; (edged): Parang, Itak, Gulok, Espada, Barong, Ginunting, among
others.

2. Doble Baston

Also referred to Double sticks, Doble Olisi, Dalawang Sandata ( 2 weapons), it

simulates a system of 2 weapons of equal length. Training with double weapons
develops ambidexterity and coordination between the 2 limbs.

Training with double weapons develops ambidexterity and coordination between the 2
limbs. We have a stronger limb and a weaker limb, being ambi- dexter means that your
weaker hand can do what the stronger hand can do. This can be developed through
proper training and coordination exercises and drills.

3. Espada

When an arnisador simultaneously uses a long and a short baston.

Espada y Daga comes in different names depending on the Long-short weapon
combination like baston y Daga, baston y dulo, bolo y Daga, etc.. Emphasis on the
weaker hand (called as the "live hand") to complement the stronger hand (called as the
"weapon hand") is also one of the focus of Espada y Daga.

4. Dos Manos

When holding the stick in two hands, the arnisador The stick is longer in this form,
measuring 35 to 45 inches from tip to tip.
Dos Manos simply means 'two hands' and is used here mainly to mean each hand
holding a stick (double sticks). The term also refers to a two-handed grip on a long
sword or stick. The general idea is that the first strike is like a shield, either blocking or
parrying. The next strike is the counter, or it can mean two manipulations before a
counter or a series of counters.

5. Mano-Mano

Often referred to as Empty Hand, Kamao (knuckles), Kuntao, or simply Mano

represents the interpretation and adaptation of weapon techniques to empty hands.
Opposite to common beliefs that Arnis is only weapon based (meaning you need
weapon to fight), Arnis is initially trained with weapons leading to empty hand
application, thus the same techniques learned using weapons such as sticks, swords,
knifes can be directly adapted into empty hands.

Two man drills is how a student is trained, under the management of a more
practiced Eskrimador. The most important and fundamental drill, known as “1 to 12”
entails alternate defense and blocks against the basic stick blows. The strikes are
performed in a particular pre-arranged order.

12 Pairs of Balintawak Eskrima

● Angles number 1 and 2 are lateral strikes from head's top to neck's base
● Angles 3 and 4 are lateral strikes from shoulders to hips. The primary targets are
the elbows, the hands, and the shoulders
 ● Angle 5 is a midline push from below upward
● Angles 6 and 7 are lateral strikes to the armpits or chest
● Angles 8 and 9 are lateral strikes from hips to feet. The target spots are the
shins, ankles, knees, or feet
● Angles 10 and 11 are lateral strikes to the neck or eyes
● Angle 12 is a midline strike from above downwards

Fundamentals

Speed - Proper torque makes the most power for finishing blows from the
shoulder and hip joints. To maximize the blow speed during the fighting, snap the wrist.
Much of the power is generated in this way as well. The use of the elbow and shoulder
joints are best at a distance.

Footwork - Will allow you to move in different directions easily, allowing you to
strike at different angles. You will need good footwork to adapt to your opponent's
movements. Must take note of weight distribution, leaning, twisting, level, and slumping.

Distance & Range - Controlling the space between you and your enemy might
be the most significant factor towards achieving victory in a fight.
● 1st – outside range - No contact made with a weapon or foot. Temporarily
assumed as a safe position.
● 2nd – long-distance range - enable you to successfully strike the enemy
with a long weapon or a leg, without stepping.
● 3rd – punching range - This range will enable you to hit your enemy with
close kicks, hand, or a knife.
● 4th – in the – fighting range – At this point, you can utilize hook punches,
elbows, disarms, uppercuts
● 5th – grappling range – You may utilize judo and wrestling kind
groundwork and take-downs.
 Positioning Yourself - When positioning yourself in proportion to the opponent,
you should control your distance. If you control the distance, you can control the fight.
Remember that different styles and techniques are appropriate for various ranges.

It is mainly self-defense system designed to protect you from injury while

inflecting the biggest amount of damage to the body of your opponent. This martial arts
involves the use of many weapons, strikes and different footworks. I have always seen
that one of the most favored weapons by Arnis practitioners is the stick or the baton.
Traditionally speaking, the same strikes can be used with different weapons like
daggers and swords.

Arnis stances is the combination of foot orientation and the distribution of the
body. It also involves the position of your legs and torso, whether you are attacking,
defending, retreating or advancing. Stances are done so that you can gain competitive
advantage over the balance of your opponent, whether you are practicing Arnis training
or actually involved in an actual fight.

7 Arnis Stances

1. Ready Stance

This is the most common used stance when you are standing at ease. You can use
this stance in tournaments and fights before you start engaging with the opponent.
In this stance you need to stand with your toes pointing forward and your feet parallel to
your shoulders. Standing with your feet apart gives you balance so that you can move
to the next position and attack your opponent.

You need to keep your knees straight and your whole body facing forward.

Your hands should be on the waist level either you are holding two batons or one
with another weapon.
2. Attention Stance

This stance is different from the ready stance, since you stand with your feet
forming a 45 degrees angle. Your torso and the legs should be facing forward while
keeping the knees straight. In this stance, you will stand with the heels close to each
other and the shoulders dropped to the sides. Both hands should be kept at the waist
level. This attention stance is usually used for courtesy in preparation for a fight at the
beginning before sparring.

3. Forward Stance

As you start from the ready stance, you will have to move one foot to the front. You
will have to do this until your toes and your knee are in line with each other. Your toes,
torso and waist will be facing forward, hence the name of the stance. Make sure that
your foot is not too much extended or the body is too low, otherwise it will be hard to
maneuver or attack from this position. You should be able to distribute the weight of the
body equally on both legs. There are two types of forward stances. The right foot stance
or the left foot one, depending on the foot you are extending to the front. It is usually
used in striking or blocking techniques.

4. Oblique Stance

This stance starts again from the ready stance. In this stance, you will start moving
one foot in 45 degrees angle until the toes and the knees are in line with each other.
The foot is moved forward away from the body to reach the right position. Your moving
foot is called the lead foot.

You will have to move your body in the same direction of the lead foot. The waist
and the torso are kept moving to the front along with the toes.

It is essential not to extend your feet too much to the front or lower your body too
much otherwise it will be hard to move and maneuver. And it is critical to keep your
body weight equally distributed on both legs. Again the oblique stance can be right or
left foot led depending on the foot you choose to move. This stance is used in blocking
and evasion.

5. Straddle Stance

You should start from the ready stance then move either the left or right foot for a
distance of 2 feet to the left or right direction. This is done until both lower legs are now
perpendicular to the ground. The whole body, the legs and the toes should be facing
forward to make sure that this stance is a success. It is crucial to make sure that the
feet are not too extended as this makes you in a position where you are unable to move
properly in order to attack or defend.

The name of this stance is due to the resemblance to the position a horse rider
would maintain. This is why it is also sometimes called the Horseback Riding Stance.

This stance is one of the most efficient stances used to block the strikes
especially to the side of the body.

6. Side Stance

This is very close to the straddle stance as you again start from the steady stance
then move your feet either to the right or the left. However, in this position the moving
foot will be kept perpendicular to the ground while the other leg would be extended.
This Arnis stances somehow looks as if you are about to engage in a side kick. Again,
the torso, the legs and the toes should be kept pointing forward. Also, it is very
important to make sure that the body is not too low by extending your foot too far to the
side. You can engage in a right side stance or a left side stance depending on the foot
you choose to move.

This stance is usually used in evasion techniques or strike deflection.

7. Back Stance

As the name suggests, in this stance the foot is moved to the back rather than the
side. You will start from the ready stance then extend his foot to the back in a 45
degrees angle away from the body. While the legs are in a straddle position, the heels
should form an imaginary “L” shape. The weight of the body should be equally
distributed on both legs and it is very important not to extend the foot too far.
Back stances can be done by extending the right or left foot. They are used in back
evasion techniques and in blocking.