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Day 8 & 9 of 45 Pea 2023 24
Day 8 & 9 of 45 Pea 2023 24
DAY
8
Understanding the Rig Components
Rotary System
45 Days Long Circulation
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System
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Industrial Well Control
Tubular Handling System
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System,
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Derrick or Mast and Substructure
◊ DERRICK is a large load bearing structure, usually of bolted construction. The standard derrick has
four legs standing at the corners of the substructure.
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Derrick or Mast and Substructure
◊ MAST is a portable derrick that can be raised as unit. For transporting by land, the mast can be
divided into two or more section.
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Derrick or Mast and Substructure
◊ SUBSTRUCTURE is the foundation in which the derrick or mast and usually the Drawworks sit. It
contains space for storage and well control equipment.
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Prime Movers are a Source of Power
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Power System – Prime Movers
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Hoisting System
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Rotating System - Swivel
◊ The rotary tool that is hung from the hook of the traveling block to suspend the drillstring and permit
it to rotate freely.
◊ It also provides connection for the rotary hose and provide passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into
the drillstem.
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Rotating System - Kelly Spinner
◊ A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that when actuated causes the Kelly to
spin.
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Rotating System - Kelly
◊ The heavy steel member, usually four or six-sided that is suspended from the Swivel through the Rotary
Table and connected to the topmost joint of drillpipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns.
◊ It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the drill stem and up the annulus or
vise versa.
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Rotating System – Rotary Table
◊ Equipment used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly.
◊ It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and opening into which bushings are
fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly.
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Circulating System
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Circulating System
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Circulating System – Solids Control System
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Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment
1. Drill Pipe
2. Drill Collar
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Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment
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Tubulus handling at the Rig Floor
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Drill Bit
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Drilling Progress Chart
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Agenda: Drilling Fluids
DAY
9
Functions of Drilling Fluid
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While Drilling Through the Formations
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Prevent Formation Fluids Flowing into the Wellbore
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formation to fracture and this will result in the loss of
Virtual expensive mud into the formation.
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known as lost circulation. This is because a certain
proportion of the mud is not returning to surface but
flowing into the formation.
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Prevent Formation Fluids Flowing into the Wellbore
P = ρ x g x h = 0.052 x MW x TVD
Where,
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Cool and Lubricate the Bit
The rock cutting process will, in particular with PDC bits, generate
a great deal of heat at the bit. Unless the bit is cooled, it will
overheat and quickly wear out.
The circulation of the drilling fluid will cool the bit down and help
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Maintain Wellbore Stability
Maintaining a stable wellbore is of primary
importance during drilling and production of oil and
gas wells.
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Maintain Wellbore Stability
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Field Tests – Mud Density/Mud Weight
The density of the drilling mud can be determined with the help of a mud balance, where the cup of the balance
is completely filled with a sample of the mud and the lid placed firmly on top (some mud should escape through
the hole in the lid).
The balance arm is placed on the base and the rider adjusted until the arm is level. The density can be read
directly off the graduated scale at the left-hand side of the rider.
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Virtual Mud densities are usually reported to the nearest 0.1 ppg (lbs per gallon). Other units in common use are lbs/ft3,
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Field Tests – Mud Density/Mud Weight
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wNEN6SOa7M
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Field Tests – Viscosity (Marsh Funnel Viscometer)
The essential elements of the device are a plumb bob attached to a torsion spring and deflection gauge and a
cylinder which can be rotated at a range of rotary speeds.
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The plumb bob is suspended inside the
Virtual
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Oil & Gas of the drilling mud. When the outer cylinder is
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plumb bob is sheared.
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API Filter Press
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API Filter Press
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HP API Filter Press
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Common Additives used in WBM and OBM
1. Weighting Materials
2. Viscosifiers
7. Lubricating Materials
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Mud Tank
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Mud Pumps
Positive displacement type pumps are used (reciprocating pistons) to deliver the high volumes and high
pressures required to circulate mud through the drillstring and up the annulus.
The discharge line from the mud pumps is connected to the standpipe – a steel pipe mounted vertically
on one leg of the derrick. A flexible rubber hose (kelly hose) connects the top of the standpipe to the
swivel via the gooseneck.
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Mud Circulation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KovWXkppGOQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qqVLHOot2A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRSIDDTSTR4
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