Unit
69 Countable and uncountable 1
A A noun can be countable or uncountable:
Countable
I eat a banana every day.
I like bananas.
Banana is a countable noun.
A countable noun can be singular (banana)
or plural (bananas).
We can use numbers with countable nouns.
So we can say one banana, two bananas
etc.
Examples of nouns usually countable:
Kate was singing a song.
There’s a nice beach near here.
Do you have a ten-pound note?
It wasn’t your fault. It was an accident.
There are no batteries in the radio.
We don’t have enough cups.
B You can use a/an with singular countable
nouns:
a beach a student an umbrella
You cannot use singular countable nouns alone
(without a/the/my etc.):
Do you want a banana?
(not want banana)
There’s been an accident.
(not There’s been accident)
You can use plural countable nouns alone:
I like bananas. (= bananas in general)
Accidents can be prevented.
C You can use some and any with plural
countable nouns:
We sang some songs.
Did you buy any apples?
We use many and few with plural countable
nouns:
We didn’t take many pictures.
I have a few things to do.
Countable and uncountable 2 ➜ Unit 70 children / the children ➜ Unit 75
138 many/much/few/little ➜ Unit 87
Uncountable
I eat rice every day.
I like rice.
Rice is an uncountable noun.
An uncountable noun has only one form (rice).
There is no plural.
We cannot use numbers with uncountable
nouns. We cannot say ‘one rice’, ‘two rices’
etc.
Examples of nouns usually uncountable:
Kate was listening to music.
There’s sand in my shoes.
Do you have any money?
It wasn’t your fault. It was bad luck.
There is no electricity in this house.
We don’t have enough water.
We do not use a/an with uncountable nouns.
We do not say ‘a sand’, ‘a music’, ‘a rice’.
But you can often use a … of. For example:
a bowl / a packet / a grain of rice
You can use uncountable nouns alone
(without the/my/some etc.):
I eat rice every day.
There’s blood on your shirt.
Can you hear music?
You can use some and any with uncountable
nouns:
We listened to some music.
Did you buy any apple juice?
We use much and little with uncountable
nouns:
We didn’t do much shopping.
I have a little work to do.
some and any ➜ Unit 85
 Unit
Exercises 69
69.1 Some of these sentences need a/an. Correct the sentences where necessary.
1 Joe goes everywhere by bike. He doesn’t have car. He doesn’t have a car.
2 Helen was listening to music when I arrived. OK
3 We went to very nice restaurant last weekend.
4 I brush my teeth with toothpaste.
5 I use toothbrush to brush my teeth.
6 Can you tell me if there’s bank near here?
7 My brother works for insurance company.
8 I don’t like violence.
9 When we were in Rome, we stayed in big hotel.
10 If you have problem, I’ll try and help you.
11 I like your suggestion. It’s interesting idea.
12 Can you smell paint?
13 I like volleyball. It’s good game.
14 Lisa doesn’t usually wear jewellery.
15 Jane was wearing beautiful necklace.
16 Does this city have airport?

69.2 Complete the sentences using the following words. Use a/an where necessary.
accident biscuit blood coat decision electricity
ice interview key moment music question

1 The road is closed. There’s been an accident .

2 Listen! Can you hear music ?
3 I couldn’t get into the house. I didn’t have .
4 It’s very warm today. Why are you wearing ?
5 Would you like in your drink?
6 Are you hungry? Have !
7 Our lives would be very difficult without .
8 Excuse me, can I ask you ?
9 I’m not ready yet. Can you wait , please?
10 The heart pumps through the body.
11 We can’t delay much longer. We have to make soon.
12 I had for a job yesterday. It went quite well.

69.3 Complete the sentences using the following words:

air day friend joke language meat
patience people picture queue space umbrella

Sometimes the word needs to be plural (-s), and sometimes you need to use a/an.
1 I had a camera with me, but I didn’t take any pictures .
2 There are seven in a week.
3 A vegetarian is a person who doesn’t eat .
4 Outside the cinema there was of people waiting to see the film.
5 I’m not good at telling .
6 Last night I went out with some of mine.
7 There were very few in town today. The streets were almost empty.
8 I’m going out for a walk. I need some fresh .
9 Paul always wants things quickly. He doesn’t have much .
10 I think it’s going to rain. Do you have I could borrow?
11 How many can you speak?
12 Our flat is very small. We don’t have much .

139
Unit
70 Countable and uncountable 2
A Many nouns are sometimes countable, and sometimes uncountable. Usually there is a difference in meaning.
Compare:
Countable Uncountable
Did you hear a noise just now? I can’t work here. There’s too much
(= a specific noise) noise. (= noise in general)
I bought a paper to read. I need some paper to write on.
(= a newspaper) (= material for writing on)
There’s a hair in my soup! You’ve got very long hair. (not hairs)
(= one single hair) (= all the hair on your head)
This is a nice room. You can’t sit here. There isn’t room.
(= a room in a house) (= space)
I had some interesting experiences I was offered the job because I had a
while I was travelling. lot of experience. (not experiences)
(= things that happened to me) (= experience of that type of job)
Enjoy your trip. Have a great time! I can’t wait. I don’t have time.

Coffee/tea/juice/beer etc. (drinks) are normally uncountable:

I don’t like coffee very much.
But you can say a coffee (= a cup of coffee), two coffees (= two cups) etc. :
Two coffees and an orange juice, please.

B These nouns are usually uncountable:

accommodation behaviour damage luck permission traffic
advice bread furniture luggage progress weather
baggage chaos information news scenery work

We do not normally use a/an with these nouns:

I’m going to buy some bread. or … a loaf of bread. (not a bread)
Enjoy your holiday! I hope you have good weather. (not a good weather)
These nouns are not usually plural (so we do not say ‘breads’, ‘furnitures’ etc.):
Where are you going to put all your furniture? (not furnitures)
Let me know if you need more information. (not informations)
News is uncountable, not plural:
The news was unexpected. (not The news were)
Travel (noun) means ‘travelling in general’ (uncountable). We do not say ‘a travel’ to mean a trip
or a journey:
They spend a lot of money on travel.
We had a very good trip/journey. (not a good travel)
Compare these countable and uncountable nouns:

Countable Uncountable
I’m looking for a job. I’m looking for work. (not a work)
What a beautiful view! What beautiful scenery!
It’s a nice day today. It’s nice weather today.
We had a lot of bags. We had a lot of baggage/luggage.
These chairs are mine. This furniture is mine.
That’s a good suggestion. That’s good advice.
There were a lot of cars. There was a lot of traffic.

140 Countable and uncountable 1 ➜ Unit 69 American English ➜ Appendix 7

 Unit
Exercises 70
70.1 Which is correct?
1 a The engine is making strange noise / a strange noise. What is it? (a strange noise is correct)
b We live near a busy road so there’s a lot of noise / there are a lot of noises.
2 a Light / A light comes from the sun.
b I thought there was somebody in the house because there was light / a light on inside.
3 a I was in a hurry this morning. I didn’t have time / a time for breakfast.
b We really enjoyed our holiday. We had great time / a great time.
4 a Can I have glass of water / a glass of water, please?
b Be careful. The window has been broken and there’s broken glass / a broken glass on the floor.
5 a We stayed at a hotel. We had very nice room / a very nice room.
b We have a big garage. There’s room / a room for two cars.

70.2 Which is correct?

1 Did you have nice weather / a nice weather when you were away? (nice weather is correct)
2 We were very unfortunate. We had bad luck / a bad luck.
3 Our travel / journey from Paris to Moscow by train was very tiring.
4 When the fire alarm rang, there was complete chaos / a complete chaos.
5 Bad news don’t / doesn’t make people happy.
6 There’s some lovely scenery / a lovely scenery in this part of the country.
7 I like my job, but it’s very hard work / a very hard work.
8 I want to print some documents, but the printer is out of paper / papers.
9 The trip took a long time. There was heavy traffic / a heavy traffic.
10 Your hair is / Your hairs are too long. You should have it / them cut.

70.3 Complete the sentences using the following words. Use the plural (-s) where necessary.
advice chair damage experience experience
furniture hair luggage permission progress
1 We didn’t have much luggage – just two small bags.
2 We have no , not even a bed or a table.
3 There is room for everybody to sit down. There are plenty of .
4 Who is that woman with short ? Do you know her?
5 Carla’s English is better than it was. She’s made good .
6 If you want to take pictures here, you need to ask for .
7 I didn’t know what I should do, so I asked Chris for .
8 I don’t think Dan should get the job. He doesn’t have enough .
9 Kate has done many interesting things. She could write a book about her .
10 The caused by the storm will cost a lot to repair.

70.4 What do you say in these situations? Use the word in brackets in your sentence.
1 Your friends have just arrived at the station. You can’t see any cases or bags. You ask:
(luggage) Do you have any luggage ?
2 You go to a tourist office. You want to know about places to visit in the town.
(information) I’d like .
3 You are a student. You want your teacher to advise you about which courses to do. You say:
(advice) Can you give ?
4 You applied for a job and you’ve just heard that you were successful. You call Tom and say:
(good news) Hi, Tom. I . I got the job!
5 You are at the top of a mountain. You can see a very long way. It’s beautiful. You say:
(view) It , isn’t it?
6 You look out of the window. The weather is horrible: cold, wet and windy. You say:
(weather) What !

141
Unit
71 Countable nouns with a/an and some
A Countable nouns can be singular or plural:
a dog a child the evening this party an umbrella
dogs some children the evenings these parties two umbrellas
Before singular countable nouns you can use a/an:
Bye! Have a nice evening.
Do you need an umbrella?
You cannot use singular countable nouns alone (without a/the/my etc.):
She never wears a hat. (not wears hat)
Be careful of the dog.
What a beautiful day!
Did you hurt your leg?

B We use a/an … to say what kind of thing something is, or what kind of person somebody is:
That’s a nice table.
In the plural we use the noun alone (not some …):
Those are nice chairs. (not some nice chairs)
Compare singular and plural:

A dog is an animal. Dogs are animals.

I’m an optimist. We’re optimists.
My father is a doctor. My parents are both doctors.
Jane is a really nice person. Jane and Ben are really nice people.
What a lovely dress! What awful shoes!

We say that somebody has a long nose / a nice face / blue eyes / long fingers etc. :

Jack has a long nose. Jack has blue eyes.

(not the long nose) (not the blue eyes)

We use a/an when we say what somebody’s job is:

Sandra is a nurse. (not Sandra is nurse)
Would you like to be an English teacher?

C You can use some with plural countable nouns. We use some in two ways.
(1) some = a number (of) / a few (of) / a pair (of):
I’ve seen some good movies recently. (not I’ve seen good movies)
Some friends of mine are coming to stay at the weekend.
I need some new sunglasses. (= a new pair of sunglasses)
Often you can say the same thing with or without some. For example:
I need (some) new clothes.
The room was empty apart from a table and (some) chairs.
Do not use some when you are talking about things in general (see Unit 75):
I love bananas. (not some bananas)
My aunt is a writer. She writes books. (not some books)
(2) some = some but not all:
Some children learn very quickly. (but not all children)
Tomorrow there will be rain in some places, but most of the country will be dry.

142 Countable and uncountable ➜ Units 69–70 a/an and the ➜ Unit 72 some and any ➜ Unit 85
 Unit
Exercises 71
71.1 What are these things? Choose from the box and write a sentence.
1 an eagle It’s a bird.
2 a pigeon, a duck and a penguin They’re birds. bird(s)
flower(s)
3 carrots and onions
game(s)
4 a tulip
insect(s)
5 Earth, Mars and Jupiter language(s)
6 chess planet(s)
7 a hammer, a saw and a screwdriver river(s)
8 the Nile, the Rhine and the Mekong tool(s)
9 a mosquito vegetable(s)
10 Hindi, Arabic and Swahili

71.2 Read about what these people do. What are their jobs? Choose from:
chef interpreter journalist nurse plumber surgeon tour guide waiter
1 Sarah looks after patients in hospital. She’s a nurse.
2 Gary works in a restaurant. He brings the food to the tables. He
3 Jane writes articles for a newspaper.
4 Kevin works in a hospital. He operates on people.
5 Jonathan cooks in a restaurant.
6 Dave installs and repairs water pipes.
7 Anna shows visitors round her city and tells them about it.
8 Lisa translates what people are saying from one language into another, so that they can understand
each other.

71.3 Which is right?

1 Most of my friends are students / some students. (students is correct)
2 Are you careful driver / a careful driver?
3 I went to the library and borrowed books / some books.
4 Mark works in a bookshop. He sells books / some books.
5 I’ve been walking for hours. I’ve got sore feet / some sore feet.
6 I don’t feel very well. I’ve got sore throat / a sore throat.
7 What lovely present / a lovely present! Thank you very much.
8 I met students / some students in a cafe yesterday. They were from China.
9 It might rain. Don’t go out without umbrella / without an umbrella.
10 People / Some people learn languages more easily than others.

71.4 Put in a/an or some where necessary. If no word is necessary, leave the space empty.
1 I’ve seen some good movies recently.
2 Are you feeling all right? Do you have a headache?
3 I know lots of people. Most of them are − students.
4 When I was child, I used to be very shy.
5 birds, for example the penguin, cannot fly.
6 Would you like to be actor?
7 Questions, questions, questions! You’re always asking questions!
8 I didn’t expect to see you. What surprise!
9 Do you like staying in hotels?
10 Tomorrow is a holiday. shops will be open, but most of them will be closed.
11 Those are nice shoes. Where did you get them?
12 You need visa to visit countries, but not all of them.
13 Kate is teacher. Her parents were teachers too.
14 I don’t believe him. He’s liar. He’s always telling lies.

143
 Key to Exercises

65.3 UNIT 67 68.4

2 glad 6 amazed 2 Thinking they might be hungry, …
67.1
3 to hear 7 to make 3 Being a vegetarian, …
1 b give
4 of you 8 not 4 Not having a phone, …
2 a stopped
5 to help 9 silly 5 Having travelled a lot, …
b stop
6 Not being able to speak the local
65.4 3 a open
language, …
2 Paul was the last (person) to arrive. b opened
7 Having spent nearly all our money, …
3 Emily was the only student to pass 4 a say
(the exam). / … the only one to pass b said (says is also possible)
(the exam). 5 a fell
UNIT 69
4 I was the second customer/person to b fall 69.1
complain. 3 We went to a very nice restaurant …
67.2
5 Neil Armstrong was the first person/ 4 OK
2 We saw Clare eating/sitting in a
man to walk on the moon. 5 I use a toothbrush …
restaurant.
6 … if there’s a bank near here?
65.5 3 We saw David and Helen playing
7 … for an insurance company.
2 You’re / You are bound to be tired tennis.
8 OK
3 He’s / He is sure to forget 4 We could smell something burning.
9 … we stayed in a big hotel.
4 It’s / It is not likely to rain or 5 We could hear Bill playing his/the
10 If you have a problem …
It isn’t likely to rain guitar.
11 … It’s an interesting idea.
5 There’s / There is sure to be 6 We saw Linda jogging/running.
12 OK
67.3 13 … It’s a good game.
UNIT 66 3 say 8 explode 14 OK
66.1 4 happen 9 crawling 15 … wearing a beautiful necklace.
3 I’m afraid of losing it. 5 crying 10 riding 16 … have an airport?
4 I was afraid to tell her. 6 put 11 slam
69.2
5 We were afraid of missing our train. 7 tell 12 lying
3 a key 8 a question
6 We were afraid to look.
4 a coat 9 a moment
7 I was afraid of dropping it. UNIT 68 5 ice 10 blood
8 Don’t be afraid to ask.
68.1 6 a biscuit 11 a decision
9 I was afraid of running out of petrol.
2 Amy was sitting in an armchair 7 electricity 12 an interview
66.2 reading a book.
69.3
2 interested in starting 3 Nicola opened the door carefully
2 days 8 air
3 interested to know / interested to hear trying not to make a noise.
3 meat 9 patience
4 interested in studying 4 Sarah went out saying she would be
4 a queue 10 an umbrella
5 interested to hear / interested to back in an hour.
5 jokes 11 languages
know (interested in hearing/knowing 5 Lisa worked in Rome for two years
6 friends 12 space
is also possible here) teaching English.
7 people
6 interested in looking 6 Anna walked around the town looking
at the sights and taking pictures.
66.3 UNIT 70
2 sorry to hear 68.2
70.1
3 sorry for saying / sorry I said 2 I got very wet walking in the rain.
1 b there’s a lot of noise
4 sorry to see 3 Laura had an accident driving to
2 a Light
5 sorry for making / sorry I made work.
b a light
4 My friend slipped and fell getting off
66.4 3 a time
a bus.
1 b to leave b a great time
5 Emily hurt her back trying to lift a
c from leaving 4 a a glass of water
heavy box.
2 a to solve b broken glass
6 Two people were overcome by
b to solve 5 a a very nice room
smoke trying to put out the fire.
c in solving b room
3 a of going / about going 68.3
70.2
b to go (or on going) Example answers:
2 bad luck
c to go 2 Having bought our tickets / Having
3 journey
d to going got our tickets
4 complete chaos
4 a to buy 3 Having discussed the problem /
5 doesn’t
b on buying Having talked about the problem /
6 some lovely scenery
c to buy Having thought about the problem
7 very hard work
d of buying 4 Having said he was hungry
8 paper
5 Having lost his job / Having given up
9 heavy traffic
his job / Having been fired from his job
10 Your hair is … it
6 Having spent most of his life / Having
lived (for) most of his life

350
 Key to Exercises

70.3 UNIT 72 UNIT 73

2 furniture 7 advice
72.1 73.1
3 chairs 8 experience
1 … and a magazine. The book is in 1 a lift
4 hair 9 experiences
my bag, but I can’t remember where 2 a nice holiday … the best holiday
5 progress 10 damage
I put the magazine. 3 the nearest shop … the end of this
6 permission
2 I saw an accident this morning. A street
70.4 car crashed into a tree. The driver of 4 a lovely day … a cloud in the sky
2 I’d like some information about the car wasn’t hurt, but the car was 5 the most expensive hotel … a
places to visit (in the town). badly damaged. cheaper hotel
3 Can you give me some advice about 3 … a blue one and a grey one. The 6 to travel in space … go to the moon
which courses to do? / … courses I blue one belongs to my neighbours. 7 think of the movie … I thought the
can do? I don’t know who the owner of the ending …
4 I’ve (just) got some good news. / grey one is. 8 Is it a star? No, it’s a planet. It’s the
I’ve (just) had some good news. / 4 My friends live in an old house in a largest planet in the solar system.
I (just) got some good news. small village. There is a beautiful
73.2
5 It’s a beautiful view (from here), garden behind the house. I would
2 TV
isn’t it? like to have a garden like that.
3 the radio
6 What horrible/awful weather!
72.2 4 The television
1 a a 4 a the 5 dinner
UNIT 71 b the b a 6 the same name
71.1 c the c an 7 for breakfast
3 They’re vegetables. 2 a a 5 a the 8 vitamin C
4 It’s a flower. b a b a 9 the internet
5 They’re planets. c the c a 10 the ground … the sky
6 It’s a game. 3 a the 11 The next train … platform 3
7 They’re tools. b the
73.3
8 They’re rivers. c a
2 … doing the same thing
9 It’s an insect.
72.3 3 Room 25 is on the second floor.
10 They’re languages.
2 the dentist 4 It was a very hot day. It was the
71.2 3 the door hottest day of the year.
2 He’s a waiter. 4 a problem 5 We had lunch in a nice restaurant by
3 She’s a journalist. 5 the station the sea.
4 He’s a surgeon. 6 the post office 6 What’s on at the cinema …
5 He’s a chef. 7 a very good player 7 I had a big breakfast …
6 He’s a plumber. 8 an airport 8 You’ll find the information you need
7 She’s a tour guide. 9 The nearest airport at the top of page 15.
8 She’s an interpreter. 10 the floor
73.4
71.3 11 the book
2 the sea
2 a careful driver 12 a job in a bank
3 question 3
3 some books 13 a small apartment in the city centre
4 the cinema
4 books 14 a shop at the end of the street
5 the question
5 sore feet 72.4 6 breakfast
6 a sore throat Example answers: 7 Gate 24
7 a lovely present 2 About once a month. 8 the gate
8 some students 3 Once or twice a year.
9 without an umbrella 4 About seven hours a night. UNIT 74
10 Some people 5 Two or three times a week. 74.1
71.4 6 About two hours a day. 2 school
4 a 7 50 kilometres an hour. 3 the school
5 Some 4 school
6 an 5 … get to and from school
7 – (You’re always asking questions!) 6 the school
8 a 7 school
9 – (Do you like staying in hotels?) 8 … walk to school. The school isn’t …
10 Some
11 – (Those are nice shoes.)
12 You need a visa to visit some
countries
13 Kate is a teacher. Her parents were
teachers too.
14 He’s a liar. He’s always telling lies.

351