CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PARTS OF THE BLOOD

WHAT IS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? RED BLOOD CELLS OR ERYTHROCYTES

 Responsible for the distribution of  Carries oxygen

food, water, salts etc.  Produced by the BONE MARROW
 The main task is to MAINTAIN and is present in the blood.
“HOMEOSTASIS”  Have IRON that contains a protein
called HEMOGLOBIN.
THREE MAIN PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY
 HEMOGLOBIN allows the
SYSTEM
transport of oxygen throughout
BLOOD the bloodstream.

 Carrier of oxygen, nutrients, and WHITE BLOOD CELLS OR

wastes. LEUKOCYTES
 Maintain PH level, temperature, and
 Fight microbial attack
osmotic pressure that are important
 Support the body’s defenses
for HOMEOSTASIS.
against illness and infection.
KINDS OF BLOOD  TWO TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS

 OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD (OXYGENATED) o GRANULOCYTES (COMMON)

 NEUTROPHILS
Pushed throughout the body.
Kills bacteria
o Blood traveling TO the body cells.  EOSINOPHILS
o High oxygen content. Kills parasitic worms
o Low carbon dioxide content.  BASOPHILS
 OXYGEN-POOR BLOOD Attract other white
(DEOXYGENATED) blood cells
o AGRANULOCYTES (LACK
Enters the heart to process until it goes to
GRANULE)
the lungs to get oxygen and give or
 LYMPHOCYTES
release carbon dioxide.
Fights virus and
o Blood traveling AWAY from the body
tumors
cells.
Give rise to plasma
o Low oxygen content.
 MONOCYTES
o High carbon dioxide content.
 Eats intruders
BLOOD VESSELS
 Channels or conduits through which
blood is distributed to body tissues.
 Make up of two closed systems of tube
that begin and end at the heart.
THREE VARIETIES OF BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES
Main highway
VEINS of blood
CAPILLARIES
ARTERIES
o TUNICA EXTERNA OR TUNICA
 Carry oxygenated blood away from
the heart.
 Each artery consist of three layers and
is a muscular tube bordered by
smooth tissue.
3 TUNICS UNDER ARTERIES
o TUNICA INTERNA OR INTIMA
 Consists of single sheet of
endothelial cells and a thin
subendothelial extracellular
matrix (ECM).
 Made of endothelium that
minimizes friction as blood
travels.
o TUNICA MEDIA
 Middle region of the vessel
wall and is composed of thin,
cylindrical, smooth muscle
cells and connective tissue.
 Made up of smooth muscle cell
and elastic fibers.
NOTE: Smooth muscle cells are
regulated by AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM. This system initiate or
produce VASOCONSTRICTION
(muscle contract, vessel narrow) or
VASODILATION (muscle relaxes,
vessels widen) Moreover, this is
important for regulating BLOOD
PRESSURE.
ADVENTITIA
 Outermost tunica which
encircles the tunica media.
 Collagen makes up the
majority of it, and in arteries,
external elastic lamina serves
as support.
NOTE: It is made of collage fibers for
PROTECTION and STRUCTURAL
REINFORCEMENT.
CAPILLARIES
 Found in capillary bed.
 Delicate blood vessels that
transport blood, nutrients,
and oxygen to cells in organs
and body systems.
  It is the smallest blood vessels SYSTEMATIC CIRCUIT/VEIN
in the Vascular system.
 Blood leaving the heart is
It has thin tunica intima and pericytes OXYGENATED BLOOD.
which stabilize capillary walls.
HEART
 Delivers oxygen and glucose
 Muscle at the centre of the circulation
to the heart.
system.
 EPITHELIAL CELLS
 Heart’s tissue is mainly Cardiac
 Surrounds the Endothelial cells
muscle; it is richly supplied with
 ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
blood vessels.
 Regulates exchange in the
bloodstream. HEART COVERINGS

VEINS o PERICARDIUM
 Covers the roots of the major
 Carry deoxygenated blood to the
blood vessels as they extend
heart.
from your heart.
 Located throughout the body that
 Protects heart and maintain
collects oxygen-poor blood and
its position.
returns it to the heart.
 Contains two walls which are
 The smallest vein is called VENULES.
the Fibrous and Serous
PULMONARY VS. SYSTEMATIC pericardium.
 Also has two layers, the
PULMONARY CIRCUIT/VEIN
Parietal and visceral layer or
 Transport oxygen-poor the Pericardium (outermost
(deoxygenated) from the heart’s right layer of the heart).
ventricle to the lungs. o MYOCARDIUM
 It transport Oxygenated blood back to  It is the thickest layer which
the heart’s left atrium. lies between the single-cell
 Blood leaving the heart is endocardium layer and outer
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD. epicardium which makes up
the visceral pericardium.
 Makes up most of the heart
  Made up of Cardiac muscle and
the rest are made up of
“connective tissue fibers”.
 CTF forms dense network
known Cardiac skeleton which
provides structural support,
o ENDOCARDIUM
 Innermost layer of tissue that
covers the heart.
 Endothelial cells that line blood
vessels are biologically and
embryologically similar to their
cells.
 White sheet on endothelium
and this lines heart chambers.
FOUR CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
 TWO UPPER CHAMBERS
Separated by INTERATRIAL SEPTUM
and it RECEIVES BLOOD
 LEFT ATRIUM (OXYGENATED)
-Receives blood full of oxygen from
the lungs and then empties the blood
into the left ventricle.
-Has four entryways: Pulmonary
Veins.
 RIGHT ATRIUM (DEOXYGENATED)
-Receives blood low in oxygen from
the body and then empties the blood
into the right ventricle.
-Has three different veins where
blood can enter: (1) SUPERIOR VENA
CAVA, (2) INFERIOR VENA CAVA,
(CORONARY SINUS).
 TWO LOWER CHAMBERS
Separated by INTERVENTRICULA
SEPTUM.
 LEFT VENTRICLE
-Thickest of the heart chambers.
-Responsible for pumping oxygenated
blood to tissues all over the body.
-Sends blood into the AORTA.
 RIGHT VENTRICLE
-Sends blood into the pulmonary
trunk which goes to the lungs.
-It goes to the lungs to refill oxygen.
NOTE: Ventricles are the actual pumps since it
is the main parts for circulation.
FOUR VALVES
 Keeps blood flow in the right
direction and stops the backflow of
the blood.
2 ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
o TRICUSPID VALVE (3)
- Located between the heart’s
two right chambers.
o BICUSPID (2)
- Located between the heart’s
two left chambers.
NOTE: Both valve relaxes when it opens but
when the ventricle contracts it will close due
to the change in PRESSURE.
 2 SEMILUNAR VALVE

o AORTIC VALVE
- Made up of three membranes.
- Keeps blood flow in the
correct direction through the
heart.
o PULMONARY VALVE
- Situated between the artery
that supplies blood to the
lungs and the lower right
heart chamber.

NOTE: Both semilunar valve connects the

arteries and ventricles that stem them
preventing the blood leaving from the
backflow in the ventricle.