Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

Module #3
Tutorial Solutions
April 2014 #3

Answer

()() ( )
3 2 14
(a) 4 ⃗
B+ ⃗
C=4 4 + 3 = 19 1
2 1 9

| |
i j k
⃗ ( ⃗ ⃗ ) ⃗ ( ⃗ ⃗ )
A 4 B + C = A × 4 B + C = 2 3 5 =i ( 27−95 ) − j ( 18−70 ) + k (38−42)
14 19 9
½ ½
¿−68 i+52 j−4 k=[ −68 52−4 ] 1

| |
i j k
(b) A × B = 2 3 5 =−14 i+11 j−k =[ −14 11−1 ]
⃗ ⃗ 1
3 4 2
½

| |
i j k
⃗ A = 3 4 2 =14 i−11 j+k =[ 14−111 ]
B× ⃗ 1
2 3 5
½

( )( )
14 −14
Hence, −1 ( ⃗
B × ⃗
A ) =−1 −11 = 11 =¿ [ −14 11−1 ] 1
1 −1
So,
⃗
A×⃗B =−( ⃗B ×⃗A) Q . E . D

(c) Let θ=angle between ⃗

A∧⃗ B

( )( )
2 3
A ∙ B =¿ 3 ∙ 4 =|⃗
⃗ ⃗ A||⃗
B| cos θ ½
5 2
½ ½ ½
Thus, 6+12+10=√ 2 + 3 + 5
2 2 2
√ 3 + 4 +2
2 2 2
cos θ
28=√ 38 √ 29 cos θ 1

Randir Nagassarsingh 1
Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

θ=cos−1
( √3828√ 29 )=32.5 ° 1

April 2017 #3

Answer

( ) ()
2 4
(a) ⃗
OA = 7 ⃗
OB= 1
−1 2

()( )( )
4 2 2
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
AB=OB −OA= 1 − 7 = −6 ½
2 −1 3

⃗ 1
OM =⃗
OA +⃗
AM =⃗
OA + ⃗AB ½
2
½ ½

Randir Nagassarsingh 2
Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

( ) ( )()
3
2 2

−1
1
2
3
4
¿ 7 + −6 = =¿ ⃗
1
OM = 3 4
1
2 ( )
2

⃗ 2

√ 2 1 2
2 ()
|OM|= 3 +4 + =5.025units 1

() () ()
−1 −3 −1
(b) (i) ⃗
OA = 3 ⃗
OB= 0 ⃗
OC = 2
0 7 3

( )( )( )
−3 −1 −2
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
AB=OB −OA= 0 − 3 = −3 1
7 0 7
1
AB|= √(−2 ) + (−3 ) +7 =7.87 units
|⃗ 2 2 2
1

( )( )( )
−1 −1 0
⃗
AC =⃗
OC −⃗OA= 2 − 3 = −1 1
3 0 3
1
AC|=√ ( 0 ) + (−1 ) +3 =3.16 units
|⃗ 2 2 2
1

( )( )( )
−1 −3 2
⃗
BC =⃗
OC−⃗
OB = 2 − 0 = 2 1
3 7 −4
1
BC|=√ 2 + 2 + (−4 ) =4.90 units
|⃗ 2 2 2
1

^C
(ii) Let ∅ =be angle A B

Then ∅ =angle between ⃗

AB∧⃗ CB
Hence, ½

( )( )
−2 −2
AB ∙ CB=¿ −3 ∙ −2 =|⃗
⃗ ⃗ AB||⃗
CB|cos ∅ =|⃗
AB||⃗
BC| cos ∅
7 4
½
4 +6+ 28=( 7.87 )( 4.90 ) cos ∅
1 ½
½

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Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

∅ =cos−1 ( 7.8738× 4.9 )=9.8 ° 1

(c) Given|a× b|=ab sin θ

() ()
1 2
a= −1 ∧b= 1
3 −1

|a|= √1+1+9=√ 11units ½

|b|= √ 4+1+1= √6 units ½

| |
i j k
a × b= 1 −1 3 =−2 i+7 j+3 k 1
2 1 −1
Hence,
|a× b|=√ 4+ 49+ 9=√ 62units ½
½
If |a × b|=ab sin θ=¿ θ=sin−1
( √√1162√ 6 )=75.75 ° ½

Thus angle between a∧b=180 °−75.75 °=104 . 25 ° ½

December 2015 #3

Answer

Given that ⃗
A=4 i+6 j−2 k ⃗
B =2 i+7 j−k ⃗
C =3 j+5 k
(a)
(i) |⃗A|=√ 16+36+ 4=√ 56 units 1

(ii) 2⃗
A =2 ( 4 i+ 6 j−2 k )=8 i+12 j−4 k 1

( )( ) ( )
4 2 6
(iii) ⃗
A+ ⃗
B= 6 + 7 = 13 =6 i+13 j−3 k 1
−2 −1 −3

() ( ) ( )
0 4 −4
(iv) ⃗
C −⃗
A= 3 − 6 = −3 =−4 i−3 j+7 k 1
5 −2 7

Randir Nagassarsingh 4
Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

| |
i j k
(v) ⃗ ⃗
C × A = 0 3 5 =i (−36 )− j (−20 ) +k (−12) 1
4 6 −2
1 ¿−36 i+ 20 j−12 k 1
1

( )( )
2 0
(vi) ⃗
B∙ ⃗
C = 7 ∙ 3 =0+21+ (−5 ) =16 1
−1 5

(vii) Let θ=be angle between ⃗

A ∧⃗
C

( )( )
4 0
⃗
A∙⃗ A||⃗
C= 6 ∙ 3 =|⃗ C|cos θ ½
−2 5

|C⃗|= √0+ 9+25= √34 units ½

0+18−10= √ 56 √ 34 cos θ
1
θ=cos
−1
( √568√ 34 )=79.4 ° 1

(viii) ⃗
C×⃗
A =¿ −36 i+20 j−12 k

| |
i j k
⃗ ⃗ = 4 6 −2 =36i−20 j+12 k
A ×C 1
0 3 5

Hence, ⃗
C×⃗
A =−( ⃗
A×⃗
C) Q.E.D. ½

(b) Let ⃗
U =4 i+6 j−2 k ⃗
V =2 i+ 4 j+ 2k
1 ⃗ ⃗
Area= |U × V |½
2

| |
i j k
|U ⃗|= 4 6 −2 =|20i−12 j+ 4 k|= √400 +144+16=√ 560
⃗ ×V
2 4 2

1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1

Randir Nagassarsingh 5
Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

1
Area= √560=11.83 units 2 1
2

December 2016 #3

Answer

()() ()
5 3 2
(a) (i) ⃗
AB=⃗OB −⃗OA= 4 − 2 = 2
2 1 1
½ ½ 1

( )() ( )
−4 3 −7
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
AC =OC −OA= 2 − 2 = 0
1 1 0
½ ½ 1

( )( )
2 −7
(ii) ⃗
AB ∙ ⃗
AC = 2 ∙ 0 =−14+0+ 0=−14
1 0
½ ½ 1
(iii) ⃗ AC =¿−14=|⃗
AB ∙ ⃗ AB||⃗
AC|cos θ
½
|⃗AB|= √ 4+ 4+1=3units 1
|⃗
AC|=√ 49+0+ 0=7 units 1
½
θ=cos−1 ( )−14
3 ×7
=131.81 ° 1

(b) Volume of parellepiped=|⃗

A ∙( ⃗ C )|
B ×⃗

Randir Nagassarsingh 6
 Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

| |
i j k
⃗ ⃗
B × C = 2 1 1 =2i−7 j+3 k
1 2 4

½ ½ ½

( )( )
3 2
A ∙ (⃗
⃗ ⃗ ) = 2 ∙ −7 =6−14 +3=−5 1
B ×C
1 3

½ 1

|⃗A ∙ ( ⃗B × ⃗C )|=|−5|=5 units3 1

December 2018 #3
QUESTION 3
a) Find the angle between the vectors a 2iˆ 9 ˆj 3kˆ and b 3iˆ 4 ˆj 8kˆ [3 marks]
b) A triangle ABC has its vertices at the points A1,1,3, B4,1,1and C0,1,8.
Find the area of ABC. [7 marks]
Answer
1 ½ ½

( )( )
2 −3
(a) 9 ∙ −4 =¿−6+ (−36 ) + (−24 )=√ 4 +81+9 √ 9+16+64 cos θ
−3 8

−66=√ 9 4 √ 89 cos θ

θ=cos−1
( √9−66
4 √ 89 )
=136 . 19 ° 1

() ( ) ()
1 4 0
(b) ⃗
O A = 1 ⃗
O B= −1 ⃗
O C = 1
3 1 8

Randir Nagassarsingh 7
Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

( ) () ( )
4 1 3
⃗
AB= −1 − 1 = −2 1
1 3 −2
½

()()( )
0 1 −1
⃗
AC= 1 − 1 = 0 1
8 3 5

½
1
Areaof ⊿ ABC = |⃗ AC|
AB× ⃗
2

| |
i j k
⃗ ⃗
AB × AC= 3 −2 −2 =−10i−13 j−2 k
−1 0 5

1 1

|⃗ AC|= √ 100+169+ 4=16.52

AB× ⃗ 1
1 2
Areaof ⊿ ABC = ( 16.52 )=8.26 units 1
2

December 2019 #3
Answer

( )( )
3 −1
(a) −8 ∙ 6 =¿−3+ (−48 ) +15= √ 9+ 64+25 √ 1+36+ 9 cos θ
5 3
1 ½ ½
−36=√ 98 √ 46 cos θ

θ=cos
−1
( √98−36√ 46 )=122.4 ° 1

(b) Volume of parellepiped=|⃗a ∙ ( ⃗b × c⃗ )|

Randir Nagassarsingh 8
 Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

| |
i j k
⃗b × ⃗c = 3 5 −1 =31 i−19 j−2 k
4 6 5

½ ½ ½

( )( )
4 31
a⃗ ∙ ( b⃗ × ⃗c )= 2 ∙ −19 =124−38−10=76 1
5 −2

½ 1

|⃗A ∙ ( ⃗B × ⃗C )|=|76|=76 units 3 1

July 2018 #3

Answer

( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
3 1 2 2 3 −1
(a) TR= −4 − −3 = −1 ⃗
⃗ RS= −1 − −4 = 3
−4 −5 1 1 −4 5
1 1 1 1

( )( )
2 −1
⃗ ⃗
(b) TR ∙ RS= −1 ∙ 3 =−2+ (−3 ) +5=0
1 5
1 1
Hence,|TR||RS| cos ϑ ¿ 0=¿ cos ϑ =0=¿ ϑ=90°
⃗ ⃗
1 1
Thus, angle at R=180° −90 °=90 ° 1
So, triangle TRS must be a Right-Angled Triangle. 1 Q.E.D.

July 2014 #3

Randir Nagassarsingh 9
Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

Answer
½ ½ 1 1

( ) { ( ) ( )} ( ) ( )
3 4 3 3 15
(a) B ∙ ( 3 C + B )= 4 ∙ 3 3 + 4 = 4 ∙ 13 =45+52+34=131
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
2 5 2 2 17

| | ( )
i j k 14
(b) ⃗
B× ⃗
C = 3 4 2 =14 i−7 j−7 k = −7
4 3 5 −7
½ ½ ½ ½

| | ( )
i j k −14
⃗
C×⃗B = 4 3 5 =−14 i+7 j+7 k= 7
3 4 2 7
½ ½ ½ ½
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
Hence, B × C =−( C × B ) Q.E.D.

( )( )
3 4
⃗ ⃗
(c) B ∙ C =¿ 4 ∙ 3 = √9+16 +4 √16+ 9+25 cos θ
2 5
½ ½
12+12+10= √ 29 √ 50 cos θ=¿ θ=cos
(
−1 34
√ 29 √50)=26.76 ° 1

1 ½ ½

April 2018 #5
Answer

() ( ) ()
3 0 2
(a) Given ⃗x = 2 ⃗y = 2 ⃗z = 3
1 −3 4

1
Randir Nagassarsingh
0
Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

1 ½ ½ ½

| | ( )
i j k 17
⃗y × ⃗z = 0 2 −3 =17 i−6 j−4 k= −6 ½
2 3 4 −4
1

( )( )
3 17
⃗x ∙ ( ⃗y × ⃗z )= 2 ∙ −6 =51−12−4=35 1
1 −4

() ( ) ()
3 1 4
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
(b) LET O A = 2 OB= 2 OC= 0
1 −3 2

( ) () ( )
1 3 −2
⃗
AB= 2 − 2 = 0 1
−3 1 −4

() () ( )
4 3 1
⃗
AC = 0 − 2 = −2 1
2 1 1
½
1
Areaof ⊿ ABC = |⃗ AC|
AB× ⃗
2

| |
i j k
⃗
AB × ⃗
AC= −2 0 −4 =−8 i−2 j+4 k 1
1 −2 1

|⃗ AC|= √64 +4 +16=9.1652

AB× ⃗ 1
1 2
Areaof ⊿ ABC = ( 9.1652 )=4 .5826 units 1
2

() () ( )
4 3 8
(c) Given ⃗
O A = 3 ⃗
O B= 0 ⃗
O C = 1
0 2 −1

() () ( )
3 4 −1
⃗
AB= 0 − 3 = −3 ½
2 0 2

1
Randir Nagassarsingh
1
Math2013 Vectors Tutorial Solutions 03/09/2021

( )()( )
8 4 4
⃗
AC = 1 − 3 = −2 ½
−1 0 −1

( ) () ( )
8 3 5
⃗
BC = 1 − 0 = 1 ½
−1 2 −3

( )( )
−1 4
⃗ ⃗
AB ∙ AC =¿ −3 ∙ −2 =−4+ 6−2=0 1
2 −1
½
| AB|| AC|cos θ=0=¿ cos θ=0=¿ θ=90 ° ½
⃗ ⃗

Since ∠ BAC=90 ° , then ⊿ ABC is a ⊾ triangle .

½

1
Randir Nagassarsingh
2