Dual Nature Of Radiation and Matter

Photoelectric Effect Photoelectric Equation

The phenomenon of emission of electrons Where ф0 = Work function
from a metal surface when an electromagnetic E = Kmax + ф0 E = energy of incident light
wave of suitable frequency is incident on it is Kmax = maximum K.E of electron
called photoelectric effect.
Photocell
electron Incident light
Light rays emission

Anode
Cathode
Photocell

Experimental Study Of Photoelectric Effect

• At constant frrequency v and potential V,
photocurrent ip α I (intensity) Intensity
Current I1
• At constant frequency and intensity, the I2
minimum negative potential at which the I3
photocurrent becomes zero is called stopping I3> I2>I1
potential (V0)
• At stopping potential V0, Kmax of electron = eV0 -V0 Voltage
• For a given frequency of the incident radiation,
the V0 is independent of I.
Emax Current
V1
V2
V3> V2>V1
V3

0 Ve(3) Ve(2) Ve(1) Retarding Potential

V0 V
Davisson And Germer Experiment
• Intensity of scattered electrons depends on
scattering angle ф.
• A kink occurs in graph at ф = 50º for 54 eV beam.
• The intensity is maximum at accelerating voltage
54 eV. After this voltage, intensity starts decreasing.

54 V
de Broglie Wavelength
Scattered electrons
Intensity

h
λ= —
p
Where p is the momentum of the particle.
• For electron having K.E(K),
0 5 10 15 20 25 h
Accelerating voltage λ=
2mK
de Borglie Hypothesis • For ea charged particle accelerated by
potential V,
A particle in motion also possess wave-like h
λ=
properties. These waves are called matter wave. 2qmV