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04 02 2024design of Slabs 1 1
04 02 2024design of Slabs 1 1
Design of Slabs
Slab – reinforced concrete floor.
Types of Slab:
1. One-way slab – is a slab supported on two sides only, the loads carried is in the
direction perpendicular to the supporting beams. The ratio of the length of the
A = short side
B = long side
A/B = 2/6 = 0.33 < 0.5 (one-way slab) – main reinforcement is along (parallel to) the short span only. Along
long span is reinforced only with temperature bars.
B temperature bars ( 10mm )
A
MAIN BARS (12mm)
2. Two-way slab – is a slab with beams on all four sides. The ratio of the length of the short
span to the long span is equal to or greater than 0.5.
SEATWORK
Required: Tell if the slab is OWS or TWS.
3m 3m 3m 3m 2m 2m
8m
S- 7 S-8 S-8 S-8 S-9 S - 11
Design of a One-Way Slab
A
A B
---- < 0.5 or ---- > 2.0
B A B
B
L fy
tmin = ------- [ 0.40 + ------- ] for simply supported beams
20 700
L fy
tmin = ------- [ 0.40 + -------- ] for one end continuous
24 700
L fy
tmin = ------- [ 0.40 + -------- ] for both ends continuous
28 700
L fy
tmin = ------- [ 0.40 + ------ ] for cantivered slab
10 700
Where :L = is the short span
L
tmin = ------ for simply supported slab
20
L
tmin = ------- for one end continuous
24
L
tmin = ------- for both ends continuous
28
L
tmin = ------- for cantilevered slab
10
2. Minimum Covering = 20 mm
3. Minimum size of steel bars = 12 mm diameter
3. Spacing of main bars should be greater than 3t or 500m and not less than 100 mm.
4. Minimum size of temperature bars = 10 mm diameter.
5. Minimum spacing of temperature bars should not be greater than 5t or 500mm.
6. Area of temperature bars needed should not exceed the following steel ratio:
c. Slabs were reinforcement with yield strength exceeds 400 MPa measured at yield strain of 35%,
= 0.0018 x 400/fy
2. Solve for the minimum thickness of the slab using ACI specs.
3. Consider one meter width of the slab, calculate the loads, and the designing moments
using the ACI moment coefficients or moment distribution for continuous slabs.
SHEAR @:
wL
A = D = F = G = I = L = ------------
2
1.15 w L
C = J = ----------------
2
MOMENT @
w L2 w L2
A = L = - ----------- D =F = G =I = - ----------
24 11
w L2 w L2
B = K = ----------- E = H = ------------
14 16
w L2
C = J = - ---------
10
A B C D E F G H I J
4. Solve for the steel ratios, min, max, assume value of , and RU.
6. Design the main bars needed and the spacing of the main and temperarture bars.
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1. The figure shown below is a floor framing plan of a three storey reinforced concrete
commercial building (occupancy). Live load is 2874 Pa = 2.874 kPa = 2.874 kN/m2(NSCP
2015), the floor has a 26 mm thick floor finished weighing 20 kN/m3 and the slabs are
supported by beams. Using fc’ = 17 MPa and fy = 345 MPa, design the slab.
2m
2m
2m
2m
2m
5m 5m
Solution:
Consider one-meter width of the slab and assume the slab to be a continuous beam whose width b = 1m,
and calculate designing moment using ACI moment coefficients:
1m width
discontinuous end
S-1 S-1
2m
Continuous end
2m S -2 S-2
Continuous end
2m S-2 S-2
continuous end
2m S-2 S-2
continuous end
2m S-1 S-1
discontinuous end
5m 5m
b = 1m
wu = total ultimate uniform load (kN/m)
S–1 S-2 S-2 S-2 S-1
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
1. Calculate minimum thickness (for fy other than 415MPa), L =A = 2m =2000 mm (short span)
2000
tmin = --------[ 0.4 + 345/700]
24
tmin = 75 mm
L
tmin = ------- [ 0.4 + fy/700] both ends continuous
28
2000
tmin = --------[ 0.40 + 345/700]
28
tmin = 65 mm
Therefore use tmin = 75 (biggest value among the two computed above)
Midspan: Mu = Wu L2 / 14 = 8.1338(2)2/14
Mu = 2.32 kN.m
S-2
Left/Right: Mu = - Wu L2 /11
Mu = -2.96 kN.m
Midspan: Mu = WuL2 / 16
Mu = 2.03 kN.m
If t < tmin computed in number 1, then use tmin or use always the bigger value.
Final t = 75mm
Final d = t – ½(b) + 20 = 75 – ½(12) – 20
d =49mm
= 0.85(fc’) / fy [ 1 - 1 – 2Ru/0.85fc’]
= 0.004600480992 min = 1.4/fy = 0.00405
Therefore use the computed value of .
Where: Mu = designing ultimate moment from step 4, maximum Mu fom S-1 or S-2.
d = final depth as determined from step 5.
b = 1000mm
Ru = Mu/bd2
Ru = ?
0.85fc’
= --------- [ 1 - 1 – (2Ru/0.85fc’)
Fy
=?
As = b d = 0.00460048099(1000mm)(49)
As = 225.42 mm2
NSCP Specs:
1. S = 3t = 3(75) = 225mm
2. S = 500mm (maximum)
:
Therefore use:
Therefore use:
S = 375mm (smallest value)
7. Details: Label the drawing below.
A/4(top bars)
A = 2m
bottom bars
2. Design a one-way slab to carry a service live load of 10 kPa. Use fc’ = 21 mPa and fy =
w (L1 + L2)2
2
350 MPa. Use MA = MD = - wL2/11 and MB = MC = - ------------------- and midspan
11
moments is wL2/16.
3.6m 4.0 m
3. Consider one meter width of the slab and solve the ultiomate loads.
6. Compute the spacing of the main bars. Spacing of the main bars within the
Exercises
1. Design a two-way slab of the given floor framing plan. The slab carries a total live load
of 4792 Pa and ha s40 mm thick floor finish weighing 479 N/m3. Use fc’ = 21 MPa and fy
= 345 MPa.
5m S1
6m S2 OPEN
3m
2m 4m 2m