Arc length and area of sector [53 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 4] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.11

Helen is building a cabin using cylindrical logs of length 2.4 m and radius 8.4
cm. A wedge is cut from one log and the cross-section of this log is illustrated in
the following diagram.

Find the volume of this log. [4]

Markscheme

volume = 240 (π × 8.4

2
−
1

2
2
× 8.4 × 0.872664 …) M1M1M1

Note: Award M1 240 × area, award M1 for correctly substituting area sector
formula, award M1 for subtraction of their area of the sector from area of circle.

= 45800 (= 45811.96071) A1

[4 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 17] 22N.2.SL.TZ0.2
The following diagram shows a park bounded by a fence in the shape of a quadrilateral
ABCD. A straight path crosses through the park from B to D.

AB = 85 m, AD = 85 m, BC = 40 m, CB̂D = 41°, BĈD = 120°

(a.i) Write down the value of angle BDC. [1]

Markscheme

19° A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Hence use triangle BDC to find the length of path BD. [3]
 Markscheme

(M1)(A1)
BD 40
=
sin 120° sin 19°

Note: Award M1 for substituted sine rule for BCD, A1 for their correct substitution.

(BD =) 106 m (106. 401 …) A1

[3 marks]

(b) ˆ
Calculate the size of angle BAD, correct to five significant figures. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1 (cosine rule)

2 2 2
85 +85 −106.401…
cos BAD =
2×85×85
(M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1 for substituted cosine rule, A1 for their correct substitution.

77. 495 A1
 Note: Accept an answer of 77. 149 from use of 3 sf answer from part (a). The final
answer must be correct to five significant figures.

METHOD 2 (right angled trig/isosceles triangles)

BAD 53.2008…
sin(
2
) =
85
(A1)(M1)

Note: Award A1 for 53. 2008 … seen. Award M1 for correctly substituted trig ratio.
Follow through from part (a).

77. 495 … A1

Note: Use of 3 sf answer from part (a), results in 77. 149.

[3 marks]

ˆ
The size of angle BAD rounds to 77°, correct to the nearest degree. Use
BÂD = 77° for the rest of this question.
(c) Find the area bounded by the path BD, and fences AB and AD. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

(Area =)
1

2
× 85 × 85 × sin(77°) (M1)(A1)

Note: Award M1 for substituted area formula, A1 for correct substitution. Award at
most (M1)(A1)A0 if an angle other than 77° is used.

OR

1
(Area =) × (2 × 85 × sin(38. 5°)) × (85 × cos(38. 5°))
2

(M1)(A1)

1
Note: Award M1 for substituted area formula A =
2
bh, A1 for correct substitution.

3520 m
2
(3519. 91 …) A1

[3 marks]
A landscaping firm proposes a new design for the park. Fences BC and CD are to
be replaced by a fence in the shape of a circular arc BED with center A. This is
illustrated in the following diagram.

(d) Write down the distance from A to E. [1]

Markscheme

85 m A1

[1 mark]

(e) Find the perimeter of the proposed park, ABED. [3]

Markscheme
 85 + 85 +
77

360
× 2π × 85 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award M1 for correctly substituted into × 2π × r, M1 for addition of

θ

360

AB and AD.

284 m (284. 231 …) A1

[3 marks]

(f ) Find the area of the shaded region in the proposed park. [3]

Markscheme

2
(M1)(M1)
77

360
× π × (85) − 3519. 91 …

Note: Award M1 for correctly substituted area of sector formula, M1 for subtraction of
their area from part (c).

1330 m
2
(1334. 93 …) A1
[3 marks]
3. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.1
The straight metal arm of a windscreen wiper on a car rotates in a circular motion from
a pivot point, O, through an angle of 140°. The windscreen is cleared by a rubber blade
of length 46 cm that is attached to the metal arm between points A and B. The total
length of the metal arm, OB, is 56 cm.

The part of the windscreen cleared by the rubber blade is shown unshaded in
the following diagram.

(a) Calculate the length of the arc made by B, the end of the rubber blade. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute into length of arc formula (M1)

140°
× 2π × 56
360°

392π
137 cm (136. 833 … ,
9
cm) A1

[2 marks]
(b) Determine the area of the windscreen that is cleared by the rubber
blade. [3]

Markscheme

subtracting two substituted area of sectors formulae (M1)

(
140°

360°
× π × 56
2
) − (
140°

360°
× π × 10
2
) OR 140°

360°
× π × (56
2 2
− 10 )

(A1)

3710 cm
2
(3709. 17 … cm )
2
A1

[3 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.2.SL.TZ1.4
A sector of a circle, centre O and radius 4. 5 m, is shown in the following diagram.

(a.i) Find the angle AÔB. [3]

Markscheme

(
1

2
AÔB =) arccos(
4

4.5
) = 27. 266 … (M1)(A1)

AÔB = 54. 532 … ≈ 54. 5° (0. 951764 … ≈ 0. 952 radians) A1

Note: Other methods may be seen; award (M1)(A1) for use of a correct trigonometric
method to find an appropriate angle and then A1 for the correct answer.

[3 marks]
(a.ii) Find the area of the shaded segment. [5]

Markscheme

finding area of triangle

EITHER

area of triangle = 1

2
2
× 4. 5 × sin(54. 532 …) (M1)

Note: Award M1 for correct substitution into formula.

= 8. 24621 … ≈ 8. 25 m
2
(A1)

OR

AB = 2 × √ 4. 52 − 42 = 4. 1231 …

area triangle = 4.1231…×4

2
(M1)

= 8. 24621 … ≈ 8. 25 m
2
(A1)

finding area of sector

EITHER

area of sector = 54.532…

360
× π × 4. 52 (M1)

= 9. 63661 … ≈ 9. 64 m
2
(A1)

OR

area of sector = 1

2
× 0. 9517641 … × 4. 5
2
(M1)

= 9. 63661 … ≈ 9. 64 m
2
(A1)

THEN

area of segment = 9. 63661 … − 8. 24621 …

= 1. 39 m
2
(1. 39040 …) A1

[5 marks]
A square field with side 8 m has a goat tied to a post in the centre by a rope such that
the goat can reach all parts of the field up to 4. 5 m from the post.

[Source: mynamepong, n.d. Goat [image online] Available at: https://thenounproject.com/term/goat/1761571/

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en [Accessed 22 April 2010] Source adapted.]

(b.i) Find the area of a circle with radius 4. 5 m. [2]

Markscheme

π × 4. 52 (M1)

63. 6 m
2
(63. 6172 … m )
2
A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Find the area of the field that can be reached by the goat. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1
4 × 1. 39040. . . (5. 56160) (A1)

subtraction of four segments from area of circle (M1)

= 58. 1 m
2
(58. 055 … ) A1

METHOD 2

4(0. 5 × 4. 5
2
× sin 54. 532 …) + 4(
35.4679

360
× π × 4. 52) (M1)

= 32. 9845 … + 25. 0707 (A1)

= 58. 1 m
2
(58. 055 … ) A1

[3 marks]
Let V be the volume of grass eaten by the goat, in cubic metres, and t be the length of
time, in hours, that the goat has been in the field.

The goat eats grass at the rate of .

dV −t
= 0. 3 te
dt

(c) Find the value of t at which the goat is eating grass at the greatest rate. [2]

Markscheme

2
dV dV d V
sketch of dt
OR dt
= 0. 110363 … OR attempt to find where dt
2
= 0

(M1)

t = 1 hour A1
[2 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 5] 21N.1.SL.TZ0.8
Joey is making a party hat in the form of a cone. The hat is made from a sector, AOB, of
a circular piece of paper with a radius of 18 cm and AÔB = θ as shown in the
diagram.

To make the hat, sides [OA] and [OB] are joined together. The hat has a base radius of
6. 5 cm.

(a.i) Write down the perimeter of the base of the hat in terms of π. [1]

Markscheme

13π cm A1

Note: Answer must be in terms of π.

 [1 mark]

(a.ii) Find the value of θ. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

(M1)
θ
× 2π(18) = 13π OR
θ
× 2π(18) = 40. 8407 …
360 360

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into length of an arc formula.

(θ =) 130° A1

METHOD 2

360
θ
× π × 18
2
= π × 6. 5 × 18 (M1)

(θ =) 130° A1

[2 marks]
(b) Find the surface area of the outside of the hat. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

2
(M1)
130

360
× π(18)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into area of a sector formula.

OR

π(6. 5)(18) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into curved area of a cone formula.

THEN

(Area=) 368 cm2 (367. 566 … , 117π) A1

Note: Allow FT from their part (a)(ii) even if their angle is not obtuse.

[2 marks]
6. [Maximum mark: 7] 21M.1.SL.TZ2.9
A garden includes a small lawn. The lawn is enclosed by an arc AB of a circle with centre
O and radius 6 m, such that AÔB = 135° . The straight border of the lawn is defined

by chord [AB].

The lawn is shown as the shaded region in the following diagram.

(a) A footpath is to be laid around the curved side of the lawn. Find the
length of the footpath. [3]

Markscheme

12π
135°×
360°
(M1)(A1)

14. 1 (m) (14. 1371 …) A1

[3 marks]
(b) Find the area of the lawn. [4]

Markscheme

evidence of splitting region into two areas (M1)

π62
135°×
360°
−
6×6×sin 135°

2
(M1)(M1)

Note: Award M1 for correctly substituting into area of sector formula, M1 for
evidence of substituting into area of triangle formula.

42. 4115 … − 12. 7279 …

29. 7 m
2
(29. 6835 …) A1

[4 marks]
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024