Draft

b;sydih

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

9 fY%aKsh
^2017 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ&

iudc úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j

NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj
fjí wvúh : www.nie.lk
úoHq;a ;emE,: info@nie.lk
b;sydih
9 fY%aKsh Draft
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

m%:u uqøKh 2017

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN ..............

iudc úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j

NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( nifo@nie.lk

uqøKh ( uqøKd,h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
Y%S ,xldj

ii
 wOHlaI ckrd,a;=ñhf.a mKsúvh

Draft
cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaYs; cd;sl wOHdmk wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu
iy fmdÿ ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys; j tjlg mej;s wka;¾.;h mokï jQ
úIhud,dj kùlrKhg Ndckh fldg j¾I wglska hq;= pl%hlska iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol
úIhud,dfjys m<uq woshr" j¾I 2007 § cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska Y%S ,xldfõ m%d:ñl yd
oaú;Shl wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,È¡

m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jQ lreKq o" wOHdmkh ms<sn| j úúO md¾YAjhka bÈßm;a l<
fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k isÿ lrk ,o úIhud,d ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï l%shdj,shl m%;sM,hla
f,i úIhud,d pl%fha fojeks wÈhr wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd §u 2015 jif¾ isg wdrïN lr
we;¡

fuu ;d¾lSlrK l%shdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d mokï uÜgfï isg Wiia uÜgu
olajd l%udkql+, j f.dvke`.Su i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria ixl,kh Ndú; lr we;s
w;r úúO úIhhkays § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;a ùu yels;dla wju lsÍu" úIh
wka;¾.;h iSud lsÍu iy l%shd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria
ixl,kh o Ndú; lr we;¡

.=re Nj;=kag mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfhys id¾:l j ksr; ùu" mka;s
ldur ñkqï yd we.hSï m%fhdackj;a mßÈ fhdod .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk ud¾f.damfoaY ,nd§fï
wruqKska kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY y÷kajd § we;¡ mka;s ldurh ;=< § jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrfhl= f,i
lghq;= lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaY WmldÍ jkq we;¡ isiqkaf.a ksmqK;d j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd
.=Kd;aul fhojqï yd l%shdldrlï f;dard .ekSug .=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fuu`.ska ,nd § ;sfí¡
tfuka u ks¾foaYs; mdG .%ka:j, we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq ms<sn| j jeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYj, wka;¾.; fkdfõ¡ tu ksid fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhS ùug kï
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ilid we;s wod< mdG .%ka: iu`. iu.dó j Ndú; lsÍu
w;HjYH fõ¡

;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd kj mdG .%ka:j, uQ,sl

wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka ñoS YsIH flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdjla yd jvd;a
l%shdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg t<öu u.ska jev f,dalhg wjYH jkakd jQ ksmqK;d
yd l=i,;djkaf.ka hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh lsÍuhs¡

kj úIh ks¾foaY iy .=re ud¾f.damfoaY iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha

Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,fha o" wdh;k iNdfõ o" rpkfha § odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka ish¨ u
iïm;aodhlhkaf.a yd fjk;a md¾YAjhkaf.a o buy;a lemùu we.hSug o fuh wjia:djla lr .kq
leue;af;ñ¡

wdpd¾h chka;s .=Kfialr

wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u

iii
 ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsúvh

Draft
bf.kqu mq¿,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir, njg o m;a lrhs'
ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=Y,;dfjka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh flakaø fldg .;a rgla"
iudchla nqoaêh úiska y÷kd .;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug o iqNdú;hka ;=<ska kj f,djla
ks¾udKh lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr .kq ,nkafka bf.kqu hs'

bf.kqu i|yd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%ufõohka yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd ks¾udKh úh
hq;= h' úIh ud,dj" úIh ks¾foaYh" ud¾f.damfoaY" iqidOHlrejka bf.kqï lafIa;%hg tlajkqfha
fï wdldrfhks'

kQ;k YS% ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;djka fuka u mqrd;k Wreuhka o iïñY%Kh lr .ksñka iaùh
wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lrf.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrKhka ;=<ska jir wglg jrla
hdj;ald,Sk jk úIhud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ks¾udKh fõ'

úIhfhys wruqKqj, ix.;;dj cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajd .; hq;= h' tfy;a .=re ud¾f.damfoaYhka
ys bf.kqï l%ufõohka" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkdfldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la kï fkdfõ' úIh ks¾foaYfhys
ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" idOkh ùu i|yd wka;¾.;h ;=<ska bf.kqï m, iïm%dma;sh msKsi
bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkia lr .ekSug iqidOHlrejkag meyeÈ,sj u bvla we;s nj
i|yka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by< uÜgulg .ekSu i|yd Woõ jk" myiqlï i,ik .=re
N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla i|yd ks¾udKh jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh YslaIlhdyg o fo.=rekg o
Ndú; l< yel' wod< fm< fmd;g iylrejl= jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ;j;a fm< fmd;la fkdjk
nj ±k .=reNj;=ka .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh yd wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iïmdÈ; wod< fm<
fmd; hk iïm;a øjH fol u Ndú; l< hq;= h'

ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<sn| we.hSï isÿ lrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrfhl= jqjo wfmalaId
lrk idOkhka" úIh b.ekaùug u. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska mdvu wjidkfhys mka;s
ldurfha § orejka iuÕ m%;HlaIlrKhg m;a úh hq;= h' tu tald;añl ùu i|yd jQ m%fndaOd;aul
ixialD;shla f.dvk.d .ekSug .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh myqrla" hd;%djla lr .kq we;ehs wdhdpkd
mQ¾jl j wfmalaId lrñ'

wdpd¾h mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k ysñ

mSGdêm;s" ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a
NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

iv
 Draft
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia

2007 j¾Ifha isg mdi,a úIh ud,dfõ yr úIhla f,i l%shd;aul jQ b;sydih 2015
j¾Ifha isg tf,i u l%shd;auljk w;r 6 - 9 fY%aKs i|yd i;shlg ld, mßÉfþo folla yd
10 - 11 fY%aKs i|yd i;shlg ld,mßÉfþo ;=kla fjkalr we;'
w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úNd.hg 10 - 11 fY%aKs i|yd kshñ; úIh ks¾foaY mokï
lrf.k we.hSu isÿ lsÍug fhdað;h'
6 - 11 fY%aKs i|yd ksmqK;d mdol m%fõYhg m%Odk ksmqK;d úiaila hgf;a
b;sydih úIhud,dj f.dvk.d we;' tu úIhud,dj l%shd;aul lsÍug ilid we;s fuu .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYh úIh ks¾foaYh yd úIh ks¾foaYh l%shd;aul lsÍug u.fmkaùu hk fldgia
follska iukaú;h'
b;sydih úIh ;=<ska isiqka ;=< m%.=K lsÍug wfmaCIs; ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lsÍfï
§ úIh lreKq fuka u úIh lreKq wOHhkh lsÍug fhdod.kakd l%ufõohka o jeo.;a fõ'
fï iïnkaOfhka .=re ld¾h myiq lr .ekSu i|yd úIh wka;¾.;fh ys we;eï fldgia
wdjrKh jk mßÈ kso¾Yl l%shdldrlï fuhg we;=<;alr we;' Tnf.a ks¾udKYS,S yelshdjka
m%fhdackhg .ksñka mka;s ldur wjYH;djka wkqj fuu l%shdldrlï ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh
lsÍu yd kj l%shdldrlï ieliSug yelsh' fuys § ie<ls,su;a úh hq;af;a b;sydih úIfha
wruqKq bgqjk mßÈ wju jYfhka 50%la j;a m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï mdol bf.kqï wjia:d
iïmdokh lrñka kshñ; úIh lreKq wOHhkhg isiqka fhduq lsÍuhs'

ta wkqj b;sydih úIfha wruqKq bgqlrñka ksmqK;d imsß kj f,djlg WÑ;

isiq msßila ìyslsÍug w;aje,la iemhSu fuu .=re ud¾f.dmfoaYfhkaa wfmaCId flf¾' fï
iïnkaOfhka Tnf.a ixj¾Okd;aul woyia yd fhdackd wmfj; fhduqlrk fuka o ldreKsl
j b,a,d isáuq'

úIhud,d lñgqj

v
 Draft
úIhud,d lñgqj
WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh
iïnkaëlrKh
ã'tÉ'pkaÈud ksIdks O¾umd,
úIh úfYaI{ iydh
(
uydpd¾h bkaødKs uqKisxy
uydpd¾h hQ'î lreKdkkao
uydpd¾h fla'tï'mS l=,fialr
uydpd¾h m;auisß lkakka.r
f,aLl uKav,h ^ndysr&
fïß fvdfkagd lkHdfidhqßh
fla'tia' rxckS
fla'ù'tia' úchud,d
tÉ'tï' k,ska nKavdr
tÉ'tï'tÉ hdl=;a
friagd ms%hka;s m%kdkaÿ
jHdmD;s lñgqj
ã'tÉ'pkaÈud ksIdks O¾umd, (
ví' iuka;s Ysfrdaud,d .=Kj¾Ok
NdId ixialrKh
Y%Skd;a .fkaj;a; uhd
( Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
( fÊHIaG lÓldpd¾h" iudc úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.u
fld<U úYaj úoHd,h ^fiajd iïudks; uydpd¾h&
le,Ksh úYaj úoHd,h ^fiajd iïudks; uydpd¾h&
le,Ksh úYaj úoHd,h
YS% chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h
úÿy,am;s ^úY%dñl&
Ydka; wkaf;daks cd;sl mdi," j;a;,
.=re WmfoaYl" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" fydrK
.=re WmfoaYl" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" le,Ksh
l=reúg uOH uyd úoHd,h" l=reúg
m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,Odß ^úY%dñl&
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
mqrdúoHd mYapd;a Wmdê wdh;kh
fÊHIaG lÓldpd¾h" iudc úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j"
lÓldpd¾h" iudc úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j
lcqj;a;" f.d;gqj" wxf.dv"
vi
 Draft
mgqk

msgqj

wOHCI ckrd,a;=ñhf.a mKsúvh iii

ksfhdacH wOHCI ckrd,aysñf.a mKsúvh iv

úIhud,d lñgqj v

úIh ks¾foaYh vii - xxii

9'1 Y%S ,xldfõ uqyqÿnv m%foaY ,kafoaiSka hg;g m;aùu 01 - 06

9'2 Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH n,h 07 - 11

9'3 Y%S ,xldfõ wd.ñl yd cd;sl mqk¾cSjkh 12 - 14

9'4 bkaÈhdkq ksoyia igk 15 - 19

9'5 Y%S ,xldfõ wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK yd cd;sl ksoyia jHdmdrh 20 - 24

9'6 ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldj 25 - 28

vii
 Draft

b;sydih

úIh ks¾foaYh

9 fY%AKsh
viii

^2018 isg l%shd;aul fõ&

iudc úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
www.nie.lk
 Draft
ye¢kaùu

;u rfÜ wkkH;dj y`ÿkd.ksñka " tajd /l.ksñka f,dal ;;a;ajhkag uqyqK Èh yels" oE ys;ldñ" Yla;su;a YS% ,dxlsl mqrjeishl= ìys lr
.ekSfï wruqKq fmroers lr f.k mdi,a úIhud,dfõ yr úIhhla f,i b;sydih úIh 2007 isg ls%hd;aul fõ'
fuu wruqKq jvd;a fmdaIKh lrñka 2015 § kj wOHdmk m%;sixialrK i`oyd cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKq iy cd;sl fmdÿ ksmqK;d o mdol lr .ksñka
b;sydih úIhhg wod< j ksmqK;d úis;=klaa hgf;a 6 jk fY%aKsfha isg 11 jk fY%aKsh f;la b;sydih úIhud,dj ksmqK;d mdol l%ufõoh hgf;a
ilia lr we;'
9 jk fY%aKsh i`oyd jQ fuu úIh ks¾foaYh tys m%;sM,hls' 2018 isg ls%hd;aul ùug kshñ; fuys ksmqK;d yhla wOHhkh i`oyd fhduq lr we;' fuu
f;aud u`.ska Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYdêm;Hh yd tys n,mEu;a" úfoaYdêm;Hh yuqfõ foaYSh l%shdldrs;ajh;a" foaYfha iajdëk;ajh i`oyd igka l< bkaoshdkq
ksoyia igka jHdmdrh;a ksoyi oskd .ekSu yd ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ ixj¾Ok jHdmdr;a ms<sn`o j wOHhkh lrkq ,efí' mdi,a jdr wkqj fuu
tall fnod we;s wdldrh my; j.=fõ ±lafõ'
ix

'
jdrh tall

i jdrh 1"2

ii jdrh 3 " 4

iii jdrh 5"6

 Draft
cd;sl wruqKq
mqoa.,hdg yd iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd <`.dùu i`oyd mqoa.,hskag iy lKavdhïj,g cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;shg iydh úh hq;= h'
jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk wOHdmk jd¾;d iy f,aLk u.ska mqoa., yd cd;sl wjYH;djka imqrd,Su i`oyd wruqKq kshu lrKq ,eî
h' iuld,Sk wOHdmk jHqyhka yd l%shdj,ska ;=< oelsh yels ÿ¾j,;d ksid OrKSh udkj ixj¾Ok ixl,am rduqj we;=<; wOHdmkh ;=<ska <``.dlr
.; hq;= my; oelafjk wruqKq cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska y÷kdf.k we;' fuu wruqKq imqrd .ekSu" wOHdmk moaO;sh i`oyd jQ ;u bÈß
oelau f,ig cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska m%;HlaI fldg f.k we;'

I udkj wNsudkhg .re lsrSfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl
taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl iDcq .=Kh" cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;+<ska cd;sh f.dvke.Su iy Y%S ,dxlSh
wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu

II fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye`.s odhdohka y`ÿkd.ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu

III udkj whs;sjdislï .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<sn`o oekqj;a ùu" yDohdx.u ne`§ulska hq;= j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu
hk .=Kdx. m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;ka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udK lsÍu iy
mj;ajd f.k hdug iydh ùu
x

IV mqoa.,hskaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm;a iy udkj w.hhkag .re lsÍu u; mokï jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu

V iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla i`oyd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh" úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=¨ fjk;a
Okd;aul wx.,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu

VI mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj.=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i`oyd odhl jk M,odhs ld¾hhka i`oyd
wOHdmk ;=<ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu

VII YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiSug yd tajd md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hska iqodkï lsÍu iy
ixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu

VIII cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh" iudk;ajh iy wfkHdkH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ
wdl,am yd l=i,;d fmdaIKh lsÍu ^ Wmqgd .ekSu 2003 wOHdmk fldñIka iNd jd¾;dj &
 Draft
uq,sl ksmqK;d
wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; i`oyka cd;sl wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug odhl jkq we;'

(I) ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<sn`o oekqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh hk wkqldKav 4la u; ikaksfõok
ksmqK;d mokï fõ'

idlaIr;dj : idjOdk j weyqïlka §u" meyeÈ,s j l:d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu i`oyd lsshùu" ksjerÈ j iy
ksrjq,a j ,sùu" M,odhs whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu

ixLHd ms<sn`o oekqu : NdKav wjldYh yd ld,h .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï i`oyd l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h

rEml Ndú;h : f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy j¾K
.,mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu
xi

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh : mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o fiajd mßY%hla ;=<§ o fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha§ o f;dr;=re
iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu

(II) fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d

- ksßudKYS,Snj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;Ska" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu" úpdrYS,S yd ú.%yd;aul
Ñka;kh" lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r in`o;d" kj fidhd.ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d:
- iDcq .=Kh" bjid ord isáfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu" jeks w.hhka
- Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh

(III) mßirhg wod< ksmK

q ;d

fuu ksmqK;d idudðl" ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhg wod< fõ'

 Draft
iudc mßirh : cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn`o wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl idudðlhka ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d"
idOdrK hqla;sh ms<sn`o ye`.Su" iudc iïnkaO;d" mqoa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sl iïm%odhka"
whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne`§ï

ffcj mßirh : iÔú f,dalhl" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .ia je,a" jkdka;r" uqyqo" c,h" jd;h iy cSjh - Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia
Ôú;hg iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõoSnj yd l=i,;d

fN!;sl mßirh: wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia ðú;hg tajdfha we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we`ÿï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iqj
myiqj" Yajikh" kskao" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u,my lsÍu hkdÈh yd iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõÈ;dj yd
l=i,;dj bf.kSu" jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu i`oyd fuj,ï iy ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d fuys wvx.=fõ'

(IV) jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu" ;u jD;a;Sh ,eÈhd iy wNsfhda.;d y`ÿkd .ekSu" yelshdjkag iß,k whqßka ?lshdjla f;dard
.ekSu" iy jdisodhl yd ;srir Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu hk yelshdjka Wmßu lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh
yd iïnkaO l=i,;d
xii

(V) wd.u iy iodpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisßï rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa
f;dard thg iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu i`oyd w.hhka Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh

(VI) l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

fi!kao¾hh" idys;H" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY
jk úfkdaoh" i;=g" wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl w;aoelSï

(VII) "bf.kSug bf.kqu" ms<sn`o ksmqK;d

YS>%fhka fjkia jk ixls¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k l%shdj,shla yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd
Bg ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a iajdëk j bf.k .ekSu;a i`oyd mqoa.,hska yg Yla;sh ,nd §u' ^

Wmqgd .ekSu 2003 wOHdmk fldñIka iNd jd¾;dj &

 Draft
b;sydih úIhfha wruqKq

6 jk fY%aKsfha isg 11 jk fY%AKsh f;la jQ úIhud,dj wOHhkh lsÍfuka my; i`oyka wruqKq isiqka idOkh lr .kq we;e hs wfmalaId
flf¾'

1' ft;sydisl úldYkh yd m%jK;d ms<sn`o wjfndaOfhka b;sydih mqrd isÿ jQ fjkialï ms<sn`o jgyd .ekSu

2' w;S;h yeoEÍfuka ,efnk wjfndaOh u`.sska j¾;udkh f;areï .ekSu yd wkd.; ;;a;ajhka oelSu

3' cd;sl wkHk;dj y`ÿkdf.k foaYSh Wreuh iqrlsñka oEys;ldó mqrjeishl= njg m;aùu

4' cd;sl m%Yak foi ;=,kd;aul j ne,Su

xiii

5' wkH ixialD;Skag .re lsßu

6' ld,dkqms<sfj," uQ,dY%h úfõpkh yd fya;=M, iïnkaOh weiqfrka f.dvkef`.k úpdrd;aul YslaIKh yd oekqu m%dfhda.sl Ôú;hg
Ndú; lsÍu

7' jeo.;a ft;sydisl mqoa.,hkaf.a pß;dmodk pß;dhkh lr .ekSu

8' ft;ssydisl f.da,Sh m%jK;d furg b;sydih flfrys n,md we;s wdldrh ms<sn`o wjfndaOfhka f,dal m%jK;dj,g uqyqK oSfï
Yla;sh we;s lr .ekSu

9' ld,h yd wjldYh ms<sn`o oekqu j¾Okh lr .ekSu

10' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re weiqfrka ia:dk y`ÿkd .ekSu

 Draft
cd;sl wruqKq iy úIh wrïKq w;r iïnkaO;dj

cd;sl fmdÿ wruqK úIhh wruqK ksmqK;d uÜgu

I. udkj wNsudkhg .re lsrSfï 3' cd;sl wkHk;dj y`ÿkdf.k foaYSh 3'1 úfoaYSh n,fõ. yuqfõ foaYSh;ajh
ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl Wreuhka iqrlsñka oEys;ldó mqrjeishl= /l.; hq;= nj fmkajd fohss
nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;sl úúO;ajh njg m;aùu
wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl
taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl iDcq .=Kh"
cd;sl iu`.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh 4' cd;sl m%Yak foi ;=,kd;aul j ne,Su
m%j¾Okh lsÍu u`.ska cd;sh f.dvke`.Su
iy Y%S ,dxflah wkkH;dj;yjqre 5' wkH ixialD;Skag .re lsßu
lsÍu

II fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag 2' w;S;h yeoEÍfuka ,efnk wjfndaOh u`.ska 1'1 uqyqÿqnv m<d;aj, ,kafoais
m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha
xiv

j¾;udkh f;areï .ekSu yd wkd.; ls%hdldrs;ajh úuid n,hs

udye`.s odhdohka y`ÿkd.ekSu iy ;;a;ajhka oelSu
ixrlaIKh lsÍu

III udkj whs;sjdislï .re lsÍu" hq;=lï

yd j.lSï ms<sn`o j oekqj;a ùu"
yDohx.u ne`§ulska hq;= j tlsfkld
flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk .=Kdx.
m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc
idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy
m%cd;ka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ
mßirhla ks¾udK lsÍu iy mj;ajd
f.k hdug iydh ùu
1' ft;sydisl úldYkh yd m%jK;d ms<sn`o 5'1 YS% ,xldfõ md¾,sfïka;= l%ufha j¾Ok
wjfndaOfhka b;sydih mqrd isÿ jq úuid n,hs
fjkialï ms<sn`o j jgyd .ekSu
2' w;S;h yeoEÍfuka ,efnk wjfndaOh u`.ska
j¾;udkh f;areï .ekSu yd wkd.;
;;a;ajhka oelSu
 Draft
cd;sl fmdÿ wruqK úIhh wruqK ksmqK;d uÜgu

6' ld,dkqms<sfj<" uQ,dY%h úfõpkh yd 6'1 ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ foaYmd,k yd
VI mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj .=Kh
fya;=M, iïnkaOh weiqfrka wd¾Òl ixj¾Okh úia;r lrhs
jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ
wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i`oyd odhl jk f.dvkef`.k úpdrd;aul YslaIKh yd
M,odhS ld¾hhka i`oyd wOHdmkh oekqu m%dfhda.sl Ôú;hg Ndú; lsÍu
u`.sska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh
lsÍu

VII YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=<
isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiSug
yd tajd md,kh lr .ekSug
mqoa.,hka iQodkï lsÍu iy
ixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs;
xv
8' ft;ssydisl f.da,Sh m%jK;d furg b;sydih 1'1 uqyqÿqnv m<d;aj, ,kafoais
flfrys n,md we;s wdldrh ms<sn`o ls%hdldrs;ajh úuid n,hs
wjfndaOfhka f,dal m%jK;dj,g uqyqK
oSfï Yla;sh we;s lr .ekSu 2'1 Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH md,kh

wjia:dj,g id¾:l j uqyqK §fï ia:djr jQ wdldrh fmkajd fohs

yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu
2'2 ì%;dkH md,kh hgf;a wd¾Ól
lghq;= meyeos,s lrhs

VIII cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r 4'1 bkaoshdkq cd;sl ksoyia igka

f.!rjdkaú; ia:dkhla ysñ lr jHdmdrh meyeos,s lrhs
.ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh"
iudk;ajh iy wfkHdkH .re;ajh
u; mokï jQ wdl,am yd l=Y,;d
fmdaIKh lsÍu
 Draft
úIh ks¾foaYh

ksmK
q ;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo

Y%S ,xldfõ 1' YS% ,xldfõ uqyqÿqnv m%foaY • ,kafoaiSka uqyqÿnv m<d;a 10
úfoaYdêm;Hh ms<sn| 1'1 uqyqÿqnv m<d;aj, ,kafoais ,kafoaiSka hg;g m;aùu w,a,d.;a wdldrh úia;r
j wOHhkh lr ;u ls%hdldrs;ajh úuid n,hs lrhs
rfÜ iajdëk;ajh 1'1 uqyqÿnv m<d;aj, n,h • ,kafoaiSkag wh;aa
/l .ekSug lghq;= msysgqjd .ekSu m%foaY is;shul ,l=Kq
lrhs • ,kafoaiska Wvrg rdcHh lrhs
iu`. meje;ajQ iïnkaO;d • Wvrg rdcHh yd
,kafoaiska w;r
1'2 ,kafoaiskaf.a md,k" .egqïj,g fya;=
wd¾:sl" iudcSh iy y`ÿkd .kshs
ixialD;sl lghq;= • kuHYS,s;ajh u`.ska
.egqï wjulr .; yels
xvi

wdldrh yodrhs

• uqyqÿnv m%foaYj,
,kafoais md,kh mej;s
wdldrh úia;r
lrhs
• ,kafoaiSka hgf;a Y%S
,xldfõ wd¾:sl"
iudcSh iy
ixialD;sl lghq;=
meyeÈ,s lrhs
² ,kafoais md,kh
hgf;a Y%S ,dxlsl
iudchg tl;= jQ
kjdx. fmkajd fohs
 Draft
ksmK
q ;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo

Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYdêm;Hh 2' Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH n,h
ms<ns `o j wOHhkh lr ;u 2'1 Y% S ,xldfõ ì% ; dkH wdêm;Hh 2'1 Y%S ,xldjg ì%;dkHhka
rfÜ iajdêm;Hh msysgjQ wdldrh fmkajd fohs meñKSu iy n,h ;yjqre
/l.ekSug lghq;= lrhs lr .ekSu
• uqyqÿnv m%foaY hg;a lr
.ekSu
• 1815 oS Wvrg w,a,d .ekSu
• 1818 ksoyia igk
• 1848 ksoyia igk
• ì%;dkH wdêm;Hh Y%S 10
,xldfõ ia:dms; ùug
fya;= meyeÈ,s lrhs
• iajfoaYSh úfrdaO;d iy
tajdfha iajrEmh myohs
• ;u iajdêm;Hh /l
.ekSug igka fufyhjQ
kdhlhka w.h lrhs

Y%S ,dxflah Wreuh 2'2 ì%;dkH md,kh hgf;a wd¾Ól 2'2 ì%;dkHhka hgf;a we;s jQ • jdKsc fNda. j.dj jHdma;
/l.ekSug lghq;= lrhs lghq;= meyeos,s lrhs jQ wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs
xvii

wd¾Ól j¾Okh 08
• j;= j.dj • ì%;dkHhka hgf;a foaYSh
• foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;h k`.d lDIsl¾udka;h úia;r
isgqùu lrhs
• ì%;dkHhka hgf;a furg
wd¾Ólfha we;s jQ
fjkialï fmkajd fohs
3' YS% ,xldfõ wd.ñl iy
cd;sl mqk¾cSjkh
 Draft
ksmK
q ;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo

3'1 úfoaYSh n,fõ. yuqfõ • fn!oaO mqkreoh • wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl

foaYSh ixialD;sh /l .; hq;= • yskaÿ mqkreoh m%fndaOh meyeos,s lrhs
nj fmkajd fohss • bia,dï mqkreoh • úfoaY n,fõ. yuqfõ
cd;sl kdhlhkaf.a
ls%hdldrs;ajh fmkajd fohs
• foaYSh ixialD;sh
/l.ekSug Wrÿka
kdhlhka w.hhs

4' bkaoshdkq ksoyia igka

bkaÈhdfõ úúO cd;Ska 10
jHdmdrh
bkaÈhdkqjka f,i
• bkaÈhdfõ hqfrdamSh • wêrdcHjd§ka bkaÈhdj ;=<
tlai;a j lghq;= l<
xviii

4'1 bkaoshdkq ksoyia jHdmdrfha n,mEï n,h jHdma; l< wdldrh

wdldrh wdo¾Yhg f.k § trg ck;dj tlai;a j • bkaoshdj ì%;dkH hg;a meyeÈ,s lrhs
Y%S ,dxlsl;ajh ms<sn`o
lghq;= l< wdldrh úcs;hla ùu • bkaoshdkq ksoyia igka
ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lrhs
wOHhkh lrhs • bkaÈhdkq ksoyia igka jHdmdrh úia;r lrhs
jHdmdrh • bkaoshdkq cd;sl ksoyia
• ksoyia igfka lemS igka jHdmdrfhys § úúO
fmkqKq kdhlfhda cd;ska tlai;aj lghq;=
l< wdldrh w.h lrhs
• bkaoshdkq cd;sl ksoyia
jHdmdrh iu`. ne`ÿKq
foaYfm%aó pß; wdo¾Yhg
.kshs
 Draft
ksmK
q ;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h
YS% ,xldfõ md¾,sfïka;= 5' YS% ,xldfõ wdKavql%u
l%ufha úldYkh iy m%;sixialrK yd cd;sl ksoyia
tys,d foaYSh jHdmdrh
kdhlhkaf.a • flda,anDDla m%;sixialrK
5'1 YS % ,xldfõ md¾,sfïka ;=
odhl;ajh úu¾Ykh lr • YS% ,dxlslhkaf.a wdKavql%u
l% u fha j¾Okh úuid
rfÜ m%cd;ka;%jdoh Woaf>daIK
n,hs
/l.ekSug odhl fjhs • 1910 uel,ï m%;sixialrK
• 1919 cd;sl ix.uh
• 1920"24 wdKavql%u
m%;sixialrK
• fvdkfud¾ m%;sixialrK
• fida,anrs m%;sixialrK
xix
ksoyiska miq ,enQ 6' ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldj
ch.%yK w.hñka hym;a 6'1 ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ • ksoyiska miq n,hg m;ajQ
mqrjeishl= f,i rfÜ wdKavq
foaYmd,k yd wd¾Òl
ixj¾Okhg odhl fjhs • n,hg m;ajQ wdKavqj,
ixj¾Okh wOHhkh lrhs
jevms<sfj<j,a
• wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK
- 1972
- 1978
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh yd
iudc iqNidOkh
bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo
10
• ì%;dkHhka hgf;a
wdKavlq %u m%;sixialrK
meyeos,s lrhs
• wdKavlq %u m%;sixialrK
i`oyd YS% ,dxlslhkaf.a
odhl;ajh fmkajd fohs
• YS% ,xldfõ md¾,sfïka;=
l%uh l%ñl úldYkhla
nj fmkajd fohs
• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ
foaYmd,k yd wd¾Ól 10
lghq;= úia;r lrhs
• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ
iqNidOk lghq;= meyeos,s
lrhs
• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ
ixj¾Ok lghq;= fmkajd
fohs
 Draft
^we& mdi,a m%;sm;a;s iy jev igyka

b;sydih úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.; úIh lreKq id¾:l j yd M,odhS f,i wOHhkh lsÍu i`oyd;a t u`.ska bf.kqï w;a±lSï ,nd
.ekSu i`oyd;a YsIH iyNd.s;ajh j¾Okh jk wdldrhg mdi,a jev igyka iïmdokh lr .ekSu tajd w;sYhska u m%fhdackj;a úh hq;=h'

fuySs fhdackd fldg we;af;a tjeks mdi,a jev igyka lsysmhla muKs' fï wkqj fjk;a ks¾udKd;aul jev igyka yd m%;sm;a;s ilia lr
.ekSfï ksoyi b;sydih W.kajk .=rejrhdg ysñ jk nj i,lkak'

• b;sydi ix.uhla msysgqùfuka isiq ±kqu m%j¾Okh i`oyd idlÉPd" iïuka;%K" újdo" m%o¾Yk meje;aùu;a" i`.rd"
ì;a;s mqj;am;a ks¾udKh lsÍu;a jeks ld¾hhkag isiqka fhduq l< yelsh'

• hg;a msßfika jirlg jrla j;a jeo.;alulska hq;= ia:dkhlg fyda m%foaYhlg fyda wOHdmk pdßld ixúOdkh
l< hq;= h' mka;s ldurfha § ,nd .;a ±kqu ;yjqre lr .ekSug yd j¾Okh lr .ekSug yels jk mßÈ fmr
xx

ie,iqulska hq;= j wOHdmk pdßld ixúOdkh lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

• osjhsfka ms<s.;a b;sydi{hka mdi,g le`ojd Tjqkaf.a w;a±lSï fnod yod .ekSug iïuka;%K u`.ska wjia:d j
ie,ish yels h'

• m%foaYfha mqrdúoHd;aul jákdlulska hq;= iaudrl ms<sn`o j fidhd ne,Su yd tajd wdrCId lsÍu i`oyd mdi,a yd
m%cd jev igyka ls%hd;aul lsÍug mq`Mjk'

• b;sydi mdvïj,g wod< jk Ñ;%" uQ¾;s" leghï yd fjk;a fl!;=l jia;= ksÍCIKh lsÍug;a" ksÍCIK jd¾;d
iemhSug;a yels jk mßÈ fl!;=ld.dr jevigyka ixúOdkh ;< yelsh'

• b;sydi mdvug wod< j wka;¾cd,h Ndú; lrñka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i`oyd isiqka fhduq l< hq;= h'
 Draft
^we& we.hSu iy ;lafiarelrKh

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh u`.ska wfmaCIs; M, isiqka úiska id;aId;a lr .kq ,eîu iy ;yjqre lsÍu i`oyd;a isiqka <`.d lr .;a m%ùK;d
uÜgï y`ÿkd .ekSu i`oyd;a mka;s ldurfha myiqfjka ls%hd;aul l< yels wka;¾ iïnkaO;djlska hq;a jev igyka folla f,i ;lafiarej iy
we.hSu y``ÿkajd Èh yels h';lafiarej ksis mßÈ isÿjkafka kï mka;sfha bf.kqu ,nk isiqkag wfmaCIs; ksmqK;dj,g wod< wdikak m%ùK;d ,nd
.ekSu wmyiq fkdfõ' we.h S f uk a wfma C I d lr ka f k a is iq k a <`. d lr .;a m% ù K;d uÜgï ljf¾ ±h s y`ÿkd .ekS uh'

;lafiarefjys fh§ isák .=rejrekag ;u isiqka i`oyd fowdldrhlska ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh ,nd Èh yels h't kï m%;sfmdaIK (Feed Back)
bÈß fmdaIK (Feed Forward) hkqfjks' isiqkaf.a m%n,;d iy ÿn,;d wkdjrKh lr .;a úg Tjqkaf.a bf.kqï .eg¨ u.yrjd .ekSug m%;sfmdaIKh;a
is i q yels h d iy m% n ,;d y`ÿkd .;a úg tu o CI;d jeä Èhq Kq l s Í ug bÈß fmda I Kh ;a ,nd
§u .=re ld¾h Ndrh fõ'

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha id¾:l;ajh i`oyd úIh ksmqK;d w;=frka ljr ksmK
q ;d ljr uÜgñka idlaId;a lr.; yels jQfha ±hs isik
q a
úis k a y`ÿkd .kq ,eîu wjYH fõ'we.hS ï jevms < s f j< Tia f ia is i q k a <`.d lr .;a m% ù K;d uÜgï úks Y a p h ls Í u fï
wkqj .=rejrekaf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'
xxi

Tn fj; bÈßm;a lrk fuu úIhud,dj YsIH flakaøsh ksmqK;d mdol ls%hdldrlï ÈYdNsuqL lr.;a m%fõYhlska hqla; fõ' ls%hdfjka
bf.kqu i`oyd is i q k a fhduq ls Í u .= r ejrhdf.ka wfma C Id lrk ld¾hh fõ'is i q k a ls % h dldrlïj, ks h ef<k úg yd th
wjidkfha § ;lafiarej yd we.hSu isÿ l< yels fõ'

;lafiarej yd we.hSu myiqfjka isÿ l< yels jk mßÈ ta i`oyd fmdÿ ks¾Kdhl myla fhdackd flf¾'fï w;=frka m<uq ks¾Kdhl ;=k
ksmqK;dj f.dvke`.sug talrdYs ù ;sfnk ±kqu"l=i,;d iy wdl,am uQ,sl fldgf.k ieliS ;sfí' wjidk ks¾Kdhl fol cSú;hg jeo.;a
jk yelshd j¾Okhg WmldÍ jk whqßka ielish hq;= h' fï ks¾Kdhl yd iïnkaO p¾hd fjkialï mka;s ldurh ;=< § isiqka ls%hd;aul
ùfï§ y`ÿkd .ekSug .=rejrhd W;aidy l< hq;= ;lafiarej hgf;a tu p¾hd Yla;su;a lsÍug;a we.hSu hgf;a tajd m%udKh lsÍug;a
.=rejrhd fhduq úh hq;= h' óg wu;rj mka;s ldurh ;=< ,sÅ; mÍCIK" jHdmD;s wdÈhg;a udisl' jdr iy jir wjidkfha mj;ajkq
,nk mdi,a uÜgfï fyda l,dmSh uÜgfï fyda ,sÅ; mÍCIKj,g;a isiqka bÈßm;a l< yels h'
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

9'1 Y%S ,xldfõ uqyqÿnv m%foaY ,kafoaiSka hg;g m;aùu

16jk ishji wdrïNfha § furgg meñKs mD;=.SiSyq tu Y;j¾Ifha wjidkh jk

úg Èjhsfka uqyqÿnv m%foaY /il ;u n,h msysgqjd .ekSug iu;a jQy. fufia uqyqÿnv m%foaY w;am;a
lr .;a mD;=.SiSka Wvrg rdcOdksh o hg;a lr .ekSfï wruqKska jßka jr Wvrg wdl%uKh lsÍu
ksid Wvrg rcjre mD;=.SiSka furáka fkrmd yeÍug ,kafoais iyh ,nd .ekSug l%shd l<y.
,kafoaiSka o mD;=.SiSka fuka fjf<\u ms<sn| Wkkaÿjla ±lajQ cd;shls. mD;=.SiSka wdishdjg meñK
Y;j¾Ihla muK .; jk úg ,kafoaiSyq o fjf<| øjH ,nd .ekSu i|yd wdishdjg meñKshy.
,kafoaiSka ;u fjf<| lghq;= Yla;su;a j yd l%udkql+, j mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd VOC iud.u
^fmrÈ. bkaÈhd tlai;a fjf<| iud.u& kñka b;d Yla;su;a fjf<| iud.ula msysgj q d f.k ;sìKs.
,kafoaiSka fjkqfjka wdishdfõ foaYmd,k n,h me;srùu yd fjf<| lghq;= mj;ajd f.k hdu
isÿ lrk ,oafoa fulS fjf<| iud.u úisks. ,kafoaiSka wdishdjg meñfKk f;la .; jQ Y;j¾Ihl
muK ld,fha § mD;=.SiSkaf.a wdishdkq fjf<| wdêm;Hhg fjk;a hqfrdamd cd;shlf.ka ;¾ckhla
fkd;sìKs. tfy;a ,kafoaiSka meñKSu;a iu`. wdishdfõ fjf<| lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdu
iïnkaOfhka mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais fomCIh w;r ksrdhdifhka .egqï we;s úh. fï ksid Y%S ,xldfjka
mD;=.SiSka m,jd yeÍug ,kafoais iyh ,nd .ekSug Wvrg rcjre l%shd l<y. Wvrg rdcHh iu`.
,kafoaiSka meje;ajQ in|;d iy ,kafoais md,k iuh ;=< furg we;sjQ iudc" wd¾Ól iy ixialD;sl
in`o;dj, iajrEmh ms<sn| j wOHhkh lsÍu fuu tallh u.ska wfmaCIs;h.

ksmqK;dj # Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYdêm;Hh ms<sn| j wOHhkh lr ;u rfÜ iajdêm;H /l

.ekSug lghq;= lrhs

ksmqK;d uÜgu # 1'1 uqyqÿnv m<d;aj, ,kafoais l%shdldß;ajh úuid n,hs

ld,ÉfPao # 05

bf.kqï m, # • ,kafoaiSka uqyqÿnv m<d;a w,a,d.;a wdldrh úia;r lrhs

• ,kafoaiSkag wh;aa m%foaY is;shul ,l=Kq lrhs

• Wvrg rdcHh yd ,kafoaiska w;r .egqïj,g fya;= meyeo,s lrhs

• kuHYS,s;ajh u.ska .egqï wju lr .; yels wdldrh yodrhs

mdvu ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka úIh lreKq weiqfrka mdvu ie,iqï lr .kak

Y%S ,xldfõ uqyqÿnv m%foaY ,kafoaiSka hg;g m;aùu

• uqyqÿnv m<d;aj, ,kafoais n,h msysgqùu

- ,kafoaiSka fmrÈ.g meñKSu ^j¾I 1595 isg ,kafoaiSka wdishdjg meñKSu, 1602
oS VOCiud.u msysgqùu, wdishdfõ ,kafoais n,hla f.dvke`.Su&
- Wvrrg rcjre ,kafoais iyh fidhd hdu ^m<uqfjks úu,O¾uiQßh rdcH iufha
,kafoais ¥;hka Wvrgg meñKSu, fikr;a rcq ,kafoais wdOdr ,nd .ekSug m%h;ak
±Íu&
- fojk rdcisxy rcq yd ,kafoaiSka w;r .súiqu j¾I 1638 ^fojk rdcisxy rcq yd
,kafoaiSka w;r in|;d, 1638 .súiqu, .súiqfï uQ,sl lreKq&

1
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

- mD;=.SiSka fkrmSfï igka ^;%sl=Kdu,h, ó.uqj, .d,a,, l¿;r, fld<U wdÈ

n,fldgq hg;a lsÍu, mD;=.Siska mrdch lsÍu&
- uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, ,kafoais n,h msysgqùu ^w,a,d.;a n,fldgq ,kafoaiSka
hgf;a ;nd .ekSu, rcq yd ,kafoais w;r u;fNao we;s ùu, ,kafoaiska uqyqÿnv
m%foaYj, n,h msysgqùu&

• ,kafoaiSka Wvrg rdcHh iu`. meje;ajQ iïnkaO;d

- fofjks rdcisxy rcq yd ,kafoaiSka w;r iïnkaO;d ^ rcq yd ,kafoaiSka w;r .egqï
we;sùu, rcq Wvrg n,h me;srùu&
- Wvrg ,kafoais ¥; iïnkaO;d ^¥; .uka, ,sms yqjudrej, ;E.s fnda. yqjudrej&
- iduldó m%;sm;a;sh yd .egqïj,ska je<lSu ^fojk úu,O¾uiQßh rcqf.a iduldó
m%;sm;a;sh, Wvrg rcqf.a wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl lghq;=j,g ,kafoais iyh ,nd §u&
- ,kafoaiSka Wvrg wdl%uKh lsÍu ^18 jk ishjfia w. Wvrg ,kafoais u; .egqï,
lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rcqf.a ld,fha ,kafoais wdl%uKh&

2
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

ksmqK;d uÜgu # 1'1 uqyqÿnv m<d;aj, ,kafoais l%shdldß;ajh úuid n,hs

ld,ÉfPao # 05

bf.kqï m, # • uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, ,kafoais md,kh mej;s wdldrh úia;r lrhs

• ,kafoaiSka hgf;a Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾:sl" iudcSh iy ixialD;sl

lghq;= meyeÈ,s lrhs

• ,kafoais md,kh hgf;a Y%S ,dxlsl iudchg tl;= jQ kjdx.

fmkajd fohs

smdvu ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka úIh lreKq weiqfrka mdvu ie,iqï lr .kak

1.2 ,kafoaiSkaf.a md,k, wd¾Ól, iudc yd ixialD;sl lghq;=

• ,kafoais md,k ixúOdkh

- VOC iud.fï wOHCI uKav,h" n;dúh $ n;dúfha fmrÈ. ,kafoais uQ,ia:dkh,

- furg ,kafoais wdKavqldjrhd

- ,kafoais mßmd,k jHQyh, fldudkavßj,g fn§u, m%dfoaYSh mßmd,kh yd ks,OdÍyq, wêlrK

m%;sm;a;sh

• ,kafoaiSkaf.a wd¾Ól lghq;=

- iud.ug Wmßu ,dN ,nd .ekSfï fjf<| m%;sm;a;sh

- lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=
- f;daïnq mj;ajdf.k hdu

• iudc yd ixialD;sl lghq;=

- wd.ñl m%;sm;a;sh
- wOHdmk lghq;=
- ,kafoais ixialD;sldx. furg me;sÍu

3
Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

4
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

l%shdldrlu - 01

by; i|yka úIh lreKq wdjrKh jk fia m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigykla mj;ajkak

• mka;sh iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lrkak'

• weuqKqu 1 ud;Dld lKAvdhï w;r fnod fokak'
• tla tla lKavdhug ;ud ,o ud;Dldj wkqj m%Yak yd ms<s;=re ieliSug Wmfoia fokak'
• ta ta lKavdhï ilia l< m%Yak yd ms<s;=re tla /ia lr f.dkq lr .kak'
• iqÿiq ,l=Kq l%uhla wkq.ukh lrñka m%Yak úpdrd;aul jev igyka mj;ajkak'

weuqKqu 01

m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigyk i`oyd Wmfoia

• uqyqÿnv m%foaY ,kafoaiSkag wh;a ùu

• ,kafoaiska yd Wvrg rdcOdksh
• ,kafoaiskaf.a md,k" wd¾Ól" iudc yd ixialD;sl lghq;=

we.hSu iy ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl weiqßka we.hSu iy ;lafiarej isÿ lrkak

• Y%S ,xldfõ ,kafoais n,h msysgqùu ms<sn| lreKq bÈrsm;a lrhs'

• ud;Dldjg WÑ; m%Yak yd ms<s;=re ilia lrhs'

• m%Yak ksjerÈ j ilia lrhs'

• lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lrhs'

• m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigyk fufyhjhs'

l%shdldrlu 02

,kafoais md,kh u`.ska Y%S ,dxlsl iudchg tl;= jQ kjdx. ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSu i|yd my;
i|yka l%shdldrluo isÿlrkak

• fuh lKavdhï l%shdldrlula f,i fhdod .kak'

• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lrkak'

• ,kafoais md,kh hgf;a furg ixialD;shg tl;= jQ kjdx. ms<sn| j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd
lrkak. ^jpk, we÷ï me,÷ï, wdydr mdk, NdKav wd§ ...&

• l%shdldrlug wjYH mska;+r yd fjk;a f;dr;=re /ia lr .ekSu i|yd i;shlg muK fmr
isiqka ±kqïj;a lrkak'

• l%shdldrlu isÿ lrk Èkfha § isiqka /ia lrf.k wd mska;+r yd f;dr;=re j¾. lrkak.

• tla tla lKavdhïj,g tajd fnod § l%shdldrlfï ksr; lrjkak'

5
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

• tla tla lKavdhï úiska wod, ud;Dld mska;+r iy ,sms we,ùug Wmfoia fokak'
• l%shdldrlu wjika l< miq lKavdhïj,g bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§ m%n,;d" ÿn,;d
fmkajd fokak
• lKavdhï w;ßka jvd;a ksjerÈ ls%hdldrlu f;dard mka;sfha m%o¾Ykhg ;nkak'
• Èkh ms<sn| j ±kqj;a lrkak

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

- ,kafoais md,k iuh ms<sn| f;dr;=re we;=<;a fjk;a uQ,dY%h

- mska;+r

- mqj;am;aj, mska;+r yd ,sms j¾., äuhs lvodis

- ma,eá.akï

- .ï

weuqKqu 1

,kafoaiskaf.ka furggtlajQ kjdx. ms<sn`o Tn lKavdhu /ialr.;a

f;dr;=re" mska;+r ks¾udKYS,Sj m%o¾Ykh lsßu i`oyd iqÿiq f,i ilia
lrkak'

lKavdhu 1 - ,kafoaisNdIdfjka tl;= jQ kjdx.

lKavdhu 2 - we`ÿï me,`ÿï

lKavdhu 3 - wdydr mdk

lKavdhu 4 - .Dy NdKav

6
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

9'2 Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH n,h

j¾I 1796 § ,kafoaiSka mrdchg m;a l< bx.%SiSyq furg uqyqÿnv m%foaY w;am;a lr f.k j¾I 1815
§ Wvrg rdcOdksh;a hg;a l<y. t;eka isg j¾I 1948 olajd jir 133l iuia; Èjhsk u ì%;dkH
hg;a úcs;hla jYfhka mej;sKs. fï ksid Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH n,h mej;s ld,h uqyqÿnv m%foaY
md,kh l< wjêh yd iuia; Èjhsk u md,kh l< wjêh jYfhka ld,mßÉfPao follg wh;a
fõ. Y%S ,xldfõ hqfrdamSh n,mEï mej;s wjêh yd i,ld n,k úg ì%;dkH md,k iuh furg
b;sydifha m%n, fjkialï we;s jQ ld, mßÉfPaohla yeáhg o ie,lsh yelsh. ì%;dkHhka furgg
meñKSu yd uqyqÿ nv m%foaY w;am;a lr .ekSu, Wvrg rdcOdksh hg;a lr .ekSu 1818 yd 1848 hk
jirj, ì%;dkHhkag tfrys j we;s jQ igka" ì%;dkH md,kh iy furg wd¾Ól fCIa;%fha we;s jQ
fjkialï wdÈh .ek fuu tallfha § wjOdkh fhduq flf¾.

ksmqK;dj # Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYdêm;Hh ms<sn| wOHhkh lr ;u rfÜ iajdêm;H /l

.ekSug lghq;= lrhs

ksmqK;d uÜgu # 2.1 Y%S ,xldfõ ì%;dkH wdêm;Hh msysgjQ wdldrh fmkajd fohs

ld,ÉfPao # 05

bf.kqï m, # • ì%;dkH wdêm;Hh Y%S ,xldfõ ia:dms; ùug fya;= meyeÈ,s lrhs

• iajfoaYSh úfrdaO;d iy tajdfha iajrEmh myohs

• ;u iajdêm;Hh /l .ekSug igka fufyhjQ kdhlhka w.h lrhs

mdvu ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka úIh lreKq weiqfrka mdvu ie,iqï lr .kak

2.1 ì%;dkHhka Y%S ,xldjg meñKSu yd n,h ;yjqre lr .ekSu

• bx.%SiSka uqyqÿnv m%foaY hg;a lr .ekSu

- Y%S ,xldj flfrys ì%;dkHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduqùug n,mE fya;=

- j¾I 1796g fmr bx.%SiSka yd Wvrg rdcOdksh w;r mej;s iïnkaO;d
- fmrÈ. bkaÈhd bx.%Sis fjf<| iud.u furg uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, n,h msysgqùu
- j¾I 1797 uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, le/,a,

• Wvrg rdcOdksh hg;a lr .ekSu

- j¾I 1803 Wvrg wdl%uKh

- f;dauia fïÜ,kaâ wdKavqldrhd yd fcdaka fvdhs,s
- Wvrg rdcOdksfha wNHka;r n, wr.,
- j¾I 1815 Wvrg wdl%uKh yd rcq w;a wvx.=jg .ekSu

• 1818 ksoyia igk

- igkg ;=vq ÿka fya;=

- bx.%Sis úfrdaë igk yd kdhlfhda
- igk wid¾:l ùu yd m%;sM,

7
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

• 1848 ksoyia igk

- igka we;sùug n,mE fya;=

- igk yd kdhlfhda
- igk wid¾:l ùu yd m%;sM,

by; úIh lreKq wdjrKh jk fia my; i|yka l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak

l%shdldrlu 01

• fuh flaj, l%shdldrlula f,i isÿ lrkak'

•weuqKqu 01ys we;<;a m%Yak isiqkag wNHdi fmdf;a igyka lr .ekSug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

ft;sydisl isÿùï iïnkaO mqoa.,hka

1' lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rcq yuqjg meñKs m%:u bx.%Sis ¥;hd ljfrlao@ ————————

2' ì%;dkHHka Y%S ,xldfõ fjr<nv m%foaYh hg;a lr .ksoa§ Wvrg

md,kh l< kdhlal¾ jdxYsl rc;=ud ljfrlao@ ————————

3' 1798 § furgg m;ajQ m%:u bx.%Sis wdKavqldrhd ljfrlao@ ————————

4' fïÜ,kaâ wdKavqldrhd yd tla j Wvrg rdcOdksh ms<sn|

f;dr;=re /ia l< ì%;dkH ks,Odßhd ljfrlao@ ————————

5' 1815 Wvrg hg;a lr .;a bx.%Sis wdKavqldrhd jQfha ljqo@ ————————

6' Y%S ,xldj ì%;dkHhka hg;g m;ajk wjêfha Wvrg md,kh

l< rc;=ud ljfrlao@ ————————

7' 1818 m<uq ksoyia igkg kdhl;ajh ÿka kdhlhl= jQfha ————————

8' 1833 furg l%shd;auljQ wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK bÈrsm;a

lf<a ljfrlao @ ————————

9' 1848 fojk ksoyia wr.,h iufha furg ì%;dkH

wdKavqldrjrhd ljfrlao@ ————————

10' fojk ksoyia igfka kdhlhl= f,i lghq;= l< wfhls ————————

^fcdaka mhsnia" fgdßkagka idñ" frdnÜ n%jqkaß.a" Y%S úl%u rdcisxy" f*âßla fkda¾;a" flda,anDDla
lemafmáfmd<, fcdaka fvdhs,s, rdcdêrdcisxy, mqrka wmamq&

l%shdldrlug my< we;s ms<s;=rej,ska ksjerÈ ms<s;=r f;dard ysia;eka msrùug Wmfoia fokak'

8
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

ksmqK;d uÜgu # 2.2 ì%;dkHhka hgf;a wd¾Ól lghq;= meyeÈ,s lrhs'

ld,ÉfPao # 05 hs

bf.kqï m, # • jdKsc fnda. j.dj jHdma; jQ wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• ì%;dkHhka hgf;a foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;h úia;r lrhs'

• ì%;dkHhka hgf;a furg we;sjQ fjkialï fmkajd fohs'

mdvu ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka úIh lreKq weiqfrka mdvu ie,iqï lr .kak

2'2 ì%;dkHhka hgf;a we;sjQ wd¾Ól j¾Okh

•j;= j.dj

- ì%;dkHhka j;= j.dj wdrïN lsÍug fmr furg mej;s wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh
- ì%;dkHhka j;= j.dj flfrys fhduq ùu
- rcfha wdodhu jeä lr .ekSu
 rcfha bvï úlsKSfï m%;sm;a;sh
 foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fm!oa.,sl jHjidhlhkag bvï ñ, § .ekSug yels ùu
 fm!oa.,sl jHjidhlhkag .e<fmk mßÈ kS;s Í;s ilia lsÍu

• j;= j.dfõ ÈhqKqj

- fldams
- isxfldakd yd fldfldajd
- f;a
- fmd,a
- rn¾

• foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;h k`.d isgqùu

- ì%;dkHhka hgf;a foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;h mßydkshg m;a ùu

- ì%;dkHhka foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;h k.d isgqùug W;aidy .ekSu
 jeõ wuqKq m%;sixialrKh
 jdßud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j msysgqùu
 iuqmldr iñ;s msysgqùu

9
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

ì%;dkHhka hgf;a wd¾Ólh hk f;audjg wod< úIh lreKq wkdjrKh jk fia my; l%h
s dldrlfuys
isiqka ksr; lrjkak

l%shdldrlu 02

• mka;sfha isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lrkak

• ì%;dkHhka hgf;a wd¾Ólh mdvu isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lr wjidkfha § weuqKqu 01

ys j.=j yqkq mqjrefõ igyka lrkak

• tys A ;Srefõ i|yka j.ka;s ms<sn| isiq woyia B ;Srefõ igyka lssÍug wjia:dj ,nd
fokak. ^woyia ±laùu lKavdhï f,i isÿ lsÍu m%udKj;a jk w;r hï lsisfjla
fm!oa.,sl u;hla orhs kï Bg bv ,nd fokak&

• lKavdhï woyia ±laùug wjOdkh fhduq lrñka mdvu iudf,dapkh lrkak

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

weuqKqu 01

A ;Srej ^woyia& B ;Srej ^m%;spdr&

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
1' j;= j.dj y÷kajd §u
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;h mßydkshg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
m;aùu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;h k`.d isgqùug
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
W;aidy .ekSu
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

10
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl weiqßka we.hSu yd ;lafiarej isÿ lrkak

• ì%;dkHhka hgf;a Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh meyeÈ,s lrhs

• ì%;dkHhka hgf;a Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólhg isÿjQ hym;a yd whym;a .=Kdx. fmkajd fohs
• j.ka;sj,g wod< j f;dr;=re bÈrsm;a lrhs
• lKavdhula f,i lghq;= lrhs
• kdhl;ajh f.k lghq;= lrhs

11
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

9'3 Y%S ,xldfõ wd.ñl yd cd;sl mqk¾cSjkh

hqfrdamShka wdishdjg meñKSfï wruqKq w;r wd.u me;srùfï wruqKla o ;sìKs. fï wkqj
wdishdfõ n,h jHdma; lrf.k isá mD;=.SiSyq ;u n,mEï iys; m%foaYj, frdaudkq lf;da,sl wd.u
me;srjQ ,kafoaiSyq frmrudÿ wd.u ^fmd%f;ia;ka; frmrudÿ& jHdma; l<y. ì%;dkHhka furgg
meñKs wjêh jk úg hqfrdamfha úúO ñYkdß ixúOdk ìysù hqfrdamfhka neyer m%foaYj, iajlSh
wd.ï me;srùu .ek kj Wkkaÿjla we;s ù ;sìKs. fï wkqj ì%;dkH md,k ld,fha § furgg meñKs
úúO ñYkdß ixúOdkj, idudcslfhda wd.u me;srùfï lghq;=j, ksr; jQy. ñYkdÍkaf.a wd.u
me;srùfï m%pdrl lghq;= ksid furg fn!oaO" yskaÿ yd bia,dï wd.ï weoyQ ck;dj w;r o, wd.ñl
m%fndaOhla we;s úh. 19 jk ishji ;=< furgg meñKs úúO ñIkdß ixúOdk, tajdfha wd.ñl
m%pdrl l%u fn!oaO" yskaÿ yd bia,dï wd.ñl mqkreo jHdmdr, wd.ñl mqkreoh iu. foaYSh
ixialD;sh wdrCId lsÍu ms<sn| j we;s jQ Wkkaÿj jeks ud;Dld ms<sn| j fuu tallh hgf;a
wjOdkh fhduq flf¾.

ksmqK;dj # Y%S ,xflah Wreuh /l .ekSug lghq;= lrhs

ksmqK;d uÜgu # 3.1 úfoaYSh n,fõ. yuqfõ foaYSh;ajh /l .; hq;= nj fmkajd fohs

ld,ÉfPao # 08

bf.kqï m, • wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl m%fndaOh meyeÈ,s lrhs

• úfoaY n,fõ. yuqfõ cd;sl kdhlhkaf.a l%shdldß;ajh fmkajd fohs

• foaYSh ixialD;sh /l .ekSug Wrÿka kdhlhka w.hhs.

mdvu ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka úIh lreKq weiqßka mdvu ie,iqï lr .kak

•ñYkdß ixúOdk yd tajdfha lghq;=

- 19jk ishji uq,a Nd.fha furgg meñKs ñYkdß ixúOdk

- ñYkdß ixúOdkj, wd.ñl m%pdrl lghq;=

•fn!oaO mqk¾cSjk jHdmdrh

- kdhl;ajh ÿka msßi yd wdh;k

- uqøKd,h msysgqùu yd uqøs; udOH fhdod .ekSu

- jdo újdo

- fn!oaO mdi,a msysgqùu

- foaYSh ixialD;sh wdrCId lr .ekSfï u;jdo

12
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

• yskaÿ mqk¾cSjk jHdmdrh

- kdj,¾;=ud yd yskaÿ mqkreoh

- f,aLk udOH

- yskaÿ mdi,a msysgqùu

• bia,dï mqk¾cSjk jHdmdrh

- wrdì mdId yd weï. iS. isoaê f,ífí uy;d

- bia,dï wOHdmk m%fndaOh

l%shdldrlu 01

by; úIh lreKq wdjrKhjk fia my; l%shdldrlfuys isiqka fhduq lrjkak'

• fuh úfkdaaod;aul l%Svdjla jYfhka t<suyfka isÿ l< yels l%shdldrluls'

• l%shdldrlug i;shlg muK fmr cd;sl yd wd.ñl mqkreofha kdhlhka ms<sn| l:djla
bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkïjk f,i Wmfoia fokak. ta i|yd

- ld,h ñks;a;= 3 la nj
- fm< fmd; yd fjk;a fmd;am;a mßYS,kfhka f;dr;=re imhd .;hq;= nj
- kshñ; Èkfha ;udg ,efnk mqoa.,hd ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a l< hq;= nj ±kqj;a
lrkak'
• weuqKqu 01ys we;<,;a mqoa., kdu i|yka lr ;=KAvq idokak'

• kshñ; Èkfha isiqka t<suyklg f.k f.dia mka;sh rjqug ilia lr .kak'

• ix.S; f;dmamsh ±ófï l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak'

• f;dmamsh wf;a fyda ysfia fyda ;sfnk YsIHhd ueog meñK f;dard .kakd ,o ;=Kavqfõ
i|yka mqoa.,hd ms<sn| l:djla bÈßm;a lsÍug myiqlï i,id fokak.

• bÈßm;a lrk ,o l:dj weiqfrka m%Yak weiSug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

wxl 1 weuqKqfï i|yka kï ,shk ,o ;=Kavq len,s

f;dmamshla
foaYdkqrd.S .S;hla iys; leiÜ máhla yd hka;%hla ^Wod(- fy< cd;sl wNsudfka&

13
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

weuqKqu wxl 1
1' fykaß iaà,a ´,afldÜ ;=ud
2' wk.dßl O¾umd, ;=ud
3' yslalvqfõ Y%S iqux., ysñ
4' ñf.Ügqj;af;a .=Kdkkao ysñ
5' wreuq. kdj,¾ ;=ud
6' tï. iS. isoaê f,ífí ;=ud

i|yka ks¾Kdhl weiqßka we.hSu yd ;lafiarej isÿlrkak

• wd.ñl yd mqk¾cSjk jHdmdrfha kdhlhka ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

• lreKq ksjerÈ j bÈßm;a lrhs'
• foaYSh kdhlhkaf.a fiajh w.h lrhs'
• lreKq f.dkq lr,Sfï yd bÈrsm;a lsÍfï l=i,;d fmkajhs'
• kshñ; ld,hg bÈßm;a lsÍu wjika lrhs'

weuqKqu ^1&

1' uy;aud .dkaê

2' ovdNd.s kvfrdacs
3' ujq,dkd wíÿ,a l,dï widoa
4' iqf¾kaøkd;a nek¾cs
5' cjy,a,d,a fkare

14
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

9'4 bkaÈhdkq ksoyia igk

j¾I 1498 jiafldao.dudf.a meñKSu;a iu`. bkaÈhdfõ hqfrdamd n, jHdma;sh wdrïN úh. t;eka
isg mD;=.Sis, ,kafoais, bx.%Sis yd m%xY n,mEï bkaÈhdj ;=< olakg ,eìKs. bkaÈhdj ì%;dkH n,hg
hg;a ùug fmr uq.,a wêrdcHh mej;Su ksid trg ;=< hqfrdamShhkaf.a lghq;= hï muKlg iSud
ù ;sìKs. tfy;a 19jk ishjfia ueo jk úg bkaÈhdfõ úYd, m%foaYhl n,h jHdma; lr .ekSug
bx.%SiSyq iu;a jQy. bkaÈhdj ì%;dkH hg;a úcs;hla njg m;aùfuka miqj 19 jk ishji w. Nd.fha
§ bkaÈhdkq ksoyia jHdmdrfha lghq;= werôKs. 20 jk ishjfia uq,a Nd.h tu ksoyia jHdmdrfha
b;du l%shdldÍ wjêh úh. úúO ck j¾.j,g wh;a jQ úúO NdId l:d l< bkaÈhdkq ck;dj
uy;aud .dkaê we;=`M bkaÈhdkq kdhlhkaf.a u`. fmkaùu hgf;a ±ä foaYdkqrd.fhka hq;= j ksoyia
igk fufyhùu fiiq wdishd;sl hg;a úcs;j,g o wdo¾Yhla úh. fuu mßÉfPaofha § bkaÈhdfõ
hqfrdamSh n,mEï bkaoshdj ì%;dkH hg;a úcs;hla njg m;a ùu ksoyia igka jHdmdrh yd bkaÈhdkq
ksoyia igfka lemS fmkqK kdhlhka ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq flf¾.

ksmqK;dj ( • bkaÈhdfõ úúO cd;Ska bkaÈhdkqjka f,i tlai;a j lghq;= l< wdldrh
wdo¾Yhg f.k Y%S ,dxlsl;ajh ms<sn`o ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lrhs

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 4'1 bkaoshdkq ksoyia jHdmdrfha § trg ck;dj tlai;a j lghq;= l< wdldrh
wOHhkh lrhs

ld,ÉfPao ( 10

bf.kqï M, ( • wêrdcHjd§ka bkaÈhdj ;=< n,h jHdma; l< wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs.
• bkaÈhdkq ksoyia igka jHdmdrh úia;r lrhs
• bkaÈhdkq cd;sl ksoyia igka jHdmdrh ;=< úúO cd;Ska tlai;a j lghq;=
l< wdldrh w.h lrhs
• bkaÈhdkq cd;sl ksoyia igka jHdmdrh iu`. ne|s foaYfm%aó pß; wdo¾Yhg
.kS

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka lreKq weiqfrka mdvu ie,iqï lrkak

• bkaÈhdj ;=< hqfrdamSh n,mEu

- mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais" bx.%Sis yd m%xY cd;slhka bkaÈhdjg meñKSu
- bkaÈhdj ì%;dkH hg;a úcs;hla njg m;a ùu

• j¾I 1857 isfmdhs le/,a,

 le/,a,g n,mE fya;=
 le/,af,a iajrEmh
 m%;sM,

• bkaÈhdkq ksoyia igfka lemSfmfkk ,CIK

- cd;sl ix.uh ìysùfï miqìu
- cd;sl ix.ufha wruqqKq
- cd;sl ix.ufha l%shdldß;ajh
- uqia,sï ,S.h msysgqùu

15
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

- bx.%SiSka wkq.ukh l< Wml%u

- uy;aud .dkaêf.a lghq;=
- bkaÈhdjg ksoyi ,eîu

• bkaÈhdkq ksoyia igfka lemS fmkqK kdhlfhda

- ovdNd.s kvfrdacs
- iqf¾kaøkd;a nek¾cs
- nd,a .x.dOd¾ ;s,la
- uy;aud .dkaê
- ujq,dkd wíÿ,a l,dï widoa
- cjy,a,d,a fkare

by; úIh lreKq wdjrKh jk mßÈ my; i|yka l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak

l%shdldrlu 01

• fuh lKavdhï l%shdldrlula f,i isÿ lrkak

• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lrkak
• weuqKqu 01 lKavdhïj,g ,nd§ f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug ld,h ,nd fokak
• l%shdldrlu i|yd iqÿiq Èkhla ;SrKh lr isiqkag ±kqï fokak
• kshu lr .;a Èkfha § weuqKqu 2 yd 3 lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak
• /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re" msk;
a r
+ wdÈh Wmfhda.s lr f.k ,nd § we;s Wmfoia mßÈ l%shdldrlfuys
ksr; lrjkak
• isiq ks¾udK tl;= lr ì;a;s mqj;am; ks¾udKh lrkak

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

weuqKqu 1ys i|yka mqoa., mska;+r

äuhs fld<
ma,eá.akï
.ï
fm< fmd;
b;sydi Odrd fmd;
fjk;a fmd;a fyda i`.rd

weuqKqu ^1&

uy;aud .dkaê
ovdNdhs kjfrdacs
ujq,dkd wnq,a l,dï widoa
iqf¾kaøkd;a nek¾cs
cjy,a,d,a fkare

16
Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

17
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

weuqKqu ^2&

weuqKqu ^3&

lKavdhug Wmfoia

• Tn fj; imhd we;s mska;+r w;ßka lreKq fiùug Tn lKavdhug mejrE

mqoa.,hdf.a mska;+rh f;dard.kak'
• th Tng imhk äuhs fld<fha w,jkak'
• tys háka Tyqf.a ku ksjerÈ j ,shkak'
• Bg háka Tn ,nd .;a f;dr;=re ,shkak'

thg ku" Wmka m%foaYh" idudkH cSjk f;dr;=re" bkaÈhdkq ksoyia igkg
±lajQ odhla;ajh yd Tng tu pß;fhka .; yels wdo¾Y ,shkak'

• Tfí m;%sldj mka;s ì;a;s i`.rdjg tl;= lrkak'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl weiqßka we.hSu yd ;lafiarej isÿ lrkak'

• f;dr;=rej, ksjerÈ nj
• f;dr;=re .fõIKh lsÍug úúO ud¾. fhdod .ekSu
• f;dr;=re ixúOdkd;aul j f.dkq lsÍu
• ld,h l<uKdlrKh
• iuia; ksudj

18
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

by; úIh lreKq wdjrKh jk mßÈ my; i|yka l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak

weuqKqu 01 ys we;=,;a ld¾h m;%sldj wNHdi fmdf;a igyka lr .ekSug isiqkag wjia:dj
fokak

l%shdldrlu 2
• fuh flaj, l%shdldrluls

• bkaÈhdkq cd;sl ksoyia igfka wjia:d lSmhla yd wdo¾Y lSmhla my; ±lafõ. ta ta wjia:d
yd wdo¾Y ms<sn| Tfí woyia bÈrsfhka we;s lv brs u; ,shd olajkak.

^1& tluq;=lfï wjYH;dj yd cd;sl ix.uh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

msyg
s qùu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^2& iajfoaYSh jHdmdrh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^3& wúysxidjd§ jHdmdrh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^4& fkdmiqng wruqKq lrd <`.d ùu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

^5& iyfhda.s;dfjka lghq;= lr '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ksoyi ,nd .ekSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl weiqßka we.hSu yd ;lafiarej isÿ lrkak

• ir, j yd ksjerÈ j f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍu

• úpdrYS,S j woyia bÈrsm;a lsÍu
• iunr j f;dr;=re ,sùu
• wdl,amSh f;dr;=re ,sùu
• kshñ; ld,hg l%shdldrlu wjika lsÍu

19
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

9'5 Y%S ,xldfõ wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK yd cd;sl ksoyia jHdmdrh

j¾I 1815 § Wvrg rdcOdksh ì%;dkH hg;a ùu;a iu`. tf;la furg mej;s rdcdKavq md,k
l%uh ì| jeáKs' bka miqj 1948 j¾Ifha§ Y%S ,xldjg ksoyi ,efnk f;la iuia; Èjhsk u ì%;dkH
md,kh hgf;a mej;sKs' ì%;dkHhka úiska 1833§ flda,anDDla m%;sixialrKh y÷kajd fok ,È'
tfy;a md,k lghq;=j, § iajfoaYslhkag jeä n,;, ,nd fok f,i b,a,d ,dxlslfhda Woaf>daIK
Èh;a l<y' tys m%;sM, f,i jßka jr furgg wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK lsysmhla y÷kajd tajdhska
o iEySug m;a fkdjQ ,dxlslfhda wLKav Woaf>daIK jHdmdrhla Èh;a l<y' 1948 j¾Ifha § ,xldjg
ksoyi ,nd.; yels jQfha tu Woaf>daIKj, m%;sM,hla f,isks' fuu mßÉfPaofhka ì%;dkHhka
úiska furgg y÷kajd fok ,o wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK yd ,dxlslhkaf.a Woaf>daIK jHdmdrh
^cd;sl ksoyia jHdmdrh& ms<sn| j f;dr;=re ixCIsma; j idlÉPd flf¾'

ksmqK;dj ( Y%S ,xldfõ md¾,sfïka;= l%ufha úldYkh yd thg foaYSh kdhlhkaf.a

odhl;ajh úu¾Ykh lr rfÜ m%cd;ka;%jdoh /l .ekSug odhl fjhs

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'1 Y%S ,xldfõ md¾,sfïka;= l%ufha j¾Okh úuid n,hs

ld,ÉfPao ( 10

bf.kqï m, ( • ì%;dkHhka hgf;a furg mej;s wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK meyeÈ,s lrhs

• wdKavql%u m%;i
s xialrK ,nd .ekSu ms<sn| j YS% ,dxlslhkaf.a odhl;ajh
fmkajd fohs

• Y%S ,xldfõ md¾,sfïka;= l%uh wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKj, l%ñl

úldYkhla nj fmkajd fohs

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka úIh lreKq weiqfrka mdvu ie,iqïlr .kak

• 1833 flda,anDDla-leurka m%;sixialrK

- flda,anDDla-leurka m%;sixialrK y÷kajd §ug ;=vqÿka fya;=

jißka jir ,xldfõ wdodhu my< nisñka úhou by< hdu

furg úhou mshjd .ekSu i|yd ì%;dkHfhka jßka jr uqo,a b,a,Su

• flda,anDDla fldñifï úu¾Ykhg ,lajQ fCIa;%

- wdKqvqldrjrhdf.a lghq;=
- wdodhï yd úhoï - ví. tï. iS. flda,anDDla
- furg mßmd,k wdh;k
- wêlrK fCIa;%h - pd,aia fya leurka

• l%shd;aul lrk ,o m%;sixialrK

- jHjia:dodhl iNdj yd úOdhl iNdj msysgqùu
- Wvrg yd my;rg m%foaY taldnoaO fldg rg tlafiai;a lsÍu
- mßmd,k lghq;= i|yd uq¿ rg u m<d;a mylg fn§u
- wksjd¾h fiajd rdcldß l%uh wfydais lssÍu
- bx.%Sis wOHdmkh mq¿,a lsÍu

20
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

• Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a Woaf>daIK

- flda,anDDla m%;sixialrKfha hï hï wx. ixfYdaOkh lrk f,i b,a,d furg isá

hqfrdamSh jHdmdßlhka uq,a jrg Woaf>daIK wdrïN lsÍu
- 20fjks ishji ;=< ke`.S wd ,dxlsl uOHu mka;slhka furgg wdKavql%u
m%;sixialrKhla wjYH njg b,a,Sï bÈrsm;a lsÍu

• lDDõ uel,ï m%;sixialrK

- 1910 m%;sixialrKh hgf;a jHjia:dodhl iNdj

- jHjia:dodhl iNdjg idudcslhka f;dard m;a lr .ekSfï§ m<uq jrg Pkao n,h
y÷kajd §u
- W.;a ,dxlslhka fjkqfjka tla ksfhdcs;hl= tu iNdjg m;aùu
- ckjd¾.sl ksfhdack l%uh ;j ÿrg;a l%shd;aul ùu

• ,xld cd;sl ix.uh

- ,xldfõ fuf;la mej;s ixúOdkj, tl;=jla f,i 1919 § ,xld cd;sl ix.uh
msyg
s qùu

• ,xld cd;sl ix.ufha wruqKq

- ,dxlslhkag foaYmd,k n,;, ,nd .ekSug Yla;su;a Woaf>daIK fufyh ùu

- jHjia:dodhl n,;, mq¿,a lr .ekSu
- foaYSh kdhlhkag md,k lghq;=j,g jeä jeäfhka iïnkaO ùug wjia:dj ,nd
.ekSu
- isxy,, fou<, uqia,sï jeks úúO ck fldgia ksfhdackh l< ixúOdk /ila fmdÿ
wruqKla fjkqfjka tlg tl;= ùu furg b;sydifha jeo.;a wjia:djla ùu
- ,xld cd;sl ix.uh wkq.ukh l< l%shd ud¾.

• 1920 ueksx m%;sixialrKh

- jHjia:dodhl iNdfõ m<uq jrg ks, fkd,;a nyq;rhla we;sùu

- m<d;ano Pkao fldÜGdi l%uh y÷kajd §u

• 1924 ueksx fvfjdkaIh¾ m%;sixialrKh

- jHjia:dodhl iNdfõ ixhq;sh

- jHjia:dodhl iNdfõ idudcslhkaf.a nyq;rh iSñ; Pkaofhka m;a l< wh ùu

- ckjd¾.sl ksfhdack l%uh ;j ÿrg;a ls%hd;aul ùu

- 1920 wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ mej;s Pkao n,fha lsis ÿ fjkila isÿ fkdùu

21
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

• 1931 fvdkfuda¾ m%;sixialrKh

- fvdkfuda¾ fldñiu m;aùu yd furgg meñKSu

• fvdkfuda¾ m%;sixialrK fhdackd

- rdcH uka;%K iNdj msysgqùu

- i¾j ck Pkao n,h

- úOdhl ldrl iNd l%uh

- wdKavqldrjrhd yd rdcH ks,OdÍk

a
- ckjd¾.sl ksfhdack l%uh wfydais lsÍu

• 1947 fida,anß wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK

- fida,anß fldñiu m;a lsÍu

- fida,anß fldñiu furg meñKSu yd kj wdKavq ie,iqï lsÍu

• fida,anß wdKavql%uh

- w.%dKavqldr ;k;=r
- oaúuKav, md¾,sfïka;=j
- w.ue;s m%Odk leìkÜ uKav,h
- rdcH fiajd fldñiu yd wêlrK fiajd fldñiu

by; úIh lreKq wdjrKh jk mßÈ my; i|yka l%shdldrlu isÿ lrkak
l%shdldrlu 01

• Y%S ,xld wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK yd cd;sl ksoyia jHdmdrh hk mdvu weiqfrka my;
01 i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lsÍug Wmfoia fokak
• fuh lKavdhï l%shdldrlula f,i isÿ lrkak
• YsIHhka iqiqiq mßÈ lKavdhïj,g fnokak
• by; mdvï ms<sn| j m<uq j isiqka iu`. idlÉPd lrkak
• weuqKqu 01ys i|yka j.=j yqkq mqjrefõ igyka lrkak
• äuhs fld<j, fyda ì%ia,a fndaâj, fyda tu j.=j msgm;a lr .kakd f,i lKAvdhïj,g
Wmfoia fokak
• lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd iu`. idlÉPd lrñka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak
• lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak
• isiq bÈrsm;a lsÍïj, W!k mQrK imhñka yqKq mqjrefõ j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak
• tu j.=j YsIH wNHdi fmdf;a igyka lr.ekSug Wmfoia fokak

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

• ì%ia,a fndaâ, ma,eá.akï

22
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

weuqKqu 01

j¾Ih wdKavlq %u jHjia:dodhlh jHjia:dodhlhg m;a l< m%;sixialrKfha

m%;sixialrKh ye`ÈkajQ ku uka;S% ixLHdj
jeo.;alu

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl weiqßka ;lafiarej yd we.hSu isÿ lrkak

• wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK kï lrhs

• wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK ms<sn| f;dr;=re ksjerÈ j j.= .; lrhs
• ,nd§ we;s Wmfoia wkqj lghq;= lrhs
• kshñ; ld,hg ld¾hh lrhs
• lKavdhï iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrhs

by; i`oyka úIh lreKq wdjrKh jk fia my; oelafjk ls%hdldrlfuys isiqka ksr; lrjkak

l%shdldrlu 02

• fuh lKavdhï l%shdldrlula f,i fhdod .kak

• iqÿiq mßÈ isiqka lKAvdhï lrkak
• weuqKqu 01 ld¾h m;%sldj lKAvdhï w;r fnod fokak
• wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK ms<sn| lreKq we;=<;a fm< fmd; yd fjk;a uQ,dY%h o imhkak
^9 fY%aKsh" 11 fY%aKsh, b;sydih merKs úIh ks¾foaYfha fm< fmd;a, mqj;a m;a, i`.rd ,sms
wdÈh /ia lr .ekSug isiqka ±kqïj;a lrkak&

• msgq fmr<k udi fod<fya le,ekavrhla imhd.kak

• tu msgqjl m%udKhg äuhs lvodis fyda iqÿ meye;s lvodis fyda 6 la lmd .kak
• ;=Kavqj, ,shd rjqï l< wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK yh wyUq f,i f;dard .ekSug i,iajkak
• lKavdhug ,enqKq ud;Dldjg wod<j jeo.;a f;dr;=re idlÉPd lr f.dkq .; lr
.ekSug lKavdhïj,g u`. fmkajkak
• ,nd ÿka äuhs ke;fyd;a iqÿ lvodisfha ks¾udKYS,S j msgqj ilia lr .ekSug lKavdhïj,g
u`. fmkajkak
• lKavdhfï ks¾udKh mka;shg bÈrsm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§ ks¾udKh w.hkak
• msgq fmr<k le,ekavrh i|yd uq,a msgqjla o ks¾udKd;aul j ilialr w,jkak
• we;=`M msgqj, ^tl msgqjl tl ne.ska isák fia& wkqms<sfj<ska lKavdhï ks¾udKh
le,ekavrfha w,jkak
• msgq fmr<k le,ekavrhla fia jev wjika lr mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak

23
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

• msgq fmr<k le,ekavrhla $ tu le,ekav¾ fld<hl mßudKhg ilia lr .;a äuhs fyda
iqÿ lvodis msgq 06 la
• fm< fmd; yd fjk;a wod< uQ,dY%h $ mska;+r mqj;am;a ,sms wdÈh, ma,eá.akï, .ï

weuqKqu 01

ld¾h m;%sldj

my; i|yka lreKq hgf;a tla wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK ms<sn|j lreKq fm< .iajkak

• wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK

• wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKhg wod< jeo.;a fhdackd

•  wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKj, hym;a" whym;a ,CIK

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia

my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl weiqßka ;lafiarej yd we.hSu isÿ lrkak

• ;u ud;Dldjg wod<j ksjerÈ j f;dr;=re /ia lrhs

• jeo.;a fhdackd kï lrhs
• wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKj, hym;a" whym;a ,CIK idlÉPd lrhs
• lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lrhs
• kss¾udKYS,Sj msgq fmr<k le,ekavrhla ilihs

24
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

6' ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldj

Y%S ,xldj jir 133 lg wêl ld,hla ì%;dkH wêrdcHjd§ka hgf;a md,kh úh' 1948 j¾Ifha §
,xldjg ksoyi ,eìKs' ta iu`. u ,xldjg md¾,sfïka;= wdKavql%uhla ,enqK neúka" ksfhdað;
m%cd;ka;%jdoh u.ska foaYmd,khg iïnkaO ùug ,dxlslhkag wjia:dj ,enqKs' ta wkqj ksoyiska
miq n,hg m;a jq wdKavq yd tu wdKavqj, jevms<sfj< ms<sn| j fláfhka lreKq idlÉPd lsÍu
fuu mßÉfþofhka isÿ fõ' tfuka u YS% ,xldj ckrchla njg m;a ùu" úOdhl ckdêm;sl%uh
wdrïN ùu fuka u ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh yd iudc iqN idOk lghq;= ms<sn|
j o fláfhka lreKq idlÉPd flf¾'

ksmqK;dj( • Èkd.;a ksoyi M,odhS j Ndú;d lsÍug fm,fUhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu( 6'1 ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ foaYmd,k yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh úia;r lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 10 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( • ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ foaYmd,k yd wd¾Ól lghq;= úia;r lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqu i`oyd Wmfoia

my; i|yka úIh lreKq weiqfrka mdvu ie,iqï lr.kak

• 1947 § m<uq md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrKh meje;aùu yd ,dxlslhkag ksoyi ,eîu

• ksoyiska miq ,xldfõ meje;a jQ uyue;sjrK yd m;a jQ wdKavqj, jev ms<sfj<

• 1952 uy ue;sjrKh yd tlai;a cd;sl mCI wdKavqj

- tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ch .ekSu yd vâ,s fiakdkdhl uy;d w.ue;s ;k;=rg m;aùu
- vâ,s fiakdkdhl uy;d w.ue;s ;k;=frka b,a,d wiaùu yd tu ;k;=rg fcdaka
fld;,dj, uy;d m;aùu
- 1955 § tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha idudðl;ajh .ekSu

• 1956 uy ue;sjrKh yd kj wdKavqj

- fuu ue;sjrKh YS% ,dxflah foaYmd,k b;sydifha ikaêia:dkhla ùu

- tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg úreoaO j YS% ,xld ksoyia mlaIh ;j;a mlaI lsym
s hla iu`. tl;=
ù uyck tlai;a fmruqK msysgqjd .ekSu
- tia'ví'wd¾'ã' nKavdrkdhl uy;d fuu ue;sjrKdha § i`." fjo" .=re" f.dú" lïlre
hk mxp uyd n,fõ.hl iydh ,nd .ekSu
- uyck tlai;a fmruqK ch.%yKh lsÍu yd tia'ví'wd¾'ã' nKavdrkdhl uy;d w.ue;s
;k;=rg m;aùu
- uyck tlai;a fmruqKq wdKavqj l%shd;aul l< lemS fmkqKq ld¾hfhda
) foaYSh l¾udka; yd f.dú;eka ÈhqKq lsÍu
) cki;= jHdmdr mq`M,a lsÍu
) isxy, NdIdj rdcH NdIdj njg m;a lsÍu

25
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

• 1960 cQ,s uy ue;sjrKh yd kj wdKavqj

- 1960 ud¾;= uy ue;sjrKfhka lsisÿ malaIhlg nyq;r n,hla ,nd .ekSug fkdyels jQ
w;r" vâ,s fiakdkdhl uy;df.a kdhl;ajhka hq;= tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh" mlaI lsysmhla
iu`. tl;= ù wdKavqjl msysgqùu tfy;a md¾,sfïka;=j újD; lsÍu i|yd mj;ajk ,o
rdcdik l;dfjka u wdKavqj mrdchg m;a ùu' fï ksid wdKavqj úiqrejd yeÍu
- 1960 cQ,s meje;a jQ uy ue;sjrKfhka isßudfjda nKavdrkdhl ue;skshf.a kdhl;ajfhka
hq;= Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh ch .ekSu yd isßudfjda nKavdrkdhl w.ue;sksh ùu
- Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh úiska ,xld iuiudc mlaIh yd fldñhqksiaÜ mlaIh jeks
jdudxYsl mlaI iu`. tl;= ù iu`.s fmruqKq wdKavqj msysgqùu
- cki;= jHdmdrh bÈßhg f.k hdu
- foaYSh wd¾Ólh k`.d isgqùug fhduq jQ ms<sfj;la bÈßhg f.k hdu

• 1956 uyue;sjrKh

- tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ch .ekSu yd vâ,s fiakdkdhl uy;d f;jk jrg o w.ue;s
;k;=rg m;aùu

• 1970 uyue;sjrKh

- iu.s fmruqKq wdavqj ch .ekSu yd isßudfjda nKavdrkdhl ue;sksh w.ue;sksh ùu

- 1972 m<uq ckrc jHjia:dj y÷kajd §u yd YS% ,xldj ckrchla njg m;a ùu

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdldrlï - 01

ksoyiska miq 1970 olajd YS% ,xldfõ meje;a jQ uyue;sjrKh ms<sn| j f;dr;=re we;=<;a jk my;
i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrjkak'

- fuh flaj, l%shdldrlula f,i isÿ lrjkak

- isiq l%shdldrlu we.hSug ,la lrkak

weuqKqu -01

uyue;sjrKh ch.;a mlaIh m;ajQ w.ue;sjrhd m;ajQ" wdKavqj úiska

isÿ l< jeo.;a ld¾h

26
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

• 1972 m<uq ckrc jHjia:dj

- fuu wdKavql%u jHjia:dj u`.ska"
- ,xldj kñka ye¢kajQ rg Y%S ,xldj kdufhka ye¢kaùu
- ì%;dkH wêrdcH iu`. ish¨ ne`ÿïj,ska ñ§ug úêúOdk fh§u
- wdKavql%u jHjia:dj rfÜ W;a;Í;r kS;sh njg ms<s.ekSu

• 1972 wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ m%Odk wx. ,laIK

- kdñl úOdhlh jQ ckdêm;s Oqrh
- cd;sl rdc iNdj
- w.ue;s m%Odk leìkÜ uKav,h
- wêlrK moaO;sh

• 1978 fojk ckrc jHjia:dj

- 1977meje;s uyue;sjrKfhka tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ch.;a w;r" tys kdhl fÊ'wd¾'
chj¾Ok uy;d" úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh iys; wdKavql%u jHjia:djla iïmdokhg
lghq;= lf<a h'
- 1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ m%Odk wx. ,laIK
- úOdhl ckdêm;s Oqrh
- w.ue;s yd wud;HuKav,h
- md¾,sfïka;=j
- wêlrKh
- uQ,sl ñksia whs;sjdislï

ls%hdldrlï - 02
1972 yd 1978 ckrc wdKavql%u jHia:d weiqßka my; i|yka ls%hdldrlfuys isiqka fhduq lrjkak

• weuqKqu wxl 02 ys i|yka" j.=j yqkq mqjrefõ we| olajkak'

• j.=fjys ju mi ;Srefjys we;s ud;Dld iïnkaOfhka 1972 yd 1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:dj, we;s
lreKq ms<sn|j isiqkaf.ka úuiSula lrkak'
• isiq m%;spdr j.=fjys igyka lrkak' j.=fjys igyka lsÍu i|yd o" isiqka fhduq lrúh yels h'
• miqj W!K mQ¾K imhñka 1972 yd 1978 wdKavql%u jHjia:dj, fjkialï myod fokak'
ieu isiq fjl=gu j.=j msgm;a lsÍug wjia:dj i,id fokak'

weuqKqu -02

udlDldj 1972 jHjia:dj 1978 jHjia:dj

ckdèm;s Oqrh

w.ue;s m%uqL
leìkÜ uKav,h

jHjia:dodhlh

27
 Draft 9 fY%aKsh .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ ixj¾Ok lghq;=

• ixj¾Ok lghq;=

- ù f.dú;ek ÈhqKq lsÍu

- ld¾ñl wxYfha we;s jQ ÈhqKqj
- wOHdmk ixj¾Ok lghq;=

• iudc iqNidOkh

- fi!LH myiqlï by< kexùu

- iykdOdr ,nd§u
- .%dóh m%foaYj, myiqlï jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

l%shdldrlï - 03

ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ we;s jQ ixj¾Ok lghq;= yd iqNidOk lghq;= weiqfrka my; i|yka
l%shdldrlfuys isiqka fhduq lrjkak'

• fuh flaj, ls%hdldrlula f,i isÿ lrkak

• weuqKqu 02 ys i|yka j.=j yqkq mqjrefõ we| olajkak
• tu j.=fjys wNHdi fmdf;a igyka fldg ueo ;Srefjys we;s ud;Dldj,g wod< j f;dr;=re
fm<fmd; weiqfrka fidhd" lreKq ;=k ne.ska ol=Kq mi ;Srefjys ,shk f,i Wmfoia
fokak'
• l%shdldrlu isÿ lsÍug wjYH ld,h ,nd fokak'

weuqKqu -03

ud;Dldjg wod<
ud;Dldj f;dr;=re

ù f.dú;ek 1'
2'
ixj¾Ok lghq;= 3'
ld¾ñl wxYfha ishqKqj

wOHdmk lghq;=

fi!LH myiqlï ,nd §u

iqnidOk lghq;= iykdOdr ,nd§u

.%dóh m%foaYj, myiqlï

jeäÈhqKq lsÍu

28