Kynar

CERDATO/DDA/13/11/01
KYNAR
Chemical resistance tables
KYNAR
Index
Page numbers
1. General Introduction 3
2. Resistance criteria – Standards 4 to 5
3. KYNAR® - General resistance table 6 to 13
4. KYNAR® - Long term ageing and stress resistance behaviour 14 to 17
5. SOLVENTS for KYNAR® PVDF 18
6. Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to BASES and ALKALIS 19 to 21
7. Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to CHLORINE 22 to 23
8. Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to SULFURIC ACID 24 to 25
9. Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to BROMINE 26 to 27
10. Chemical resistance of KYNAR FLEX® PVDF copolymers 28 to 30
11. Permeability properties of KYNAR® PVDF 31 to 36
12. Comparison of chemical resistance of KYNAR® PVDF with other

thermoplastic materials used in the chemical process industry 37
Les éléments contenus dans ce document résultent d’essais de nos Centres de Recherches complétés par une documentation sélectionnée : ils ne sauraient toutefois constituer de notre part, ni une
garantie, ni un engagement formel. Seules les spécifications précisent les limites de notre engagement. La manipulation des produits, leur mise en oeuvre et leurs applications restent soumises à la
réglementation résultant de la législation en vigueur dans chaque pays et ne peuvent mettre en cause la responsabilité de notre société.
The information contained in this document is based on trials carried out by our Research Centres and data selected from the literature, but shall in no event be held to constitute or imply any
warranty, undertaking, express or implied commitment from our part. Our formal specifications define the limit of our commitment. No liability whatsoever can be accepted by Atofina with regard to
the handling, processing or use of the product or products concerned which must in all cases be employed in accordance with all relevant laws and/or regulations in force in the country or
countries concerned.
4/8, cours MICHELET - 92800 Puteaux (France) - Tel. (33) 01 49 00 80 80 - Téléfax (33) 01 49 00 83 96
www.atofina.com
BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar® 2

1. Introduction
KYNAR® polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the homopolymer of 1,1-difluoroethylene, is a tough

engineering thermoplastic. The unique structure of alternating methylene and difluoromethylene units along
the chain creates a polymer material having high crystallinity combined with a high polarity resulting in sharp
melting point. Thus KYNAR® PVDF has the characteristic stability of fluoropolymers when exposed to
harsh thermal, chemical and ultraviolet environments while retaining the properties of a conventional
thermoplastic material. KYNAR® PVDF can readily be processed by all known extrusion and molding
processes.
®
Ø Important properties of KYNAR PVDF :
• Mechanical strength and toughness
• High abrasion resistance
• High thermal stability
• Very low creep
• High dielectric strength
• High purity
• Readily melt processable
• Exceptional outdoor weather resistance due to its total inertness to UV
radiation
• Resistance to nuclear radiation
• Resistance to fungi
• Very smooth surfaces can be obtained
• Low permeability to most gases and liquids
• Low flame and smoke characteristics
• Rigid and FLEX ible versions available
®
KYNAR , Polyvinylidene difluoride, offers very good chemical resistance in the presence of a wide
variety of different chemicals up to high temperatures of approximately 150°C:
Ø KYNAR® resists well :

- to acids
- to salt solutions Ø KYNAR® swells in certain polar
- to oxydants solvents :
- to halogens - ketones
- to alcohols - esters
- to chlorinated solvents
- to aliphatic hydrocarbons
- to petrol Ø The following solvents dissolve
KYNAR® :
®
Ø At higher temperatures KYNAR is - Dimethyl acetamide (DMA)
attacked by : - Dimethyl formamide (DMF)
- amines - N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)
- concentrated sulfuric or nitric acid
- alkaline solutions of intermediate
concentration
2 Resistance criteria - Standards
The following tables show results based on short time scale trials. These laboratory tests allow to screen a
great number of chemicals of which sensitive chemicals have been further investigated.
The tests have been undertaken as follows:
- Tensile specimens according to the standard ASTM 3222-73 and injected sheets are immersed into
the indicated chemical.
- After 7 days of immersion the samples are tensile tested according to the standard ASTM D 638
and the obtained values compared to the values of non exposed samples.
- Swelling measurements are performed on the injected sheets according to the standard ASTM D
543.67.
Ø The judgement on chemical resistance is based on the standard ISO 4433.

It is based on:
- variation of weight
- surface aspect
- coloration
- mechanical properties (stress at yield , elongation at break)
+ « resistant » or 0 « partial or limited - « not resistant or not

« satisfactory », if resistance », if satisfactory resistance », if
- 2 % ≤∆ m ≤+ 10 % and ∆ m > 10 % or ∆ m < -2 %

80 % > Q > 46 % and Q ≤46 % and
- 2 % ≤∆ m ≤+ 10 % and εR2 ≥ 0,9 εS1 and εR2 ≥ 0,9 εS1 and
Q ≥ 80 % and εS2 ≤2 εS1 εS2 ≤2 εS1
εR2 ≥ 0,9 εS1 and or or
εS2 ≤2 εS1 - 2 % ≤∆ m ≤+ 10 % and - 2 % ≤∆ m ≤+ 10 % and
Q ≥ 80 % and 80 % > Q > 46 % and
εS1 ≤εR2 ≤0,9 εS1 and εS1 ≤εR2 ≤0,9 εS1 and
εS2 ≤2 εS1 εS2 ≤2 εS1
Q = σS2 / σS1 index 1 = reference sample index 2 = aged sample

∆ m = mean of relative weight change σS = mean value of tensile stress at yield
εs = mean value of elongation at yield εR = mean value of elongation at break
It should be noted that this classification does not yet take into account the resistance under mechanical
load, such as the pressure bearing of a pipe.
For this type of resistance additional tests have to be done. In this brochure the long term ageing tests done
with applied stress give information on this subject.

2 Resistance criteria - Standards
Ø Classification based on the factor Q
100
+
0
Q - value
10
7 14 28 56 112 365 730
Days
A simplified approach, which allows chemical compatibility estimations by following the weight change
only, has been established by the German Institut für Bautechnik (Institute for construction and building).
There it was found that it exists a straightforward relation between weight change and modulus evolution
during immersion testing.
2500
2000
E modulus (MPa)
1500
1000
500
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
change of weight (%)

Chapter 3
KYNAR®
General chemical resistance table
This table designed to serve as a general guide to the chemical compatibility performance of KYNAR®
PVDF has been based mainly on laboratory experiments, in particular immersion tests with at least 30 days
observation time. The performance criteria have been described in chapter 2. Many important chemicals
have been tested for considerable longer time scales. These results are described in chapter 4. In separate
chapters 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 particular chemicals are reviewed in detail and their chemical action leading to
compatibility limits described. Whenever possible, field trials and observations are included.
The results in the General chemical resistance table refer to the chemical compatibility of KYNAR®
PVDF itself. The performance of equipment where KYNAR® PVDF is used for corrosion protection
depends on the entire design. For instance, permeation of chemical species can reduce the temperature
rating of the equipment design to a lower value than that for KYNAR® PVDF.
Use of the table :

A drawn arrow signifies the classification « + ».
A dotted arrow signifies the classification « 0 ».
The sign « 5« signifies the classification « - ».

3 - KYNAR® - General chemical resistance table
Ø Mineral Acids Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ Boric acid saturated
§ Hydrobromic acid 50%
§ Hydrochloric acid concentr. /35%
§ Hydrochloric acid gas
§ Cyanic acid 100%
§ Hydrofluoric acid 40%
§ Nitric acid 30%
§ Nitric acid 65%
§ Perchloric acid 70%
§ Phosphoric acid 85%
§ Phosphoric acid 98%
§ Sulfuric acid 50%
§ Hydrogen sulfide
§ Chlorsulfonic acid 98%
§ Fluorosulfonic acid 97%
§ Fluorosilicic acid
Ø Mixtures of Mineral Conc. 25°C 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Acids
§ Sulfuric / nitric (1 / 1) 40%
§ Nitric / Hydrochloric (1 / 3) 100%
§ Phosphochromic :
- phosphoric 80%
- Chromium trioxide 5%
- Sulfuric 3%
§ Sulfochromic :
- Sulfuric 15%, Water 35%
- Chromium trioxide 50%
Ø Anhydrides and chlorides Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°
of Mineral Acids
§ Chromic anhydride saturated
§ Chromic anhydride 60%
§ Phosphore trichloride 100%
§ Phosphor pentachloride 100% 5
§ Phosphoroxy trichloride 100%
§ Thionyl chloride 100%
§ Sulfuric anhydride 100%
§ Sulfuryl chloride 100%
Ø Mineral Bases Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

*please refer also to chapter 6
§ Ammonia gas
§ Ammonia solution 30%
§ Potassium hydroxide 50%
§ Sodium hydroxide 45%
§ Sodium hydroxide 60%
Ø Mineral salts Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ All types of neutral or acidic
mineral salts in solution up to
saturation
§ Titanium tetrachloride 100%
§ Boron trifluoride 100%
Ø Elements Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ Bromine dry
§ Bromine humid
§ Chlorine dry -no UV
§ Chlorine Humid no
UV
§ Chlorine with UV 5
§ Fluorine
§ Hydrogen
§ Iodine
§ Mercury
§ Oxygen
§ Ozone gas (2%)
§ Ozone solution
§ Sulfur

Ø Organic acids Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ Acetic acid 100%
§ Acetic acid 50%
§ Acrylic acid
§ Benzene sulfonic acid concentr.
§ Benzoic acid satur.
§ Chloro-acetic acid 75%
§ Chloro-acetic acid 100%
§ Citric acid 50%
§ Formic acid 98%
§ Gallic acid satur.
§ Glycolloic acid satur.
§ Lactic acid (2-hydroxy- 50%
propanoic)
§ Lauric acid (dodecanoic) 100%
§ Linoleic acid (9,12- 100%
octadecadieneoic)
§ Maleic acid satur.
§ Malic acid satur.
§ Methane sulfonic acid 50%
§ Oleic ac. (9-octadecenoic ) 100%
§ Oxalic acid satur.
§ Palmitic acid 100%
§ Phtalic acid satur.
§ Picric acid (2,4,6 trinitro- 10%
phenol)
§ Salicylic acid 50%
§ Stearic acid satur.
§ Tartric acid satur.
§ Trichloro-acetic acid 50%
§ Trichloro-acetic acid 100%
Ø Anhydrides and chlorides Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°
of Organic acids
§ Acetic anh. 100%
§ Acetic acid chloride 100%
§ Chloro-acetic acid chloride 100%
§ Benzoyl chloride 100%
§ Trichloro-acetic acid chloride 100%

Ø Alcohols, Glycols, Phenols Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°
§ Pentanol (amyl alc.) 100%
§ Benzyl alc. 100%
§ n-Butyl alc. 100%
§ sec. Butyl alc. 100%
§ tert. Butyl alc. 100%
§ Butyl phenol (1-butyl-2-hydroxy 100%
benzene)
§ Cresole 100%
§ Cyclohexanol 100%
§ 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone 100%
§ Ethanol 100%
§ Ethylene glycol 100%
§ Glucose 100%
§ Glycerol 100%
§ Methanol 100%
§ Phenol 100%
§ Phenol 10%
§ Propanol 100%
§ Pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxy 100%
benzene)
Ø Aldehydes, Ketones Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ Acetone 100% 5
§ Acetone 50%
§ Acetone 10%
§ Acetone 5%
§ Acetophenone 100% 5
§ Acetyl-acetone 100% 5
§ Acroleine 100% 5
§ Benzaldehyde 100% 5
§ Butanone 100% 5
§ Chloral 100%
§ Crotonaldehyde 100%
§ Cyclohexanone 100% 5
§ Diisobutylketone 100%
§ Formaldehyde 30%
§ Furfural 100%
§ Methyl-isobutylketone 100% 5
§ Salicylic aldehyde 100%
BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

10
Ø Amines Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

*please refer also to chapter 6
§ Aniline 100%
§ n-Butyl amine 100% 5
§ sec. Butyl amine 100%
§ tert. Butyl amine 100%
§ Diethyl amine 100%
§ Diethylene triamine 100%
§ Dimethyl amine 100% 5
§ Dimethyl aniline 100%
§ Ethylene diamine 100% 5
§ Mono ethanol amine 100% 5
§ Morpholine 100% 5
§ Phenyl hydrazine 100%
§ Piperazine 100%
§ Pyridine 100% 5
§ Triethyl amine 100%
Ø Nitriles, Nitro or sulfur Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°
products
§ Acetonitrile 100%
§ Acrylonitrile 100%
§ Carbon disulfide 100%
§ Nitro-benzene 100%
§ Nitro-methane 100%
Ø Esters Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ Butyl acetate 100%
§ Butyl acrylate 100%
§ Cyclohexyl acetate 100%
§ Dimethyl phtalate 100%
§ Ethyl acetate 100%
§ Ethyl acrylate 100%
§ Pentyl acetate 100%
§ Tributyl phosphate 100%
Ø Ether oxydes Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ Chloromethyl methylether 100%
§ Dioxane 100% 5
§ Diethyl ether 100%
§ Furane 100% 5
§ Ethylene oxyde 100%
§ Propylene oxyde 100% 5
§ Tetrahydrofurane (THF) 100%
11
Ø Chlorinated Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

hydrocarbons
§ Allyl chloride 100%
§ Benzyl chloride 100%
§ 1-Chloro-pentane 100%
§ Chloro-benzene 100%
§ Chloroforme 100%
§ CFC 113 * 100%
§ CFC 114 * 100%
§ CFC 11 * 100%
§ CFC 12 * 100%
§ Dichloro-benzene 100%
§ Dichloro ethane 100%
§ Epichlorhydrine 100% 5
§ Ethyl chloride 100%
§ HCFC 22 100%
§ HFC 134 a 100%
§ HFC 407 c 100%
§ HFC 410 a 100%
§ Lauryl chloride 100%
§ Methyl chloride 100%
§ Methylene chloride 100%
§ Tetra-chloro ethylene 100%
§ Trichloro-benzene 100%
§ 1,1,1-trichloro ethane 100%
§ Trichloro ethylene 100%
Ø Other halogenated Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

hydrocarbons
§ 1-Bromo-butane 100%
§ 1,2-Dibromo ethane 100%
§ Iodoforme 100%
§ Methyl bromide 100%
The compounds marked by an asterix (*) are chloro-fluoro-carbons, which have been banned because of their
atmospheric ozone depletion effect. The information here is given only for general purposes.

12
Ø Hydrocarbons Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°
§ Benzene 100%
§ Butadiene 100%
§ Butene 100%
§ Cyclohexane 100%
§ Dekaline 100%
§ Heptane 100%
§ Hexane 100%
§ Kerosene 100%
§ Methane 100%
§ Naphta 100%
§ Naphthalene 100%
§ Octane 100%
§ Octene 100%
§ Propane 100%
§ Styrene 100%
§ Terpentine 100%
§ Toluene 100%
§ Xylene 100%
Ø Miscellaneous Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ Crude Oil
§ Hydrogen peroxide 30%
§ Kerosene
§ Light Fuel
§ Milk
§ Mineral oil
§ Oil Gilotherme
§ Oil Voltalef 1
§ Oil Voltalef 3
§ Petrol E
§ Potable water
§ Pyralene oil
§ Seawater
§ Silicon oil S 510
§ Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)
§ Urea 50%

13
Chapter 4
KYNAR®
Long term ageing and

stress resistance behaviour
The trials for long term chemical resistance are inspired by the standard ISO 4433 and has been adapted in
the following way:
Test specimen according to the standard ASTM D 1708 were cut out of an extruded band of 0,7 mm
thickness. These specimen were then placed into a recipient in full immersion of the chemical either without
tension or in a folded manner according to the description of the standard ASTM D 1693.
The evolution of the weight and the tensile properties were then noted and a classification was noted
according to the principle of the standard ISO 4433 for test specimen without tension and for the folded
ones under tension.
3 categories are thus established:
+ non-limited use
(small variations of weight and tensile properties)
0 limited use
(use only in absence of pressure or stress)
- do not use
In case the specimen without tension leads to a positive result and the specimen under tension obtains a
negative result, the overall usability must be interpreted such that KYNAR® does not sustain strong stress
nor tension under the conditions of the chemical exposed.

14
4 - KYNAR® - Long term ageing and stress resistance behavior
Reactant Temp. Exposure under no

(°C) time tension tension
Ø Acids
§ Acetic acid 50 % 130 1y + +
§ Acetic anhydride conc. 23 1y 0 0
§ “Eau régale” HCl 35 % /HNO3 65% 2 / 1 90 1y + +
§ Etching solution H3PO4 (85 %) 85 %, CH3CO2H 90 4m + +
5 %, HNO3 (64 %) 5 %, H2O 5 %
§ Hydrobromic acid 66 % (conc.) 90 1 year + +
§ Hydrochloric acid 35 % (conc.) 130 1y + +
§ Hydrochloric acid + dichloroethane (10 %) 90 6m + +
§ Hydrochloric acid + dichloroethane (10 %) 130 6m 0 +
§ Hydrochloric acid + methanol (10 %) 50 6m + +
§ Hydrochloric acid + methanol + chloroforme 50 6m + +
§ Nitric acid 32% 90 1y + +
§ Nitric acid 32 % 130 6 months + +
§ Nitric acid 52 % 130 2m 0 0
§ Nitric acid 65 90 6m + +
§ Nitric acid 98 % (conc) 50 2m + +
§ Nitric acid 98 % 90 2m - -
§ Oxalic acid 250 gl-1 75 2m + +
§ Phosphoric acid 85 % (conc.) 130 1y + +
§ Sulfuric acid 50 % * 130 1y + +
§ Sulfuric acid 80 % * 130 6m - -
§ Sulfuric acid 80 % * 90 1y + +
§ Sulfuric acid 96 % * 50 6m 0 +
§ Sulfuric acid 96 % * 75 3m - +
§ Sulfuric acid 99,2 % * 50 6m - +
§ Sulfuric acid 99,2 % * 23 6m 0 +
§ Sulfuric acid saturated with chloride 65 - 98 % 23 8m + +
§ Sulfuric acid 98 % + chloroforme (10 %) 50 6m + +
§ Sulfuric acid 98 % + diethylether (10 %) 50 6m + +
§ Sulfochromic acid CrO3 50 %, H2SO4 15 % 90 1y + +
§ Trichloroacetic acid 50 % 75 4m + +
* please also refer to chapter 9

15
Reactant Temp. Exposure under no

(°C) time tension tension
Ø Bases *please refer also to chapter 6

§ Ammonium hydroxide solution 20 % 23 6m + +
§ Ammonium hydroxide solution 20 % 90 1m - +
§ Ammonium hydroxide solution 29 % 50 9m - +
§ Ammonium hydroxide solution 29 % 75 2m - -
§ Sodium hydroxide 10 % 23 2 months - +
§ Sodium hydroxide 10 % 50 2m - +
§ Sodium hydroxide 10 % 90 2m - +
§ Sodium hydroxide 45 % 90 1 year - +
§ Sodium hydroxide 45 % 130 3m - -
§ Sodium hydroxide 10 % +1,7% Triton X100 23 1m - +
§ Sodium hydroxide 10 % +20% methanol 50 1m - +
§ Sodium carbonate solution 40 % 90 6m + +
§ Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) 23 4m + +
§ Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide 50 2m - +
Ø Halogens and inorganic halogenated

derivatives
§ Bromine 60 1y + +
§ Chlorine gaseous without light 100 11 d + +
§ Chlorine gaseous with UV light exposure 30 11 d - +
§ Hypochlorite solution 48° « javeline » 90 3 months - +
§ Hypochlorite solution 48° « javeline » 130 3m - 0
§ Hypochlorite solution 100° « javeline » 90 15 days - +
§ Phosphoroxy trichloride (POCl3) 50 4m 0 0
§ Phosphor trichloride (PCl3) 98 % 50 1y + +
§ Sodium chlorite (NaOCl) 845 gl-1 60 6m - +
§ Sodium chlorate (NaClO4) 500 gl-1 90 1 year + +
§ Sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) 23 4m + +
§ Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) 50 4m + +
Ø Surfactants
§ anionic surfactants 90 2 months + +
§ anionic surfactants 130 2m + 0
§ non-ionic surfactants 90 2m + +
§ dish washing detergent 90 6 weeks + +

16
Reactant Temp. (°C) Exposure under no

time tension tension
Ø Hydrocarbon solvents
§ Crude oil 90 2 years + +
§ Crude oil 130 2y + +
§ Crude oil 150 2y + +
§ Cyclohexane 90 4m + +
§ Decaline 90 4m + +
§ Tetraline 90 4m + +
§ Toluene 90 9 months + +
§ Xylene 90 2y + +
Ø Halogenated solvents
§ Benzene / chlorobenzene (1 / 1) 130 6 months 0 0
§ Chloro-acetyl chloride 90 4m 0 0
§ Chlorobenzene
§ Chloroforme 23 4m + +
§ Chloroforme 50 4m + +
§ 1,2-Dichloroethane 90 1y + +
§ Dichloromethane 50 4m + +
§ Dichloromethane 90 4m + +
§ Perchloroethylene 90 9m + +
§ Tetrachlorocarbon 90 6m 0 0
§ Trichloroethylene 90 1 year + +
§ 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 90 4m + +
Ø Oxygenated solvents
§ t-Butyl methyl ether 50 4m + +
§ Cyclohexanone 23 4m 0 0
§ Cyclohexanone 50 2 weeks - -
§ Dibutyl phthalate 90 4m + +
§ Ethyl acetate 50 6m - -
§ Ethyl 2-ethoxy-acetate 50 4m + +
§ Ethylene glycol 130 1 year + +
§ Glycerol 130 1y + +
§ Isopropanol 130 4 months + +
§ Isopropanol 60 % +H3PO4 23 %+P2O5 17 % 130 4m + +
§ Methanol 90 4m + +
§ Phenol 10 % 90 1y + +
§ Ultra pure water (resistance 18 MO) 150 1y + +

17
5 - Solvents for KYNAR® PVDF
Ø Active solvents
®
(Dissolve at least 5 - 10 % KYNAR resin at room temperature.)
Boiling point (°C) Flash point (°C)

§ Acetone 56 - 18
§ Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 65 -17
§ Methyl ethyl ketone (Butanone) 80 -6
§ Dimethyl formamide (DMF) 153 67
§ Dimethyl acetamide (DMA) 166 70
§ Tetramethyl urea 177 75
§ Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 189 35
§ Trimethyl phosphate 195
§ N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) 202 95
Ø Intermediate solvents
®
(Do not swell or dissolve KYNAR resin at room temperature, but at elevated temperature and
keep the resin in solution when cooled to ambient temperature.)

§ Butyrolactone 204 98
§ Isophorone 215 96
§ Carbitol acetate 217 110
Ø Latent solvents
®
(Do not dissolve or substantially swell KYNAR resin at room temperature, but at elevated
temperature.
When cooled to room temperature the resin crystallizes / precipitates from the solution.)

§ Methyl isobutyl ketone 118 23
§ N-butyl acetate 135 24
§ Cyclohexanone 157 54
§ Diacetone alcohol 167 61
§ Diisobutyl ketone 169 49
§ Ethyl acetoacetate 180 84
§ Triethyl phosphate 215 116
§ Propylene carbonate 242 132
§ Dimethyl phthalate 280 149
§ Glycol ethers ≥ 118 ≥ 40
§ Glycol ether esters ≥ 120 ≥ 30
18
6 - Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to BASES and ALKALIS
®
KYNAR PVDF resists well to a large variety of different chemicals. However, it has been well
established that bases and alkalis can chemically attack PVDF resins leading to chemical embrittlement (for
a litterature review please refer to the end of this chapter). The extent of the chemical attack of PVDF by
different bases is greatly governed by temperature, concentration and, in particuliar, by the type of base.
The general mechanism of base attack on PVDF relies on the dehydroflourination reaction which is initiated
by absorbed base molecules. The resultant double bonds formed by the elimination of HF from the
polymer backbone give rise to coloration. In case the dehydrofluorination reaction is very pronounced the
material becomes brittle.
q Molecular mechanism of the base attack:
HH HH H H H HH H
H +
C C C B C C C
C C C H F- + C C C
F F F F F F F F F F F
Since the absorption of a base is the prerequisite for the chemical attack, the solubility of the base in PVDF
becomes a most dominant factor. The other important factor is the reactivity of the base.
For a given base these factors depend on temperature and concentration.
The solubility of sodium hydroxide in PVDF is very low. At higher temperatures this leads to a distinct
surface degradation with the formation of a black brittle degraded skin with underlying non-degraded
PVDF which is impermeable and protects underlying material as long as it is undamaged. Under stress the
cracks formed in the brittle skin can propagate into the bulk material leading to failure.
For most applications in the chemical process industry we recommend to follow the indications given in the
table for KYNAR® homopolymer:
Ø Sodium hydroxide 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° Comments

aqueous solution
§ 4 gl-1 pH = 13 yellow
§ 40 gl-1 pH = 14 brownish
§ 100 gl-1 10 % X black
§ 450 gl-1 45% X black

19
The importance of the solubility in PVDF and the reactivity of the base in the chemical degradation of
PVDF are illustrated in the following table comparing the chemical compatibility of different amines in a
series of increasing molecular size :
Ø Amines Formula 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

§ Dimethyl amine (CH3)NH 5
§ Ethanol amine HOC2H4NH2 5
§ Morpholine (OC4H8NH) 5
§ Pyridine (C5H5N) 5
§ n-Butyl amine C4H9NH2 5
§ Diethyl amine (C2H5)2NH
§ Dibutyl amine (C4H9)2NH
§ Tributyl amine (C4H9)3N
§ Fatty amine C16H33NH2
q KYNAR FLEX® PVDF copolymers offer improved base resistance
KYNAR FLEX® , PVDF copolymers, offer a significantly improved chemical resistance due to two
effects.
- The higher flexibility reduces stress cracking significantly.
- The perfluorinated comonomer disrupts the dehydrofluorination process suppressing the embrittlement.
q Dehydrofluorination and the blocking of its progress in KYNAR FLEX® PVDF

copolymers
PVDF
HH HH H HF HH H HF H
H H H H H H
C C C C C C C C C
C C C C C C C C C
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
KYNAR FLEX
F FF F
F F F F
F HF HF
HF CH H H F CH H H F CH H
H
C C C C C C C C C
C C C C C C C C C
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
The partial blocking of the dehydrofluorination reaction results in significantly improved colour retention and
reduction of material embrittlement.

20
Laboratory test results :
Ø Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 90°C 3 months
® ® ® KYNAR FLEX
KYNAR KYNAR FLEX KYNAR FLEX
®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
1000 HD and 740
pH 13 0/- + + +
pH 14 - +/0 +/0 +
10 % - +/0 +/0 +
20 % - 0/- 0 +
Based on our laboratory tests and experience in applications using KYNAR FLEX® grade 2850 we
recommend the following temperature concentration limits for practical use in chemical process units :
Ø Sodium hydroxide 20° 40° 60° 90° 125° Comments

aqueous solution
§ 4 gl-1 pH = 13
§ 40 gl-1 pH = 14
§ 100 gl-1 10 %
§ 200 gl-1 45%
Litterature on PVDF resistance to bases :
« Cracking of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) linings in chemical tankers » P.ACID Lepoutre, C.D. Sterling,
V.S.M. Van Tilburg, Corrosion Australia 15(6), 9 (1991)
« Stress corrosion cracking of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) in sodium hydroxide » S.V. Hoa, P. Oulette, Pol.
Eng. And Sci. 23(4) , 202 (1983)
« Cracking of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) due to chemical attack » , C.D. Sterling, V.S.M. Van Tilburg,
N.ACID Miller, Polymers + Polymer Composites, 1(3), 167 (1993)
« Phase transfer catalysis in Dehydrofluorination of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) by aqueous sodium
hydroxide solutions » H. Kise, H. Ogata, J. Pol. Sci. 21, 3443 (1983)
« Verhalten von Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF) gegen Natronlauge » E. Barth, Kunststoffe 72, 5 (1982)
« The stability of fluorine-containing polymers to amines » M.I. Bro J. Appl. Pol. Sci. 1(3), 310 (1959)

21
7 - Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to CHLORINE
®
KYNAR PVDF resists well to molecular chlorine.
However, chlorine radicals, which are formed under UV-radiation, higher temperatures or other radical
sources, attack PVDF.
Thus, to effectively protect the installation for use in chlorine service an appropriate UV-shielding must be
provided by either pigmentation of the resin or an UV-filter varnish on the outside.
Ø Molecular mechanism of the chlorine attack:
UV
Cl Cl Cl* + Cl*
F F
F F
C Cl*
C C
C
H H Cl H
F F
Cl* F F
C
C C
C
Cl H Cl Cl
Ø The chlorination can be analyzed by the following methods:

§ increase in weight
§ measurement of the melting point: chlorination results in a drop in melting point
§ NMR spectroscopy: i.e. by NMR of the F19 isotope it is possible to establish the degree of
chlorination
§ mechanical measurements, i.e. tensile testing, chlorination results in a drop in mechanical strength
§ melt viscosity

22
7 - Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to CHLORINE
The following examples give an idea of the scope of the analysis methods cited and of the performances of
PVDF :
Ø Tube at the exit of a chlorine electrolysis cellule 7 years in service

• Melting point
new PVDF exterior of tube inside of tube particularly degraded
part inside
Tm = 170°C Tm = 170°C Tm = 162°C Tm = 158°C
• Tensile properties
new PVDF tube 54 MPa at yield
tube in service 45,7 MPa at yield
• F19 NMR spectroscopy

a− b
Definition of a chlorination coefficient: K = ×100
a
where: a = integration of all fluorine signals, b = all fluorine signals due to VF2
The measurement was done at 2 sites of the tube - near the cellule and further away:
K-values : near the cellule far away from cellule
inner surface of tube 17,0 12,8
middle of tube wall 1,2 1,0
outer surface of tube 0 0
Ø Chlorine collector - humid chlorine gas 80°C 10 years in service

• Melting point
new PVDF external surface inner surface
Tm = 170°C Tm = 164°C Tm = 152°C

external surface inner surface
K value 14,0 33,9
Ø Black pigmented tube - chlorine gas 70°C 7 years in service

• Melting point
new PVDF external surface inner surface
Tm = 170°C Tm = 170°C Tm = 170°C

external surface inner surface
K value 0 <1
new PVDF tube tube in service
tensile stress at yield (MPa) 54 54
23
8 - Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to SULFURIC ACID
® ®
KYNAR PVDF resists well to diluted sulfuric acid up to concentrated sulfur. However, KYNAR
PVDF can be attacked when the concentration of the sulfuric acid passes from concentrated to « fuming »
sulfuric acid (96 to 98%).
The reason for this behaviour is that sulfur trioxide (creating the fumes) can by absorbed by PVDF. This
compound can react with PVDF leading to dehydrofluorination similar to bases. Therefore coloration
occurs and when the degradation is advanced a black brittle surface layer forms.
®
Therefore the chemical resistance of KYNAR PVDF follows a clear concentration/temperature pattern
which is clearly related to the appearance of sulfur trioxide.
Chemical resistance of KYNAR® PVDF as a function of temperature and concentration
140
98%
120 does not resist
100
resists
Temperature (°C)
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Concentration (%)
Example of an application :
Ø Pipe at the exit of an acid distillation tower 10 years in service
• Characteristics : pipe made by thermoforming and welding of sheet with 15 mm thickness
• Operation conditions
110 – 120°C at vacuum of 70 mbar
vapours of aqueous sulfuric and nitric acids
Yearly inspections have never revealed any problem, nor was there any maintenance
operation necessary.

24
Table of experiments performed : KYNAR® in Sulfuric acid
Conc. Exp. time 23°C 50°C 75°C 90°C 130°C

% wt nt wt nt wt nt wt nt wt nt
50 § 1y + +
§ 3m + +
§ 6m - -
80
§ 1y + +
§ 2m + + + +
§ 3m 0 + + +
94
§ 6m 0 + - +
§ 1w + +
§ 2m + + 0 0
96
§ 3m
§ 6m 0 + - +
§ 1y 0 +
§ 1w 0 +
§ 7w - -
98
§ 2m + + 0 +
§ 3m - 0
§ 6m 0 +
§ 1w - 0
§ 7w - _
99,2
§ 3m - + - 0
§ 6m 0 + - +
§ 1y - +
« wt » : test specimen under tension « nt » : test specimen without tension

25
9 - Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to BROMINE
®
KYNAR PVDF resists very well to bromine - even at higher temperatures. During the service time
bromine diffuses into the PVDF layer, an effect which is readily visible by eye due to the red-orange
coloring of the PVDF. However, this effect is perfectly reversible. After desorption of the bromine
®
KYNAR PVDF regains its original color.
Permeability of bromine in KYNAR PVDF

as a function of temperature
40
35
30
Permeability
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temp (°C)
permeability units: g / (m2 day) thickness 50 µm
Examples of installed pieces in bromine service
Ø DN 40 tube ambient temperature 8 years in service
• Thermal treatment of tube Loss of 1,4 % weight, essentially bromine.

Restitution of original color
• Melting point new PVDF : Tm = 170°C

Tube : Tm = 170°C
• NMR and IR spectroscopy No bromine bound to PVDF
tensile stress at yield (MPa) 52 50.8
elongation at break (%) 200 197

26
9 - Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to BROMINE
Examples of installed pieces in bromine service
Ø Gas tube temperature 70 - 80°C 9 years in service
• Thermal treatment of tube

Loss of 1,5 % weight, essentially bromine.
Restitution of original color
• Melting point
new PVDF tube
Tm = 170°C Tm = 170°C
• NMR and IR spectroscopy

No bromine bound to PVDF
tensile stress at yield (MPa) 53 53
elongation at break (%) 100 96
Ø Isocontainer for bromine transport by rail
®
Ambient temperature, welded KYNAR sheets glued into steel container, service since 9 years
No problem detected since beginning of service.

27
10 - Chemical resistance of KYNAR FLEX® PVDF copolymers
®
Due to the more recent apparition of the KYNAR FLEX PVDF copolymers and their more restricted
use in the chemical process industry no extensive testing of chemical compatibility exists.
Nevertheless, the available data and a sound reasoning of the influence of the nature of the PVDF
copolymers in comparison to the PVDF homopolymers allows to dress general guidelines which will be
discussed here.
®
The comonomer used to synthesize the KYNAR FLEX grades is hexafluoro-propene (HFP) which is
a completely fluorinated molecule. Thus, the major factor responsible for the outstanding chemical
®
resistance of KYNAR PVDF is not changed by the incorporation of a comonomer.
The main change induced by the incorporation of the HFP comonomer is a reduction in cristallinity of the
originally highly crystalline PVDF material. The reduced cristallinity directly results in a decrease of the
moduli and hence in a reduced mechanical strength at higher temperatures. Also the reduced cristallinity
results in an enhancement of permeation rates which in turn leads to a further decrease in mechanical
strength at higher temperatures.
As a conclusion we can state that the chemical resistance to organic compounds such as hydrocarbons,
halogenated organics and oxygenated organic compounds is reduced in its maximum temperature limit in
comparison to PVDF homopolymers.
We have defined a temperature increment « ∆ T » which should be subtracted from the maximum use
temperature given for the PVDF homopolymer.
A comparative overview is given in the table below:
Property KYNAR
® KYNAR FLEX
®
KYNAR FLEX
®
KYNAR FLEX
®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800

1000 HD and 740
Melting Temperature (°C) 170 163 - 166 155 - 160 141 - 145
FLEX ural Modulus (MPa) 1800 659 1100 700
Vicat Softening Point (B50) 140 70 90 70
ISO 306 (°C)
Heat Deflection Temperature 118 40 - 50 55 40 - 50
ISO 75 (°C)
Tensile stress at yield 49 - 52 27 - 29 32 - 39 23 - 27
(MPa)
Elongation at yield (%) 10 12 10 - 12 10 - 12
∆ T (°C) 15 20 35
There is an important exception to the logic defined above. In the case where the attack of PVDF by the
®
chemical occurs on the surface and/or by stress cracking the resistance of KYNAR FLEX can be
considerably higher than the PVDF homopolymer. The main reason for this advantage is the reduced
amount of stress build-up due to the lower modulus of the copolymers.

28
The following list gives an idea of the comparative chemical resistance in conditions where the
performance of the PVDF homopolymer is reduced due to stress cracking.
Ø Chlorine gas without UV 80°C 15 days
® ® ® ®
KYNAR KYNAR FLEX KYNAR FLEX KYNAR FLEX
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
resistance - + + +
Ø Chlorine gas under UV 80°C 15 days
® ® ® KYNAR FLEX
®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
resistance -- 0 0 0
With applied stress no material resists, but on unbent samples the following order in resistance has
been established:
® ® ® ®
KYNAR FLEX 2800 = KYNAR FLEX 3120-50 > KYNAR FLEX 2850 >> KYNAR 1000 HD
Ø Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 99.2% 50°C 3 months
® ® ® ®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
resistance - + + +
Ø Hydrogen peroxide (H202) 70% 50°C 3 months
® ® ® ®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
resistance - 0 +
Ø Sodium Hydroxide 20 % and Sodium hypochlorite “50°” – active chlorine 15,7%

4 months
® ® ® ®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
resistance - + +/0 +

29
The following list gives an idea of the comparative chemical resistance in conditions where the
performance of the PVDF homopolymer is reduced due to stress cracking.
Ø Sodium Hypochlorite - “107°” or “active chlorine 33,9% - pH = 13

23°C 4 months
® ® ® KYNAR FLEX
®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
resistance 0 + + +
Ø Sodium Hypochlorite – “56°” or active chlorine 17,8% - pH = 12,5

23°C 6 months
® ® ® KYNAR FLEX
®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
resistance +/0 + + +
Ø Sodium Chlorate (600g/l) 78°C 5 months
® ® ® KYNAR FLEX
®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
resistance 0 +/0 +/0 +
Ø Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 90°C 3 months
® ® ® KYNAR FLEX
®
homopolymer 3120-50 2850 2800
pH 13 0/- + + +
pH 14 - +/0 +/0 +
10 % - +/0 +/0 +
20 % - 0/- 0 +
Comments:
In alkaline solutions the surface will often be colored after a short period of time depending on concentration
and temperature.
This coloration is due to a limited surface attack. It is less strongly pronounced with the FLEX grades.

30
11 - Permeability properties of KYNAR® PVDF
The permeability of gases and liquids is an important design factor for thermoplastics in chemical process
applications. KYNAR® PVDF has outstanding barrier properties to a large variety of chemicals.
In the case of permeation of a gas permeability is proportional to the gas pressure and inverse proportional
to the polymer layer thickness :
Gas permeation :
m ⋅L
P=
A ⋅∆p ⋅t
In the case of liquids no pressure dependence exists, but there might be a dependence of concentration in
the case of mixtures or solutions. In many cases the pure liquid permeability gives a good indication.
Luid permeation :
m ⋅L
P=
A ⋅t
P: permeation m: amount of permeant L: layer thickness
A: exposed surface for permeation t: time
Permeation through thermoplastics is temperature dependent and can be approximated by an Arrhenius

equation.
 − EA 
P(τ0 )= P(τ1 )⋅exp  
R ⋅(τ1 − τ0 )
P(τ0) : permeability at temperature 0 P(τ1) : permeability at temperature 1
E A : activation energy R: universal gas constant
Ideally, permeation is inverse proportional to the sheet thickness. In some cases different types of
cristallinity or surface quality can change the permeability value to a slight extent. These parameters may
depend on the manufacturing of the sheet, pipe or film.
Some solvents which have a strong swelling effect will also effect the layer thickness dependence of the
permeation.

31
Water permeation – KYNAR® 1000HD PVDF homopolymer

The symbols correspond to measured points. Thin samples are extruded films. Thicker samples are
measured on extruded pipes.
1000
100
10
Permeability (g/(day.m^2)
1 50°C
20°C
80°C
0,1
0,01
0,01 0,1 1 10
Thickness (mm)

32
Water permeation – different KYNAR® grades and temperature dependence
100,000
10,000
Permeability (g.mm/(day.m^2)
KYNAR 740
KYNAR 720
KYNAR 460
KYNAR FLEX 2850
KYNAR FLEX 2800
1,000
Série6
KYNAR 720
KYNAR 740
KYNAR 460
KYNAR FLEX 2850
KYNAR FLEX 2800
100°C 80°C 60°C 40°C 20°C

0,100
1 / temperature (K)

33
Permeation data of KYNAR® PVDF homopolymer grades for gases

Measurements according to ASTM D 1434 on extruded films
10000
1000
permeability (cm^3.mm/m^2.day.bar)
100
O2
N2
He
CO2
Cl2
10
H2S
SO2
HCl
NH3
NO2
CH4
1
140°C 120°C 100°C 80°C 60°C 40°C 20°C

0,1
0,0024 0,0026 0,0028 0,003 0,0032 0,0034 0,0036
1 / temperature (K)

34
Permeation data of KYNAR® PVDF homopolymer grades for organic solvents

Measurements by weight loss method on extruded films of approx 1 mm thickness
100
chloroforme
methanol
10
toluene
dichloroethane
permeability (g.mm / m^2.day)
perchlorethylene
0,1
hexane
ethanol
0,01
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Temp (°C)

35
Tables with data on swelling and weight gain of KYNAR® PVDF homopolymer and KYNAR
FLEX® copolymer grades
Measurements on immersed samples of extruded sheet.
Weight gain expressed in percent.
23°C 75°C 90°C

Kynar® Kynar® Kynar® Kynar® Kynar®
740 Flex 2850 Flex 2800 Flex 2850 740
HCl 37% 0 0 0 0,14
H2 SO4 96% 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,19
HF 100% 0,3 0,32 0,28 0
Cl2 gas (4 bar) 0,32
water 0,01 0,01 0,01
toluene 0,2 1,8 2,4 4,1

cyclohexane 0 0,03 0,04 0,54
2-butanone 9,2 14 X
MTBE 0,65 0,9 6,3
methanol 0,03 0,06 0,08 2,9
X signifies dissolution

36
12 - Comparison of chemical resistance of KYNAR® PVDF
with others thermoplastic materials used in the chemical process industry
halogenated solvents
5
strong oxidants 4 esters, ketones
3
2 PVDF
1 PVC
halogens aromatic solvents
0 HDPE
PP
PES-GF
strong acids aliphatic solvents
strong bases weak bases
5 : excellent resistance 4 : fair resistance 3 : limited resistance 2 : low resistance

1 : no resistance comparison for 90°C
Ø Comparative pressure resistance based on long term creep (25 years)
12
PVC-U
10
PP
Nominal Pressure (bar)
PVDF
8
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Temperature (°C)
Wall thicknesses are not the same for a standard 10 bar nominal pressure piping system.
As an example for a 63-mm diameter pipe wall thickness would be:
PVC-U 3,0 mm PP 5,8 mm PVDF 2,5 mm.
37
KYNAR
Ø For questions regarding availability and prices please contact :
ATOFINA S.A.
Technical Polymers Division
4/8 cours Michelet
92800 Puteaux, France
Tel. +33 149008080 Fax. +33 149008044
Ø Adresses of regional sales offices:
ATOFINA NORDEN ATOFINA UK Ltd. ATOFINA NORDEN

(Danmark) Colthrop Way - Thatcham (Suede)
Herlev Hovegarde 195 Newbury - Berkshire Sveagarten 65 B
2730 Herlev RG 13 4 LW 57339 Tranas
Tel : 44 503 939 Tel : (01635) 87 0000 Tel : 14014755
Fax : 44 503 940 Fax : (01635) 86 1212 Fax : 14019950
ATOFINA NEDERLAND BV ATOFINA KIMYA SAN

Otto Heldringstraat 41 Ihlamur
1066 XT Amsterdam Yildiz Cad. Kessaf Sok n° 4
Tel : (20) 614 25 11 Besiktas 80700
Fax : (20) 669 2231 Istanbul
Tel : (212) 227 6384
Fax : (212) 227 6386
ATOFINA DEUTSCHLAND GmbH ELF ATOCHEM BELGIUM S.A. - N.V.

Tersteegenstr. 28, Postfach 300152 Rue de Stalle 63 - Bte 1
40474 Düsseldorf 1180 Bruxelles
Tel : (0211) 4552 00 Tel : (2) 370 20 32
Fax : (0211) 4552 112 Fax : (2) 332 12 84
ATOFINA ÖSTERREICH ATOFINA SCHWEIZ AG

Handelsges. m. b. H. Luegisland 2/4
Karlsplatz 1 / Steige 1 / Büro n°8 8143 Stallikon
A 1010 Wien Tel : (1) 701 8121
Tel : (1) 503 5055 Fax : (1) 700 3921
Fax : (1) 503 505520
ATOFINA ITALIA SRL ATOFINA PORTUGAL LDA ATOFINA ESPANA SA

Degli Artigianelli 10 Rua Artilharia UM 63 Poligon Industrial Pratenc
20159 Milano 4’ Dto Lisboa Calle 100s/n Acesso A
Tel : (02) 668 111 Tel : 113 806 004 08820 - El Prat De Llobregat
Fax : (02) 668 03 607 Fax : 113 862 281 Barcelone
Tel : (3) 403 9500
Fax : (3) 337 94307
ATOFINA S.A. - Société Anonyme au capital de 2 953 089 200 F - RCS Nanterre B 319 632 790
4, cours Michelet - La Défense 10 - Cedex 42 - 92091 Paris La Défense (France) - Tél. 149 00 80 80 - Téléfax 149 00 83 96

38

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CERDATO/DDA/13/11/01

2. Resistance criteria – Standards 4 to 5

3. KYNAR® - General resistance table 6 to 13

4. KYNAR® - Long term ageing and stress resistance behaviour 14 to 17

5. SOLVENTS for KYNAR® PVDF 18

6. Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to BASES and ALKALIS 19 to 21

7. Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to CHLORINE 22 to 23

8. Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to SULFURIC ACID 24 to 25

9. Resistance of KYNAR® PVDF to BROMINE 26 to 27

10. Chemical resistance of KYNAR FLEX® PVDF copolymers 28 to 30

11. Permeability properties of KYNAR® PVDF 31 to 36

12. Comparison of chemical resistance of KYNAR® PVDF with other

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar® 2

KYNAR® polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the homopolymer of 1,1-difluoroethylene, is a tough

Ø KYNAR® resists well :

The tests have been undertaken as follows:

Ø The judgement on chemical resistance is based on the standard ISO 4433.

+ « resistant » or 0 « partial or limited - « not resistant or not

- 2 % ≤∆ m ≤+ 10 % and ∆ m > 10 % or ∆ m < -2 %

Q = σS2 / σS1 index 1 = reference sample index 2 = aged sample

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar® 4

Ø Classification based on the factor Q

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar® 5

General chemical resistance table

Use of the table :

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar® 6

Ø Mineral Acids Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Ø Mixtures of Mineral Conc. 25°C 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Ø Mineral Bases Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Ø Mineral salts Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Ø Elements Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar® 8

Ø Organic acids Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar® 9

Ø Aldehydes, Ketones Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

Ø Amines Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Ø Esters Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Ø Ether oxydes Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Ø Chlorinated Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

Ø Other halogenated Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

Ø Miscellaneous Conc. 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

Long term ageing and

3 categories are thus established:

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

Reactant Temp. Exposure under no

* please also refer to chapter 9

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

Reactant Temp. Exposure under no

Ø Bases *please refer also to chapter 6

Ø Halogens and inorganic halogenated

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

Reactant Temp. (°C) Exposure under no

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

Boiling point (°C) Flash point (°C)

Boiling point (°C) Flash point (°C)

Boiling point (°C) Flash point (°C)

q Molecular mechanism of the base attack:

Ø Sodium hydroxide 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° Comments

BDI MW 005680/01 -hemical resistance tables of Kynar®

Ø Amines Formula 25° 50° 75° 100° 125° 150°