Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.: Basic Education Department

Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur, 8300

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Email Address: shs _stc@yahoo.com
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DECISION MAKING OF GRADE 10 STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

THEIR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TRACK
____________________________________________________
A Research
Presented to
Saint Theresa College of Tandag,Inc.
____________________________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirement for the Course
Practical Research 2
____________________________________________________
Researchers:
Rapal, Khezar Jhon C.
Salinas, Shaina Rose C.
Sanchez, Rezyl B.
Sumaoy, Carla M.
Tajonera, Eliza Faith M.
Ursos, Dicken
Research Adviser:
Ms. Jane Marie L. Mercado

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Background of the Study
One of the most difficult decisions students had to make
about their education was selecting a vocation that would
determine their future professional path (Ouano et al., 2019). A
research of Skeffington and Rea's (2017) people's job decisions
and the impact of poverty In the United Kingdom (UK), revealed
that kids those who grew up in less affluent environments are
more likely to select occupations that satisfy their personal
aspirations and financial stability. Financially pressed people
often accept low paying jobs than pursuing more expensive higher
education. This inclination seems to be strengthened by the
stigma attached to those from lower socioeconomic classes and how
they present themselves to others (Sheeny- Skeffington and Rea
(2017). In career selection, students have to undergo an
intricate process, where they should consider factors that would
affect their overall decision such as the socio demographic
profile, socio-economic status, parents, job opportunities,
academic performance, personal interest, and many other aspects
to forcefully be open-minded of the things they will encounter in
the not too distant future (Moneva & Malbas, 2019; Santric-
Milicevic et al., 2014). In the study of Foster (2013), a shift
in specialization is linked to traits including extra version,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
conscientiousness, emotional stability, optimism, sense of
identity, and work motivation in addition to professional
decisiveness. The strategy for providing one such factor is
student willingness. In terms of character traits, students who
lack confidence in themselves in the classroom tend to be less
driven and put in less effort while modifying their goals.
Experiences in a student's life shape their level of confidence,
and an individual's expectations of earning well are related to
their level of overconfidence. A shift in specialization is
associated with qualities such as conscientiousness, extra
version, emotional stability, optimism, sense of identity, and
job motivation and career decidedness (Foster, 2013). Kusumawati
(2013) observed that the pupils put in a great deal of their
socioeconomic situation into account. Because of this, students'
decisions about their education may suffer if they are unable to
pay their costs. If they are conscious of the fact that their
family cannot afford to pay for the course they wish to pursue,
they rather likely to enroll in a course in which they have no
personal interest inadequate means. Less employment opportunities
could also result from resource constraints.
In the study of Dublin ,et.al(2020), choosing a Senior High
School track is one of the hardest decisions a junior high
school student can make. Secondary school graduates often lack a
clear career path and strand for senior high, leading to

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
uncertain decisions about their future career paths (Ramirez
&Dizon, 2014). Ahmed et. al. (2017) found that students' career
choice was only slightly influenced by potential employment
prospects in the future. One of the criteria considered is
academic performance major when deciding on a professional route.
During the investigation of students have demonstrated the
capacity, according to Fizer (2013) to compete successfully in
the field, as seen by their strong grades attained in high
school. In the study of Sugano & Mamolo, (2021) Academic
Performance across grades is said to be important in terms of
data basis in determining the professional strength of each
student because this information gives the students, teachers,
and parents the idea of where the students perform above and
average levels in various areas to help them choose the right
career track suitable for them. This means that the student-
respondents are most likely to pursue a strand they think they
can excel academically, rather than the strand they think they
are not good at
or not suited to their academic performance.
Understanding the factors that impact students' career
decisions is crucial for effective career planning. Researchers
have found that certain characteristics can predict career
choices, and have developed a decision-making tool based on this
insight. Poor course choices resulting from insufficient guidance

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and students' lack of knowledge about their strengths and
interests can lead to higher rates of underemployment and
unemployment. (Nazareno et al., 2019; Gestiada et al., 2017;
Manapsal, 2018). As a result, it is imperative that students make
the right choice because failing to do so could have detrimental
effects on their future. At this point, teenagers want assistance
in making the best decision regarding their intended career. When
making decisions, they will take into account their inherent
abilities, the educational opportunities afforded to them as
students, and other resources provided by society to enable them
to function more effectively and efficiently (DepEd, 2017).
There has been studies on the different factors that
individually relates to choosing their track but no study locally
were published about all factors towards the decision making.
This study investigates the factors that influence the Grade 10
Students of Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.in the decision-
making when selecting their Senior High School Track.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In order to conduct the investigation, the following theories
are briefly explored.
According to Holland's Theory of Career Choice, which was
covered by Nauta (2010), people can grow and function most
effectively—as well as find job satisfaction—in workplaces that
complement their personalities. People often choose careers that

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
reflect their personalities. According to Holland, job
satisfaction increases with the degree to which personality and
job fit. Holland's theory emphasizes the accuracy of self-
knowledge and career information required for career decision
making. This theory is important to the study because it helps
student respondents choose the right strand and track that best
suits their interests and personalities.
According to the Happenstance Learning Theory, which
Krumboltz (2009) highlights, people make career decisions based
on the knowledge they have acquired. A few actions are
encouraged, rewarded, and modeled. It highlights the significance
of early experiences in determining one's level of satisfaction
in a chosen field. Therefore, the satisfaction and frustration of
early childhood would have a significant impact on an
individual's structure. Individuals choose their specialization
based on their personalities and backgrounds. Selecting a
specialization is an expression of one's personality in the
workplace, followed by identification with a particular
occupational stereotype. This method may also help to explain why
some students decide to specialize in a particular strand. These
have a big impact on how the students approach their careers.
According to Lancaster (2017), Krumblotz's Learning Theory of
Career Counseling (LTCC) explains that an individual's current

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
occupational situation is determined by an infinite number of
accumulated learning experiences. Experiences that are personally
enjoyable are what spark interest. All beliefs are reexamined as
a result of the development and modification of new beliefs in
response to new information. Additionally, values evolve with
experience and increased understanding. Four components play a
role in the career development process. A person's career
opportunities may be limited by their genetic endowment and
special abilities, which can include inherited physical, mental,
or special abilities. The effects of the environment on skill
development, activities, and career preferences are the next
topic. Subsequently, experiences that involve learning occur when
one observes the immediate outcomes of one's actions and the
responses of others. The last type of skills are task approach
skills, which are acquired through experience. In relation to the
current study, the aforementioned factors play a crucial role
because they may be the motives behind the influence in selecting
the preferred track and strand, such as opportunities, abilities,
environmental influences, and learning experiences that will pave
the way for their future success. These are frequently modified
as a result of both desirable and undesirable experiences.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1 displays a student profile. Of particular importance
is the student's name, but other factors to consider include
their parent’s occupation, which have an impact on the courses
they choose to take in college. Because if students decide to
follow a particular path, say they want to become doctors, the
STEM strand is the best choice for them because it incorporates
science and will give them a significant advantage when it comes
to enrolling in medical school.
The figure 2 demonstrates how to determine each student's
preference. To find out, a survey will be required. Every student
must go through a short procedure to determine what they want to
be, and it's extremely intriguing because it provides a lot of
information.
The survey's findings are depicted in figure 3. The benefits
of their will be for both the researcher and the respondents. The
researcher will be able to clearly understand which track will be
preferred. The responses will also be given clarification
regarding their future plans they will be chosen.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Grade 10 Student’s
Profile:
Monthly Family Income:
An strategic
elements affecting the intervention such as
student's preferred career guidance
tracks: campaigns and
awareness that gives
the student an idea
Factors: or guide in their
track preference in
a. Personal Interest Senior High School.
b. Family Influence
c. Peer Influence
d. Job Opportunities
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

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Statement of the Problem
This study tries to pinpoint the variables influencing the
track preferences of Saint Theresa College of Tandag in Grade 10
Students.
It specifically aims to respond to the following queries:
1.What are the characteristics of the students in grade 10 in
terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Monthly Family Income
2.) What Senior High School tracks do the respondents prefer?
3.)What factors influence the desired tracks of the respondents?
3.1 Personal Interest 3.3 Peer Influence
3.2 Family Influence 3.4 Job opportunities
4.) Does the respondent’s profile significantly affect the Senior
High School tracks that they choose?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hypothesis
The choice of a senior high school track is greatly affected
by factors like, personal interest, Family influence, Peer
influence, Job opportunities and financial condition for
students’ in grade 10.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focused on the selected incoming senior high
school students of Saint Theresa College of Tandag,Inc. in
choosing a strand. The respondents of the study were composed of
100 randomly selected grade 10 students which comprise 25% of the
population. The results of this study is applicable to all
respondents especially to those incoming senior high school
students who is confused in choosing a strand. This forms the
scope and limitations of a study helps to contextualize the
research for the reader so they can better anticipate the extent
of the details to come.

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Significance of the Study
This study aimed to elucidate the factors that influence
incoming senior high school students' decision to select a
strand.
Moreover, the findings of the research will be helpful to the
following.
Students. The research provided guidance for creating the the
appropriate career decision taking into account the various
aspects.
Teachers. The research was used as a source for
programs for teacher development in the future that will
help students become more college-ready. The study's conclusions
might make their jobs easier, more productively and effectively.
Parents. The research helps inform and direct their
children to select the appropriate path while taking into
examines the various elements that impact one's profession
decisions of choice.
Definition of Terms
The following terms used in the study are defined operationally.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Attitude. A settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or
something, typically one that is reflected in a person’s
behavior.
Attribute. A quality or feature regardless a characteristic or
inherent part of someone or something.
Career Choice. A field for a pursuit of consecutive progressive
achievement especially in public,professional, or business life.
Course. A number of lectures or other matter dealing with a
subject.
Decision. Conclusion or resolution reached after consideration.
Senior High School. Refers to the last two years of k-12 program
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter includes information related to the research
problem. The literature will taken from the books, magazines,
download materials from the internet and legal issuance to
conceptualize the insights indicated. The studies will taken
from the reviews and study of existing works.
The following literature and studies are the foreign and
local related studies with similarities which will guide and
strengthen this research paper. They will serve as the
researchers’ clue to proceed to creating this paper and will
provide ideas for a sustained effectiveness of research.
RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign
According to Staunton (as cited in Rafanan & De Guzman,
2020), Higher career well-being, success and job happiness,
excellent grades, and on-time graduation are all outcomes of
matching a student's personality to the right educational or
career path. Choosing a career or track to pursue in senior high
school requires careful consideration for junior high school
students. A lot of students don't think their secondary school
career is relevant to the field they may specialize in later on

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
in their higher education because they didn't give their career
decisions enough thought (Cabanias, 2021).
A person's career choice is one of the most significant
decisions they will ever make, according to Dye, C. (2018) in his
paper "Factors Affecting Career Choice." It has been observed by
researchers that candid self-reflection makes many of the
elements influencing profession choices readily evident. A smart
career decision can often be made by providing honest answers to
questions about your interests, potential occupations, desired
living situation, desired working environment, and preferred
method of employment. The majority of job decision-making is also
influenced by personal characteristics like aptitude, achievement
needs, attitudes, and self-expectations. Still, additional
elements like geography, financial status, and work-life balance
count. Geographical factors influence many jobs and might
influence career decisions in in several ways. For instance, the
majority of career pathways for a young professional pursuing a
managerial career in retail packaged food lead to Chicago, the
hub of the consumer packaged goods sector. Since most American
magazines are based in New York or Los Angeles, most career
pathways for aspiring magazine writers lead there. Some people
base their job decisions mostly on where they want to live, then
search for employment opportunities in that area.

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Conversely, the interest aspect of students is thought to be
the most important component when choosing a career major or
educational path because it reflects their interests or desires
(Giustinelli, 2016). Students' interests are important
considerations while choosing a career, according to Okwulehie
(2018) and Rababah (2016). Penedilla and Rosaldo's (2017) study,
which found that high school students' job and college degree
choices were influenced by their personal preferences, provided
support for this. Similar findings were made by Ahmed et al.
(2017), who discovered that while academic performance, financial
consequences, and future employment prospects have little bearing
on students' intentions to pursue a particular career, interest
in a course has a significantly positive relationship with career
planning.
Su, Chang, Wu, and Liao (2016) shown that students' choices
about their careers are most significantly impacted "School
factor" has the lowest weight, followed by "personal factor,"
"group factor," and "career exploration factor." Impacting their
level. Large-sized school pupils enrolled in courses on domestic
matters who will be readily impacted by the individual while
making job decisions.
Penedilla and Rosaldo (2017) found that while a senior high
school student's decision about a job and college major is

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
primarily a personal one, outside factors do play a role. A
number of elements, including social and economic conditions and
their academic qualifications, influence their decisions, whether
they are made voluntarily or under coercion. Consequently, kids
are inspired to choose.In order to address this fact, the
Department of Education thought that administering the National
Career Assessment Exam (NCAE) would help identify the right path
for each student.
Local
In the Philippines, students can select from a variety of
tracks in the Senior High School (SHS) program to help them get
ready for their future careers. For students in grade 10,
selecting the right SHS track is a crucial choice. An overview of
the literature on the subject is given in this section. Factors
that influence Philippine grade 10 students' preferences for SHS
tracks. Numerous factors that affect students' preferences for
SHS tracks have been identified by several studies. Lorenz et al.
(2020) discovered that students' preferred track was
significantly predicted by their academic standing, peer
pressure, parental guidance, and career goals. According to the
study, students who performed well academically tended to select
academic pathways, but those who performed poorly academically
TVL tracks that are preferred for performance.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Numerous studies have also emphasized how important parental
involvement is in determining a student's preference for a SHS
track. According to a study by Kilag and Sasan (2023), parents
were very important in determining their children's track
preference and career goals. According to the study, parents who
were more likely to affect their children's track preference if
they supported their preferred track, helped with schooling, and
offered guidance. Kilag et al.'s study from 2021 also indicated
that parents who supported their children chosen course, guided
them, and were interested in their education were more probably
going to affect their kids' preferred track. According to the
study, parents with greater levels of education were also more
likely to have an impact on their children track preferences.
Providing high-quality basic education opportunities for all
students, raising the standard of the educational process and the
senior high school to college transition, and enhancing the
integration of the entire educational system are some of the
primary challenges facing K–12 in the Philippines.In the
Philippines, senior high school education has a significant
influence on the growth of the nation. The government made
educational investments in the hopes of preparing pupils for a
global economy. Students need to be enthusiastic to decide what
job route they will choose in the near future in order to become
globally competitive. Their ability to flourish both personally

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
and professionally can be aided by having a well-planned and
coordinated life and career goals (Manapsal 2017).
Related Studies
Foreign
A study conducted by Ching, C. W., et., al., (2016) entitled
“Factors Affecting the Students Career Decision-Making of Junior
High School Students in Central Taiwan Area” showed that students
with middle-level education degree parents take their parents
educational expectation and attitude in consideration when
deciding what track to choose . It is also stated in the study
that students with parents that have middle to high educational
degree is more affected by these family factors that students
with parents that have a low educational degree.
This implies that students consider their parents
educational attainment in their career decision-making. This
shows that the parents educational degree plays a role in the
track preference of the students. Students with parents footsteps
and pick the same line of career. On the other hand, students
with parents that have a low educational degree may choose tracks
that will lead to quick but high-paying jobs.
From the findings of the study entitled “ Parental Factors
Influencing Career Choice among High School Students in Nairobi
County”, it can be concluded that parental factors influence the

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
career choice of students in Nairobi County. Results from the
study indicate that a high parental educational level has a
influence on the career choice of students. In this respect, it
is concluded that the mother’s level of education influenced the
students in Nairobi County would choose careers that are
different from those of their parents, siblings, and close
relatives. It can further be concluded that the father’s
occupation had a more significant influence on the students
career choice than that of the mother. It was also established
that parental values and expectations played a major role in
shaping the students careers. In this respect it can be concluded
that parental values and expectations have a significant
relationship with the career choice of students. (Alphonse,M.
M.,2016)
Local
According to a recent research, peer mentors play an
important role in the socialization process, and they exert
pressure on the trajectory of an individual has been widely
recognized. It helps young people develop their employment
possibilities and make decisions (2017, Victorina). In the
Philippines, adolescents usually lack the capacity to form their
own opinions. Educators, parents, friends, and It is customary to
ask classmates for advice (Manapsal, 2018).

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In a similar vein, Dagang and de Mesa (2017) discovered the
outcomes that indicate the significant role of parents regarding
their kids' post secondary school preference. The consciousness
of the Filipino people is strongly ingrained with it. Respect for
elders, which is why parents have a big say in what their
children decide. In a Filipino household, the kids are
financially dependent on their parents, which explains why they
yield to their parents' judgement. Modest impact from other
people, including friends, family, and peers. Affordability of
was another factor, tuition and then a scholarship.Making
professional decisions requires creativity, trial and error,
decision-making, and smart judgment. It is essential to have
prior knowledge about a certain career in order to spark and
nurture an interest in it. Passion is a strong pull on self-
defining activities that are essential to one's soul, heart, and
strength. When a person chooses his courses based on the right
career for his talent, personality, background, and intelligence,
he will succeed in his career the most. Rather than considering
the requirements of the job market, many students base their
decisions on personal preferences. The results show that
enthusiasm is necessary to comprehend entrepreneurship and its
processes (Magdadaro, 2020).

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Insight Gained
Academic performance, peer influence, parental guidance, and
career aspirations were significant predictors of students' track
preference. The study found that students with high academic
performance tended to choose academic tracks, while those with
lower academic performance preferred TVL tracks.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, research
respondents, sampling techniques, research locale, research data.
Research Design
The purpose of this study was to discover the factors that
affecting Grade 10 student’s choices of Senior High School Track.
The researcher employed the descriptive research design to
investigate the research and generates a new understanding of the
data collected. To study the research objectives, the researcher
employed a descriptive research strategy to generate a fresh
understanding of the data obtained. The study is descriptive, as
it aims to determine if there is an effect of the decision-making
of Junior High School (JHS) on what strand should be chosen.
Research Respondents
This study focused on the grade 10 students of their
decision on what strand they will choose. The population of this
research were grade 10 students, both male and female adolescents
aged 15-17 years old, enrolled in the school year 2022-2023.
Sampling Technique
The total number of participants was obtained using the
stratified random sampling . From the entire population of grade
10 students we will likely collect data of 75 students. The

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
selection we will make is by listing the total number of grade 10
students in Saint Theresa College of Tandag INC.
The study we will conduct among the selected Senior High
School Students of Saint Theresa College of Tandag Inc., located
at corner of Magsaysay and Quezon Street Dagocdoc, Tandag
City.The researchers will get the valid result of the respondent
through stratified random sampling. Stratified sampling is a type
of method in which the total population is divided into smaller
groups or strata to complete the sampling process.
Research Locale
This study will conducted in Junior High School Department
of Saint Theresa College of Tandag Inc,. Located at corner of
Magsaysay and Quezon Street Dagocdoc , Tandag City. The study
aligned its objectives to the Grade 10 Theresians goals which
are: to choose their strand properly; to be sure of their choice
of course when they inter to college; to become more enjoyable
since the strands are designed and specialized to match your
interest; to determine which paths fit your strengths, passions,
and skills; to expands your knowledge and skills, while at the
same time, exposing you to your chosen field of study in
preparation for college.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Research Instrument
Items on a rating scale made up the survey questioner. The
inquiry centered on the variables that might influence a
student’s Senior High School strand choice. The questionnaire was
divided into three parts. Part one assess the students basic
information, where their sex and parents occupation will ask.
The second part determine the student current response variable
which is collecting survey data and then, In part three they
assess the intervention the act of interfering with the outcome.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher designed a questionnaire before obtaining
data. The surveying technique begins when the letter, also known
as informed consent, is created.
The survey is sent to the students when it has been approved, and
the respondents have the option to respond as they wait to pick
up the surveys the following day. After retrieval, the
questionnaires were evaluated by the researchers, who were able
to ascertain which strand the grade 10 pupils at Saint Theresa
College of Tandag, Inc. had chosen.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data gathered were analyzed and interpreted using the
Slovins Formula,which will be used to answer the problems posed
in this study.
Formula:
mean
n=N/1+Ne²
Where:
n= number of samples needed
N=population size
e=margin of errors

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Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.

Tandag City, Surigao del Sur, 8300

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DECISION MAKING OF GRADE 10 STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

Saint Theresa College of Tandag,Inc.

Of the Requirement for the Course

Rapal, Khezar Jhon C.

Salinas, Shaina Rose C.

Tajonera, Eliza Faith M.

Ms. Jane Marie L. Mercado

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the Study

One of the most difficult decisions students had to make

about their education was selecting a vocation that would

determine their future professional path (Ouano et al., 2019). A

research of Skeffington and Rea's (2017) people's job decisions

and the impact of poverty In the United Kingdom (UK), revealed

that kids those who grew up in less affluent environments are

more likely to select occupations that satisfy their personal

aspirations and financial stability. Financially pressed people

education. This inclination seems to be strengthened by the

stigma attached to those from lower socioeconomic classes and how

they present themselves to others (Sheeny- Skeffington and Rea

(2017). In career selection, students have to undergo an

intricate process, where they should consider factors that would

affect their overall decision such as the socio demographic

profile, socio-economic status, parents, job opportunities,

academic performance, personal interest, and many other aspects

to forcefully be open-minded of the things they will encounter in

Milicevic et al., 2014). In the study of Foster (2013), a shift

in specialization is linked to traits including extra version,

identity, and work motivation in addition to professional

decisiveness. The strategy for providing one such factor is

student willingness. In terms of character traits, students who

lack confidence in themselves in the classroom tend to be less

driven and put in less effort while modifying their goals.

Experiences in a student's life shape their level of confidence,

and an individual's expectations of earning well are related to

their level of overconfidence. A shift in specialization is

associated with qualities such as conscientiousness, extra

version, emotional stability, optimism, sense of identity, and

job motivation and career decidedness (Foster, 2013). Kusumawati

(2013) observed that the pupils put in a great deal of their

socioeconomic situation into account. Because of this, students'

decisions about their education may suffer if they are unable to

they rather likely to enroll in a course in which they have no

personal interest inadequate means. Less employment opportunities

could also result from resource constraints.

In the study of Dublin ,et.al(2020), choosing a Senior High

School track is one of the hardest decisions a junior high

school student can make. Secondary school graduates often lack a

clear career path and strand for senior high, leading to

choice was only slightly influenced by potential employment

prospects in the future. One of the criteria considered is

academic performance major when deciding on a professional route.

During the investigation of students have demonstrated the

capacity, according to Fizer (2013) to compete successfully in

the field, as seen by their strong grades attained in high

school. In the study of Sugano & Mamolo, (2021) Academic

Performance across grades is said to be important in terms of

data basis in determining the professional strength of each

student because this information gives the students, teachers,

average levels in various areas to help them choose the right

respondents are most likely to pursue a strand they think they