Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PDF Science 7q2mod6ecological Relationship v3
PDF Science 7q2mod6ecological Relationship v3
_OMFNOF
_foanh Wugrtfr ‟ Kahucf 9
Foacalmogc Pfcgtmansjmps
@arrawfh kgtfrmgcs (m.f., sanls, starmfs, pafks, pmoturfs, pjatas, `rgnh ngkfs,
trghfkgres, fto.) mnocuhfh mn tjms kahucf grf awnfh `y tjfmr rfspfotmvf oapyrmljt
jachfrs. Fvfry fiiart jgs `ffn fxfrtfh ta caogtf gnh sffe pfrkmssman ta usf tjfsf
kgtfrmgcs irak tjfmr rfspfotmvf oapyrmljt awnfrs. Xjf pu`cmsjfr gnh gutjars ha nat
rfprfsfnt nar ocgmk awnfrsjmp avfr tjfk.
Oa-Ojgmrpfrsans44
Oa-Ojgmrpfrsans Hr. Ymotar L. Hf Lrgomg Dr. OF_A Y
Gsst. Pflmangc
Pflmangc Hmrfotar
Kahucf 9 `rmnls yau ta tjf warch ai arlgnmsks gnh tjf mntfrgotmans `ftwffn gnh
gkanl tjfk gs tjfy sfgroj iar iaah, sjfctfr gnh pratfotman. Arlgnmsks mntfrgot wmtj
fgoj atjfr mn hmiifrfnt wgys. _akf mntfrgotmans grf `fnfimomgc, atjfrs grf jgrkiuc gnh
sakf kgy nat giifot atjfr arlgnmsks gt gcc.
Xjms kahucf wgs hfsmlnfh ta pravmhf yau wmtj iun gnh kfgnmnliuc appartunmtmfs
iar lumhfh gnh mnhfpfnhfnt cfgrnmnl gt yaur awn pgof gnh tmkf. ]au wmcc `f fng`cfh ta
praofss tjf oantfnts ai tjf cfgrnmnl rfsaurof wjmcf `fmnl gn gotmvf cfgrnfr.
\jgt M Nffh ta
ta E naw Xjms lmvfs yau gn mhfg ai tjf semccs ar
oakpftfnomfs yau grf fxpfotfh ta cfgrn mn tjf
kahucf.
\jgt”s Nfw
Mn tjms partman, tjf nfw cfssan wmcc `f mntrahuofh
ta yau mn vgrmaus wgys suoj gs g stary, g sanl,
g pafk, g pra`cfk apfnfr, gn gotmvmty ar g
smtugtman.
mv
unhfrstgnh nfw oanofpts gnh semccs.
\jgt”s Karf
Xjms oakprmsfs gotmvmtmfs iar mnhfpfnhfnt
prgotmof ta sacmhmiy yaur unhfrstgnhmnl gnh semccs
ai tjf tapmo. ]au kgy ojfoe tjf gnswfrs ta tjf
fxfromsfs usmnl tjf Gnswfr Efy gt tjf fnh ai
tjf kahucf.
\jgt
\j gt M Jgvf Cfgrnfh
C fgrnfh Xjms mnocuhfs qufstmans ar `cgne
sfntfnof/pgrglrgpj
sfntfnof/pgrglrg pj ta `f imccfh mn ta praofss
wjgt yau cfgrnfh irak tjf cfssan.
G hhm
hhmtman
tman gc G o tmv
tmvmtm
mtmfs
fs Mn tjms partman, gnatjfr gotmvmty wmcc `f lmvfn ta
yau ta fnrmoj yaur enawcfhlf ar semcc ai tjf
cfssan cfgrnfh. Xjms gcsa tfnhs rftfntman ai
cfgrnfh oanofpts.
Gt tjf fnh
fnh ai tjms
tjms kahucf yau
yau wmcc gcsa imnh4
v
7. Vsf tjf kahucf wmtj ogrf. Ha nat put unnfofssgry kgre/s an gny pgrt ai tjf
kahucf. Vsf yaur _omfnof gotmvmty natf`aae mn gnswfrmnl tjf fxfromsfs.
0. Han”t iarlft ta gnswfr \jgt M Enaw `fiarf kavmnl an ta tjf atjfr gotmvmtmfs
mnocuhfh mn tjf kahucf.
?. Pfgh tjf mnstruotman ogrfiuccy `fiarf hamnl fgoj tgse.
8. A`sfrvf janfsty gnh mntflrmty mn hamnl tjf tgses gnh ojfoemnl yaur gnswfrs.
6. Imnmsj tjf tgse gt jgnh `fiarf praoffhmnl ta tjf nfxt.
9. Pfturn tjms kahucf ta yaur tfgojfr/igomcmtgtar anof yau grf tjraulj wmtj mt.
Mi yau fnoauntfr gny hmiimoucty mn gnswfrmnl tjf tgses mn tjms kahucf, ha nat jfsmtgtf
ta oansuct yaur tfgojfr ar igomcmtgtar. Gcwgys `fgr mn kmnh
k mnh tjgt yau grf nat gcanf.
\f japf tjgt tjraulj tjms kgtfrmgc, yau wmcc fxpfrmfnof kfgnmnliuc cfgrnmnl gnh lgmn
hffp unhfrstgnhmnl ai tjf rfcfvgnt oakpftfnomfs. ]au ogn ha mt!
Xg`cf ai Oantfnts
vm
\jgt M Nffh ta Enaw ---------------- 7
\jgt M Enaw ---------------- 0
vmm
Cfssan 6- Oakpftmtman ---------------- 0?
\jgt”s Mn ---------------- 0?
\jgt”s Nfw ---------------- 08
\jgt ms Mt ---------------- 06
\jgt”s Karf ---------------- 09
vmmm
\jgt M Nffh ta Enaw
Cfssan 7 - Kutugcmsk
Cfssan 0 - Oakkfnsgcmsk
Cfssan ? - Rgrgsmtmsk
Cfssan 8 - Rrfhgtman
Cfssan 6 - Oakpftmtman
Gitfr lamnl
lamnl tjraulj tjms kahucf, yau grf fxpfotfh
fxpfotfh ta hfsorm`f tjf hmiifrfnt
hmiifrfnt
foacalmogc rfcgtmansjmps iaunh mn gn foasystfk ( _<CX-MMj-72).
7
\jgt M Enaw
0
<. Rgrgsmtmsk ms g rfcgtmansjmp mn wjmoj QQQQQQQQ.
G. `atj arlgnmsks
arlgnmsks grf
grf jgrkfh.
jgrkfh.
@. `atj arlgnmsks grf `fnfimttfh.
O. anf arlgnmsk `fnfimts gnh tjf atjfr ms ungiifotfh.
H. anf arlgnmsk `fnfimts gt tjf fxpfnsf ai tjf atjfr arlgnmsk.
:. Xjfrf grf hmiifrfnt emnhs ai arlgnmsks cmvmnl mn g iarfst. Rcgnts tjgt lraw
an tjf iarfst icaar ha nat lft gs kuoj suncmljt gs tjasf ai tjf tgccfr trffs.
\jgt rfcgtmansjmp fxmsts gkanl tjfsf pcgnts1
G. Oakkfnsgcmsk
Oakkfnsgcmsk O. Kutugcmsk
Kutugcmsk
@. Oakpftmtman H. Rgrgsmtmsk
=. Cgota`gomccus `gotfrmg grf pra`matmos tjgt cmvf mnsmhf tjf `ahy ai kgn.
Xjfsf `gotfrmg jfcp gmh mn hmlfstman gnh prakatf laah jfgctj. \jmoj ai
tjf iaccawmnl rfcgtmansjmps fxmsts `ftwffn kgn gnh cgota`gomccus `gotfrmg1
G. Oakpftmtman
Oakpftmtman O. Rgrgsmtmsk
Rgrgsmtmsk
@. Kutugcmsk H. Rrfhgtman
72. Mn g prfhgtar-prfy rfcgtmansjmp, tjf prfhgtar fgts tjf prfy. \jmoj ai tjf
iaccawmnl arlgnmsks ms g prfhgtar1
G. Fgrtjwark
Fgrtjwark O. Cmzgrh
Cmzgrh
@. Lrgss O. Kasqumta
77. Xjf foacalmogc rfcgtmansjmp ai g sfg gnfkanf gnh ocawn imsj ms tjf sgkf
emnh ai rfcgtmansjmp gs tjgt ai QQQQQQQQQQQ.
G. tjf cmof gnh g ojmch
ojmch O. tjf pmls
pmls mn tjf
tjf pmlpfn
@. g cmzgrh gnh gn mnsfot H. g `ff gnh g icawfr
70. \jmoj ai tjf iaccawmnl mntfrgotmans fxjm`mts oakkfnsgcmsk1
G. Kgn gnh
gnh imsj O. Ogrg`ga
Ogrg`ga gnh oaw
oaw
@. _pmhfr gnh trff H. Gnts gnh gogomg trff
7?. Ogt fgtmnl rgt, `mrh fgtmnl wark gnh hal fgtmnl imsj grf fxgkpcfs ai
prfhgtar-prfy rfcgtmansjmp. \jmoj ai tjf iaccawmnl ms tjf oakpcftf sft ai
prfhgtars1
G. Ogt, rgt, imsj
imsj O. Pgt, w
wark,
ark, imsj
?
78. @gotfrmg ogn `f `fnfimomgc ar jgrkiuc ta kgn. _akf `gotfrmg jfcp mn
hmlfstman atjfrs ogusf hmsfgsfs. \jgt emnh ai arlgnmsks grf tjasf
`gotfrmg tjgt ogusf hmsfgsfs1
G. Oakkfnsgc
Oakkfnsgc O. Rgrgsmtf
Rgrgsmtf
@. Jast H. Rrfhgtar
76. \jmoj ai tjf iaccawmnl rfcgtmansjmps hfsorm`f oakpftmtman1
G. _pmhfr
_pmhfr fgtmnl kasqumta
kasqumta
@. Cmans juntmnl gnh emccmnl g `uiigca
O. Xmoe gttgojmnl an tjf semn ai g hal
H. Gn arojmh cmvmnl an g trune ai g kgjalgny trff
8
Cfssan
Kutugcmsk
7
\jgt”s Mn
Hmrfotmans4 A`sfrvf yaur surraunhmnls. Mhfntmiy tjf `matmo gnh g`matmo igotars tjgt
yau ogn imnh. Oapy gnh oakpcftf tjf tg`cf `y (G) lmvmnl tjf ngkf ai tjf
foasystfk a`sfrvfh5 gnh mhfntmiy tjf (@) `matmo gnh (O) g`matmo oakpanfnts ai gn
foasystfk. \rmtf yaur gnswfrs mn yaur somfnof gotmvmty natf`aae.
Xg`cf 7.
Foasystfks @matmo Oakpanfnts G`matmo Oakpanfnts
Oakpanfnts
6
\jgt”s Nfw
Arlgnmsk @
(@ff)
9
Rgmr Arlgnmsks Mnvacvfh Hfsorm`f tjf Pfcgtmansjmp
Nuk`fr (G gnh @) (@fnfimts tjf arlgnmsks lft irak fgoj atjfr)
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
Arlgnmsk G
0 (Gpjmhs)
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
Arlgnmsk @
(Gnts)
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
Arlgnmsk G
(Imsj)
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
?
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
Arlgnmsk
(_fg @
Gnfkanf)
Mccustrgtmans `y Icfur If C. Kutmg, Kgtt Caumsf C . Kutmg gnh Nmeacgm Caumsf C. Kutmg
<
\jgt ms Mt
\jgt”s Karf
Gotmvmty ?. Imcc Kf
Hmrfotmans44 Hfsorm`f tjf mntfrgotmans ai tjf lmvfn fxgkpcfs cg`fccfh 7, 0, ? gnh 8
Hmrfotmans
gnh usf tjf iaccawmnl syk`acs4 + (`fnfimtfh)5 - (jgrkfh)5 gnh 2 (ungiifotfh) ta
hfsorm`f tjf fiifots ai tjf rfcgtmansjmp. \rmtf yaur gnswfrs mn yaur somfnof
:
Fxgkpcfs Hfsormptman ai tjf MNXFPGOXMAN_
Pfcgtmansjmp Arlgnmsk G Arlgnmsk @
JVKGN_ RCGNX_
QQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQ
0.
KGN @GOXFPMG
QQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQ
?.
Laah `gotfrmg
QQQQQQQ QQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQ
Mccustrgtmans `y Caumsf Rgucmnf C. Kutmg, Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg gnh Nmeacgm Caumsf C. Kutmg.
=
Cfssan
0 Oakkfnsgcmsk
\jgt”s Mn
QQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQ
72
\jgt”s Nfw
?. Ifrns grf
fpmpjytfs tjgt
lraw an tjf trune
ai Ngrrg trff iar
suppart `ut hafs
nat lft nutrmfnts
irak tjf trff.
Xjfy ha nat
giifot tjf trff gt
gcc.
Mccustrgtmans `y Caumsf Rgucmnf C. Kutmg, Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg gnh Nmeacgm Caumsf C. Kutmg.
77
\jgt ms Mt
Mccustrgtmans
Mccustrgtmans `y Icfur If C. Kutmg
\jgcf @grngocfs
70
\jgt”s Karf
7.
0.
?.
Mccustrgtmans `y Caumsf Rgucmnf C. Kutmg, Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg gnh Nmeacgm Caumsf C. Kutmg.
Laah ware!
7?
Cfssan
Rgrgsmtmsk
?
\jgt”s Mn
]au jgvf gcrfghy cfgrnfh mn yaur prfvmaus cfssans g`aut kutugcmsk gnh
oakkfnsgcmsk. Cft”s ha tjms gotmvmty.
Gotmvmty 7. Ky Foa-IPMFNH_!
Hmrfotmans4 Lmvf anf smtugtman fgoj iar kutugcmsk gnh oakkfnsgcmsk tjgt yau
jgvf fxpfrmfnofh wmtj yaur fnvmrankfnt. \rmtf yaur gnswfrs mn yaur somfnof
gotmvmty natf`aae.
_mtugtman4 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
_mtugtman4 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
78
\jgt”s Nfw
Hmrfotmans4 _tuhy tjf pmoturfs gnh gnswfr tjf qufstmans `fcaw. \rmt
\rmtff yaur
yaur
gnswfrs mn yaur _omfnof gotmvmty natf`aae.
76
\jgt ms Mt
Xjf pgrgsmtfs kgy cmvf mnsmhf tjf `ahy ai tjf jast dust cmef tjgt ai tjf
tgpfwarks mnsmhf tjf mntfstmnfs ai tjf oaw. Mt hfpfnhs upan tjf jast iar tjfmr
iaah gnh nutrmfnts.
_akf pgrgsmtfs cmvf autsmhf tjf `ahy ai tjf jast cmef tjgt ai tjf kasqumta.
Xjf kasqumta ms g pgrgsmtf tjgt cmvfs autsmhf tjf `ahy ai tjf jast. Mt suoes `caah
irak tjf semn ai kgn, wjmoj ms tjf jast.
Xjfrf grf sakf pgrgsmtfs tjgt ogn ogusf hmsfgsfs. @gotfrmg gnh tjf atjfr
kmorasoapmo arlgnmsks cmvf mnsmhf tjf `ahy ai tjf jast gnh ogusf hmsfgsfs cmef
hfnluf gnh pnfukanmg.
79
Gotmvmty ?. –Irmfnnfky‛ (Irmfnh-Fnfky)
Hmrfotmans4 Mhfntmiy tjf arlgnmsks mnvacvfh mn tjf rfcgtmansjmp gnh hfsorm`f
wjftjfr tjf arlgnmsk ms `fnfimtfh, jgrkfh ar ungiifotfh usmnl tjf syk`acs
`fcaw.
\rmtf + mi `fnfimtfh , - mi jgrkfh, A mi ungiifotfh.
(Natf4 Fxgkpcf 7 ms hanf iar yau.).
\rmtf yaur gnswfrs mn yaur _omfnof gotmvmty natf`aae.
_yk`acs ta mnhmogtf wjftjfr
tjf arlgnmsk ms `fnfimtfh,
Fxgkpcfs Rgrtmompgtmnl Arlgnmsks jgrkfh ar ungiifotfh
Arlgnmsk G Arlgnmsk @ Arlgnmsk G Arlgnmsk @
(Jast) (Rgrgsmtf) (Jast) (Rgrgsmtf)
7.Cmof gnh ojmch
OJMCH CMOF
-
+
Mccustrgtmans
Mccustrgtmans `y Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg gnh Nmeacgm C aumsf C. Kutmg.
Laah da`. Cft”s ojfoe wjgt yau jgvf cfgrnfh mn tjms gotmvmty.
7<
\jgt”s Karf
Hmrfotmans4 _fgroj iar gt cfgst 72 warhs tjgt grf gssaomgtfh wmtj pgrgsmtmsk
strgmljt, gorass, up gnh hawn ar hmglangccy. Oapy gnh gnswfr tjf puzzcf mn yaur
_omfnof gotmvmty natf`aae.
X @ I I C F F O J G
M I A C H K E C A K
O O H X F I D C _ N
E F R G P G _ M X F
F I T R M J L O _ A
@
A F
H N
_ F
\ IM M
P X
X F
F N
V G
J
H A K A _ W V M X A
R C G P X A _ A H K
J G P K F M C R L F
7. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 9. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
0. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ <. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
?. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ :. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
8. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ =. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
6. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 72. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
7:
Cfssan
Rrfhgtman
8
\jgt”s Mn
Hmrfotmans4 _tuhy tjf tg`cf `fcaw gnh imcc mn tjf oacukns wmtj tjf oarrfot
gnswfrs. \rmtf yaur gnswfrs mn yaur somfnof gotmvmty natf`aae.
Fiifots ai tjf
Pfcgtmansjmp
Fxgkpcfs Arlgnmsks mnvacvfh mn Xypf ai
tjf rfcgtmansjmp (`fnfimtfh, jgrkfh, Foacalmogc
ungiifotfh) Pfcgtmansjmp
Arlgnmsk Arlgnmsk Arlgnmsk Arlgnmsk
G @ G @
7.
7=
?.
Mccustrgtmans `y Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg gnh Nmeacgm Caumsf C. Kutmg.
\jgt”s Nfw
Hmrfotmans4 @fcaw ms g tg`cf sjawmnl hmiifrfnt arlgnmsks gnh tjfmr mntfrgotmans. Imcc mn
tjf tg`cf wmtj tjf oarrfot gnswfr. \rmtf yaur gnswfrs mn yaur somfnof gotmvmty natf`aae.
(Natf4 Cfttfr G ms hanf iar yau.)
\jgt \jmoj \jmoj ms \jgt jgppfnfh ta tjf
arlgnmsks grf ms tjf fgtfn1 arlgnmsk `fmnl fgtfn1
Arlgnmsks mnvacvfh1 fgtfr1
G.
Cmzgrh Xjf arlgnmsk `fmnl
Cmzgrh Mnsfot fgtfn ms jgrkfh. Mt
Mnsfot wmcc hmf.
@.
O.
H.
F.
02
Gotmvmty ghgptfh irak _omfnof < Cfgrnfr”s Kgtfrmgc.
Mccustrgtmans `y Caumsf Rgucmnf C. Kutmg, Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg gnh Nmeacgm Caumsf C. Kutmg
\jgt ms Mt
Gnatjfrr rfcgtmansjmp
Gnatjf rfcgtmansjmp tjgt fxmsts mn tjf foasystfk
foasystfk ms tjf iaah-lfttmnl
rfcgtmansjmp. Anf arlgnmsk ms `fnfimttfh wjmcf tjf atjfr anf ms emccfh gnh fgtfn `y
tjf atjfr arlgnmsk. Xjms rfcgtmansjmp ms ogccfh prfhgtman .
Gn gnmkgc tjgt
tjgt emccs gnh fgts ogccfh g prfhgtar . Gn gnmkgc
fgts atjfr gnmkgcs ms ogccfh
tjgt ms emccfh gnh fgtfn `y mts prfhgtar ms ogccfh g prfy . Rrfy gnmkgcs grf usugccy
skgccfr gnh cfss pawfriuc tjgn tjf prfhgtar tjgt fgts tjfk. Kanmtar cmzgrhs tjgt
fgt mnsfots grf prfhgtars5 tjf mnsfots grf tjfmr prfy.
Mn g lmvfn oakkunmty, prfhgtars oakpftf wmtj atjfr prfhgtars iar prfy
gnmkgcs. Mn tjf wmch, g prfhgtar”s prfy kgy `f gnatjfr prfy”s prfhgtar. Xjms
kfgns tjgt wjmcf gn gnmkgc junts gnh iffhs upan gnatjfr gnmkgc, mt ogn gcsa
`foakf prfy ta g cgrlfr gnh stranlfr prfhgtar.
Hmrfotmans4 Imcc mn tjf tg`cf wmtj tjf fgtmnl pgmrs. Gn fxgkpcf ms hanf iar yau.
Fgtmnl Rgmrs Rrfhgtar Rrfy Hfsorm`f tjf rfcgtmansjmp
Fx4 Ojmoefn ‟ gnt Ojmoefn Gnt Xjf ojmoefn fgts tjf gnt.
Xjf gnt ms fgtfn `y tjf ojmoefn
7.
0.
?.
07
\jgt”s Karf
Mccustrgtmans `y Caumsf Rgucmnf C. Kutmg, Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg gnh Nmeacgm Caumsf C. Kutmg
Xg`cf ?.7
Fgtmnl Rgmrs Rrfhgtar Rrfy Fiifot ai tjf Rrfhgtman
Fx4 Kgn ‟ Oarn Kgn Oarn Kgn + Oarn -
7. Kgn- 1
0. Kgn- 1
?. Kgn- 1
YFP] LAAH! Cft”s ojfoe wjgt yau jgvf cfgrnfh irak tjf gotmvmty.
00
Cfssan
6 Oakpftmtman
\jgt”s Mn
rfcgtmansjmps. Ogn yau stmcc rfogcc tjfsf rfcgtmansjmps1 Cft”s imnh aut `y gnswfrmnl
Gotmvmty 7.
7.
Hmrfotmans4 Mhfntmiy tjf foacalmogc rfcgtmansjmp sjawn mn tjf pmoturfs. \rmtf yaur
gnswfrs mn yaur _omfnof gotmvmty natf`aae.
W7. \jgt foacalmogc rfcgtmansjmp ms sjawn rmljt mn fgoj ai tjf pmoturfs `fcaw1
G. QQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQ
Q O. QQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQ
0?
@.QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ H. QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQ
Mccustrgtmans
Mccustrgtmans `y Icfur If C. Kutmg, Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg,
Kutmg, Nmeacgm Caumsf C. Kutmg
\aw, mt”s nmof ta cfgrn g`aut tjfsf rfcgtmansjmps. Jawfvfr, tjfrf ms stmcc
anf karf foacalmogc rfcgtmansjmp tjgt wf jgvf ta `f igkmcmgr wmtj.
\jgt”s Nfw
Ogn yau tjmne ai atjfr smtugtman tjgt sjaws g smkmcgr smtugtman cmef tjms1
08
\jgt ms Mt
Gotmvmty ?. Imcc Kf
Hmrfotmans4 A`sfrvf fgoj arlgnmsk mn tjf pmoturf `fcaw. Imcc mn tjf gppraprmgtf
`ax wmtj tjf arlgnmsks mnvacvfh gnh tjfmr rfcgtmansjmp. \rmtf
\rmt f yaur
yaur gnswfrs mn
yaur _omfnof gotmvmty natf`aae. (Natf4 Mtfk G ms hanf iar yau gs gn fxgkpcf.)
\jgt arlgnmsks Hfsorm`f tjf
Arlgnmsks grf mnvacvfh1 rfcgtmansjmp
7.
Xjf lrgssfs gnh atjfr
pcgnts oakpftf iar
Lrgssfs gnh spgof gnh nutrmfnts.
atjfr pcgnts Xjfy grf gcc giifotfh mn
tjf rfcgtmansjmp.
0.
?.
06
]au jgvf naw gn mhfg g`aut tjms rfcgtmansjmp. Cft”s rfkfk`fr
rfkfk`fr tjms.
\jgt”s Karf
mi jgrkfh
mi ungiifotfh
Xrffs _kgccfr
Xrffs
0.
?.
09
Mccustrgtmans `y Icfur If C. Kutmg gnh Kgtt Caumsf C. Kutmg
Hmrfotmans4 Imcc mn tjf `cgnes wmtj tjf kmssmnl warh. Ojaasf yaur gnswfrs irak
tjf lmvfn warhs mn tjf `ax. \rmtf yaur gnswfrs mn yaur _omfnof gotmvmty natf`aae
`fnfimttfh wjmcf tjf atjfr ms juntfh gnh emccfh. Mn g kgrmnf foasystfk, sjgre fgts
0<
skgcc imsjfs. Xjf sjgre ms ogccfh tjf (:)QQQQQQQQ gnh tjf skgcc imsjfs fgtfn `y
tjf sjgre grf tjf (=)QQQQQQQQ.
Mn tjf foasystfk, `mrhs `umch tjfmr nfsts an trffs `ut tjf trff ms nat
giifotfh gt gcc. Xjms rfcgtmansjmp ms ogccfh (78) QQQQQQQQQQ. Xjf `mrhs `fnfimt irak
tjf rfcgtmansjmp. Xjfy grf ogccfh tjf (76)QQQQQQQQQ. Xjf trff ms tjf (79)QQQQQQ
gnh ms nat giifotfh nar jgrkfh irak tjf rfcgtmansjmp.
Gnatjfrr foacalmogc
Gnatjf rfcgtmansjmp ms (7<)QQQQQQQ mn wjmoj anf arlgnmsk
foacalmogc rfcgtmansjmp
cmvfs gt tjf fxpfnsf ai gnatjfr. G pgrgsmtf hfpfnhs an tjf jast iar iaah,
naurmsjkfnt gnh sjfctfr. Xfrkmtfs cmvf an trffs gnh fgt tjf mnsmhf pgrts ai tjf
trff wjmoj kgy ogusf mts hfgtj. Xjf tfrkmtfs grf ogccfh tjf (7:) QQQQQQ gnh tjf
trff ms tjf jast.
\jgt M Ogn Ha
7. Ymsmt yaur `goeygrh ar lgrhfn. Cmst hawn tjf ngkfs ai cmvmnl tjmnls ar
arlgnmsks iaunh mn tjgt grfg. (]au ogn usf tjf oakkan ngkfs ai tjf
arlgnmsks.)
0. Vsmnl yaur
yaur cmst, mhfntmiy tjf hmiifrfnt foacalmogc rfcgtmansjmps tjgt fxmst.
?. Hfsorm`f tjf fiifot ai tjf rfcgtmansjmp wjftjfr tjf arlgnmsk ms `fnfimtfh,
jgrkfh ar ungiifotfh.
8. Oapy tjf tg`cf `fcaw gnh wrmtf yaur gnswfr iar tjms gotmvmty mn yaur somfnof
gotmvmty natf`aae. (NAXF4 Gn fxgkpcf ms hanf iar yau.)
Xypf ai Foacalmogc Hfsorm`f tjf rfcgtmansjmp
Arlgnmsks Mnvacvfh Pfcgtmansjmp (`fnfimttfh, jgrkfh, ungiifotfh)
G @ Arlgnmsk G Arlgnm
Arlgnmsk
sk @
0:
`uttfricy Icawfr kutugcmsk `fnfimttfh @fnfimttfh
Gssfsskfnt
Hmrfotmans4 Kuctmpcf Ojamof. Ojaasf tjf cfttfr ai tjf `fst gnswfr. \rmtf yaur
gnswfrs mn yaur somfnof gotmvmty natf`aae.
7. \
\jmoj
jmoj ai tjf iaccawmnl `fst hfsorm`fs tjf rfcgtmansjmp ai hurmgn gnh
cgnzanfs trffs oakpftmnl iar spgof gnh suncmljt1
G. Xjf hurmgn
hurmgn trff ms jgrkfh wjmcf tjf
tjf cgnzanfs
cgnzanfs trff ms `fnfimtfh.
`fnfimtfh.
@. Xjf hurmgn trff ms `fnfimtfh wjmcf tjf cgnzanfs trff ms jgrkfh.
O. Xjf hurmgn trff gnh cgnzanfs trff grf `atj jgrkfh irak tjf
rfcgtmansjmp..
rfcgtmansjmp
H. Xjf hurmgn trff gnh cgnzanfs trff grf `atj `fnfimtfh irak tjf
rfcgtmansjmp.
0. Xjf gogomg trff pravmhfs tjf gnts iaah gnh sjfctfr. Xjf gnts, an tjf atjfr
jgnh, pratfots tjf gogomg trff irak pcgnt-fgtmnl mnsfots. Xjms rfcgtmansjmp
ms tjf sgkf gs tjgt aiQQQQQ.
G. g kasqumta
kasqumta gnh kgn O. tjf lrgssfs
lrgssfs mnmn tjf lgrhfn
lgrhfn
@. g iral gnh g ormoeft H. g `ff gnh g icawfrmnl pcgnt
0=
@. @grngocf stmoemnl an tjf sjfcc ai gn aystfr
O. Gn arojmh cmvmnl an g trune ai g kgjalgny trff
H. Pjmza`muk `gotfrmg cmvmnl mn tjf raats ai nahucfs ai pfgnuts
9. Arojmh gnh trff, rfkarg gnh sjgre,
sjgre, jfran gnh ogrg`ga, iral gnh pcgnt.
\jmoj ai tjf iaccawmnl lraups ai arlgnmsks grf oakkfnsgcs1
G. Arojmh, sjgre,
sjgre, jfran,
jfran, iral O. Xrff, sjgre
sjgre ogrg`ga,
ogrg`ga, pcgnt
pcgnt
@. Arojmh, rfkarg, jfran, iral H. Xrff, rfkarg, ogrg`ga, pcgnt
:. Mn pgrgsmtmsk, tjf pgrgsmtfs cmvf mnsmhf ar autsmhf tjf `ahy ai tjf jast mn
arhfr ta survmvf. \jmoj ai tjf iaccawmnl arlgnmsks ms nat g pgrgsmtf1
G. Gnt @. @gotfrmg
@gotfrmg O. Kasqumta
Kasqumta H. Xmoe
77. \jmoj ai tjf iaccawmnl oarrfotcy hfsorm`fs tjf rfcgtmansjmp ai g hal gnh g
kgn1
G. Xjf hal ms `fnfimttfh
`fnfimttfh wjmcf
wjmcf kgn ms jgrkfh.
@. Xjf hal ms jgrkfh wjmcf kgn ms `fnfimtfh.
O. Xjf hal ms `fnfimttfh wjmcf kgn ms ungiifotfh.
H. Xjf hal gnh kgn `atj `fnfimts irak tjf rfcgtmansjmp .
?2
7?. Hurmnl jgrvfst tmkf, g`unhgnt suppcy ai iaah ms gooakpgnmfh `y tjf
mnorfgsf mn nuk`fr ai imfch kmof tjgt fgts tjf rmof pcgnt. _ngefs tjgt junt
an tjf imfch kmof wmcc gcsa mnorfgsf mn nuk`fr. \jgt oauch `f tjf passm`cf
autoakfs mi tjf igrkfrs lft rmh ai tjf sngefs1
76. Xjf foacalmogc rfcgtmansjmp ai imsjfs mn tjf gqugrmuk ms tjf sgkf gs tjgt ai
QQQQ.
G. kasqumta
kasqumta gnh kgn
@. g iral gnh g ormoeft
O. g `ff gnh g icawfr
H. ogrg`ga lrgss gnh `frkuhg lrgss mn tjf lgrhfn
?7
Ghhmtmangc Gotmvmtmfs
Rjata Oaccglf
vfry
wmtj arlgnmzfh
ocfgr tmtcf arlgnmzfh
tmtcf wmtj
gnh cg`fcs. arlgnmzfh `ut
cgoemnl tmtcfs mniarkgtman
nat ms
arlgnmzfh.
gnh cg`fcs. gnh cg`fcs.
Rrfsfntgtman Xjf pjata Xjf pjata Xjf pjata Xjf pjata
oaccglf ms vfry oaccglf ms oaccglf ms oaccglf ms nat
gttrgotmvf,
gttrgotmvf, vfry gttrgotmvf, wfcc gttrgotmvf, gttrgotmvf gnh
wfcc arlgnmzfh arlgnmzfh gnh arlgnmzfh `ut nat arlgnmzfh.
gnh nfgt. nfgt. kfssy.
?0
Gnswfr Efy
@. 67 O. 27 H. 6
O. 87 @. = O. 8
@. ?7 @. : @. ?
@. 07 H. < G. 0
H. 77 G. 9 O. 7
wan EM t g j \
) @( ) G(
) O(
st nfnap ka O om t am ` G st nfnap ka O om t am @ s kft sys ao F
) fna kfn G gf _(
@ ksm nglr A
??
+ fna kfng gf _ + `gr o tm kr fJ
. s fc o gt nft stm jtm wtm lnm r fv ao y ` sr at ghfr p
stm kari nam t o ft ar p `gr o tm k r fj fjt s fvm l fna kfng gf _. fo gc p at fo gc p kari fv a kat fhm r
ffri hngc gf kstm kari haai i a s pgr os jtm w fna kfng gfs s fhm v ar p `gr o tm k r f J 4 nam t pm r os f H
8 fc p kgx F
+ gm r ft o g` s uccm o g`at o gC + ng K
. jtc gfj
s” ng kfv ar p k m s pc fj hng s fs gfsm H. f kas kari ng kst o ft ar p, gm r ft o g` haal, gm r ft o g`
s uccm o g`at o gC. st nfm rt un jtm wtm s fhm v ar p gm r ft o g` s uccm o g`at o gc at t s aj s g ng K4 nam t pm r os f H
? fc p kgx F
+ st ngc R + s ng ku J
. sm s fjt nys at ajp nm st ngc p y ` hfs u sm t gjt fhm x am h na`r go
ii a fvm l s ng ku J. lnm jt gfr ` nm s ng kuj y ` hfs u sm jom j w nflyx aii a fvm l st ngc R4 nam t pm r os f H
0 fc p kgx F
? ytm vm t o G4 7 nassf C
?8
k
r g J. = tm i fnf @. 9 t sa J . ?
fom C. : k
r a wfpg X. 6 jo ffC . 0
f ka J. 27 atm uqs a K. < ftm s gr g R. 8 eom X . 7
jor gf _ hr a \. 8 ytm vm t o G
+ - sk
ra \ hcm j O. ?
+ - s hm jp G t ngc R. 0
.7
@ ksm nglr A G ksm nglr A @ ksm nglr A G ksm nglr A
y kfnnfm r I. ? ytm vm t o G
. hf k
r gj sm ng khng hftm i fnf.`ysjm otmatm scufqsfiatMk
. sff
j]X.. 0
?WW
atm uqs a khng ng K. 7 W
ec g X fr ut om R. 0 ytm vm t o G
?6
. haai rm fjt r ai k
r a w fjt
r ai t jlm i y fjt s g hf k
r gj
. haai rm fjt s g fvr fs t gjt s ksm nglr a fvm l y fjt f`ccm w kfjt i a jt a @. haai
s g lnac s g hft pfoo g fr g hng yr gvccm w sr f ws ng st nfhut _
r ai ft fp kao seom jo fj X
haa I y Khng f K. 8 ytm vm t o G
eom jo hng eom j O, ?
. pm js nam t gc fr . haai rm fjt r ai t jlm i y fjt
y fr p-r at ghfr p lnm wajs srm gp ksm nglr a fvm l y fjt
s g hf k
r gj f`ccm w kfjt i a
s g lnac s g hft pfoo g fr g hng yr gvccm w sr f ws ng st nfhut _
r at ghfr R y Ks” aj \. ? ytm vm t o G jt a @. haai r ai s ft fp kao
lah hngt go fj X
. fm h ccm whng hf kr g j la H hngt g O. 0
sm kr a wf j X. kr a w kr a \ hrm @ kr a \- hrm @
f jt st gf hrm ` f j X . F .. 7
8 nassf C 6 nassf C
?9
. s pm js nam t gc fr
c gom lac ao fi a s fpyt t nfr fiim h fjt
lnm wajs srm gp ksm nglr a fvm l y fjt s g lnac
s fss gr L . @ s g hft pfoo g fr g hng yr gvccm w st nfhut _
a H ng OM t g j \
sr f wac I . G
H. 67 H. 27 H. 6
H. 87 O. = @. 8
O. ?7 G. : O. ?
G. 07 H. < H. 0
H. 77 @. 9 O. 7
t nf kssfss G
?<
Pfifrfnofs
@aaes
Gsunoman, Gcvmf ft.gc..
ft.gc.. _omfnof - Lrghf < Cfgrnfr's Kgtfrmgc. Rgsml Omty4 IFR Rrmntmnl
Oarpargtman. 027<.
Pg`gla, Hr. Cmcmg K.,ft.gc. _omfnof gnh Xfojnacaly 0 - @macaly. Kftra Kgnmcg -Of`u4
Ym`gc Ru`cmsjmnl Jausf, Mnoarpargtfh. 7==2.
Pg`gla, Cmcmg Kgcg`gla, Rj.H.,ft.gc. Cg`argtary Kgnugc gnh \are`aae _omfnof gnh
Xfojnacaly 0 @macaly. Kftra Kgnmcg-Of`u4 Ym`gc Ru`cmsjmnl Jausf, Mnoarpargtfh. 7==<.
Acmvgrfs, Kgrmg ft.gc. _omfnof gnh Xfojnacaly iar tjf Kahfrn \arch MM. Kgegtm Omty4 Hmwg
_ojacgstmo Rrfss Mno. ,022?.
Xawcf, Gc`frt. Kahfrn @macaly. Vnmtfh _tgtfs ai Gkfrmog4 Jact, Pmnfjgrt gnh \mnstan.
7===.
Fcfotranmo Pfsaurofs
Ocmpgrtcaae.oak.
_aurof 4 3g jrfi;"jttps4//ocmpgrtcaae.oak/caae/6907-oargc-rffi-ocmp-grt.jtkc" tmtcf;"Oargc
Pffi Ocmp Grt">Oargc Pffi Ocmp
O cmp Grt3/g>. (Goofssfh Dunf 02, 0202.)
\mempfhmgOantrm`utars.jttps4//fn.wmempfhmg.arl/w/mnhfx.pjp1tmtcf;KutugcmskQ(`macaly)&ac
hmh;=97<7=?=:. (Goofssfh Dunf 72,0202.)
Pyozeawsem, Gnlfcg. _omfnomnl. jttps4//somfnomnl.oak/imvf-typfs-foacalmogc-
rfcgtmansjmps-<<:9.jtkc. 027:. (Goofssfh Kgy 02,0202.)
?:
Iar mnqumrmfs ar iffh`goe, pcfgsf wrmtf ar ogcc4