Musical notes are the fundamental building blocks of music, representing specific pitches or

frequencies. They are represented by letters from A to G in the musical alphabet, with variations
indicated by sharps (#) or flats (♭). Here’s a brief overview:

1. **Pitch**: Musical notes indicate the pitch or frequency of a sound. Higher notes have
higher frequencies, while lower notes have lower frequencies.

2. **Letter Names**: The musical alphabet consists of the letters A through G. After
reaching G, the sequence starts over again. For example: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C, and
so on.

3. **Octaves**: Notes with the same letter name but different octaves have either a higher
or lower pitch. For example, middle C is an octave higher than the C below it and an
octave lower than the C above it.

4. **Sharps and Flats**: To indicate pitches that lie between the natural notes (the white
keys on a piano), sharps (#) and flats (♭) are used. A sharp raises a note by a half step,
while a flat lowers a note by a half step. For example, C# is one half step higher than C,
and B♭ is one half step lower than B.

5. **Key Signatures**: In music notation, key signatures indicate which notes are to be
consistently played as sharps or flats throughout a piece of music. Key signatures help
define the tonality or key of a piece.

6. **Duration**: In addition to indicating pitch, musical notes also represent duration or

rhythm. The shape of the note (e.g., whole note, half note, quarter note) and any
accompanying symbols (e.g., flags, dots) determine how long the note is held or played.

7. **Rests**: Rests indicate periods of silence in music. Like notes, rests come in various
durations, such as whole rests, half rests, quarter rests, etc.
Understanding musical notes and their relationships is essential for reading and interpreting sheet
music, composing music, and performing musical pieces accurately.