NO:13

36 pages

Lateral Loads
EXAMPLES

F8
F7
F6
F5
Fb F4
F3
F2
F1
ground level

Total seismic load Story Forces

Pressure Suction

(0.00)

Wind load acting on the structure

Ce = - 0.8

Fb = Fi

Shear Diagram Overturning Moment

(0.00)

Elevation

4th year civil

Structral
2015-2016
Example.
For the shown figure of a residential building lies at Aswan . The
building consist of ( 8 ) repeated floors . L. L. = 2.0 kN/m2 &
2
F.C. = 1.5 kN/m and the soil is loose sand.
Due to Earthquake loads , it is required to :
1- Calculate the story shear at each floor level and draw its
distribution on the height of the building.
2- Find the bending moment and shearing forces acting at base
level of the R.C. columns and draw distribution of shear force
and bending moment.
3- Check Stability of the building against over turning
Given that :
All beams = 25 60
+

4 8=32 m
All columns = 25 80
+

Slab thickness = 160 mm

+

Elevation
7 3 = 21 m
+

7 +3 = 21 m

Plan

Page No.
Solution
1- Simplified Modal Response Spectrum
Fb = Sd (T1) W
g

+
According to Soil type and building location
Fig. (8-1) Table (8-2)
Aswan P. (1/5 code)
Zone (2) P. (2/5 code)
a g = 0.125 g
Table (8-1)
Loose sand P. (2/5 code)
Soil type (D)

Soil type (D) S = 1.80

Table (8-3) TB = 0.10
Response spectrum curve Type (1) P. (3/5 code)
TC = 0.30
TD = 1.20
3/4
T1 = Ct H
Beams + Columns R.C. Frames
P. (5/5 code)
C t = 0.075
Total Height of building (H) = 32 m
3/4
T1 = 0.075 + 32 = 1.01sec.
Check T1 < ( 4 TC = 1.2 sec.) O.K.
Sd (T) T1 < 2.0 sec. O.K.

Sd (T1 )

Time (Sec)
TB TC T1 TD 4.0

Page No.
 TC < T1 < TD Eq. (8-13)
P. (3/5 code)
TC
Sd (T1) = a g 1 S 2.5
R T1 > 0.20 a g 1

R = 5.00
= 1.00
Table (8-9)
P. (4/5 code) 1= 1.00
2.5 0.30
Sd (T1) = 0.125 g 1.00 1.80 1.00

+
+

+
5.00 1.01
= 0.0334 g
0.20 a g = 0.20 + 0.125 g 1.00 = 0.025 g < Sd (T1)
+

1
O.K.
T1 > 2 TC = 0.60 sec = 1.00
P. (5/5 code)

w s = D.L. + + L.L.
w s = ( t s c + F.C. + Walls ) + L.L.
+

Table (8-7)
P. (5/5 code) = 0.25

w s = ( 0.16 25 + 1.5 ) + 0.25 2.0 = 6.0 kN/m2

+

slab beams columns

w Floor = 6.0 21 21 + 0.25 0.6 25 ( 21 8 ) + 0.25 0.8 4 25 (16)
+

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

= 3596 kN
w Total = 3596 8 = 28768 kN
+

NOTE
ts
t av

Page No.
 Fb = Sd (T1) W
g

+
28768
= 0.0334 g 1.0 g

+
F b = 960.85 kN

2- Distribution of lateral force on each floor

Fi = Fb w i Hi
+

i=n

i=1
w i Hi
w i Hi H
i=n = i=n i
i=1
w i Hi i = 1 Hi
i=8
H = 32 + 28 + 24 + 20 +16 + 12 + 8 + 4
i=1 i
= 144 m
Fi = ( 960.85 ) 1 H i 32
144 24
28
20
16
Fi = 6.6726 H i 4
8
12

Floor H (m) F (kN) Q (kN) Mi (kN.m)

No. i i i

8 32.0 213.52 213.52 854.09

7 28.0 186.83 400.35 2455.51
6 24.0 160.14 560.50 4697.49
5 20.0 133.45 693.95 7473.28
4 16.0 106.76 800.71 10676.11
3 12.0 80.07 880.78 14199.23
2 8.0 53.38 934.16 17935.87
1 4.0 26.69 960.85 21779.27

Page No.
 213.52 213.52

400.35 854.09
186.83
560.50 2455.51
160.14

133.45 693.95 4697.49

106.76 800.71 7473.28

80.07 880.78 10676.11

53.38 934.16 14199.23

960.85 17935.87
26.69

21779.27

Load Diagram Shear Diagram Moment Diagram

Shearing force at base = 960.85 kN

Bending moment at base = 21779.27 kN.m

3- Check overturning
Mbase U.L. = 21779.27 kN.m
Mbase U.L.
Moverturning = 1.40 = 21779.27
1.40 = 15556.62 kN.m

Resisting Moment = WTotal B 28768 21 302064 kN.m

2 = 2 =
+
+

Resisting Moment 302064

Factor Of Safety = Over Turning Moment = 15556.62 = 19.4 > 1.5
Safe

Page No.
Example.
The shown figure of a building which lies at Cairo. The building
consist of two basements, ground floor and mezzanine used as
hospital and 8 repeated floors used as residential building.Live load
and floor heights are shown in elevation, the average slab thickness
is 215 mm and Floor cover + walls = 2.5 kN/m2 . The soil is weak.
Due to Earthquake loads , it is required to :
1- Calculate the equivalent seismic load acting on the building .
2- Draw lateral load ,shear and over turning moment diagram over
the height of the structure.
2
L.L = 2.0 kN/m
2
L.L = 4.0 kN/m
2
L.L = 4.0 kN/m
2

3.0 +8 = 24 m
L.L = 4.0 kN/m
2
L.L = 4.0 kN/m
2
6.0 L.L = 4.0 kN/m
2
L.L = 4.0 kN/m
6.0 L.L = 4.0 kN/m
2

2
L.L = 4.0 kN/m
6.0 Void 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0
2
L.L = 8.0 kN/m
6.0 L.L = 8.0 kN/m
2

2
L.L =10.0 kN/m
6.0 2
L.L =10.0 kN/m
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
Plan Sec . Elev

Page No.
Solution
1- Simplified Modal Response Spectrum
Fb = Sd (T1) + W
g
According to Soil type and building location
Fig. (8-1) Table (8-2)
Cairo P. (1/5 code)
Zone (3) P. (2/5 code)
a g = 0.15 g
Table (8-1)
Weak soil P. (2/5 code)
Soil type (D)

Soil type (D) S = 1.80

Table (8-3) TB = 0.10
Response spectrum curve Type (1) P. (3/5 code)
TC = 0.30
TD = 1.20
3/4
T1 = Ct H
Cores P. (5/5 code)
C t = 0.05
Total Height of building (H) = 39 m
3/4
T1 = 0.05 + 39 = 0.78sec.
Check T1 < ( 4 TC = 1.2 sec.) O.K.
T1 < 2.0 sec. O.K.

TC < T1 < TD Eq. (8-13)

P. (3/5 code)
TC
Sd (T1) = a g 1 S 2.5
R T1 > 0.20 a g 1

R = 5.00
= 1.00
Page No.
 Table (8-9)
P. (4/5 code) 1= 1.00
Table (8-9) 1= 1.40
P. (4/5 code) 1 = 1.40

NOTE More critical 1

2.5
Sd (T1) = 0.15 g +1.40 +1.80 + 5.00 0.30
0.78 +1.00 = 0.0727 g

0.20 a g 0.15 g 1.40 = 0.042 g < Sd (T1)

= 0.20
+

1 +
O.K.
T1 > 2 TC = 0.60 sec P. (5/5 code) = 1.00

w s = D.L. + L.L.
+

ws = ( t s + F.C. + Walls ) + L.L.

+

c
Table (8-7)
P. (5/5 code) = 0.25
Table (8-7)
P. (5/5 code) = 0.50

w floor = ( D.L. + L.L. ) area

+

D.L. = t s c + F.C. + Walls = ( 0.215 + 25 + 2.5) = 7.875 kN/m2

Area = 30 30 - 6.0 6.0 = 864 m2
+
+

void

Floor 1 w floor = ( 7.875 + 0.50 10.0 ) 864 = 11124 kN

+
+

Floor 2 & 3 w floor = ( 7.875 + 0.50 8.0 ) 864 = 10260 kN

+

Floor 4 11 w floor = ( 7.875 + 0.25 4.0 ) 864 = 7668 kN

+

Floor 12 w floor = ( 7.875 + 0.25 2.0 ) 864 = 7236 kN

+

WTotal = ( 11124 1 + 10260 2 + 7668 8 + 6912 1 )

+

+
+

= 100224 kN
Page No.
 NOTE
L.L.
~

Fb = Sd (T1) W
g
= 0.0727 g + 1.0
100224
+ + g
F b = 7286.28 kN

2- Distribution of lateral force on each floor

Fi = Fb + w i Hi
i=n
w i Hi
i=1

Floor
No. Hi (m) wi (kN) wi H i Fi (kN) Q i (kN) Mi (kN.m)
12 39.0 7236 282204 993.30 993.30 2979.90
11 36.0 7668 276048 971.63 1964.93 8874.68
10 33.0 7668 253044 890.66 2855.59 17441.46
9 30.0 7668 230040 809.69 3665.28 28437.30
8 27.0 7668 207036 728.72 4394.01 41619.32
7 24.0 7668 184032 647.75 5041.76 56744.60
6 21.0 7668 161028 566.78 5608.54 73570.24
5 18.0 7668 138024 485.82 6094.36 91853.31
4 15.0 7668 115020 404.85 6499.21 117850.14
3 11.0 10260 112860 397.24 6896.45 145435.94
2 7.0 10260 71820 252.79 7149.24 170458.28
1 3.5 11124 38934 137.04 7286.28 195960.26
i=n i=n

i=1
w i Hi i=1
Fi
= 2070090 = 7286.28

Page No.
 993.30 993.30
12
1964.93 971.63
11
2855.59 890.66
10
3665.28 809.69
9
4394.01 728.72
8
5041.76 647.75
7
5608.54 566.78
6
6094.36 485.82
5
6499.21 404.85
4
6896.45 397.24
3
7149.24 252.79
2
7286.28 137.04
1
Shear Diagram Load Diagram
12
2979.90
11
8874.68
17441.46 10
9
28437.30
8
41619.32
56744.60 7
6
73570.24
5
91853.31
4
117850.14
3
145435.94
2
170458.28
195960.26 1
Moment Diagram

Page No.
Example.
The shown figure of a student house which lies at Alexandria. The
building consist of 15 repeated floors & Floor height = 3 m. The
building consist of flat slab with average thickness 200 mm and
shear walls 300 mm thickness .The soil is medium dense sand.
It is required to :
1- Calculate the static wind load acting on the building in
Y - direction and show its distribution over the height .
2- Calculate the equivalent seismic load acting in Y- direction.
3- Draw lateral load ,shear and over turning moment diagram over
the height of the structure due to the critical lateral load .
4- Design the cross-section at the base of the Shear wall on axis 3
and draw its details of reinforcement .
Given that :
L.L. = 4.0 kN/m 2 F.C. = 1.5 kN/m 2 Walls = 1.5 kN/m2
1 2 3 4 5 6

12.0 6.0 4.0 4.0 6.0

Y

6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Plan

Page No.
Solution
1- The static wind load
Alexandria V = 36 m/sec Ce = 0.8 + 0.5 = 1.3
2
0.5 V C t Cs -4 2 2
q= = 6.25 10 36 = 0.81 kN/m

+
+
1000
Zone A ( More Critical )
Pe = Ce +k q (kN/m2 )
+

2
P1 = Ce k 1 q = 1.3 1.00 0.81 = 1.053 kN/m
+

+ + + +
+

+ +

P2 = Ce k 2 q = 1.3 1.15 0.81 = 1.211 kN/m2

+
+

P3 = Ce k 3 q = 1.3 +1.40 0.81 = 1.474 kN/m2

+
+

P4 = Ce k 4 q = 1.3 1.60 0.81 = 1.685 kN/m

2
+
+

F4 = P4 ( h b)
+
+

=1.685 15 30 = 758.25 kN 758.25 kN

+
+

1.685 15 m
F3 = P3 ( h b) kN/m2
+
+

=1.474 10 30 = 442.20 kN
+
+

F2 = P2 ( h b)

45 m
442.20 kN 1.4742
+
+

kN/m 10 m
=1.211 10 30 = 363.30 kN
+
+

37.5
F1 = P1 ( h b)
+
+

363.30 kN 1.211
kN/m2 10 m
=1.053 10 30 = 315.90 kN
+
+

25

Total wind force = 315.90 + 363.30 315.90 kN

15
1.053 10 m
+ 442.20 + 758.25 5 kN/m2

= 751.86 kN

Total Moment at base( Overturning Moment )= Fi H i

+

= F1 H1 + F2 H2 + F3 H3 + F4 H4
+

= 315.90 5 + 363.30 15 + 442.20 + 25 + 758.25 +37.5

+

= 46518.375 kN.m
Page No.
2- Simplified Modal Response Spectrum
Fb = Sd (T1) + W
g
According to Soil type and building location
Fig. (8-1) Table (8-2)
Alexandria P. (1/5 code)
Zone (2) P. (2/5 code)
a g= 0.125 g
Table (8-1)
Medium dense sand P. (2/5 code)
Soil type (C)

Soil type (C) S = 1.25

Table (8-3) TB = 0.20
Response spectrum curve Type (2) P. (3/5 code)
TC = 0.60
TD = 2.00
3/4
T1 = Ct H
Shear walls P. (5/5 code) C t = 0.05
Total Height of building (H) = 45 m
3/4
T1 = 0.05 45 = 0.87sec.
+

Check T1 < ( 4 TC = 2.4 sec.) O.K.

T1 < 2.0 sec. O.K.
TC < T1 < TD Eq. (8-13)
P. (3/5 code)

TC
Sd (T1) = a g 1 S 2.5
R T1 > 0.20 a g 1

R = 5.00
= 1.00
Table (8-9)
P. (4/5 code) 1= 1.00

Page No.
 2.5 0.60
Sd (T1) = 0.125 g 1.00 1.25 1.00

+
+

+
5.00 0.87
= 0.0539 g
0.20 a g = 0.20 + 0.125 g 1.00 = 0.025 g < Sd (T1)

+
1
O.K.
T1 < 2 TC = 1.20 sec = 0.85
P. (5/5 code)

w s = D.L. + + L.L.
w s = ( t s c + F.C. + Walls ) + L.L.
Table (8-7)
+
P. (5/5 code) = 0.25

w s = ( 0.20 + 25 + 1.5 + 1.5 ) + 0.25 4.0 = 9.0 kN/m2

+

w Floor = 9.0 12 30 = 3240 kN

+
+

w Total = 3240 + 15 = 48600 kN

Fb = Sd (T1) W
g
+

48600
= 0.0539 g 0.85 g
+

F b = 2226.61 kN

3- Distribution of lateral force on each floor

Fi = Fb w i Hi
+

i=n

i=1
w i Hi
w i Hi H
i=n = i=n i
i=1
w i Hi i = 1 Hi
i = 15
H = 45 + 42 + 39 + 36 +33 + 30 + 27+ 24 + 21+ 18 + 15+ 12 + 9 + 6
i=1 i
+ 3 = 360 m
Page No.
 1
Fi = ( 2226.61) 360 H i
Floor H (m) F (kN) Q i (kN) Mi (kN.m)
Fi 6.185 H i No. i i
= 15 45.0 278.33 278.33 834.98
14 42.0 259.77 538.10 2449.27
13 39.0 241.22 779.31 4787.21
12 36.0 222.66 1001.97 7793.14
11 33.0 204.11 1206.08 11411.38
10 30.0 185.55 1391.63 15586.27
9 27.0 167.00 1558.63 20262.15
8 24.0 148.44 1707.07 25383.35
7 21.0 129.89 1836.95 30894.21
6 18.0 111.33 1948.28 36739.07
5 15.0 92.78 2041.06 42862.24
4 12.0 74.22 2115.28 49208.08
3 9.0 55.67 2170.94 55720.92
2 6.0 37.11 2208.05 62345.08
1 3.0 18.56 2226.61 69024.91

Mbase U.L.
Moverturning = 1.40 = 69024.91
1.40 = 49303.51 kN.m

Overturning Moment ( Seismic ) = 49303.51 kN.m

Overturning Moment ( wind ) = 46518.375 kN.m
The case of seismic load is the critical one

Page No.
 278.33 278.33
15
538.10 259.77
14
779.31 241.22
13
1001.97 222.66
12
1206.08 204.11
11
1391.63 185.55
10
1558.63 167.00
1707.07
9
148.44
8
1836.95 129.89
1948.28 7
111.33
6
2041.06 92.78
2115.28 5
74.22
4
2170.94 55.67
3
2208.05 37.11
2
2226.61 18.56
1

Shear Diagram Load Diagram

15
834.98
14
2449.27
13
4787.21
12
7793.14
11
11411.38
10
15586.27
9
20262.15
25383.35 8
30894.21 7
36739.07 6
42862.24 5
49208.08 4
55720.92 3
62345.08 2
1
69024.91
Moment Diagram

Page No.
4- Design of shear wall 1 2 3 4 5 6

3
Isw 2 = 0.30 +( 6.0 ) = 5.40 m4 = Isw sw 2 sw 3 sw 4 sw 5
12 5
3 C.R.

Isw 3 = 0.30 ( 4.0 ) = 1.60 m4 = Isw4

+ C.M.
12 e min
i=4 4
i=1
I = 2 ( 5.4 + 1.6 ) = 14.0 m
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
For Shear Walls on Axis 3
e min = 0.05 L = 0.05 +30 = 1.5 m
% of each Shear Wall = i = In i 1 + Ii xi
(1 emin)

+
i=n
+

+
2

i=1
Ii I ( xi)
i=1 i

% of Sw 3 1.6 1.6 3.0

+
= 2 ( 1.6 + 5.4 ) 1+ 1 +1.5

+
+

2 2
+ 2 ( 1.6 + 3.0 + 5.4 + 9.0 )
+

= 0.1223 = 12.23 %
Msw = % of Sw 3 M base 3
+

= 0.01223 69024.91 = 8438.56 kN.m

+

By Area Method get the Normal force

8.0 4.0
ND.L. = g s Area + o.w No of floors
+

g s = ( t s c + F.C. + Walls )
6.0
2
= ( 0.20 25 + 1.5 + 1.5 ) = 8.0 kN/m
+

ND.L. = g s Area + o.w No of floors

+

ND.L. = 8.0 (6.0 8.0 ) + (0.3 4.0 3.0 25 ) 15 = 7110 kN

+

NL.L = Ps Area No of floors

+

= 4.0 (6.0 8.0 ) 15 = 2880 kN

+

Page No.
 Nult = 1.12 N D.L.+ N L.L.+ N S.L.
= 1.12 7110 + 0.25 2880 + 0 = 8683.2 kN

+
M ult = 1.12 M D.L.+ M L.L.+ M S.L.
= 0 + 8438.56 = 8438.56 kN.m

Nu = 8683.2 10 3 = 0.289
+ + + +
Fcu b t 25 300 4000
+

6
Mu 8438.56 10 0.0703
2 = 2 =
Fcu b t 25 300 4000
+

= 0.9 Get = 2.0

-4
As = A s = ( Fcu 10 ) b t
+

+
\

-4
= 2.0 25 10 300 4000 = 6000 mm2
+
+

As = 0.6 Ac = 0.6 ( 300 4000 ) = 7200mm2

+

min 100 100

12 28

5 8/m 5 10 / m \ 5 16 / m \
12 28
12 28 0.3

4.0

Page No.
 Example.
For the given plan of a residential building, located in Hurghada
(Seismic Zone 5A). The building consists of ground floor and
5 typical floors. The building is constructed on a weak soil.
It is required to :
1- Calculate the shear base at ground floor level
2- Draw the lateral load & shear distribution diagrams
3- Calculate the seismic loads acting on the frame (F 1 )

Given that :
Fcu = 25 N/mm 2 St. = 360/520
F.C. + Partitions = 3.0 kN/m 2 t s av = 250 mm
All columns are (300 800)
+

The stiffness of exterior frames is twice the stiffness of interior

frames
7.0 7.0 7.0 L.L. = 2.0 kN/m 2
4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

L.L. = 2.0 kN/m 2

4.0

L.L. = 2.0 kN/m 2

8.0

L.L. = 2.0 kN/m 2

L.L. = 7.0 kN/m 2

6.0

F4 F3 F2 F1 L.L. = 7.0 kN/m 2

8.0

8.0

8.0 8.0

Plan Sec . Elev

Page No.
Solution
1- Simplified Modal Response Spectrum
Fb = Sd (T1) + W
g
According to Soil type and building location
Table (8-2)
Hurghada (Zone 5A) P. (2/5 code)
a g= 0.25 g
Table (8-1)
Weak soil P. (2/5 code)
Soil type (D)

Soil type (D) S = 1.80

Table (8-3) TB = 0.10
Response spectrum curve Type (1) P. (3/5 code)
TC = 0.30
TD = 1.20
3/4
T1 = Ct H
Beams + Columns R.C. Frames
P. (5/5 code)
C t = 0.075
Total Height of building (H) = 30 m
3/4
T1 = 0.075 + 30 = 0.96 sec.
Check T1 < ( 4 TC = 1.2 sec.) O.K.
T1 < 2.0 sec. O.K.

TC < T1 < TD Eq. (8-13)

P. (3/5 code)
TC
Sd (T1) = a g 1 S 2.5
R T1 > 0.20 a g 1

R = 5.00
= 1.00
Page No.
 Table (8-9)
P. (4/5 code) 1= 1.00

2.5
Sd (T1) = 0.25 g +1.00 +1.80 + 5.00 0.30 1.00

+
0.96
= 0.0703 g

0.20 a g 0.25 g 1.00 = 0.050 g < Sd (T1)

= 0.20

+
+
1
O.K.
T1 > 2 TC = 0.60 sec = 1.00
P. (5/5 code)

w s = D.L. + + L.L.
w s = ( t s c + F.C. + Walls ) + L.L.
+

Table (8-7)
P. (5/5 code) = 0.25

w floor = ( D.L. + L.L. ) area

+

D.L. = t s c + F.C. + Walls = ( 0.25 25 + 3.0) = 9.25 kN/m2

+

Area = 16 +21 - 4.0 +7.0 = 308 m2

void

Floor 1 & 2 w floor = ( 9.25 + 0.25 7.0 ) 308 = 3388 kN

+

Floor 3 6 w floor = ( 9.25 + 0.25 + 2.0 ) 308 = 3003 kN

+

WTotal = ( 3388 2 + 10260 4 ) = 18788 kN

+
+

Fb = Sd (T1) W
g
+

18788
= 0.0703 g 1.0 g
+

F b = 1320.80 kN

Page No.
2- Distribution of lateral force on each floor
Fi = Fb w i Hi

+
i=n

i=1
w i Hi
Floor
No. Hi (m) wi (kN) wi H i Fi (kN) Q i (kN)
6 30.0 3003 90090 327.96 327.96
5 26.0 3003 78078 284.23 612.19
4 22.0 3003 66066 240.50 852.69
3 18.0 3003 54054 196.77 1049.46
2 14.0 3388 47432 172.67 1222.13
1 8.0 3388 27104 98.67 1320.80
i=6

i=1
w i Hi
= 362824

327.96 327.96
6
612.19 284.23
5
852.69 240.50
4
1049.46 196.77
3
1222.13 172.67
2
1320.80 98.67
1

Shear Diagram Load Diagram

3- Seismic loads acting on frame (F
1 )

Plan is unsymmetric as C.M. = C.R.

- C.R. is at the center of the plan as K is symmetric for frames
21
( K F1 = K F4 & K F2 = K F3 ) X C.R.= 2 = 10.5 m

- As the stiffness of exterior frames is twice the stiffness of interior

frames ( K F1 = K F4 = 2 K F2 = 2 K F3 )

Page No.
 Datum 7.0 14.0

4.0 A2
C.G.
A1
12.0

C.M.
C.G.

X C.M.

3.5
14.0

X C.M.= wi Ai xi = Ai xi
+
+

wi A i Ai
+

X C.M.= 7.0 12.0 3.5 + 14.0 16.0 14.0 = 11.14 m

+

+ +

7.0 12.0 + 14.0 16.0

+

NOTE
D.L. & L.L. wi

e = X C.M. - X C.R. = 11.14 - 10.5 = 0.64 m

e * = e + 0.05 L = 0.64 + 0.05 21.0 = 1.69 m
+

% of each Frame = i = K K Fi xi
Fi
1 + (1 e* )
+

+
+

n i=n 2

i=1
K Fi i=1
K Fi ( x i )

K F1 = K F4 & K F2 = K F3
K F1 = 2 K F2
i=n
K Fi = 2 K F1 + 2 K F2 = 2 2 K F2 + 2 K F2 = 6 K F2
+

i=1

Page No.
 7.0 7.0 7.0

8.0
MT

0.64

C.R. C.M.
Zone (2) Zone (1)
F1
8.0

3.5
10.5

zone (1) frame

% of F1 = K F1 K F1 10.5
+

1 + 1 1.69

+
+

+
2 2
6 K F2 2 ( K F1 10.5 + K F2 3.5 )
+

+
+

2 K F2 1 2 K F2 + 10.5
1 +1.69
= + +
6 K F2 2 2
2 ( 2 K F2 + 10.5 + K F2 +3.5 ) +
+

= 0.4096 = 40.96 %

Fi = % F1 Fi = 0.4096 Fi 134.33
+

for F1
116.42
98.51
80.60
70.72
40.41

Load Diagram

Page No.
Example.
The figure shows a residential building which lies at Aswan. It
consist of 15 repeated floors & Floor height = 3 m. The building
consist of prestressed slab with average thickness 200 mm and
shear walls and cores 250 mm thickness .The soil is weak.
It is required to :
1- Calculate the equivalent static load acting on the building at
each floor and show its distribution over the height .
2- Determine the center of rigidity of the structure .
3- Compute the torsion moment at the ground level.
4- Calculate the percentage of lateral load acting on each shear
wall and core.
Given that :
L.L. = 6.0 kN/m 2 F.C. = 1.5 kN/m 2 Walls = 1.5 kN/m2

1 2 3 4 5 6
A
5.0

B
5.0

C
5.0

D
5.0

E
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Page No.
Solution
1- Simplified Modal Response Spectrum

Fb = Sd (T1) W
g

+
According to Soil type and building location
Fig. (8-1) Table (8-2)
Aswan P. (1/5 code)
Zone (2) P. (2/5 code)
a g = 0.125 g
Table (8-1)
Weak soil P. (2/5 code)
Soil type (D)

Soil type (D) S = 1.80

Table (8-3) TB = 0.10
Response spectrum curve Type (1) P. (3/5 code)
TC = 0.30
TD = 1.20
3/4
T1 = Ct H
Shear walls + Cores P. (5/5 code)
C t = 0.05
Total Height of building (H) = 45 m
3/4
T1 = 0.05 45 = 0.87sec.
+

Check T1 < ( 4 T C = 1.2 sec.) O.K.

T1 < 2.0 sec. O.K.

TC < T1 < TD Eq. (8-13)

P. (3/5 code)
TC
Sd (T1) = a g 1 S 2.5
R T1 > 0.20 a g 1

R = 5.00
Prestressed concrete Table (8-4) = 1.05
P. (3/5 code)

Page No.
 Table (8-9)
P. (4/5 code) 1= 1.00
2.5 0.30
Sd (T1) = 0.125 g 1.00 1.80 1.05

+
+

+
5.00 0.87
= 0.0407 g
0.20 a g = 0.20 + 0.125 g 1.00 = 0.025 g < Sd (T1)

+
1
O.K.
T1 > 2 TC = 0.60 sec = 1.00
P. (5/5 code)

w s = D.L. + + L.L.
w s = ( t s c + F.C. + Walls ) + + L.L.
Table (8-7)
P. (5/5 code) = 0.25

w s = ( 0.20 25 + 1.5 + 1.5 ) + 0.25 6.0 = 9.5 kN/m2

+

w Floor = 9.5 +20 30 = 5700 kN

+

w Total = 5700 + 15 = 85500 kN

Fb = Sd (T1) W
g
+

85500
= 0.0407 g 1.0 g
+

F b = 3479.85 kN

2- Distribution of lateral force on each floor

Fi = Fb w i Hi
+

i=n

i=1
w i Hi
w i Hi H
i=n = i=n i
i=1
w i Hi i = 1 Hi

Page No.
i = 15 Floor H (m) Fi (kN)
No. i
H = 45 + 42 + 39 + 36 +33 + 30 + 27
i=1 i 15 45.0 434.98
+ 24 + 21+ 18 + 15+ 12 + 9 + 6 + 3 14 42.0 405.98
= 360 m 13 39.0 376.98
1 12 36.0 347.99
Fi = ( 3479.85) 360 H i 11 33.0 318.99
10 30.0 289.99
Fi = 9.666 H i 434.98
9 27.0 260.99
405.98
376.98 8 24.0 231.99
347.99 7 21.0 202.99
318.99
289.99 6 18.0 173.99
260.99 5 15.0 144.99
231.99
4 12.0 116.00
202.99
173.99 3 9.0 87.00
144.99 2 6.0 58.00
116.00
87.00 1 3.0 29.00
58.00
29.00

Load Diagram

3- Center of rigidity and torsional moment

1 2 3 4 5 6
For Shear walls a
3 5.0

Ix = 0.25 10.0
+

b
12 5.0
C.R.
4 c
= 20.83 m C.M.
x 10.0 x 5.0

d
5.0

e
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
0.25

Page No.
For Core
x y x
5.0
y = 4.75 0.25 2 2.625 + 6.0 0.25 0.125

+
+

+ +

+ +

+
0.25
4.75 0.25 2 + 6.0 0.25

+
= 1.66 m
6.0
3
0.25 4.75 2
Ix = + 0.25 4.75 + ( 2.625 - 1.66 )
+

+2

+
12
3
6.0 0.25 2 4
+ 0.25 +6.0 +( 1.66 - 0.125 ) = 10.22 m
+

+
12

X C.R.= Ii x i = 20.83 +0 + 20.83 +6 + 10.22 +21 + 20.83 +30 = 13.26 m

+

Ii 20.83 3 + 10.22
+

X C.M.= L = 30 =15.0 m
2 2
e = X C.M. - X C.R. = 15.0 - 13.26 = 1.74 m
e * = e + 0.05 L = 1.74 + 0.05 30.0 = 3.24 m
+

4- Percentage of lateral load carried by shear walls & cores

% of each Shear Wall = i = In i 1 + Ii xi
i=n (1 +e* )
+

i=1
Ii I ( xi)
i=1 i

1 2 3 4 5 6
a
5.0

b
5.0
C.R.
c
C.M.
5.0

d
(- ve) (+ ve) 5.0
Zone (2) Zone (1)
e
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Page No.
 For Shear Walls on Axis 1
20.83 13.26
F1 =20.8320.83 1 - ( 1 3.24 )

+
+

+
2 2 2 2
+3 + 10.22 20.83 +(13.26 + 7.26 + 16.74 ) + 10.22 +7.74
= 20.66 %
For Shear Walls on Axis 2
20.83 7.26
F2 =20.8320.83 +1 - ( 1 3.24 )

+
+
2 2 2 2
3 + 10.22 20.83 (13.26 + 7.26 + 16.74 ) + 10.22 7.74
+

+
= 24.28 %
For Shear Walls on Axis 6
20.83 16.74
F3 =20.8320.83 1 + ( 1 3.24 )

+
+

2 2 2 2
+3 + 10.22 20.83 +(13.26 + 7.26 + 16.74 ) + 10.22 +7.74
= 38.73 %
For Core
10.22 7.74
F4 =20.8310.22 +1 + ( 1 3.24 )
+
+

2 2 2 2
3 + 10.22 20.83 +(13.26 + 7.26 + 16.74 ) + 10.22 +7.74
+

= 16.34 %

Page No.
Example.
The shown figure of a residential building which lies at Cairo . It
consist of a ground, mezzanine and 8 repeated floors and two
basements. Live load and floor heights are shown in elevation.
The soil below the building is weak.
Due to Earthquake loads , it is required to :
1- Calculate the story shear at each floor level .
2- Calculate the total lateral drift .
3- Draw the distribution of web drift along the height of the building .

Given that :
Slab thickness = 160 mm F.C. = 1.5 kN/m 2
2
All Beams are ( 300 600 ) E = 22100 N/mm
+

All Column are ( 300 700 )

+

L.L = 2.0 kN/m 2

L.L = 4.0 kN/m 2
L.L = 4.0 kN/m 2
5 6 m =30m L.L = 4.0 kN/m 2
+

L.L = 4.0 kN/m 2

L.L = 4.0 kN/m 2 3.0 +12 = 36 m
4+ 6m =24 m

L.L = 4.0 kN/m 2

L.L = 4.0 kN/m 2
L.L = 4.0 kN/m 2
2
L.L = 8.0 kN/m
L.L = 8.0 kN/m 2
Plan
L.L = 10.0 kN/m 2
L.L = 10.0 kN/m 2

Sec . Elev

Page No.
Solution
1- Simplified Modal Response Spectrum

Fb = Sd (T1) W
g

+
According to Soil type and building location
Fig. (8-1) Table (8-2)
Aswan P. (1/5 code)
Zone (2) P. (2/5 code)
a g = 0.125 g
Table (8-1)
Loose sand P. (2/5 code)
Soil type (D)

Soil type (D) S = 1.80

Table (8-3) TB = 0.10
Response spectrum curve Type (1) P. (3/5 code)
TC = 0.30
TD = 1.20
3/4
T1 = Ct H
Beams + Columns R.C. Frames
P. (5/5 code)
C t = 0.075
Total Height of building (H) = 36 m
3/4
T1 = 0.075 36 = 1.10sec.
+

Check T1 < ( 4 TC = 1.2 sec.) O.K.

T1 < 2.0 sec. O.K.
TC < T1 < TD Eq. (8-13)
P. (3/5 code)
TC
Sd (T1) = a g 1 S 2.5
R T1 > 0.20 a g 1

R = 5.00
= 1.00
Table (8-9)
P. (4/5 code) 1= 1.00

Page No.
 2.5 0.30
Sd (T1) = 0.125 g 1.00 1.80 1.00

+
5.00 1.10
= 0.0307 g
0.20 a g 0.125 g 1.00 = 0.025 g < Sd (T1)
= 0.20

+
1
O.K.
T1 > 2 TC = 0.60 sec = 1.00
P. (5/5 code)

w s = D.L. + L.L.
+

ws = ( t s c + F.C. + Walls ) + L.L.

+
Table (8-7)
P. (5/5 code) = 0.25
w s = ( 0.16 25 + 1.5 ) = 5.5 kN/m2
+

Floor 1
slab beams
w Floor = ( 5.5 + 0.25 10.0 ) + 24 30 + 0.3 0.6 25 +( 24 +6)
+

+
+

columns
+ 0.3 0.7 25 30 + 4.5 = 7116.75 kN NOTE
+
+
+

C.L.-C.L.
Floor 2 & 3

w Floor = ( 5.5 + 0.25 8.0 ) 24 30 + 0.3 0.6 25 +( 24 +6 )

+

+
+
+

+ 0.3 0.7 25 30 3.0 = 6520.50 kN

+
+
+
+

Floor 4 11

w Floor = ( 5.5 + 0.25 4.0 ) 24 30 + 0.3 0.6 25 +( 24 6)

+

+
+
+

+ 0.3 +0.7 25 30 + 3.0 = 5800.5 kN

+
+

Floor12
w Floor = ( 5.5 + 0.25 2.0 ) 24 30 + 0.3 0.6 25 ( 24 6)
+

+
+
+
+

+ 0.3 +0.7 25 30 + 1.5 = 5204.25 kN

+
+

Page No.
WTotal = ( 7116.75 1 + 6520.50 2 + 5800.50 8 + 5204.25 1 )

+
+
= 71766 kN

Fb = Sd (T1) W
g

+
71766
= 0.307 g 1.0 g
+

+
F b = 2203.22 kN

2- Distribution of lateral force on each floor

Fi = Fb + i =w
n
i Hi

i=1
w i Hi
Floor H (m) w (kN) wi H i Fi (kN)
No. i i Fi Hi (kN.m)
12 36.0 5204.25 187353.00 305.63 11002.57
11 33.0 5800.50 191416.50 312.26 10304.44
10 30.0 5800.50 174015.00 283.87 8516.06
9 27.0 5800.50 156613.50 255.48 6898.01
8 24.0 5800.50 139212.00 227.09 5450.28
7 21.0 5800.50 121810.50 198.71 4172.87
6 18.0 5800.50 104409.00 170.32 3065.78
5 15.0 5800.50 87007.50 141.93 2129.02
4 12.0 5800.50 69606.00 113.55 1362.57
3 9.0 6520.50 58684.50 95.73 861.58
2 6.0 6520.50 39123.00 63.82 382.93
1 3.0 7116.75 21350.25 34.83 104.49
i = 12 i = 12

i=1
w i Hi i=1
Fi Hi
= 1350600.75 = 54250.59

Page No.
 3- Total drift
Chord Drift

M over turning = Fi Hi = 54250.59 kN.m

2 2
M =w H = 54250.59 = w 36 w = 83.72 kN/m

+
2 2
3
4
Ic = 0.3 +0.7 = 0.0086 m 6.0
12 12.0

Ie = 6 [ Ic + 2 ( Ic + A 6 2 ) + 2 ( Ic + A 12 2 ) ]
+

+
= 6 [0.0086 + 2 +(0.0086 + 0.3 +0.7 6 ) + 2 (0.0086 + 0.3 0.7 12 )]
2 2

+
+

+
4
= 453.86 m
4 4
wH =
Chord drift ( c ) = 8EI 83.72 + 36 = 0.00175 m
e 8 2.21 10 7 + 453.86
+

= 1.75 mm
Web Drift
Assume ( K ) constant for all floors
Typical Story
3
Ic = 0.3 +0.7 = 0.0086 m4
12
3
4
Ib1= Ib2 = 0.3 0.6 = 0.0054 m
+

12
1
12EI c1 2I c1
K int.= 1+
h3
h ( Ibb1 + Ibb2 )
1 2

7
12 2.21 +10 +0.0086 1
+

K int.= 2 0.0086 = 20183.4 kN/m

( 3.0 )3 1+
+

3 (0.0054 +0.0054 )
+

6.0 6.0

Page No.
 1
12EI c2 2I c2
K ext.= 1+
h3
h ( Ibb1 )
1

7
12 2.21 10 0.0086 1
+

+
+
= 3 2 0.0086 = 11460.9 kN/m
( 3.0 ) 1+

+
3 (0.0054 )

+
6.0
ext. = 3 K int. + 2 K ext.
K = K +int.K
F1
= 3 20183.4 + 2 11460.9 = 83472 kN/m
+

+
Ks= i=6
K Fi = 6 K F1 = 6 83472 = 500832 kN/m
+

i=1

Floor Qi
Qi
(mm)
No. Hi (m) Fi (kN) Q i (kN) i= Ks
36.11
12 36.0 305.63 305.63 18083.53 36.11
35.50
11 33.0 312.26 617.88 17777.90 35.50
34.26
10 30.0 283.87 901.75 17160.02 34.26
32.46
9 27.0 255.48 1157.23 16258.27 32.46
30.15
8 24.0 227.09 1384.33 15101.03 30.15
27.39
7 21.0 198.71 1583.04 13716.71 27.39 24.23
6 18.0 170.32 1753.36 12133.67 24.23 20.73
5 15.0 141.93 1895.29 10380.31 20.73 16.94
4 12.0 113.55 2008.84 8485.02 16.94 12.93

3 9.0 95.73 2104.57 6476.18 12.93 8.73

2 6.0 63.82 2168.39 4371.61 8.73 4.40

1 3.0 34.83 2203.22 2203.22 4.40

i = 12 Web Drift
Qi
i=1
Diagram
= 18083.53

Qi 18083.53 0.03611m 36.11 mm

Total web drift ( i) = Ks = 500832
= =

Total Drift = Web Drift + Chord Drift

= 36.11 + 1.75 = 37.86 mm.

Page No.