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eACH npoxyc. HajBcpojaTlio on nOCTapo norpc6ysal-hc.
OA 113JlOIKCHOTO npOll3JICryua nCKa Tpc6cmlwK3Ta HCKponona 3<HI><lI{a
3Ha'II1TeJIHO ronCM npocTop. Cc npoTcra so Jl.OJDIOIHa 0Jl. OKOJIY 500 M ..
3aq)aKajKII rll MCCIlOCTItTC CyBa l.ICWM8, TpJl 4eJbYCTIIII BpTYJhK3. Jlou.llpall<l
C Bp3 IICTa 1130XllIIca, Koja cc nOKJlOnys8 co npaBcu;oT lIa COSPCMCIHlOT naT
OxpHJl.-KI1'ICBO. i-lajcTapllTC norpc6ysal-ha WTO Jl.aTllpaaT OA VII BCK CC
KOHCTaTltpaliH Ha Tpll l.ICJhYCTIl 1\ BpTYJhKa. WTO ACKa Ba TOj npocTop
ce BPWCHII IlpBIiTC llorpc6ysalba. nOIlOQHa HCKpononaTa CC npowllpysa KOII
CyBa l.ICWMa. Kane CC IIOrpC6allli 60raTilTc. HO 11 cI1poMawHIITc Tpc6cIIIIWKII
)l(HTCJIlI.
CurypHo lIa lIace116aTa, 'lUll 3a'ICTOI(1I TpcGa 1\a ce
conpcMcHH co lIajcTapliTc cc YWTC IIC C YTSpnCIiO. OCTaTou.1I
OA Hacc116a co PIIMCKII 06jCKTlI cc KOHCTaTllpaHIl 80 C.
0Jl. IICKpOnOJIaTa oKony 1 KM. 1-10. Toa HC 3I1a'I11IlCKa Haccn6aTa Hcr.m nocTapli
TparH. He 611 Tpc6aJlo Jl.a cc MO:>KHocra Jl.CKa It Tpc6cBlilUKO KaJIe
IIMano ynol'a Ha 01l6pan6cII nyHKT YWTC BO apxajcKo Jl.06a.
J], EJ7 A TO){(J], A
1l0KaJIHTCTOT Cn. Hnllja cc Haora Kaj C. UCJIarO)f(na, HCJl.anCKY on
CTpyra. HCKoIlysalbaTa BPWClIlI OA CTpaHa H3 My3ejoT BO CTpyra. IlOJl.
paKOBOACTBO Ha B.6I1TpaKOBa-fp03Jl.aHOBa, H3Hccoa Ha BItAeJI,O
3a Koja C KOHCTaTltpallO nCKa liMa nonr BPCMCHCKIi pacnOH. Mcry llaJcTapltTe
norpc6yoalb3 OTKpltCH C cnell jlOU;HOapxajcKIl TYMYJl HaKo C
YHltIlITCH. 3a"YBaIlHTc JlenOBIl OS03MO)l(IIJIe Aa CC 113BCCIIII ACTaJlII .
TyMyJIOT C opMllpaH 0Jl. KaMCHCH SCHeu; co npe
1
1BltK Oil tiM. EACH on
n. KYJM311. Tpll llcILYCTlI1I Bp-rYJbKa. Tpe6e"lIwT3 1972. OXPIIA 1985
I I
l!.1jno
G
po rpo6oull (rp06 84) liMa nOllnO' ICIIO ,n1l0 II onanCI1 BCIICI(
0.1 KaMCII, JClClIllaH co lIaqlpnCll1 Ka\lCIl. C CKcnCTIiO. rp060T
C nOll;IIpall1l3 ncpllqlcplljaTa Ha TYMynOT. UCHTpancu rpo611c C KOHCTClTIlP<lH
80 rp060T cc OTKP"CHII: GpOll3CI-I wnCM o,n ,,1I11l1pCKIl" Tlln, 6POH3CIIO Dnne,
C'-lIepOC BO CTIIJI Ha lI;PUl1 qmrypll II IIp. rp060T c ,naTllpall BO 510-500 r. npeA
II.C. "
PA/lOJII1IDTA
Bo 1937 r. Kaj Pan011I1W1'J. Hc,naJJCKY OA CTpyra, OTKp"clla C
Hc"'pOnOn<l, Koja, KaKO WTO 113rnCna 6lfna MOWHC OUlTCTCHa. HCKonynalbaTi.I
fit 113BCAYS3JI MIIOAapar rpGIIK. Bo Taa npUnllK<l OTKPIICHII cc 21 rpoG co
cotlYBaH rp06cII IUIBCHT<1p. ,0,0 06j<1uynal-bcTo 11<1 MaTcplljanoT 011.
cTpaH<J ua Jby611wa nOIlOlJlIK 801957 r. 113MIIH311 rolleM BPCMCHCKII nep1IOJI.
7
I13ry6cIIClTa TcpeHcKCl ItOKYMcllTaUllja BliccYBa 113BCCIW COMHCBal-bC BO
rp06HlfTC COAP)KIfHII. 110 OA HaUia rncAHa TOllKa Toa HC ro HaMaIlYBa
3I1Cl'lelbCTO lIa OBa OTKPIiTlIC.
np3S11 Bne'IaTOK npnCYCTSOTO Ha nOSCKC )I{CnC3HII ",ollja BO MaUIKIlTC
rp060BII. cc {pparMCIITIi 0A IICKonKY 6POH3CHI! CClAOBI!.
KcpaMII'IKHTC HClOAIl cc BO CIlBa epaKTypa. WTO 311a'lII ACKa cc nOKa1l1l1l
npHnaraaT lIa CIiBaTa najoHcKa KcpaMIiKa co xcnCHCKIl <I'OPMII-
KIIIIIIKCI!, CKUOCII, Kall'rapOCII. OA HaKIlTOT KapaKTCpllCTJIlIHlI cc lI!'nli
OMcra II nCIIonOHCCKl1 TIIil. 6cncI'31lJ1 co 3MIICKII rnaBH, npCTCHII II
06CTKI1 OA CBIfTKaHa co KOHYCHa rnaBa. I-ICKOIlKY KI1nll6apCKil MOI1IICT<l
360pysaaT ,nCKa II OBOJ SIIA HaKIiT 611n npncyTcH so rpo6oBIlTC. Hc TaKa 'ICCT
HaOA cc 06CTKI11'C so ...hopMa
.... '+' < IIa nOIlYMCCe'IIiHa. aACKBaTlI1I Ha HaOA"Te OJI
)KAaHclI; II Kanllja.
PcncpToapOT H3 Hao,nIlTC nOKa:>KYBa ,nCKa I-ICKpOnOnaTa Kaj PanOJllIUI1'<l
61ina Kop"CTCHa on nOCJlCAlIllTC AeUCllllii HC\ V I SCK lID oKony <paJ'OT lIa V
SCK "PCA H.C. ' <
B. Oll"rpalWBa rpo3naHoBa CaCTIi H
Ljubljana 1989,87. . IlIIJa, Aenaro)l(lla, ARI-IEOLOSKI PREGLED 1987,
7 Jb flOIIOBlih. 3PIIMo 1956/57,75-94.
12
PlII1UA
Bo 1954 r. Kaj c. PCllllqa e O1'KPIICHO CA"O norpe6ys31-bl!,
npn WTO cc lIaj,ncIHI: 6POli3CII lU11CM OIl "IIIlHpCKU" 1'1111. CAlia CPC6PCII3
pOM601lAII3 " micra IlI'I1a - Aa1'llp3HO BO npUaT<l nOJlOOl!1I3 Ha V BCK.
H
cc lIaOl'a 00 CAcll IlIlaHlIlICKI1 Kpaj. OHA3I1C
l
ICIl on
naT01' KOJ ro noup3ysall I1I1XlIl1ltCKIIOT pcrnOH co XcpaKIIcja. OAHOCHO co
ncnafolluja, na C!lOpen Toa, BcpojaTJID CC pa60TII 33 CUHO ocaMCHO
norpcGysalhc. Ma1'cplijanoT cc lIaora BO HapO}lIllIOT My3Cj BO OXplt}l.
nETI1JIEn-5EPAHUI1
JIoKaJllI1'CTOT nCl'ItIlC11 cc lIaora 2.5 KM jY)KIIO OIl c. 6epaHlI;l!, Ha
AcccTlll-la KllnOMcTp" CCBCPliO 0,1\ 61lTOna. Bo 1954 r. C OTKP"CHO C]:tHO
norpc6YBalbC O]:t KaMeHa KOHCTpYKlI;I1Ja, BO 'mja sHaTpculHOCT cc Haoranc
6POH3CH KpaTcp, GpoH3eHa aMqlOpa. AenOBIl OA Tpl! 6POl13CIIII caAOBIf II
MOI-IOXPOMCU CKl1epOC. Bo KpaTcpoT 6unc c06paHil 113ropcHil KOCKU lIa
nOKojHII1.(a II CJlCnliHOT npllJlor: 3J1aTHa MaCKa (Moumc OWTcTcHa), Tpll3IlaTHli
npnSp30Ql1 3a rCPAaH. ABC HayuIIHllI;ll. ABC epypKCTIl co nnO'ICCTIl rIlaBIl. ABe
(pn6YJll1 OA nill. ABC rpllJUli1 co 3MHCKII rJlaBH II ABa npCTclla - cc
011. cpc6po. 6pOH3cHa nUHI\CTa II IIIlCKa OA 75 KpynHH aMopqmli BCp111! OA
Klinll6ap. MaTcpnjanoT cc BO MyJejoT BO 6l1Tona. Ila0AoT C AaTllpllH
so J.\oll;HoapxajcKlloT ncplloA.
Q
CnopcllcH co aHanorHIlOT MaTcpnjaIl OA
CIlH,nOC. 61l MO:>KCnC nonpclI;II3110 Aa ro AaTl1paMC Olt 520/510-500 r. npc]l H.C.
OA ncnarOllllCKIITC HaOraJIIllliTa nOTcKHysaaT II HCKOllKY Apyrll HaOAI!
WTO nplinaraaT lIa apxajcKlloT I1Cp"OA. a cc sp3YBaaT 3a Tpc6cHllwTa II
CHIIAOC. TaKa, oJ]. nporoH6YKPIi nOTCKHYBa CACH 6POll3CH WIICM OA
"IlJlIlPCKII" 1'1111. OA 6a611HO 6POll3CH WJlCM 011. HCT THn (BcpojaTlio OTKPIICH
so Kaj Panew. UPKBHUJTC \I BIlCOIl Kaj 6cpallll;n HajAcHIl CC
HaYUIHlIlI;U co KOHYClIa <popMa. Bo rpoGoBIfTe 33 H 44 nOKpaj uaywlIIIlI;lI OA
osoj TIIIl, HajAcHH cc IIfJIII co nIlO'ICCTa 11 KOHycHa rJlasa 111111 OMcra II APyrll
npcAMcTIl }laTlipaHlI BO KpajoT lia VI BeK npcA H.e.1O
B. JlaxToD, flpo6neM Tpe6eJlIIWKe KynType, Oxp"n 1965, 17.
H. MIIKyn'lIIh. ApxajcKe HCKpollone JY)l(lIe flenaroJluje, CfAPHIIAP, 1I0aa cepuJa,
KIt.. XV-XVI. oeorpan 1966, 209ulI.
III HCTIIOT, JCllila aliTlt'lKa lIeKpOllOna 113 OKomlllC OIlTOlha, C1'APHIIAP. Ku . XXI.
ocorpall 1970, 139 II n . T. I; HCTIIOT. Pclagonija u svellosti nalala. SkoPJe-
Beograd 1966.37 i n. T. XI. a I b, T XII. SI. 21.
13
Ilncen5aT<1 lIa Koja II npllnara norpe6YBaJbCTO Olt
co CllryP"OCT IIC e ),CT<1II0BCt-Ia. Ha npII6mDKHO II CTrl oJlJlaJlC'JCII OCT OA rpoGOl'
OAHOCHO IICKpOnOJl<lT3. KOHCTaTllpatHi ce HeKonKY JlOKaJIIITCTIl CO OCTarOl ll;
OA H<lCCJl611. ApxconOWKIl IICKonYB3l-ba KOII 611 MO)l(CJlC Aa ro onpcAClIill'
CTcnCHOT Hil KynTypHlloT pa3Boj BO HIIB. cnopeA ruTO 6 11 MO)l(Cna Aa cc U<llJpaBI!
nopeanH3 npcTlloCTaBKa. HC cc BpweHI!.
K apaKTepoT Ha paMHIILt3Ta YC1I0BI1J1 OA "ajpaHII n cnarOHllja
Aa 6 11 AC rycTo HaCeJlClia. n UpCKTIi aTa Bpn:a co creJcKoTo Kpaj6pc)J(jc
OB03MO)l(IIJ1a 6p30 npoAllpal-bc Ha KynTypHIITC npIIA06HBKII OA jyrol'. 3a
npoUYToT Ha KynTypaTa so apxaj cKlloT nc plloA cnCAO'laT nOCAIIJIC'IJIIiTC
OTKpllTlija AO Kon C }1oj AeHo cnYllaj Ho. 80 OTCYCTSO Ha nOrOJlCMII CIICTcMaTcKIi
IIcKo n YBal-ba. OBII C nOn<lTOl.{1I sCTysaaT nOCTOClbC Ha 60r a Tli apxajCKIl
norpe6YBatba, oc06cli 0 Kaj n CTHJ1 en- OCp31il.{H. KOII MO)KaT)ta cc OlJCKynaaT
so IIAHllHa.
BAllA HJ[OBCKO-rEBrEJI I1CKI1 PErl101-!
B o 1984 rOA BO rpa/loT Bana1l}1080, npn Konal-bCTO ua TCMCJlII 3a
60JlHII'IKaTa 3rpaAa, Ha MCCTOTO 3CJlCHIIWTC ce OTKPII CIIH, O,uHOCIiO
pa3ypHaTli HCKonKY rp060Bu. CTPY'IHHTC nlll.{3 KOII BO McrYBpcMe
IIHTepOCtili panC na npn5epaT nOBcKe Jl. If CJlOl.{ Hpallll uaOAIl . a Oil
HeKonKY rp06a Aa Ja IIcnllTaaT HIIBHaTa COnp)l(UHa.
K Oil CTaTl1paHO C AeKa lI eKpononaTa Koja TYKa CC npOTcra nplfuafa Ha
nocrapoTO )Kene3HO BpeMc, co XPOHOJlOlilKH paMKH on Kpaj oT Ha V II ItO npoHTc
ACLtCHUlI Ha V oeK. CilTe norpc5yna iba ce CKeneTHH, 1130pweUil BO rp060BII
on TlinOT LtIl CTlI n OKpaJ" Kcpa "
. (MWIKHTe HaOAH o.n: )10KaJl1I0 nOTCKJlO. 11aJHCIIII
ce )Kene3H11 MC'ICSI! 1\ APYfll npcnMen!.
l1 HeKpOnOJll.I - rnOC Kaj 11 MII JIUH BO r CBrC)1 Hja,
AaA03 HCKOll KY "PCAMCTl1 KO!! CC _
OKlIonynaaT BO npOCTopmrrc II KyJlTypflO-
XPOIIOJlOWKHTC paMKIl Ha HaumOT IIHl'CpCC.1I
H eOllaMlla. KaJ' C C,.WKB .
1:' HLta, cenepHo OA r esremfJa, Ha J10KaJIIITCTOT
uH1l10B JaBOp , OTKp"e HIl ce lie 6
I KOn Ky rpo a 011 nmOT UHCTU co CKCJlCTliO
norpe6yoalbC. M c r y
1l0MltHHpa rpy6aTa pa'lllo pa60Tcll a J10KamlJ
KcpaMIIKa. M CTall lHlTe 6POB3C
" rp!!SHI! HII npC.Il,MCTU npHnaraaT Ha lIaKHT-CanTaJlCOlili
co 3MlfCKil rnanll npaB I
KIIJluGapc"!! nap . II Bne'laTOK r epnaHoT OA Kpyn"" a1.1Op(I)l1II
" 'llHba 11 nap'lc 3J1aTCH .
He C 06jaueH. 1I1fM, CoceMa pa3Jl.po6c u . MaTcplIJaJlOT
II 3. reopr"c8, EneMellTIi 113 pallaTa .
Ct;onJc 1984,51 II II. 311TIlt;a 8011.011110 1I 0Ha p/(HpjC. 360PIIHK (I).c))
14
CI1HJ[OC
KaKO WTO CBOCBPCMCHO OTKpllBal-bCTO lIa Tpe6eHIIWKaTa HCKponOJla
r o CBpTI! BHIIMaHlICTO lIa lI aY'IIIIlTe KpyrOBt1, TaKa AeHec HCKpononaTa K3J
C IiIiAOC n06YAYBa HC nOM3J1 IfIiTepcc. C'IHAOC cc Haora OKOJlY 23 KM 3ana.o. II 0
0.0. COJlYH, Ha ACCJI(lTa CTpana lI a peKaTa f aJlIIKOC, aHTIl'IKIl OT EXCAOpOC. n o
cnY'lajHoTo oTKpllBalbc ua HCKOJIKY norpc6ysafba. BO 1980 roD,. on CTpaHa lIa
rp'IKHTC apXeOJl0311 ce 113Bpweull CIl CTeMaTCKIi II OTKP" Cllli 121
rp06. C n ope1J, 06jaBe lili BO K aTanoroT Ha 11 3J10:+l:6aTa,
npe3cHnlpaHa lIa jasHocTa BO 1985 rOJllllla, on BKy nHlloT 6poj Ha OTKPII CII11TC
rp060BH Ha 1l 3J10)K6aT<I cc nOMCCTCIHI lIaO,ll, 1I on 36 rp060BII, cc pa36upa co
Haj 60raTilTc npl1J10311 , KOIl ja uaAf\lIIl-1YBaaT 6pojKaTa OA 500 HaO,ll, II .
l1
B o rp060BllTC cc oTKpllBalil1 KOPHHTCKH Ii KCpaMlJllKIl 6<13 11 ,
6POH3CHH C3,l1,OBH, TCpa KOTlI, 3naTCli Ii cpc6peH HaKHT, 0PY)f(je-MC'ICBII II
Konja, 6POll3CHil WJl CMOBH, 3J1aTlIlI MaCKIl II 6pOjHII pa3HOSIIAI-II1 3J1aTIllI
anJlHKaLtHl1. TllnOBIlTC lI a rp0606ltTC MO)f(aT na ce nOAPCAaT 60 neKOJ1KY
KaTCrOpHiI. Haj 6 pojHH cc T.II. rp060BII-UI1CTIl, KOHcTpYllpaHH O,ll, KaMe1i1l
nJlOYI! 111111 naK KaMCHIl capKocf.>a3u co 3aKOCCU KanaK. OTKPIlCIlIl CC lIeKOJlKY
rJlHHCHIi CO penjeq)H3 1J,e KOpaUll ja Ha HanBopelUHaTa II Ha
BHaTpCll1HaTa CTpali a. 3 I1 a 'HiTCnCH 6poj norpe6ysafba C II JBPWCU BO
npaBOarOJlHII SKonali 1l AIlPCKTHO BO 3cMjaTa. B o HeKOJlKY CJlY'l all
nOKojHIlUilTe 511ne norpe5aHH BO npBeHH KOBye311. Cnope,u IICTpaJKysa
l
lllTe,
CIITC rp060sH COAP)KCJlC caMO no CnHO XPOHOJlOWKHOT pacnoll
Ha HCKpOnOJlaTa CC ABU)f( 1l O,ll, OKOllY 560/50 r . no 450/40 r. u aKO Il CKOIl
norpe6ysaJ-ha ce ,lI,aTllpallll lIeWTO nOnOLtua. Co ,lI,p yrll 360pOBIl . II CKpo nOJlaT3
C KoplI CTcHa 00 TCKOT lIa apxajcKI10T II nepnoA. WTO cc
onHCcYBa AO nOTCKJ10TO Ha rp06 1UITC npl1J1031l, OC06CHII ,lI,HnCMI1 HeMa:
KapaMH'IKIlTe 8a311 cc KOP"IITCK" II aTU'IKH npoH3BoAU; 6POU3CIHlTC C3AOBII
npl1naraaT Ha KOP"HTCKO-XaJlKIiACKIiOT Kpyr ; OAACJlHI1 npenMeTiI ce Bp3YBaaT
3a O,ll, HOCliO M3J10a3I1 CKIlTe BJ1l1jaHllja. Cy,ll,CjKI1 cnopc,lI,
MHOWTBOTO C1II1'IHH npcAMeTII KOII YKa)KYBaaT Ha HCTli pa60TIIJlHHLtII , na llyplI
H Ha nCTU Maj C'I'OplI , BOCl-laT3 o npcMa, TcpaKoTuTc. HaKHTOT, 3J1aTIIHTC MaCKIi
II APyruTe anJlHKal.llU1 cc JlOKaJl Hl1 npOIl3BO,ll, H.
H eKpOnOJlaTa Ha C lilinOC co cBojaTa 60raTa CO}1p)f(l1l1a ce H311BOj YO<l
OA CIITe APy ru OTKpliTl1ja OA 060j BII A. Taa nOKaJKYBa rOJleMa KOHLtCIiTpaLtllj a
Ha BJlaCTCJII1HCTBO KOC ce 113AIlrHaJlO na 3aBliAHo eKOHOMCKO HIlBO. H c 1111 e
n03HaTO ,lI,anil lI e KpOnOJlaTa o ncf.>aKa H3BeCCH npocTop KOj li e e Aocera
HCTpa)Ke u . I1CTO TaKa HC 3HaCMC KaKBIl np"J10311 COAP>KeJle OCTallaTI1TC
"CllpOMawHu" rp060BIl , '!ll ja COAP)l( llHa He e BKJlyyelia 00 K aTanorOT.
12 1. BOKOTOnOYI\OY, AI. .1.E!nOI NH, 8. MI!AHAI.6.0Y, M. TIBEPIO!. !IN.1.0!
Athena 1985. }{ATMOrO! TH! EK9E!HE.
-
,D,clTllpalbCTO IICI llorpc6ynalb<lTa CC JlpOTera no CACH IIOnOJII' npCMClleK11
paellOH _ 0,[\ mwny 560 no 4-t0. OAHOCliO 410 r. npc/lll.C. Oco6cII npcKlI1I BO
TCKOT Hel KOPIICTCH,CTO lie ec Haj60ranl cc llorpc6YIJClIhaTa
1l0CnC1\HIITC Tptl ,[lCLlCIII1II H<l VI BeK. nOAOLIHe)KJlIITC rpoGoBII COnp)KaT IICll1TO
311aTHII npcAMcnl OA npeTxoAHHTC. 110 KapaKTcpOT Hi.! npllllOJIlTC
He e 1t3MCHCT. H aKIlTOT C OA IICTIITC pa60Tlln
lllIL
lii. 3naTII II M<lCKIl !lCMa, 110 II
HaTaMY CC npllcyTlHl pOM60llAIIII II APyrll pa3HoRIIAilil 3naTIIII
annllKatlllll, co KOII 61111a YKP3CYB3H3 06JIeKaT3 lIel nOKojllllllllTC.
CCBCPHO OA HCKpononaT3 Ha 110KanllTcToT TyM6a Kaj Nca Anchlalos
KOHcT3T1lpallll CC OCTaTOl.\1I OA nOBcKccllojHa Haccn6a, Koja 6uJla Haccnclla
YWTC BO BPCMCTO!fa IICOJIIITOT II paHoTO 6POH3CHO BpeMc. CC Tparll
KOII nOKa>KYBaaT .[1CKi1 H<lcen6aTa )KIIBeen<l BO reOMcTpIICKIlOT. apxajcKIlOT.
II xencllllcTWIKIIOT ncplloA H e e 1103HaTO Aanl! nocTojaT 113BCCilli
npCKHHtI no KYJlTYPHIlOT pa3Boj KOII 611 MO)KCnC A<l YK<l)l{aT Ha npoMell1l BO
eTHH'IKIlOT COCTal3 lIa nonynal.\lIJa1'a.
M. E. XaT30nYJIOC cc 11 3jacHIIJl ACKa HCKpOIIOJI<lTa Iia
"Sindos" nplillara Ha XanaCTpa, Koja ja Ha I1na1'OTO Kaj AHxnanoc.L'
XAJIKHal1K
HEOnPEaEnEHI1JIOKAJII1TETI1
ApxeOnOUJKII HaOUI! KaKBl! UITO liMa AaAcHO CHHAOCKaT<l IIc"ponOJla
ce 1I03Ha1'II OA KOneKLI,lIjaTa Stathatos WTO cera CC llYBa DO ApXeOJlOWKIlOT
. A "
MY3CJ BO :IIHa. C06paull cc BO 1'eKOT Ha cAeH n O,l1.0nr ncpl10}1
KaKO cnYI I<lJHII HaOAII OTKpllB3HH lIa npOCTOp01' Ha XanKIIAIlK. Il cAoc-raTOKOT
Ha OJowny OKOJIHOCTIlTC Ha OTKpUB3U)CTO II JlOKaJlIITCTIlTC KaAe cr,;
HaJUCHIl HC Ja OC06CHO HIIBHaTa BPCAIIOCT. Tile cc BjJ3y13aaT 3<1
IICTIIOT XaJIKIIAII'IKo-uonllononapAapCKH npOCTOp. a IICOCnOp"JlTC alianorlill
ce BKJIOnynaaT 130 IIC1'IIOT KynTypcH Kpyr.
Mefy ClpxconOWKHOT MClTcplljaJl 3aCTanCilil CC 6POIl3C" IllnCM OJI
"rp'IKo-nnllpcKu"TIHI CAli 6 .
, a nocJla 0 3J1aTHa MaCK;] (CC 11111111 HaJJIClII1
3aCAUO). 3naTHli yKpacHI ,h
, 1 't'1IJ1l1rpaHCKH JlCHTlI, pOM60llAIIII anJIIIKcH{11i1.
3JIaTIIII ncpJIII OA repAaH r
Il Ap. ' , pllBHII CO 311MCKII rnaBII. <IJYPKC1'II, 06CTKII. cl)ll 6yn
l1
fI.1 B M:ll:cdoman lOSt .
MELETHEM . . Itutlons under the klllgs. I. A and cp,graph,(
, AlA, Athens. 1996 107
'4P A de'
man ry. ollcctlon Hellene Stath I
,1105 Les biJoux antiques, 1953.
16
DJlarOW.lpClIlI C lIa apXCOJlOlllKIlTC IIcTpa)t(YBJII,a nO'III,\"I II cc }lila Bill\lIl1
co anCKBaTCIl apxconOlLIKIl M<ncplljaJl. Toa cc IICKpOIIOJlaTa 1\<11
MIIKpa Kapa6ypyll. 0.[1 Conyll, 1\ BO llpKBaTa ArllOC napaCKCB11C
80 Ca\III01' Con)"H.
AlI1KPII KIIPII6YPYII
3a lIa npnaTa CBCTCKa BOJHa.JyrollcTO\IHO 0}1 ConYII.na MCCTOTO
Kapa6ypy ll . OTKPIICIlII CC HCKonKY rp060BII 0.[1 TlinOT IIIICTII
I;POjHIIOT IIHBCIITap C anCKnaTCIl lIa CIIH}10CKHOT. OTKPIICIIII CC KOPlllITCldi II
, TI1'IKII Bam. n al\ll III, KOTOIHl. 6POll3CHII Ca]lOBII. Bo rpo60T IInaj.[1clI<l C 3JlaTIm
nJlO'IKa. a 130 rpo60T III - UJJlCM 0.[1 "rp'IKO-IlJI11PCKII" 1'1111.
C.[1l1 Cll0MCIICMC CJIU<l <tmrypa lIa IKenKa II ja60nKo no TCpaKOT<I.
lCaKl311 uno ce OTKP"CHII BO CIIIIAOCKIITC l1orpe6Yl3alLa.
Kaj M IIKpa Kapa6ypyH XaTJonYJloc ja nOl.\lIpa TcpM<I.
Arl10C nAPACKEBI1C
ApxajcKa1'a lIeKpOnolla Kaj Arlloc napaCKeBllc. OA KOJa CC 06jancHli
l'1CKOJIKY rp06HII u,enmtll.
17
nOKCllKa IICTa CO.[1pIKlIHa KlIKO CIIII]lOCKClTtl. Oil
l'IaOHIiTC JlI IIcTaKuynaMe KOplHtTCKaTa KcpaMIIK3. Ha npRO MCCTO KOTOIlIiTC.
P.pOIl3CllaT<l <1m ana co oM{llaJlOc. IKCJlC3111101' KpllBIlTC JlOIKCBlI. ]JlaTIlIITC
allAcnKIi 1\ TpllarOJlllllTC II pOM601l.[1HIITe nJlO'IKII II TpllTC 6POIOCHII
UIJICMOI3I1. 06jancilliTc 11<101111. CC 'IllHII, IIC 113nerYBaaT OU paMKIITC 1m VI BeK.
Cnopcn MIICJI ClbCTO Iia XaTJOllynoc. CIIHJl,OC Tpc6a }1a CC nOllllpa BO
ifecanOHIIK<l, lIa KOj My nplIllaraaT QCTaTOLI"Te O}{jOlICKIlOT xpaM, a CCKal<:O II
HCKpOnOn,n<l K<lj Arlloe rl apaCKCl3l1c.
'1I
I' L. Rey, La nceropok de K:lr:lhurun de Saionique. ALBANIA 2, 1927. I
11., Idem, ALBANIA 3. 1928,601 n.: Idem. ALBANIA 4. 1932,671 n.
M. B H:lt/opoulos, 0p. ell., 107, 3a6. 4.
' 7 K. To \'o.:poraq,no ()caow.(}\/fdll'. II
MAKE6.0 IA Ano TA MYKIINAIKA !IrONIA QY TON
AAE=:AN6.PO. BologlM. 19K!I. !l7-101
'M B. 0p. Cll.. 107, 3a6. 3.
17


Oaoj KyC DCapT Bp3 OTKpuTujaTa H3 apxajcKHTc IICKpOnOJlII H rpo6111ITe
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. pa3"'IKII Bo He ce HaJJlCHH OH3KBII nYKCY3H11
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II PHTOIIII Olt Tpe6eHuWTa. Bo Tpe6eHIIWTa He e HaJACHa HitTy cAHa
pOM60ll,flHa 3naTHa nnOllKa. ,flOp;CKa CUH,flOC HCf.13 3naTHI1 "paK3ullqu" 11
"caH,flamf'. Bo Tpe6cHlfWTa HeMa TcpaKOTIf 11 KOTOHn, AO,flCKa CUHAOC rl1
liMa BO 11306UJlIIC. OHa WTO e 3aCAHWIKO 33 J'1:BCTC HCKpononu ce 3n3THliTC
norpe6HII MaCKit n JlPYru pa3HOBHJlHH anJlIIKau,lllI, qWPMItTC II CTIIJlOT Ha
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npC}lMCTH OA nOKanHa npOBeHiWHI..{Hja KaKO U HH3a nOJaBH KOH ce OAuccynaaT
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Koja Ha HCT 113'HlH ro MaHHcpeCTlIpa CBOjOT 0AUOC
KOH AYXOBHIIOT )"a!BOT If CBoeTO nOCToelbe.
18
PEfHOHAJIHA ETHWIKA nPHnAJ],HOCT
Kora 611 611JIO n031131'O KOIl nneMlilba rn HacenYBane perllOllllTC KanC
TO ce OTKPIfCIIII apxajcKlI1'c "KIIC)f(CBCKII" rp060BH. npo6nCMOT oKony
I UBHaTa CTUII'IKa nptmaAHOCT He 61l 611n oco6eHO KOMnnllll.llp3H. MerYToa,
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oc06eHO B1II1M3H11e lIa OBlle npoCTOpu. J.13BcCTYBmbaTa ce rJlaBIiO naplVljaJlIIII ,
c:nOMH3TH naTCM II 'ICCTO IICAOBOJIHO npocTopHO 11 BPCMCIICKII onpc,uCJlCIlIl.
IlOl{paj Toa, TO'IHOTO y6m(lIpalbe Ha HCKOII TonOHHMII n03HaTiI o,u 11300PIITC
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2icneKTH.
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6ulI 1f3nO)f(CH lIa npOMCIIII BO CTHlillKUOT COCTas Ha
OBOllH3T3 npllpo,[{a Ha perHOHOT II npllpo,ullIlTe, oco6cII0
J:;YAHII1'C 60raTCTBa, CCKaKO npCTCTaBYB3J1C npCAI13BIIK 3a oCBojYU3lha. KaKO
npl1MOpCKa 06naCT co AHpeKTCH np"CTan KOH ErcjcKoTO Mopc II HCTO'IHIIOT
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CCTO C Taa JlCKa BO TeKOT IIa VI BCK OBoj npOCTOp ce YWTC He e oKynupali OA
arpaHa Ha MaKCJlOIIll.IITC. AKo ce np"AP:+CYBaMc JlO eTanllTC Ha MaKen,oHcKaTa
e!KcnaH3lfja npCnnO)f(CHll OA XaMoIIA, ro npcMIIHYBaaT AKCIIOC
19
Hc"anc o"ony 510 II 50S r. npclt II.C.'" 80 C/tHa 1I0BOOCBOCIII.l 05JI<lCT IIC MO>h:C
na cc <I}OpMllpa TaKBa 0IJUlTCCTBCH3 KJHlCa 1I<l KOJ'-l 511 r.IO:.KCJIC Ita II cc
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TC
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0611 'WII BI)JaHII 3a 3.1taTIlIiTC r.taCJ..:1I My ce HC1I0311<lTIl 11'-1 IUIlIPC"IIOT II
\l3KCllOHCJ..:1I0T CHopen Toa. MaKCIlOHllllTC J..:ilJ..:O 1-t0CIITCJJlI Ha
CIII-I Aoc)..;aTi.l JlcJ..:ponona OTnara3T.
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n03H3T<l Ka)..;o MllrIlOlIlIFl (l\it'YOOl'la). C n open 11011.<1'1'0)..;0'1' K<1J XCPOJtOT.
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(80rT/a/a). npocTop co KOj CBOCBPCMCHO snanccJIc DOTII311TC IIpC/t Jl<i GIIJtaT
II POTCIKIIIIl OJI cTpaua lIa MaKCnOHltIlTC.21 MHr]tOHllja cc IIpoCTupa lIa \lCTOK
on pCKaTa JIO DlI3anTII1'e. KOII ja lIaccnYBanc 3Cl ll a}lH31'a CTJ'HIIICl 11<1 ](01111110T
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npllnara CIIII}lOCKa1'a HCKponona. Cc CMCTa ,uCKa XCKaTcj f1I1IJ1YBan m::oJlY
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H o. nanll BO IIcrOBO IlPCMC TpaKllj llilTe BJIa,uecne co C IIHf.OC II Xan3crpa 111111
naK HcrOBOTO 113BCCTYBCllbC ce onllCcYBa Ha IICKOJ n ocTap ncpllon o,u Kora c
cOIIYBalla Tpa,ulllllljaTCI nCKa OBIIC ,Usa rpa}la cc CllrypllO C IlI!K<l
MIIKpopa3rpallll'lyB<l/bC Ha e,UCH npoCTop KaIlC ce Mcwane II npcnncT)'n<lJII!
nOBcKe llonyna[VIII e TeWKO PCllJJlII B np06ncM. H e 11 11 C 1l03UaTO itanll OBOj
XeKaTcoB 1I0flaToK C nOBCJl.CH non COMHCBa H,C. H c 3HaCJI.IC IICTO TaKa JtaJ1J1
XCKal'cj ro IIOJllaBan TcpMajcKlloT 3anllB on aYToncllja IIJl1I CC cny>KI!Jl co
rlO,QClTOllli O,Q II0Cl'ClPil ClBTOPII.
CMCTaMC ]lCKa n onaTOKOT lIa XCK3TCj lie Tpc6a na 36yllyRi.l.
npo6ncr.IOT C caMO BO HcrOBOTO xpOlionoWKo cplI KCll palhC. CJI[[' ICII IIp06JIC\!
IICKpCHYBa co 1I0naTOKOT UJTO TOj ro }la s a 3a .. ,UeKcaplI . XClOHCKII II<lP0}l, COCCIl'1
20
I'! NGL H,111l1ll0ndG T Griftilh. A Hislory of MacedOIll.I. Volume II. Oxford 1979.64
811 110110111111.0 110PCIOlY rp'IKIIX <lpxajcKllx npCnMcTa I U IICKp01l0JIC KOil Tpc6c1l11111TOl
ca noccGIII1\1 OCBPTO\I lIa 11p0611eM 311aTHI1X MaCK11. CTAPI1 11AP XVXVI. I)corpa.1
1966,29,
Hcrod. VII, 123
Thuk II. 99.
Sir. VII. fro
:. Slcph. Ilul fro 146 i I ..H. CI1I1AOC 11 XanaCTpa KaKO Tp<lKIICKIl rp,\JIOIHi IICPOjilT1l0
1TOTCKII\'lIi1a-r l1a 110XOJl.OT lIa MI1311Te 11 TeYKpllTC '1<1 KOll ]601'),11,1 XCI");!
'
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TlO}lClTOK. 0'lIIrJ1CHHO C HC,,'l XCK:lT" .
> < I!J CC nOTnllpa 113 HCKOP CTapa Tpa}llllllqiJ.
Kora .QacapCTIITC cc lIapeKYB<l.1e .QCKcapli II >KIIBCCllC BO COCCllCTIlO co
EHXCJlCIITC.
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. ... .. ,.. .... ,. KaKO 1I0CneJl,II113 lIa KU\lepC"<1T<l
IIJIC\llHbil CC nO.rlGYTllaTII "OH 3anaJl, na "a)..;o rpaHllltCl
":ry 60TlJaJil II MllrJl,omija Ki.l.l XCponOT C nOCO'lCHa pl!KaTa Bapnap. 110.
aKO 06 .. '1aCTIJ :\\I(ll<lKCIITllilil CC npOTcrilllil on OGCTC crpalill Ha nO,111110T TCK
Ha AKCIIJ. KOJa BO VI BCK 1'1 np:+.:cnc n ajoHllTc,'" ce 'IIIHIl nCKa Ti.lil 11C\ta ..1il
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KaKO 60TII3JC"II. a IICTO'IllIlOT C "pIIKnY'ICH "OH fo.lllrJlOllllp .. I3npO"C\I. II
CTHII'lKaTa npnna,ltHOCT Ha tl.lllrnolllrrc lie C cocCMa pella. 11<1"0 CC IIOBlnellil1
co TpaKIICKIITt:: cnopcn 1I0110lt1lC:+:llaT3 rCHC<lnorl ll,l, 130
!fa {PP'lnICK<ll'a MOK. a TOCI C nepnon npcJl 800 r . npcIlII.c .. I!MCTO fo. l nrJlOIi
(M uyvwv) c nOCBCIW'lCIIO "a KO JlOK'lJlI10. n 3 lIa 'IIITeJll IO nO}lOl(II<l. Kaj n J1lIl-IH).
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. (l >aKT C }lCKa no BPCMCTO Kora MaKCltOllltliTe cc Wllp<lT KOII lICTO}.;.
n aJoHIiTc }lp>Kcnc CnCl 1 1I0jac 3C\IJa 110 nOJ1)IOIH<lTa 1It1 J<lnaJtll<lTa CTpill1tl
Ha }lo.mUlOT TCK HCI AKCIIJ. on n Clla no MOpCTO, KOj. cllopeA T)KII/{IIA, KC ro
MaKe}lOllllIITC. 11 CTpa6011 Ja nOCO"l)Ba A'HpaKcIITIIIl<l KaKO
naJoHcKa. 1-{eMil CO\IHCI-IHC nCKCI OBIII! ce OIlHccYBarlT lIa VI BCK.
0AHOCHO Ha BPC\lCTO lIa "KIIC>KCBCKIITC" rp060BIi.
Bo CHaeTO neIlo "A Hi!>.lOr) of Macedonia" XaMOIIII1\Oara !to
KOHcTaTallllja }lCKa oJl550 ron. "PCll II.C. KaKO BO}le'IKa cnna BO nOlllllpO"II<rI
pernoll 11<1 }lOmIOTO n OBClPJt<lpjc cc janYHaaT n ajollllTc. II. "ClKO urro TOJ
06jacHYl1a. KonKY }la Gllnc lIorrypllaTIl KOH BlI<lTpeWIWCTJ 1I0}lllp"TIICOJ\OT
Ha TpaKIICKIiTC nnCMI!lb<l. n ajOl lllTC BPW3T npoJlop KOH Jyr. ro OCBOjYBiJClT
}lOJ111110T TCK lIa AKcnoc. ja Mllr}lOHllja II KpecTolIIIJfl "aKO II l!}lCII
nojac 3anCl}l1l0 OIl pCKaTa Bapnap co rpa}lOBIITe i-1 xHe 1\ n cna.}lOnHpaJKII AO
E r ejcKoTo Kp aj6pc>Kjc. MO>KC Jla CC 1l))II(paTIl }lCKa lIa onoj neplIO]l CC OJlliCCYBfl
l'paJ-tl!ltlljaT<l CO' lyBclll <l KaJ CTpa6oll. llcKa n ajoHllja Hc" o r aUl CC npOCTl lpaJl a
O}l n enaroll li ja ]\0 r1 I1Cp l' FI. O/IIlOCIIO Kaj n OJlll611YC 3a EMaTllja Ka " o
najoHCKa.
11
Z' Cnopen R. KaliCic. EnhclcJci. GODISNJAK. Knj. XV. Sarajcvo 1977.7, H,
'b KaKO !liTO MOiKC n:l ce lnKJly'II1 Cllopcn Sir. VII. fr. II
Hammond, M,I(cdonia. Volume I. 42K,
lJ', PIIIl .. N,II. HI ... I. IV 10. ])
-"I TllUl-. 2.99."
BIIJtI1 la6. 26,
"Volume 11.))" Volume 141X. l1oBI1Kyn<lJKI1 ce lIa Sir VII. fn.]1-: I 41. 1'hu).,. II. 99; Pol,
D.IOA.
21
HCM3 nCKn lIa oooj nepnon MO)l{C n
a
CC npJlnllUiC IInnano1'
Ha najoHlI1'c BPJ rpanoT nCplWT Hn Kpaj6pC>KjCTO lIa XcnCCIlOln'. K?ra IIa
rpan
OT
My lIaHcnc ronCM3 lUTcTaY n03HaT e YWTC CnCH Hanan lIa najOHllTc
Bp3 HaccnClIlICTO lIa rpanOT A6nepa. Oooj ycncanc. KaKO
WTO cc ocnn BO ncaHOT. na ru npoTcpaaT najOHCKIlTC on APyraTa
cTpaHa lIa ATOC. 1J ,UBaTa HaCTalili HC cc AaTHpallll, 110 co roncMa
BcpojaTHocT SPCMCIICKII ce nocTaoyoaaT npeA rp'IKO-nepCItCKI1TC oOjHII.
30WTO A6nepU;IITe rll rOHenc najolicKIiTe TOKMY no .ATOC? Aanll
3aToa WTO TOKMY TaMY 3ano'lHysa ""SHaTa 3CMp. Ooaa cc COBnara
co OA XepoAoT Kon ce oAHccysaaT lIa OPCMCTO Jano'myoa
nepcllcKoTO oCBojysalbe ua 080j npoCTOp. n03HaTo e nCKa najOHIiTC )l(IIOCCnc
lIa C3CPOTO npaclljana (flpaO/ar).:w Cc 311ac lfCTO TaKa ACKa rllllMano OKony
nallrcjcK,na fopa. CcoepHo on Hca ce npocTlIpanc neonmlTe II CIlPIIO-
najoHIlTc KOII Bnancene 00 paMHIIQaTa no Ha !lCTO'lIIaTa CTp,lIIa
Ha peKaTa CTPI IMOII co rnaSHIlOT rpan C"p" C, SCpOJ3TIIO nCIICUIHIl OT Cepcc.
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ll
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'ICKOP Ha n cpclljalll(IITC 61111 oCBojYBalbc Ha najoHcKuTC nllCMlliba. 1-10 HC
JapaJlII IIIIBHIITC y63BII II apcAl'I1! )KCHII, TYKy 3apanH Toa WTO najoHIlTc
npcTCT3sysane 311a'UITCnna ClIIl3.
J6
Co Hanpc.nYBalbC Ha Ifa OROj npOCTOp
naK CC cnOMeHYB3 najoHllja. I1MCHo, JlOJlCKa nepCltCKaTa JJOTa ra
3a0611KonYBalla XanKlfl\llK II c0611pana nyrc II 6PO)lOBI1 no naTOT KOH TCpMC.
car-1II0T KCCPKC, TprHYBajKII on AKaHT CC )lall)KCIl no CYB03CMHIIOT nOKYc naT
II MapwllpajKII BO Ilpaacu; KOH TCpMC MHHan npcKy n ajollHja (nmOJlw)1I
KpccToHlijaY MaKo IIC C jacHo Ifa KOj npoCTOp CC non nOI1MOT
,. najoIUija " KpcCToHllja" ccnaK Mopa na CC CMCTa I\CKa C Toa npOCTopOT
3anaJlHO 01\ BO npaacu; KOII TCPMC, rll C3cpaTa Gon6c II
Kopolilija.
AKO OOIiC nOl\aTOI(1I cc nOBOJIUli na nOKa>KaT Jl,CKa naj olillTc 130
BTOpaTa nOJlOBIHla lIa VI BCK Bnancene co Aon HOTO n osap.napj e 11 3CMjllTC
IICTO'llm 011 AKCIIOCHO YCTI1CTO Ha CTPIIMOH, Toraw H npoc'ropoT Iia YCTlICTO
22
11 Herod V. I.
)l Pindur! Carmina. II PUlOnes Abdcrilais 60-61.
" Bo TpynoT "Is Prasias Lake BUlkovo and is Dysoron Mount Krusa?" nPAKTIKA A911NA
1992,333 II II. 110Ka}K30 IIcKa n
paCll3na Tpe6a A3 ce uAeIlTlIIIIKyO:l co TaxlifiO.
11 Herod .. V, IS.
16 Hammond. Macedonia. Volume II, 57
1: Herod. VII, 124
lIa fanliKOC C llajoHcKO, nn cnopcn Toa \I CilliAocKaTa HeKpOnOJla. BaKSIiOT
JaKlIY'loK 611 onClI so npllllor Ha 3a nOnCMOT lIa CAua
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oooJ ncplioA naraaT 1l0'ICTOQIITe lIa najolicKoTO MOHCTOKOBalbC. CAlia BHCOKa
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n aJoHuTe.
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co IICTopHcKa OPCAHOCT KOl1 511 MO)KClIC lIa nOMorHaT so OCSCTnyoUlbCTO 113
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HC C ll anpaaCH 0611n CCCTpaliO na CC npOY"IaT II Aa cc YCTallOBIi
WTO CC ClIY'IYBUlIO BO McryopeMC. npl1Toa 5u Tpe6allO Aa cc liMa npcAmlA
ACKa OXplinCKIlOT pcrnoll cc lIaora Ha Mcfy nnnpcKlloT 3anaA II
neOHcKO-MaKcAollcKIlOT MCToK II Jyr, TaKa IDTO CC MO)KHII Mcfyce6HII
BnHjaHHja If nponopl1.
KaKO HajCTap HapOA 3a OXPIIACKIIOT pernOH CC op3ysaaT EllxcnCIiTC
(EYXfAftS) CnopCA npc.nallllCTO, q>CHII"IaHIlHOT KaAMO, OCHoaa'IOT Jla Tc6a.
II HcrosaTa )KCHa XapMollllja so nnU60KaTa CTapoCT 6nnc npllMopaHIl nu ja
HanYWTaT Tc6a II Aa cc 3aCOllHaT Kaj ElIxcnellTc. n OY'ICHIl OA npOpOWTI30TO.
ElIXCnCIiTC ro npII<f,>aTHne 3a CBOj Kpan II co HcrOBa nOMOW rll COa1l3naJle
HnllpuTC on Kon 11M CC 3aKaHYBalla onaCUOCT.
38
Bo MIiTOllOlUKOTO npCnalHlc HC cc cnOMcHYBa KaAc ce HaorallC Tile
EHxcnell Kaj KOII nOWOll on AanC'lIIaTa iicoTllja. Bo Xp"CTOnOp0I3110T
cnHrpUM, WTO HaCTalian lIa on V 00 VI BCK, co'lyoaH 00 AJlTonoruja
nanaTlHla on 980 r., cc cnoMcHyoa rpanOT JlilXJlHlI1I KaKO HcrOB OCllona"l C
nOCO'ICH <1>CIHI'13HCL\OT KanMO.
J9
360pysajKII 3a BojH3Ta WTO (1)1I1111T1 V ja
Bonen npOT11B HlIllpH're BO 217 r .. n Oll ll6nj 113BccTyoa nCKa so Taa np"nllKa
MaKCIIOHCKIlOT Kpall, nOKpaj APyruTc rpa},lOBII OKony llUXHllnCKOTO E3CpO.
ro OCBoun II EHxcnaHc.
40
CospCMeHIlK 113 H3CTaliOT, nonll 6uj HC 6n MO)Kell
\M Eunp. Bacchac, 1330 i n
19 Cnopcll KaliCic, EnhclCjci, 56.
..a Polyb., 5, 108. 8. HeKoll uaY'IIII111Il. Mcfy KOII II Hammond, Maccdonia Volume I. 94.
IIOllaTOKOT U3 nonll6uJ 1'0 CMCTaaT lleK3 ce O/lllecYU3 113 nneMe. a lie Ha rpa!l._ H Kalilic,
Enhclcjci. 55. CMeTa IlCK3 Enchelanes I Boioi lie ce rp31l0U11. TyKy Mann eTIIII'IKIl rpplll
23
na CIIOMHC rpan [Jon Toa liMe aKO T0.lllaBIICTlll1il li e L10CTOCJ1. OnOj flO/UITOII: I.'
311<l'mjll<l 1l0TBP11a Hc.! Ka ElIXC;neLiTC )l(L1Bl!CJIc.! OKOllY OXPIIIICKOTO EJcpo. 11
nCCYI10 -CKII\lHO. npcl1 Ita rll c nO\III C Et:XCJIC.IITC. BCJI!: IlCKa 110 Taa ]\.'\IJ<1 II\lil
CAIIO roncMo C3CpO KOC Kaj HIIB CC BilKa JlllxlIlITllna.
11 lIajcTnpJlo T 1I0,[lnTOK 3a EIIXCJlellTC (EYXfhlf) KOj nOTcKIIYlJa OJ{
XCKaTcJ. a cOI I)"ni.HI Kaj CTccl)aH lla cc Hi\
EHxenellTc oKony OXp",nCKOTO E3epo. - KOMcilTllpaJKII 1'0 OIlOJ n Oll<iTOII: lia
XCKaTcJ. KaTII'IIIK rLl nOL\lIp<l EHxeneliTc CCBcp03ana,[{ ll o 01\ nCKcapllTC 1\011
>KIIBCCJlC non rop,11'a Af-lIIp.Jl Ha\l eCTO CC BCPOII CTO'IHO OJlIIIIB. Bo TOj C.fIY'lal.
HIIBuaTa MCCTOnOJlo>K6a 611 cc conn araJia co npocTopOT IIa O\PllilCKOT()
E3CpO. Ha KOj cc oHllecYBClaT II npc TXO,[lHIlTC no.u<lTOl{11.
M erYToa. cnopcH e,ne H 1I0,uaToK KOj nOTc KHYBa on XCJlClIIIIK. Euxcncl!
>KIIBCCnC no o eoTllja. PaeKa)l(YBajKII JICKCl BO C3CPOTO Kona llJ(l liMa r OJIC\11I
jarYJlII. TOj ItaBCJl y aCl tlCKCl 6 COTJljCl ja .ny r c KOII CC BIIK3nc
Cllope,u 360pOT (EYXdvr) 3a pryna. Toa 5 1\ 311a'l CllO rlCKa
EIIXCll CIlTC OTTyK<I ro 110611nc 11f-l eTO, OtlHOCUO Jlyre-jary.n 1J I!JIII jarYJl apl1.
nallil OBOj 1i0rl<lTOK Tpe5a 11a cc C<IWTII K(lKO nOKa3 11 <lI!IIITC
EHXCllCII. Kaj KOII 1l0,uOL{lIa .!loara Ka,uMo. npB0611THO iKlIBccnc BO OcoTIIJa. <l
rw,!10l{lIa ce npcccn llnc lIa ccoep. li e 511 MO)l( eJ10 ria ce TBPrl lI . 110. Kora cc mta
npc,uBII,u ,uCKa KanMO 1wara Kaj EHxenellTc II rlCK<1 nOnOl{lIa
lIaoraaT "PJl5CiKIlIUTe II aK Kaj EHXeJIeIlTe. Tpc6a na cc KOHCT<1TIJpa ):1CK(l
nOCTocna HCKClKBa upc Ka. Koja li e Tpe6a ri a ce 3anOCTanll.
HCJ.WlIKY nOrlOL\HC)f{HIi nOrl3TOll,II KOII nOTeKllyn3aT Oil I V BCK III1HT:J\ly.
rII nOBp3YIJaaT EUXC.nCtlTC 3a PU30H II EyToc (BollOU!l) 11 3a pCKa-ra
nplIJ10H (6pIAwlI). TYKa KanMO ce jaaYB<l KaKO OCIlOBalJ H<.l EYTOC. T ,Bly TOj
ro .IloiK1IByaa CBOjOT Kpaj 3ae,lJ,HO co Xapf-lOlIlIja II ua TOj npoCTop cc lI aorane
HIIBIlIiTC ua,lJ,rp06HII cnOMCflIll{1I II CaCTIIJIiIWTCTO nocnCTCIl O lIa
Bo aHTI1 ' IKaTa IIcTopllorpa<p"ja e COllyB<lU 3Hal JIITCllCli 6poj 1l0nClTOLl,LI
WTO cc oAllccyuaaT lIa EUXCJIeLlTc. 110 II I [OKpaj Toa TIIC OCT<1llynaaT ll t:JIOBOJ]1I0
ocaCTneli II 3ara,u0'ICH uapoI I. HHAIIK3TI1BHa e HlllHiaTa n o jaBa OKOllY C3cpa
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24
'I Kati cic, Enhelejci, 53.
'2 Slcph. BYI .Ir 71 FHG i [03 Gr HI s!.. cnopcn Kati eic. Enhclcjci, 7 i 8.
., Kat ieic, Enhclcjci. R
u Ibid. 9.
Stcph BY/ . s\ Oovi)O)l; I M. Suit. Gdc sc nalazilo jczcro iz 24. pog!;I\'lj:l Psudo.Skilako\;i
GZMS. Sanljc\"o 1953,111 1111 ., rll cMcCTYBa EHxcnCII TC nO\lcry (\::;Illap 11 by.lIla:
Katlelc, Enhclcjci. 39; 11 <I> nana]Orny. I1 CTopllcKIIIlPUJl IlKII. 0\1'111.
Kllll ra IIpBa. OXPII;l 1985.70 1111 .. nOCBCT}Sa IHlJI\l all Il C lIa ElIXCJ1CIITt! KaKO
113 OXPlIllCKIiOT pernoll. p::a:+: ysaj KII II 113 n CCRllO,CKlIlIaKCOIJ" OT n CplIIllI ... OJ I'll .101!Up;1
IIa },CTJl CTO 113 [{punOH so JanpallcKO Mope.
II flllXHIIA II fiyroc. nl CIITC 1l 0ll,aTOLl,L1 BO cBojaTa CTYil uJiI la
EIIXClICIITC. K aTLI'IIIK yGenmmo I'll Lt1nIJoJYBa nOnaTOLl,IITC WTO 'I\IaaT pea.'1I1i1
ICTOp"CKa Bpell,UOeT OIl DIi Li C UlTO OeTi.IHYB33T BO 1l0MCI-IOT H<l MIITo.rlOrlljill<l
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uapon co rone\!a CTapoeT. npsoGIiTIiO TlIC HaJocpojaTHo :+::I1BCCJlC BO b eoTIlJa.
AKO BO npcnaHIIJaTa \lO>KC\le Aa rncna\IC KaKO Ha IICTop" CKa Tpa;UIII Li ja.
Toraw npCCen6aT<l lIa EuxcnCIiTC 00 O'\PIIACKIIOT peruoH TpeGa na ce noc-raSl1
BO 6 POH3CHOTO npCMC. n OToa cncJUI naTOT Ha K aJl,\lO II Xap\IOIWFI "'ilJ
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KanMcjL{IITC. J.1 oooj HaCTan ec CORnara co BPC\I CTO npCA ,uopCKaTa npcccn6a.
Ja KOj 113BCCTYBa
Bo OXPl1,[lCKII OT PCrJlOII EHxcnCIITC cT3HysaaT coce,ull Ha XaOHCll:lrre
llCKcapn. KaKO 111'1'0 coonUlTysa XCKaTcj. AKO CC 3cMe l1peABltll Oll:OnIiOeTa
IUTO nOJ1, OIIIlCiKIIIITC 113BOP" 311aaT Ja ElIxcnCII Kaj PLl30li \I 6 YTOC. 6lL
Tpe6aJlo Aa cc CMeTa lIa 1II!Blla npcccn6Cl lIa JanpaHCKOTO Kpaj6pe:+::j c. C'c
l!Hlll! ,uCKa apXCOllOUJKIITC II CTp a:+:: y aalba MOiKaT lla <ppnaT CBCTJII U!<l Bin
llp06J1CMOT. Bo KynTyplill OT pa3Boj Ha pcrllOHOT 3aGcnC>KaliO C I1CII:a no
OxpnnCKo noeTapaT<l Oil iKCllC3HO SPCMC II. Bo T<lll:1I11
npllJI HKII 0611'1110 ce CMeTa co npoMcll1I so CTII L1'IKIlOT COeTas Ha 113ccnCIILlCTO.
AKo II 80 OBOj CllY'laj MO:.KCMC na ro npll\ICIIIIMC TOj npllHlllHl. Toa Tpc6a na
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MO)Kc611 lIa OBa BPCMC CC onHCCYBa no,uaTOKOT Ha CTpa6oll. KOj. 360pyoaJKII
3a Blla ErtlaTlia Benll: "AKO TprHCUI no TOj naT Oil OKonllHaTa Ha EllllflaMllOC
II AnOJIOHllja. HCCHO KC OCTaliaT c nllpCKIITC nnaHIIHII KOII CC MIiJaT Oll
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lIJIaHIlHIl 3a KOll 360pYBaMe (ec Ha KallllaBIi CKIITC) 11 COCelllL L1 Te lIiI
HIIB oTKaj MaKenoHllja 11 najOHIITc".47
llaJIII OBIIC najollll MOiKaT)la cc nOLl,lIpaaT OKOllY OXPllrl CKOTD EJepo')
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OCll06a'i lIa J1IIXIIIlJl. II J)\TOC.I 3a ElIxcnCIiTe DO 6cOTlIJ1l. 1-:::1J 1-::011 tJ:1W,1C )aCOJIIlllUlTt'
on:aKO 6n,;e IlrOTcpall1l OJl. ElllirOllllTe. DO lIajllOUO BpeMC 1II111l}Uil M B
Sal..cllariou. Belwccn r.. lcmllr) ;md Ob[lvlon. ME AETHIIMATA 12. 1990.2101111
l-I acralloT ro aaTilpa c. 12.50.
.: VII. 7. 4
A}.;o c Toa TaKa. Toa 611 Tpe5ano JHa'1II }lCK;] 110 npcccnGal'a 11<1
,- 6 na cc coanara co MaCOLlI-I<lTa Mllrl)'l !'1
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6
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I t no CACH 31W'II1TcnCli CKOHOMCKII paCT 'AO OKOny
, 'V BaTa 1I0J10BIIHil Ha IV Be K nacTall YIJi1 YUITC ClleH nl)ell:
"'paJoT 11<1 BeK. BO lip < < IIH
pa3110j
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BO KYllTYPllllOT < ' <
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II HIIBltaT<J eKcnaH311ja /I BO Tile OKonHOCTIl cera
cc nOMccTyuaaT KOII ccncp. ro lIace.nynaaT KpaJ. a n ajOl-lIlTe
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BO rIJTa lHll lCKaTa 3a.l\ lIlIIla. Ce CMeTa ACKa 110 OKOJIllliaTa Ha PCCCII no HCII 3BCCHO
BpeMc )l{IIBCC.nC 6pllrll II BO TOj Kpaj CC npCTnOCTanYBa I(CK<l CC IIfl orana
6pyu.IIJta. (IIMC 11 3BCHCHO Oil: CTIIOHIIMOT 6p,lIrcc). BO ,,:nopl1
3a5c.nc>Kalla KaKO lllutallO lIa Mcry MaKCAOlIlIJa II Elillp. M crYToa.
CIIOPCP; 11m. Ant .. TyK<I Tpe6a Aa cc nOL(lIpa CKllpTlijaHa. CT<l llIl qa l1a Bll a
ErH<lTlICl Y A naK CTccpali BII 3aHTIICKil rll CMeTa CKllpTlljali liTc 3<1 n<lj mlcKo
nnCMC.
AKO fII cnpOTlIBCTaBIlMe OHlie nOjlaTQu.II . MQ)KeMe Aa 3aKnY'IIIMC neKa
no npcccn5aTa 11<1 op"rIlTC. lfaKO J.{en OJ.{ HIIB OCTalian lIa OBOj npOCTOp. cera
npCJ,l HOCTa C Ha C1'paHaTa Ha n ajoHIiTC. na uenllOT nOTer on )J.CJJaro)l{Il.a II
Tpc6cHIIWTa. npcKy Peccil Il.O 'ucypllon, 80 VI BeK rnaBIiO e lIacenCI! co
najolicKa nonynaL(IIJa.
26
., Hammond, Macedonia Volume I. 412.
JY 3 .
a OBOJ upo6ncM 350pYBaM 80 TpYAOT: nplIlI Or KOII npoY'lyaan,eTO lIa 3all,l!lIW
MaKC'[{OIlIlJa BO pallan ailTIlKa. KYJ1TYPHO HACJ1EJ],CfBO 1811989. CKollJe 1991
711 lI.
Str. VII, 7. 8; Illn. Hlcr. 607. 2, enopcA <I) rJana:JOrny. MaKc110llcKII rpalloall Y plt\ICI\O
l{06a. CKOIIJC 1957. 195. 3a6. 45 II 48.
MlkuJicic, Pclagoni)<J Scirtn . '. "
, , n,1 Ja nOll llpa Kaj r eecH. BII1I.1l Ja IIpllno:+:c naT<l Karl ,1.
ClIopeA I Kal{apOH. n COl/ II$1 , CO<pII$l1921, 35.
nEJlArOlll1JA
WTO cc OLtliccysa no lI a Il.ClleWHa n cnaroHIIJa.
lie C T011KY KO\I!l11I1L(lIpall KonKY UITO lIa IIpn nomcn lI'JrJICna. n oCnCno'lellII
BO aH1'Il'lKIlTC 113801''' II IW CIIIlrpaCKI1 TC cnOMCHlIlllI. 1') J...:a CC nOnllpi-l!IC
lIa n cnarOIlIlJa. llCYPIIOII II flIlHKCCTIIJ],a. n CJlarOHIiJa J<I
3aq,aKana M aplioaCKaTa 06nac1'. BKnY'lynaJKII ro II PCfllOHOT Hi.l npll11CII. a
MO)f{c611 II Ll,C6PCIlI1'C. KaAC C nocBCAO'ICH KYJlTOT Ha 1'cca.IJCKOTO 60:+:t::CrBO
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AJIKOMCH3 (Na).,\'Op'l'U'I, 6Y'lIlII) II CTII 6cpa Cf.w/3'lpa. Cc '1111111
rt
eK3
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nojY)f(IIO 011 611'1'011<1. IIeKanc BO BTOpaT<I 110nOBIIII(1 lIa V BCK flllllKCCTIITC .::. C
ce npolllllpaT KOII CCBCp. TaKa UITO KaKO lIajccaepHa TO'lKa Ha flIllIKCCTlI lI<l
MO)f{C na ce CMeTa XcpaK.ncj;:1. Bo Kn aCII'IHIIOT nep"OA, rpaltllllaT(\ \I eI')
nllliKCC1'IIlta II n cnaroHlija KC ja 11111111 EpltrOHCKOTO 611<11'0.
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II apxeo.noul KII IIOTnpIl.II. ltI 3pa3111' npll\lep c .nOKanllTCTOT TYM6a Kaj Pa;{oGop
K<JAe e KOHcTaTllpana MOKlia lIaccn6a co 113pa311TII napallcnll BO llOJIlIOTO
f1 oBapllapje. nll Bllj rll B6pojyBa ACYPIIOnJlTC Mcry najoHcKIlTe a
Toa TII C BepojaniO 6 11l1e OTCCKorauJ.
Ll,a ec 1I0TCCTIIMC II lI a nO/t aTOK01' 1111'0 ro llaBa Xm.u;p. EJlcll on
npcll80AIlIfU.UTC Ita n ajolHiTc nolt Tpoja. ACTcponaj nOil (- a
on 60raTaTa n ajollllja. ltI aKo C Cll lilia n c.neroll (n ,]J.tywv). a BHYK I\ a PC'IIIIIOT
60r AKClij. TOj ja noco' IYBa llajoHlija KaKO cBoja TaTKOBIlHa. E. n CTpoBa
IIOMllcnYBa Il.CK<I ACTcpoilajoBl rre il ajollil Il.Oar aaT OIl. CenCplJII 1'C IlpOC'l'Opll
lIa n ajoHllj a, on II 1.11 a III 1 KaKO P".QCCTII II nnOrtlHI. 3<1 pa3nllK<l O.Q Il ajoltllTc
npCrt SOnC1l1l on IlllpexMcc, KOII rtoaraaTOll AMII1l 0H Ha WIiPOKIiOT
B. ollTpa"oua rp01AaIlOH<l. rI pll.nor 0 pC.nIlfl1J II II YMCTJl OCTIl Y n eollllJII. JKA. 1'0/1. 41
2. C" o llJe 1992.67 II 1/.
Sir. VII. 7. 9,
Hammond. Volume J. 297 I 298.
'Li\'. XXXIX. 5.l
'71.:. rJ CTP08iJ. fi aJOIICldlTC nJtCMlliba II naJOIICKOTO "panCT80 80 1111 I \lIL'lCIlIlY" IIpcn
H.C .. MACED. ACrA ARCHAEOL. Gp. 12. Ct-.:ollje 1991. 12.
27
nOfPEIiYBAI-bE
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apxeonOlUKllOT M<lTCplijan. IIC1'II01' yenDs 611 Tpe6ano JW ce OnllccYB<I II IlJ
COBPCMCHIITC apxajcKIi HCKpOnOJHI BKJlY'ICIIII 110 HaWCTQ paJrJICItynCllbc.
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cocToj6a. I1ITO OCT3Bano ua OCT3TOlJ,1I 0.0; cnanCH" nOKojllIlUIi. EACH
nojaccH no.uaToK nOTcKilysa O.u BYJlIIKeslioT rp06 X, 3a Koro C KaIKailO llCKa
KOCK II TC CC lIajllcHIl c06paHli BO IlJlIITKa 6pOil3cHa IJ ll llllja II OKOJlY IiCc! II
npliToa c YCT3110BCII0 .o;CKa ce pa60TII 3a )KCHeKa IlIlJl lIBlillya YMp Clla lla
B03paCT 011 2024 lie C n03HaTO I1aJlII KoeKIiTC 611ll C lIaropcHIL HO
IIIIRHOTO npllcycTBO lIa C.uCH Kyn IIaBcCTYBa BaKBa MO)f(IIQCT. KOCKIITC BaK{l
e06palill MOlKaT .ua IICKa cc pa60nl 3a npcTxoAllO norpc6yn<l H)c. 110
HCMa IHl /HII(lHI 3a CCKYH.uaPHO Cnopcn UpTC)KIITe lIa W KOplHlll.
rp06?BIITC II VII. uno TOj caMIlOT rll OTKPII JI, COAP)f(CJlC eKeJlCTII tI{l
n OKpaj Toa, OIl CKCJlCTIiTC lIa rpo6oBIITC
o.u l . V ce 03113
1
lCIHI co IIonc6cJl II JlIIHIIIl, WTO 611 Tpc6aJlo na 3H,1' 1II nCKa TOJ
rll KOBCTaTllpaJl.
28
,. Bymlh 19.33. 51129, C'I_ 32.
.. Filow o.c. Ann. 8 j Abn. ,),
l1 HTepeClia e OKOllllOCTa IUTO Kaj CIITC norpc6YBa.ba ec pa60TII 'j;1
eAHOCTaBIlO BKonaHII ja\1I1. cea 2.20 x 1,00130 M. PaenOpC)lOT Ha
nplln0311Tc C TaKon 1111'0 rOlleMIlTC 6polneHlI canOBIi ee nOCTaneHlllla \!CCTQTQ
Kalle 6n Tpc6ano lla cc 1I03CTC. a JllaTlIlITC 1\ cpe6peHI1Te npen\lcTI! lIi1
CnpOTl!BllaTa CTpalla KallC 611 Tpc6ano 11a 6 11Ae fnaBaTa.
h
OpIiCHTal{lIji.lTa
lie e CTPIiKTHO cn33YBillla. Onllc KOHCTaTal{11Il npoll3J1crYBaaT Oll "cKony.
oall.aTa ua BynllK.
fpOOUll co BaKBIl AItMCllJltIl HaBceTyaaaT AeKa BO HilS e 113BPlllCliO
CKcneTHO norpeOYS3lbC. On Apyra CTpaHa. "pIiCYCTaOTO Ha nOrO!lCMI!
Konllt.JIIHII jarneuocallo Apso r l! "anclle Aa npCTnOCT<lBaT Ac",a
Tpe6eHIIlllKI1TC nOKojllllll,l\ ollnc lIorpe6YBallll no npBeHII KOBlIC311 ,UYPI! C
IloMllcnYBaHo neKa 3J1aTIIIITe MacKllollnc 3aKOnaHI1 np3 HllB. MHoryopojllllTc
nplln0311 lIocTaBY8alill no rp060BIITC. npllToa npCAMeTl! co
(KpaTcp" , XlIllp"lI. TPOHOII<1II1K), YKalKyuaaT llCKU \I ca\lJlTC KOUlle31! llManc
IUTO 611611110 BO CKn aA co RCnll'II1113Ta ua rp061!11TC
Li.eKa BO Tpe6elllllUT<l HaBIl CTlllla MOIKC Aa ce paoonl Ja npeeHII KOU'IC'.!II.
cera Mo)t(e na ce T8pnll co cllrYP"oeT. co 1l 0janaTa Ha BaKBII KOU'leJII
80 CllllnOCKaTa
n03HaTO C lleK3 npll OTKplIBaH,CTO lIa Tpe6eHIIWKilTe rp000811 ec
113BanCHIl rOnCMII Konll'lIIHIl KaMCII. Onaa OKOnHOCT HanCnYBa lIa nO\lIIcna
nCKa co Hero OIlJIC ocl>opMelll1 rp06HIITe JUMIt. aHaJlorliO lIa rp060BIITC 32 II
33 OTKPIICHII on B. naXTOIJ.',1 Cflopcn omlCOT Ha H. BY1lIlK. np3 rpoGoT X cc
uaoraJl CJloj on ryeTo uapc11clI Ka\lCII, nc6en (8I1COK) CAeH MeTap \I lIa lHIOTO
nOl1l1paJl no caMIITC rp061111 np"JlOJIl. Hacnaru KaMCH elloMcllyn<l II
JlaxToB, ua KOII llallWOn IIPI! COHn3IKHIITe IlCKonYBalba Ha Cyaa Ll cw\ta. HI!
e MOIKIIO na cc yeTaHoBII K3Ksa q,opMa UMano OBa Haellnysa.be Ha rpo60BltTC
co rOJleMIi HaeJla rJl KaMCH. Il c C IICKllY'ICHO ACKa 6 11nc Kynoll<1cTO Ocl>OPMCIlIl.
JlaxToB liMa KOllCTaTllpaliO rpyna rp060BIl orpaAcl-lli co KaMCllCH Sill{. KOJ
lloTceTysa Ita TyMyn co rOJlCMl1 nIlMeH31t11. H aKo noeTOClbCTO TyMylll! olB
KHC)I(CBCKIITC rp060BIl li e MOIKC W:I cc nOTuplllI. Taa MOIKHOCT HC Tpe6a A"
61l11e coeCMa II CKJl Y'lelia. Ila OBa ynaTYBa noeTOClbeTO lIa TyMyll BO coecnlla
ACJlaroIK}la. Ita KOj KC cc ocnpllCMC nOll0l{Ha. KaKO WTO C n03HaTO. 60raTIITC
"Klle)t(CSCKII " r p060BII cc OTKPIICIIII no nBC rpyllll, nOCTaoeHII no pellosl!.
Mcrycc6HOTO pacTojaHll c Ila rp060BlITC on nCCCTIIHa MCTPII }lasa
npOCTOp CCKOj rp06}la 6 11AC orpancH co llCHCU II K3KO TaKOS npe1 cTaBys:1
TyMyn co enuo norpe6YBalbe, IUTO MO)Ke na cc O'lcKysa KaJ rp060nilTc 11<1
nOKaJl llaTa BnanCaqKa KaCTa.
N., Bymln 1933.4 II 11. OBa floce6110 ro lIarnaCYB3,
$INDOS
(,I Ouoj ro 06J3RC1t no noson 113JlO;t;03T3
, Jl a:noB- Kacremll\. o.c. fiJIan II
29
a nCKfi nor pe6YUalb<lT<llla .,KHC>KCBCKI
O
O}l(CliOTO npOlnJ1crys, < ITc"
A 11311 DIJIl/CHI! no naT 113 !lITO MDiKe .
6
0 TpCGCIIIIWT<l CC 113 ild
rpo OBII B '"' OCTtlH<JTHTC. T.II. "CIlPOM31111111" fl)050
o OKOJlIIOCT<I ac < < 1111
ce nOTop.n
1l
C C a L!ewt-Ia CC co CKcnCTHIi norpc6yua, "
II MCCIlOCTa yo. < hd
OTKp"CIIII He n IIWhpJJ311 KaMCH. npCTC)KIIO OB<lJIl/ll no (1)01)'" .
r 6
liTe cc A}OpMltpallll 0 < 'i' T LI . ,
po DB '-I. 6ysaibaTa lIa pll CIbYCTII 1\ BPT ' "
\ eH C cnY'IIlJOT II co norpe }JhKd
f .IlCKU<lT paeliOH Ha IIcrllTe ce JlBII)I'" Ott VII no v BCK. UlTo 311"'11;
Ka,ne XPOIIOJlOW pe6YSClIbaT " K
T 80 p"Tva1l0T Ha nor , a. onl\y IfII '
TlCIGl nOCTOII KOIITIIUYIITC C
, 0 p"nCKIlOT pefUOI! ue C KOHCTaTllpall3 KPCMal.{lIja
lIaM 1l031JaTQ, 80 '( , .
OIWJTHOCT KOJil 611 Tpc6aJIo Ail ce liMa npeJlBIIA
!-fa HCKpOnOnJTJ Cn. IIJlJlja Kaj ,UeJlarolK,ua. HeJI,mCKY Oil TpC6CI!IIIJJTa.
, norpc6YBaibe OA BpCMeTO Ha .. KUC>KCBCKIITC' rp060B1I1..j
OTKpllelW C CltIlO' . , . , .
" " e pa60T!!:Ja TY"YlI ocpopMeH co BCHen on KpyncH KaMe II 80
80 OBOj cnY'/aj c, ' .
cc
113BPUJCIII! IIcKonKY norpe6yB<lI-b<1. ElICH rroG e ItCJlYM![O
IIcrOBllTe paMK" .
CO'lYBall. npyr Jlla'III1'enliO Toa e rp060T 84 BO KOJ C norpc6all MalK,
IlP" WTO e ,il,anlpall e BO 520-500 r, npeJ\ H,c., IUTO
31-1a'lIl nCKa C cOBpcMeH Iia Tpe6eHllwKIITC.
AKO ce npllJtP:+:yBaMc no Ha'IlWOT Ha norpc6yB<llbe KaKO npaBlIno 1<1
onpCllcnYBalbC IIa CTHlI'lKa1'a npllna.!l,HOCT Ha norpe6eHIITC, ToralU Tpc6a
Tpe6cIIIIUlKII1'C nOKOjllllUIf na /"II np"nlIWCMC Ha CAlia lIonYJlaUIIji1, a
nOKOjHIIKOT ollllcJlaro:+:na, norpc6cH nOA TyMyJJ, lIa APyra. 110, lIa RaKBa
MO)fOIOCT ce cnpOTIfBCTaByna OKOJIHOCTa WTO ABCTC HCKponOllll np"llaraar
lIa CnCH rcorpaq)Clol pemOH Mcryce6Ho OTBopeH. WTO 360pYBa nCKa 130
nepllOllOT Kora ce 113BPlllCHil florpe6yoalbaTa TOj 6Ull OllaJlcall on t!lllla
nonYllal{lIja. D6jacuyoau.aTa ua oaKBIlTC nojaBIl 611 Tpe6allo na cc BapaaT 130
3a'IYBalla1'a Tpa,QIlI\lIja Kaj CnHlI1! npllcpaKaH.c Ha HOBIIIIII Kaj IIpyrll nOCJlIIHl\II.
BnpO'ICM, ,QBCTC IlCKpOnOnll BO apxajcKlloT rll Bp3YBa pllTyanoT 113

Ha HCKponon3Ta BO n CTlIllcn-ocpaHt(1I C,QIIHCTBCIIOTO norpc6ya31Lc
3a KOC 311aCMC C 113Spilleil0 110 naT H3 I<peMaqllja. OJ]; cnanC.IaT3
nOKojHIlu.a CC co6pallil BO 6POfl3CIl KpaTCp 130 KOj CC cTanCII II lIaKI[T01' II
3JfaTilaTa MJCKa. n OKpaj KpaTcpOT ce CT3BCHII OCTaHaTIlTC rpo6J111 npJlJl0311.
DBa IIorpc6yBcube Ha 6cpallc
'
IKaTa HeKponon3 HC 611 Tpc6allo Itcl (illllc
Ll,o KOJIKY nocTojaT YUlTe "nplmqoBcKIl" rpo6oBIl. IIl1e IIC 3HaCMC
IIa KOj 113'lIm ce norpe6allll, 110611 Tpc6aJIo na nCKa c np"MCIlCT
I!CTIIOT pllTyan. McrYT03, HeKponollaTa Ha KallC C
KOHcTaTlipaHo 1<0HTlIHYlipali0 norpc6YBalbc on 1l0ll,HliOT VI na AO CPCllllfl3Ta
30
,\ Ky3\1JII , TplI lleJbYCTlI1I BPTYJbKJ, 54 1l1i.
1>.1 6IrrpJKOB<I rpOl,1a lloaa, Ca. J111llja, 87.
MIlr.;yn'lIIh, ApxajcKe lIeKpollolle, 911"
lIa III BCK. liMa nanClio IIIITCPCCIHI nOn3TOllll33 nplHIC11a 11<1
KPCMlILJ;lIjaTa II IIIlXYMaUlljaTa. TaKa. rp060T 33. naTllpllH KOH KpajoT Ull VI
BCK, e CKenCTeli. nOnCKa rpoGOT 44 on IICTOTO BPCMC C
CliHAocKaTa IIcKponolla IIC C 05jaBclia co nOTpc5HaTa nOKYMclITallllJil
Koja 511 Tpc6ano Aa naAC IIHq)OpMalVIJI 3a Mefycc6HlloT OnHOC Ha rpo50slITC.
ocoGelio OHlle Ha KOII MO:+:C Aa 11M CC IIpllllII llIe enllTCTOT .. KHCiKCBCKIC, IICTO
TaKa Hlle HC 3HaCMe WTO Conp)l(ClIC npyrllTc rp060Sil KOII He ce 60
KaTanorOT. Mery KOll611 Tpc6ano na liMa II Muory 1I0CKPOMtIII norpc6YBall.a.
KYCOTO 113BCCTYBalbC Iia IICTpa:+:yna'IllTc 1I0Ka:+:),sa ,[tCKa CIITC norpc6Y6all.a
CC 1136pWCIIII no II aT f1a III1XYMallllja. PaJJ1I1KaTa e caMO BO TllnOT IIC\
rpoGoBIiTe. 130 llajroncM 6po; 3acr<lnCIlII cc 1(IICTll KOHcTpYllpaHl1 on KaMCl1II
nnO'II!, nOKplicHIl IICTO TaKa co rtJ10'1I1. I-ICKOJIKY norpcGYBalha cc 1l3aplUCIIII
BO rJlllHClII1 CapKo{l>a311-JlapHaKCIl co pcnjc{IJilo yKpaccHII C1'pallil. V13BCCCII
Gpoj ce co ApaC1l1i KOB' IC311, a IJCKOII ce Cl\1I0CT<lBHII rpoGull Y1
1l0KOjHIILJ;IITC BO MIIKpa KapaGypYH cc IJOrpC6aHli BO KaMCHl1 I.\IICTII.''''' Y1CT e
CJIylJajOT co 1I0KaJllITCTOT 3CJlCIIIIUlTC BO BaJ1aIlAOBO \I Kaj CMOKBLIl(a, rJlOC-
rp'IIIWTC II MlIlll(1I Kaj rCBrCJIIlj3. KallC rpo60BIITC on VIII V BeK BCyWliOCT
npeTCTaBYBa3T KOIITIWYllTCT lIa norpc6yaall,aTa OIl nOCTapOTO )Kcnc:mo
OPCMC II Toa BO UIICTII K3KO TI1I1 lIa rpoGHa apxlITcKTypa.
ti1
GBlle OTKpllTlija nOKa:+:yoa3T ACKa BO BTopaTa n0J10BIIHa lIa VI II
Ha V BCK norpc6YBalbCTO BO rp060BII OA TlmOT UIlCTIl e onUiTO
npllcpaTeH Ha'lIIl! Ila norpe6YBalbC. KaKO 1I0CnCnllLJ;a H3 BlIllJ3HIIJaTa on Jyr
LJ;IICT3Ta CC jaBya3 co MIlKCIlCKliTC npOllopli BO pa3BlleHOTO :+:cnC3110 BPCMC
KaKO nOMIIH3HTHa rp0611a apxlITcKTypa, C cpaKTOT nCKa IIpOnllpa
KOH ceBep BO HCTOTO 8pCMC. co HCKpOIlOnllTC Kaj rcarcnllja.
MapBIlHLJ;1I II .Il.e,QClllI. CTlirHYBa BO I1cTo'lHa MaKcnoHllja " 80 CKonCKIiOT
penlOH YWTe 80 TCKOT fla V II SCK. Kaj norpc6YBalbCTO 00 .Il.CJIarO)K]llI
cpCKa03MC TyMyn KaKO TpallllLJ;1I0llallHa rp06Ha apXIITCKTypa OJ], 6POll3CIIOTO
BpeMC, no co CKCllCTIlO norpcGYBaH.c, AnCKBaTHO norpe6YBaH.c nOH Manu
TyMyllll. KaKBO llITO C o"a BO )lenaro)l(na. ce cpCKaBa Ha fleKpOnOllaTa
Kaj ConoT, ceBepHO on Bellce, flO rp06011IlTC cc HCWTO nOCTapll11 co 1I011lJaKBa
rpoBfl3 COHP:+:IIHa.
10
M 11CTII01', JCII1I3 all1'II'I1I:3 IICKpollona, 139. ila ce IIOTeeTlIMe IICK3 He MHory 1I0cr:lPltTC
norpe6YBalha nOli 1'YMynoT 113 coceAlllIOT nOKaJ1ltTeT 811eOIl ee CO IIIlXyMllpaulI
1I01l:0JIIII1\11.
BIIAII 3a6. 61
"" Rcy. ALBANIA 3, Fig 42, ALBANIA 4, Fig. 2 .
.... i'eoprllcl!. lIa pallaTa ;HIT!!Ka. 64, 65.
lieKpollonaTa 11<1 nOKanllTCTOT Lla61t1l1t .wJ c. ConOT. npece'lclla eo aBTonaTOT, e
IICTpa)l{ysalla 0/\ CTpana lIa P. fiallJlIK II Ll. MIITPCSCII:II. PC3ynT3TIITe lie ce 06J<lOCIlII
31
6
a
KOil np"naraaT Utt lIeTOTO
3
HIITC norpc yarub " .... ,
a cllpoMaUl Cyaa l.leLl IMa. fplI LIe}1 yc
, CKponOJIIiTC H{\ , Til II
lIajJlo6pa C!lIII\." JHlBttttT II aaToGII'IHII rpo6Hlljar-llI. O{I>OPMCIIII Olt IIacllp.fJilH
BpTyn,,,a. ('liTe npcTcT,wys" a X)' \I"II co OPIiCIIT,HlIIJa JyrOIlCTO,,-
6
6' I CIICTe\1 Tlin H, .' . -
"aMCH C) oeo C! - . onOJlII BO ncnarOJlIIJtt. KttKQ I[ Olllle 1\011
I t CTOBPCMCHIiTC HCKP
CCBCpOJanan. e pa3JlIIKyoaaT no COOIlTe lIa1\BopCIlHIII
. aTa anT!!";}' lie c '
nplinaraaT lIa pau< < , MeHO ce HauAYBa ua nOMaCIlBli1l rpo6111l
6cnC311. oeHeB WTO nOBpe,
"
KOHCTPYKUIIII. -
32
I naXTOB.Kacrc.'1It1I,o.C. n ,1aIl Il: KPMall, Tpil l.l eJbYCTIlIi BpTyJbK<l . 14 II 11.,llPTeiKIt \.9.
1 Mm(yn'mh,JeAII3 311T11'IKa lIeKpollona.139" 141.
KOMnAPATHBHA AHAJIH3A HA
APXEOJIOIUKHOT MATEPHJAJI
Co OTKpHBalbCTO lIa Tpc6c""IIIKaTa IICKponona l-IeKOI! aTpaKT1I131111
apxeOnOUlKJI HaOJlII ce nOIlBprtla1'lIlIa [IPOY'IYBaJ-bC Koe npeTclKHO cc O,ltHCCYBiI
lIa nOTcKnoTO, CTlinOT [I xpOllonOUlKaTa ,lteTcpMIIHau;uja, npc,lt cc OA CTpaH<I
Ha Dor,!laB <1>unOB, a 1\ 011 Apyrn HaY'IHIIU;II. OC06CHO BIIIIM(lIIllC C
nOCBeTCI-lO Ha 6POll3CIIIITC caAOBI! - KpaTeplI, XllnplIlI, OjHOXOI!. cpe6pcHlITC
ncxapu 1\ PIITOHI!. npaBClII1 cc 06nAII BO TOJIKYBal-bCTO Ha 113BCCHII npcllMcTIi
HaMCHa cc nOKalK"a K3KO IIcjacua. Oco6cllo 3Ua'laeH C np"CTalloT KOII
pa3pewYBalbC IHI npo6nCMOT Bp3aH 3a 3n3THilTe MaCK I!. ll)nO)Ken BO CTYAllj<lTi.l
113 B. nonOBIlK. McrYToa, 06CMIIOCTa II pa3110p0111-10CTa Ha rp06""T!! np"1l0JII
On apxajcKIITc 1l0rpc6YBall,a, 011 OXPII)lCKIIOT penlOH, nenaroHllja II
XaJIKIIAIIK, oco6cIIO no OTKp"BalbeTO 113 CIIHAOCKaTa HCKponona, 6apaaT
CCCTpaH3 aHanll3a 113 apxconOUlKIlOT M3TCp"ja1l, 3a WTO ce IIYBCTBYBa ronCMa
lIoTpe6a.
GC3 npCTCII31111 3a ACTaJII13 al1311113a, on Hawa rnClIlia TO'lKa KC CC
3aAp.!KIIMC lIa OHlle rpynll [IPC)lMCTIi KOII, KaKO uno Ke BII)lIl\lC, CC
1l3pa6oTYBallll BO nOKanli1l II 'llIja AIICTPu6YU;lIja e rJlilBIiO
opr3Hll'ICiia lIa nojollcKIiOT npOCTOp. 3a nOKa1l1-l0TO nOTCK1IO lIa HeKOI!
npC,[IMCTII BCKC CC 11 3jacIIIIJlc HCKOI! l1 HaWIiTe IICTpa)KYBall.a CC
,[IBIDl(aT BO OBaa lIaCOKa, cMeTajKlI lIa r..1O)KlIOCTa )lCKa TOKMY OBIIC HaO/11I
MO)K3T Aa pa3jacliaT IIp06J1Cfo.lII np3allll 3a KOpeHllTe, MaIiIlCI)CCTaJIlilITC II
AYXOBIl IIOT .!K1180T lIa Jl OK3J1I1I1TC nonYJla 1..\1111 KOII npOll3ncrYBaaT OJ{ H IIIUlIlO'!'
CYWTeCTBell O)lIIOC KOII )K'IIBOTOT II CTCIICIIOT 113 KY1ITYPHIIOT 1\ CKOIIOMCKIIOT
pa3BOj.
r - -,
BOEHA OnPEMA
lJJflEMOBII
J..1CT3Jo.:HJTO \ICeTO HJOAIITC O,ll npOCTOrOT WTO C "pCAMeT 113
H31UIITC IICTpa)Kyualb3 11M IIplinara H3 6POlf3CHIlTC wnCMOBII. KOlKO 1111'0 C
n03H31'O On CTPY'IH3T;) IlIiTepaT)!>a. OTKP"CHII ce 80 3Ha
t
lllTCJlCH GpOJ . On
Tpc6CHIIWTJ lloTCKHyuaaT 8 npIIMCp0l..\JI. OTKPilCHIl no CnCH 130 rpoGoBlITC
Oil I Kaj c. JI,cnaro)KJlJ Kaj CTpyra OTKPIICII e eACH wnCM K;)KO npll1l0r
BO norpe6yHillhC 11011 TYMyn.
74
HaOADT 0.1\ PClIlIua CO,up>K1I CACII nplIMcpm:, '
Bo n cnaroHllja cc lIajAcl/1i ABa 6POll3CI-IJI WJ1CMil: II Toa encB BO GYKPI! 11
eAcH BO oa611110.71> Bo CIII1}10CKliTC norpe6YBaJba HaJACHII cc 5 llInCM0l311 II Toa
BO rpo6oBilTC 25. 59. 62,105" 115,77 Bo KoncKUlijaTCI CTaTJToc. o5jaBCH<l on
CTpaHCI 113 n. AMauAPII. CC HaOl'a CnCH !liJler.! OTKPJlCH Ha 80
KO]le .. Kancnonynoc cc '(ysa CACH 6POll3CH wnCM ua KOJ C CO'[YS<l1-!
J
' n ' " " B 6
HaTnllC H<l KOpm[TCKIl anqn16cT:" ac np"naraM Ha aJol!. 0 rpo OT III ou
. ..
HCKpononaTa Ita M[[Kpa KapaGypYH. HaJAcH e eACH [[pm[CpOK. 0 UpKB<lTJ
Arlloc n apaCKcsllC BO ConyH HajAcHII CC Tpll wnCMa. 3a CAIIIIOT HC C lIaBCnCH
GpOjOT H3 rp060T. a 3a IlPYfllTC e PC'ICHO ACKa ce OTKP"CIIII 130 rp060BIITe
23411290.' enOPCA AMaHAPIl. 6POH3CHlI wnCMOSII cc HajJlCll1l IIa 3CjTlllt.rlIIK.
Kanyrunap II TPIIJlOCPOH-McCIIMCPII BO cCBcpHa fpUllja.
IQ
Bo KOla1i1l C Hajncli
cueH. Cnopen JIaxTOB. encH wnCM flOTcKHysa Oll OXPllll. Enell wneM. HajlleH
BO TCTOBo. ccra ce Haora BO MIIIIXCH.",l (en.I-12).
34
Filo\\.. ox. Abh. ]9. 1}699. Tafel XV. 1.2: Bymlh 1931. Cn. 3. 55. 56. Ut!JIOl\\'IlIII!OT
MaTepl!Jan on IICI\OIl)'Dalt.aTa ua II BYlIIiK. WTQ ce IIaora 110 Iiap0l111110T \IylCj ao
6enrpaJl.. ao I!aJl/oao e o6JaacII o"Jb. nonoBIIK: AIITII'IKa "p'IKa j6I1p"a. 6corpa;I
1994_ CO,1p)KHII:lTa 11'1 rpo6oBIITe on I-V e IlpOlflBonua. llal1pallCIICl 011 C1palla Ila K
WKoprllln CIlopen IIP"JlO'JIlTC lIa rpo60BlITC VII! VII. I-1lloKpaj Toa. IrliC CC IIp)KI!''C 1\0
OBaa KJI:lCllqlLltWllllja. KOJa DCYIUIIOCT lie BJilljac 611TIIO "l)] np0611CMLI'rC UITO rtr
pa-jr,1CnYllf\\lt!_
" SLtTpaKOna rpolllalloHa. CH. I1J11tja, ClI. 4.
flaXTon. SITULA 8. CJI. I.
MUKYJI'lLth. ApxajcKc IIcKponone. ClI. 6a: I-1CTIIOT. PclagonlJu. T.X. Cn 19<1.
Smdos. No, 199. 211. 452. 458. 240_
" P Amandry. o.c, No. III. PI XX
P- Amandry, collection Paul BCH 95. 1971. FigA i 5.
Rey. ALBANIA 3. Frg. 49.
o_c. No. 61. 73. 8;\, 49_
p, Amandry.o.c. 50. naa \163 .,
S I
..... ] all "PIt'lCPOI\lt on llllHa\laK II Bopona cc 06jaHCIIH 1)0 Alh;m
Rn
c Mile JUS dem I Jnd der S' 'I ,.
. - , "'[)C13ren. ,,' 3ml am Rhein 1988. N()', 96 I 79<1.
BI1;I1I M G .. - . . 1
1951' JI I, r 0-1 rrskl 17. Razanc. VESNIK MlI/cja JNA I3cogr,lu
, aXToa, SITULA 8. 51" II,
Mcry II<lBC,nCIIIITC Ha IIlneMOBII C
aslC }:1Ba CC 0}:1 KOPIIIITCI\II
Tlln. }:10ACKa "ITC oeTallaT' I npllllaraaT lIa Til' ..
11
' , .... ilmlpeKII O,[lH "P'II\O-
1IJ11lpCKlr' TUlI. IITCPCCIlO C}:13 CC HallOMeuc "CK01 T 6 ...
6
. '", ,BO pc ClIllIlITa C 113JflCH
1l0rOnCM pOJ wnCMOBII BO O.rlHOe ua GpO]-OT 1101 rpo60B
< IITe_,lOACK3 CIIIIl{Oel\aT(I
lleKpOnOna lWIlC Mall6poJ IUnC\'OBIl II nOKpa] 6pO]-IHITC 6
' oral'll norpc6YB01lba.
OBaa penaTIlBIiO IIMIlOJaHTlia 6pO]Ka UJJIC'IO .
, "BII. HajnCHa 113 CnCu
OrpaHII'ICU npOCTOp, C MOWIIC IIHnllKaTIIBHa no] K
' '. aKO on BOClia
onpeMa ce '11iHIl ACKa Gun peJJ,OBCIi PCKBII311T II.
, npltnaflllllllllTC Ha
apllCTOKpaTCKIiOT CTanCIK. Bo lIeTO BpCMe np!!C)'CT 6 .
. ,BOTO lIa naKOB pOJ
WJlCslOBIl ua naJOI-iCKIlOT npoCTOp 360PYBa 3a BOIlUCT.e,! 0
. . II T KapaKTep 11<1
naJollcKIlTe Il11CMlIlba. MIICllClbC KOC cc II0TBp"y.a II co n
'" ( P"CYCTIIOTO lIa
311a'IIITCllHO BOoPY)l(YBalhc BO lIorpc6YBalbaTa: MC'ICBII. BPBOBII on KOIIFI.
HO)l(CBII.
,D.cKa wnCMOT IIrpall lIoec611a Yllora Kaj najoHcKIlTC Il11CMI!lb<l J60PYBtI
II OKOJlIIOCTa IUTO 11<1 MOIICTIITC lIa ACPOI!llTC It llajallTe. K<lKO II 1H!IUILITl:
BlIanCTCJlII EycprcTcc, EKroHoe IIlloKIIM. lUlICMOT e Harllacell CII\1601l
(ClI. MOIICTIITC ce 113naBalili BO BHaTpclUHocTa Ha najollCK<lTH
TCpllTOpllja. TOKMY BO BpeMcTo lIa Tpc6cl!llUIKIITC II CIIH,nOCKIITC Ilorpl!6y-
Tpc6a CCKaKO 11a cc On6ClICIKil nCKa OBlle MOHCTII COJJ,P)K<lT npCTCT<lBa
Ha KOPIIHTCKII WlICM co 3aWTIITCH ACJI 3a HOCOT (Ha3a1l). lUTO. KaKO IlITO
113rllCAa. Tpc6a na ec cct>aTIl KaKO KpanCKO 06cnc)Kjc. AKO MO)l(C nil Cl!
IlpllcpaTIl BaKBaTfi nOf.-IIICJ1a. ToraUi cncllYBa 11cKa Kop"uTeKlloT WllC,\! KaKO
noueliCT. a BcpojaTlio II nOCKall. 61111 npCTCIKHO nOCTanCIi lIa BJlanCTCJlIITC.
n OTBpna 3a S<lKOaT<l nOMIlClla lIaoraMc BO Tpc6eHllwTa. BO cny'wjoT co
rp060T L KanC e l-IJjnclI KOPIIIITCKIl WlICM II 3J1aTHa norpe6Ha MaCKa. lIa 'lLIe
'lellO ce Haora n pcTcTaoa lIa n'lena. III1TcpnpcTlipaHa KaKO KpallCKIl e"'IUOll.
H. nOnCKa MOIICTIITC lIa nePOl-lCKl lTC II JIalijacKIiTc BlIa.uCTCJlII lI'Ia<lT
KOPIIHTCKII WJlCM. Ha MOll eTaTa Iia 6acTapej (CJl.16) aBcpCHaTa CTpaHa e
"CHOllUCTa co n p ll KaJ lI a wnCM OJJ, ,.rp'[KO- llnIIPCKI I" MOIICTClT<l 11<1
6acTapcj cc AaTll pa cca 465-460 r. MO)l(c611 BO OBa KOP"HTCKIIOT IlI11CM
ro 11 3ry61111 n pno611TIIOTO 3I1a' IClbC, na ccra BCKC HC (Imryp"pa KaKO KpallCI\O
06Clle)Kjc. TyKy II on CTpalla I ta BllanCTCJlII TC e !lOCCH Ul lICf.-1 on .. rp' IKO-
IIllllpCKIl " Tim.
BaKsaTa KOllUCIiTpa l \ uja I-Ia WJlCMOOIi caMa no ce6e IIC1MeTIIYBll
3aKJIY'IOK ACKa HUBHOTO nOTeK}10 Tpe6a na 6une JlOKallHO. J.1 \1ajKII ja npCJlBIl1l
OKOJI HOCTa WTO xall KII.ltIl'IKIlOT npOCTOp C co611pallllWTC lIa KOPIIHTCKO'
xallKlljlllCKIi MajcTopll II TOPCYTCKII 1,\CIITap. 3aKJlY'IOKOT npOll311crYBa K<lKO
llOrJl'ICH. T.H ... rp'iKO- IIJ11IPCKIl" W1ICM IIC C najoHcKa IlHoBaUlija. T}'KY C caMO
'" 1. N S\'oronos. pmllilif de 1:1 Maccdonic prouve par 13 nUllusmatiquc. Chi(.lgn
1979. PI II. 1-4. PI, III. I. 2. 7. g,
Muret. dynaste dc Peonle. BCII [881.329,
35
Til 1l0Tpt:6UTl:: 11<1 nOK<lJIII<lTrt
Jl'lrOJtCII'I KOH BKyCO <
SapIlJaIIT<l Upl! " PCK'''' Tpc6a)1a CC 3tlMCHII CO "lIajOllCJ.;II"
C
CI)\1II110T rp'IKO-IIJ111
nopcn 1'0;\. T,,, IICTpIIG)IL(IIJ"a lin 1I1lnpCKilOT IlPOC'I"Op
6 ' G IIcrOB.lTrt Jl .
lie TpC a Ita J )'. X 1111:11)111" co 3aJ1HllllaTa ce n0311<11'11. TYK<l C II Blla
KOMyHIIKrtLtllllTC IW a , la HaccnCHIlt:TD 80 Ja,[{ IIIII'JaTCl lIa 6a ..'1KJIIOT
E a 3") aJKR<l BOCHa onpl:'
ni<tTII. , KaKO II OCT(1l1aTII01' IIMIIOpT. II IUJ1CMOIUITC
Cllryp"O 1I\,ano nOTpe ana. 11 '
- 'CTlfflIJT naneKY 11<1 cesep. HTCPCCIIQ C Ita cc
MO)KCnC '''lOr) 11C(IIO Jla .
, <11'11 U1J1CMOBII 0)1 OBOJ Tim on TpaKIiCKIlOT rlPOCTOp.
01];6ene)f{IIIlCKrt lie cc n0311, .
C
IhaT<l HJ noocKe aSTopn KOII J<l '1'11110110. nopcJl JtaTllpa , < <
. 'liTe" IUJJCMOBIl HajroncMIIOT 6pOJ ce naTupa 01\ BTOpaTa
rnpTa lia .. IIJlllpeK. V 11
CpenllllaTa H<l Vi BCK )10 nO'IeTOK01' lIa BeK. PCI(1I3110TO 'ICTBpTllHa II JlII < < _ _ )
'"
CllHlloeKIlTC lIorpc6YBaiba ()40-)20 r. He Mopa na CC OnUCCVlla
11: 3Tll paH>C "
II Ha UlJlCMOBIiTC Tile MO)KCJlC .aa 61f11:<lT 1f3pa6oTCIIII IICKOJlKY .[lCltCHlIII
10 ill ""MOT 0" KoncKlllljaT<I KaHCJlOnYJlOC ce naTllpa no BTopaTa nopal. "....
<leTBpTllHa ua VI BeK IIJlI! Haj,aOltll<l BO Cpell/lHaTa H<l nCKOl'. npmlCpOIUl'rC
O.Q OJlIIMlillja II K 03<11111 ce CMCTaaT 3<1 II CWTO n OCTap" . HOnCKa UIJlCMOlllITC
o,a J101f)10II. 0)1 KOJlCKI,llIjaTa CTa1'aTOC. II Tpll Te nOCTapll IUJlCMOBII o.Q
Tpc6cullwTa CC IICWTO II0MJla,ull.!i7 Tpc6a na .QCK3 BO 1'CKOT 11<1
OBOj nep"o,u HcrOBaTa npo,aYKllllja He 6una orpalllI'l clia 11<1 caMO C,aCIi
npoll3Bo,aCH TYKY JleKa ro rrpoll3BcAysaJlc n OBeJ<c pa60TflJJllllltll II
KaKO noeJlCItIIl.(a lia Toa cc npOll3JlC3CHil noncie napllj3HTII KOII lie Mopa
celwraw Jla 611)1aT ,aOKa3 3a HCroBIlOT TiInOJlOUlKIl pa3Boj II norO.IJC.\liI
XPOHOJlOWK<l ,AII CTUllq3. De3 n:a ce BnywTa BO aHallll 3a Ha rpllKo-Hnn pcKlloT
Tlln W1IC.\IOBlI. B. n OnOBIiK ja HaBcCTYBa MO)KHOCTa lIerOB<lTa Hojasa nCl cc
IJOBP3C co IIcKoja OA KOJlOBIIIITC lIa crejcKoTo Kpaj6pc)f(jc. OA ",aAC IIPCK}
,aOJlIIHaTa IIa Bapllap CTUrBaJl BO p a3HIf 06Jlac1'Ii H<l OaJl"';HICKIlOT
nOJlYOCTpOB.H.\
OPYlKJ
OPYlKjCTO 110 Tpc6cHl IJI.lKliTC norpe6YB3H)i1 e BO Tparll.
ce pa3611pa KaKO PC3YJlTaT I-I a He n ocToj a HaTa npl1po,tta Ha )KCJlC'JOTO.
npcMCIICKll ncp"on: BO Bna)!( Ha cpeAI/Jla. CnOpC}llIPTC)KIITe
110 nYOJlIIKal\IIJaTa lia <1>I1Jl 08, 0PY:.KjCTO e nplfcYTHO BO CIITe MaUlKIl rp060
1l1l
.
H CWTO nOlt06po CC 3a
1
lynaHli npsOBIlTC on KonjaTa, AOACKa OA MC'ICUJlTC JlMiI
naXToU. SITULA 8 48 .
'I II ce 33np:+:yo3 lIa TllllonowKIlOT pa300J 113 IUnC\f0811TC (1.1
113BOpll3Ta opMa A ,
' . 11I"la 'I proc). KaKO 11 ua BPCMCilCI01TC 11<1 l111l111aT
UPO,1) K1111J3 II pacnpOM'n3l1eT
., _.t' OCTa IIa D3nKauCKIIOT npoCTop.
P Amandry. BCB 95. SKI),
Bn. nOlloal1h. O.C. 29.
36
cpparMCHTII. n OCll llIl C'lIlI1 CJlCMCIlTII . lIa np. pa'lKIfTC o,tt rp060BllTC VI
" VII. OB03MO)KIIJlC na CC 11311paBil npll6JlII)KHa K01a
BeywHOCT o,ttroBapa lIa OTKPIICHII BO C IIH.QOC. Toa CC MC'ICRII eo
ARC II pcfipo no CpC.QllllaTa. BPBOT 01\ KOpl1l\aTa 3aBpWYBa co IICTaKlI,JT
1I0JlYKPY:>KCIi nOA3TOK. a co lJ,UJlIm.nPlllICH nen. Kaj lIeKOllllpmlcpOll1l
BO C IIHAOC OAneml1i ,uCJlOBIl CC yKpaccHIl co onnaTa OJ.{ 3JIaTCH JJII.\1. CIITC
np"naraaT lia IICT Tlln. caMO BO rp060T 25. ,IlaTllpaH BO 540 r . liMa enH<l
Maxallpa (No. 269).
npHMepol IIITC OTKPIICHII BO CIIU,IlOC .naTllpaaT O,ll 540 r. npen II.C.
nOtleTOKOT 113 V BCK. UlTO !13K IIC 3Ha
t
lll ACKa ce I13pa60TCIIII BO SPCf>!eTO
Kora ce 113BPUICIHI caMIlTC norpc6YB3lb3. TyKY CnHa no ,IlBC .nCL\CHllil nopaHO'
(en. 17).
Bo CIITC rp060BII co MCllCBII BO lI aj ' lcCT cnytlaj ce OTKp"elili no JlBC
Jl ll eTOBIIAlI1I Konja co nJlJCTlfllllO pc6po. C IITe nplIl1JraJT Ha IICT Tlln co
1J 3BCCHCl pJ3JJ ilKa BO ;. OJI)KIIHClTa " LUlipOtlIlHaT<l Ha 60}:tC)KOT (CJl. 18).
MC'ICBIITC 11 KonjaTa OA apxajcKIiTc norpc6YBaH,a IIC cc pa3Jl11KYBaaT O,ll OHll e
OTKp"Ba HII BO rp060BII TC OJ. )KCJlC3110TO BpCMC. oc06eHO 01\ HeKpOnOJllrl'c
130 nOsa p J1apj eTO. H a npOTIiB. KaKO A<l npCTcTaBYBaaT KOHTlIuy"palW
npO,QYKL\lIja Ha JIOKaJllIllTe pa60TIIJlI IIIl\lI
olO
(Cn. 19).
IIAKHT
i1 CTJKHJTO MeeTO BO IIl1seHTapoT lIa norpe6YBaH>JT3 My npllnafa Ha
u aKIiTOT. oco6eHO KorJ CC liMa npC.D,BIIH lIerOBJTa 6POj HOCT" IIJBOlipeWIaTH
YMeWHOCT lI a 113Bc,a63Ta. OBa oc06cII0 CC onHecYBJ HJ lIaKliTOT Oil
ClI lllloCKaTJ He KpOnOJla. KOj 0611JlYBa eo pa3HOIJilAliOeT ua IInCIl II KOMII0311l\'"'
lIa CJleMeIlTI1. WTO PC3YIITllpaaT BO YMCTllll tlKO COBPIII CHCTBO.
UOMIHIaIlTJI<l TCXlllfKa BO 113pa60TKaTa HJ 3JIaTHilOT IWKIIT CC
II rpallYJlJlllljal'a. IIH OB,l ,l MIIHYI.(II03Ha TeXlIIl Ka cc )(01l )K1I
MO)KI1QCTa 33 pa3HOJlII'II10CT lI a (llOpMIITe II MOTHBIfTC npliMCIl CT il lIa
nOCJ.{ IlHC'1H1I JI.CJIOBII OJI IIaKliTOT. nKnonCHlf cnopCR HJMCHaTa "rOnCf>Hl II <l Ta.
3apanH np"ponaTa lIa rpaHYJla!llIjaT3 Kop"CTell e .CIICTeM Ha COeJI 1II1 YBal bC
lIa )K1Il\ a co HII3a O}l rpallyJl II II OBOl eJlCMeHT I'll CIiTe
BII 11:0 BII Ha TaHTCJlCCTO Il3BC.nCIiIf }:tCJlon li O}:t HaKliTOT. H a OBO) 11;],11111
1f3pa60TeHif CC rp"BHI1.06CTlOI, KpynllllTc KOHYCHII rJlaBII Ha IIrJlIITC II/lpyrll
neT<lJIII. Kora ec pJ60TII 33 npllBp30Ltli tlllja oCllona e 113pa60TCII<l on 3JJJTeH
TelWK Jl II M. Sp3 Hc r o ce anJlIIl\"pallll I'paHyJlII WTO qlOpM"pJaT Tp"arOJlllll
11\1 Sindos. No. 370 on rpo6 66 11 271 II 272 011 rpo6 25.11<lT11pallll 540 r_
3. feoprlleB. EnCMC/lTIi 11:1 pall<lT<l en_ 5 a II 6. en_ 6 . .Il
37
. . rpaHymlTC)'a IIC1l0J1HYBaaT l(CnaTCI nOBp11I1!l1<l
,,)a)\["CTIl Op"mlCIITlllIllH ,_
1111 , t.: 6' "'lOBO)' IHI'IIIH IIMclaT (papMa IICl llCTllpllarOllUll
np"BpJOlJ,IITe 113pa QTCII!! < 6
<lK cc Toa TOn'ICCTII [mil m::OIlYCIJIl MOHIICTPI!
nllpn\UIA<l IIlli1 aMopa. 111111 n. 'I'
l "II ",aKO .uen0811 OA rcp,Q3H11. ) KpaCH lIa rnaBlI'rc
Kmw \I TpanC30111lHII IIIlO I . <
, ,a"" "CSKII 80 ),Jlora Ha MOIIIICTPIl 111111 II:ilKO
Oll CPypKCTI1TC lfilll ce Toa r. < II ..... <
a 'l.'pa
.mnanHIITc II}]II 3MCPOPOIIAHIITC np1lBp301(IL
AOnaTeli e1lC\ICHT Ii< ,. ", _
r T
PaHa )K1I"a cnY)K1I KaKO repn
3H
113 'I iii 1 "paCBII Ce
yeTo lIaBII" < .....
6 Ja.pwe
To"lI nOHCKoraw. saKsa )fOIL.{a cc KoplieTIi I(al<.:o
annllu.upaHII oraT!! ..... .
BPCK3 Met)' ABa YKpaCHIl CJIC\feHTa.
06ETKII
Bo Tpe6cllllUIKIITC rpo60BII 06eTKI1Te npllnafaaT Ha CnCH IICT Till!.
Toa cc CpC6pCHli npllMCpOL(1I H<l IWK3CTII 06CTKII co BpB yKpacclI co rpuliYJlI1.
oTKp"e,," BO rpoGoBilTc IX. X II XII (Cn. 20-23) II nCnarOHI!CKllTC
norpeGyoalba BO >KIIBOIlIIO II UpKBJlWTe-6epaHlJ,1I eOAp)KaT y6aBli npliMcpOIlH
06eTKII OJ! lIeTIlOT TI1Il
91
(Cn. 24).
3a pa3J11IKa oAllpeTxoAHIITe. BO CiIHAoe ce 3aCTanCUil rJlaBIiO Asa TI!lJa
06CTKII. EAHIITe. !WI! ee eOCTojaT OJ! nonYKpY)KHO CBIITKaHa )l\1IlJ,a co yKpaCCHI1
KpaeBII- OMera Tim (Cn. 25). rJlasuo nplinaraaT Ha npsaTa nOJlOBIlHa. OJ],HOCBO
Ha cpe,UIIHaTa Ha V BeK. J.1JpafioTeHIl ce BO cpe6po. a ce jaBynaaT BO 1I0ncKc
sapujaHTIl - 3aBpWeTOl\IITC ce )'KpaCCUIl co 606mJ,1I IInli cc BO 111111 IIa 3MIICKII
rnaBII.
92
KaKo eKcKlIY311BIIII npliMCpOlJ,11. Hen03HaTli 3a ApyrllTc 1I0K<lJlIITCTII.
BO ee jasYBaaT 06eTKil BO BIIA Ha TaHTCJICCTa "J11lrpaIiCKa neliTa.
Ha KpajoT YKpacella co Kpyuua p03CTa. nOA Koja cc lIaora KOI'J<la ]<1
nplHJ,BpCTYBal-he na YBOTO (ClI. 26). CIiTe npUMCpOlJ,1I CC 113pa60TCIIII 0)l3naTO.
nplinaraaT lIa IICTIIOT CTun BO KOj CC u3pa60TCHli 6pojlll! nCIITIl-nall tICJlKIl
HejacHa HaMClla. 6pojll0 3aCTanCIIII BO KonCKQlljaTa CTaTaTOC. BPCf-ICIICKJ!
Ja IICnOJlllysaaT BTopaTa 1I0nOBI'IHa Iia VI SCK. nOTO'IHO OJ! cca 560'" (No. 436)
AO c. 510 r. (No. 321).
38
H Bymd\. 1933. en. 10; MlkutCic, Pclagonija. T. V. SI. I L d-g.
Sindos. No. 71. 359.
/J IbId, No. 321, 4J6,
5EJ1Er31111
KaKO yKpaecH H3KIIT CC '1111111 nCKa rpllBHlITe BJICrYBaaT BO ynoTpc6a
HCIUTO nOAOlJ,Ha on OGCTKIITC. cynCJKII cnopen HaOnUTC BO CIIHAOC.
BO KOII ce OTKPIICIilI naTllpaaT Oll eca 510-460 r.'<t Ce
pa60Tli 3a oTBOpeHI! rpllBHII II rpllBlIIl co npepneHIl KpacBII. no npaBIlRo co
3aBpweToQII BO BUn lIa 3MIICKII masn co pa31T1I4HII sapnjaHTII (Cn. 27). Bo
Tpe6eHllLUKuTC rpOGOBII 3I1a
t
HlTCJ1HO ce 3aCT3nellii BO lKeHCKIlTe rp060SIlIX,
X II XII 95 (en. 28). Cnopen OCT3naTliTe HaOIlli on OBlie rlorpc6YBall.a.
6cnerJIIIITc 611 Tpe6ano 11:3 CC naTllpaaT 011 KpajoT lIa VI BeK no IlPSIlTC
nClJ,CHIIII Ha V BeK. KaKO CKCKlIY311BIIII npllMCpOl(1I MOIKCMC na ru CMeTaMC
6ener3HIITC on nCTIIJlCn. MaCIIBH1! II npClJ,1I3HO 113pa60TCHil on IlPC'IIICl'CHO
cpe6poW, (Cn. 29). Or.ILIncHocTa Ha OBOj Tim Genenllli )lOBCn<l AO noronc\ta
noGapyB3
t
JKa, TaKa WTO CC IIJpa60TysaHli II 130 6pOll3a KaKO noenHOCTaB1l1i
npliMepOQII.
fEPflAHI1
H3jaTpaKTIIBHa rpyna 011 lIaKIlTOT. cnopen 6neCOKOT UITO ro
npOIl3BCJI.YBa 3JlaTOTO II eonpmCHCTBOTO lIa Te.XHIIK3Ta lIa 113BC)l6aTa. cc
rCpll,aIHlTe. HajtlccTliTC npllMCpOl\1I ce COCTOjaT Olt pa3HOBliltHil nepJIII
113pa60TCHli BO BIIJllla MIIHlljaTypll1l aMopll (Cn. 30). 'me TellO C IICnOJlIICTO
co rpaHynH KOII lJeCTO flaTIi BcreTa611l1HII opHaMCHTII. 111111 Toa
CC mipaMIIA3nHil IlpllBp30UII, '1Il1i CTpaHll ce naK IICnOJlHeTIl CO .rpallYJlII (CT!.
31). KapaKTepllcTwlHIl cc npllsp30UIITC BO opMa lIa ABOJHII Tpane311.
eoeAIIHCTII Ha IIOKycliTe cTpalll1 (Cn. 32). npllcynlll ce IICTO TaKa II 611KOIlYCIIII
ncpJllI co AOAaTCIl yKpac OJ! rpallYJlII. Toa cc npliMCpOl(1I non KaT. No. 109.
148, 149, 285. 511 II Apyrll 01'KPIICIIII BO OlHnoc BO r p 060.BII KOII ce
OIl 510-500 rOIl.
97
Cnll'llIlI q)opMlIlIa npl!Bp30LllI. 110 co l-Ie3HaTHO 1I0PYC11I I
a
"I
TO rpaHynllTe CC 1I0KPYIIIIII.
113seA6a. Koja CC COCTOII BCYUJIIOCT caMO BO TO, Wi
COIlP)K1i eACH np"McpOK Ha repAali AaTlipall cca 560 rO)l.
. 6 IX,I BO neTlinen ce OTKPIICIIII IICTOBCTmi
Bo Tpc6cHIIUlT<l BO I po 01' , >
99 HIIBH<lTa IInCHTII'II-IOC'1 c
aMq)QpOIiAHIl " nlipaMIIAallll1l np"Bp30UII.
W Ibid. No. 49. 487
H. Bynl1h 1933. en. 1417. . C 7
II SI2'
11 OT ApxaJcKc HC"pon01lc. 11, .
"" I. Mikulcic, Pclagomja, T.X , ' : CTII
'17 Smdos. rpo6oBlI 20. 2211 67_
"' Ibid. rpo6 28. No. 429. . 8 6
'F! II. BYllltl1 1933. en. 6 II H; MllKYJI,llth. ApxajCKe ItCKp0t10m:. Cn.. a ..
39
.+. . ,," IUTO 3a ""lytiOKOT .ueK<l CC lupaGoTYBaUIt flO lIeT
T.h" 33-16 11
pa60TIIJTIIIIIlli CC H3MCHTYS3 caM no cc6e (en. -).
BTOPIlOTTItn rep.naJHI ynncTcHII o,n CIIHllllp.llJlII C 1'oa ryeTo 1IaI1I1TKa/f
TC.rl, nOJH3T .. aKD C3nTenCOH co p.::pacHII,ncTanli - 3r-.IIICKII rnaB!!
( '0. 156). IlIlJTIIIIJlPII'IHII 33BPWCTOUJl ( o. 154" I))}. Ha KOII MO)KC Ita liMa II
3HTponor-.lOpqJHII npcTcT3BII (I o. 320). JlaTllpaaT Oll IIC1',O "PCMC KaKQ I[
npCTXO.l1HIlTC. BCYWHOCT. HIIBHaT3 HaMeHa He e coccr-.la )3CII3, 1UU Hanl! Cc
pa60TlI 33 repAnHII lint! yKpacli 1(011 ce CTaS3nc Ha f]laSaTa (Cn. 37).
BpcJlllo e na ce cnOMCH3T II fep,naHIl 0.11 KIIJJII6apCKil 3plll{a. no 60jfl
ce TCMHoKCpaMIIJl,CHIl. tepnaHOT o,u rpa60T 28 Ott CIIH}:10C .n3TllpaH eea 560 r.
C COCTaBCIi o,u ar-.!OpcpHIi nap'Jlllba. emFIHII npIIMCpOl\1I COnp)KCJle I!
80 Tpe6ellllWTa. KaKO H rp060T Ha nplIHqCJClTa Oil nCTIIJlCIi
DepaUl\I!. 3a pa3JlIIK3 Oil OBIIC rpy60 o6pa60TeHII !lcpJln. rCpJl:clJlOT Oft
rpoGoT 20 80 CHII.llOe liMa KIIJlll6apeKil nepnll OCPOPMCHII KClKO lUCCTOKpaKII
pOJCTIl 1\ GYKpaHiIOHll
lOJ
(en. 38).
3a 06eTKIITC II rCPIHlllIITC all CIIH.llOC. II Tpc6cHIILlITCl. IICM3
.lla Haj.llCMC napancnll. n 03HaTO C .llCKa TCXHIlKaTa IIa cpllflllrpallOT II
rpaHYJlaL\lIjaTa. KaKO Il O.ll.llCn llll TCXHWIKII cnCMCHTIl (H<l npliMcp rycTO lIa8l1T-
Kali Ten. T.II. C3nTenCOHII). CC npIICpaTCHH 011 IICTOtllloMCllll1'epaHCKIIOT
KyJlTypCII Kpyr. McrYToa. TOKMY Ha OBOj npoCTOp 110)KllBynaaT nonH paJsoj
Hel 60raTCTBO Ha IIAcn. MOTlIBIl II KOMn0311l{1f1l. OC05CIIOCTII KaKll1i Aa
BO .llpyrll perliOHII.
Kaj rcp.o:aHIlTC. 06C1'KIITC II II rn IITC TewKO MO)KC Aa cc lIaceT" CTIIJJeKIl
pa3Boj 611 npOinnerysan OA nOAonr xpoHonowKIi pacnoH 11<1 HCrOBaT(l
IIJ1Jl KaKO npoll3BoAli OA pal{CTC Ha pa3HI! MajcTopn. WTD MO)KC
na cc 06Jae.HH co HHSIIOTO KpaTKoTpajHo npoH3BoACTBO. E,QllllcTBcHaTa
pa3J1JIKa KOja MO>KC Aa ce BOOtlll C Taa WTO Kaj rcpnaHIITc OA rp050T 28 on
CIIHAoe (No. 429), naTllpaH cca 560 ron., rpaHYJlIITC ce n OKpymlll. a
113pafioTKaTa HeWTO norpy6 (C 39) u .
a JI. . YI, KaKO UlTO lIeTClKIlYl3a B. n OnORlIK.
HaKllT 6n"ronap
, (l CHII C Ha HcrOBIlDT KOMII0311TCII KapaKTCp,
MO)KC na ec !l 3ABOl! 130 nocefiHa
rpyna, Hal'O Ha'IIIHOT Iia 113pa50TK<lTiJ 511TIIO
He ee pa3J1I1Kysa on OeTall"TI 0
, ." I l' rptlKH HaKlIT OA IICTOTO I3pCMC. np" IUTO
nocc5110 o6cnc)fqc My Aasa .
. ' KPIfTCKO-KllnapCKaTa. BO KpajHa JlIIHIIJCl
npenXeJJeHCKa KOMnOIlCIITa.J02
', .. HaaenelllJTe IJplI\lepOJVI ce OJI ('lJunoc.
Smdos, No. 136: Bynllh 1933. ell 51' ' , .
He"ponone en 12 Bo.". ' Fdo\\, O.c. Abh. 114: MIU'YJJ'J1Jh. Apxillct.;e
'. " J/ 011 rp060BIITe
fep:FIJl ronC\f1J 3MOP'" 6 .lJeO,1a"lIIa OTKpUeJlIJ KaJ (\10"J1IIIIiI. e uapeJi
'pill! "'Iflll ape,," nap'JIIJl>a
Bn. nO/lOllllh. o.c. 2S, .
MAJlOAJIICK II "'IIGYJlI1
ManOaJIICKIlOT TIlII clmGyJlII He ce oeoGcHo 'leeTII 130 rpoGOBIlTC 11<1
CIlHAOCKaTa HCKpOIJOna. Cc JaSYBaaT lIajpaHo 130 1l0encn,HItTC nBC lIa
VI BCK II TpaaT AO eea 440 r. Ilaj6J11leKIl no 1I3BOPHIIOT oGnlJK ec Cll,CH '"Hln
'lIlaTIIII co IKCJlC:JHa IIrna on rpoGOT 67. AaTlIpaH eea 510 r. (e1'].
40). eo P03CTII ua HoraTa Il f.1I<lBaTa II Tpll nOnaTOL\1l Hil naKOT.
co cpllnllrpaH II EACH 'IlHilT 6POH3CIHI {IHl6YJlII (('.1'].
41) Olt rp060T 73. naTllpaHIl eea 440 r .. co npcTcHeCTIl33Ac6cJlYSalhil JI<I JlaKOT.
ec jaBYBaaT KaKO Hajnoqllll. JH..\ OeT:'lHaTiITC npllMepOtJ;1I 01\ cpe6po 1111 naKOT
JIM ,taT SSCJACeTIl yKpaeli. 110 clmpMa Haj6J1JICKII AD acplIOIIOB<lTa '1aIIJKaY KaJ
I-!JIB d:: ynrrc HCUOCTi.lcyn<l npCTeTanaTa Ha 1MHCKa rmlBa, KOJa 1l0Hoqlla ec
jaSYBa KaKO 3ClnOJl)KIITCnCIl nCTClJb BO Kor-m0311l\ujClT<l. CUTe CC KOIt
KpajoT lIa VI BCK. 80 lIa GpOjOT Ha rpo60BIITC. BO Tpc6cIIIIUITil
MaJlOa311CKaTa <IHl6yJla C Hcurro no'/eeTa. OTKPI1CHII ec no KHC)KCBCKHTC
rp060BII. 110 IICTO TaKa II BO T.Il. rp060slI. l1 AOACK<I ellllnoeKIl"!'C
cpe6pCHII npIiMcpOI.(1I KaKO ACt npOll3J1Crne OA CHHa Kilj
liTe OA Tpc6cIIIIlIITa CC rncAaaT pa3J1I1'-1HII MajeTopll. HO IIAcJaTa C lIeTa:
JlaKOT C yKpaccil co CTIIJlII311palili aqmoHoBIl 'JaWKIi. a 3MlleKaTa rJlana ec
YUlTe IIC Hawna np"MCHaJOf. (Cn. 42). Y6asliTc npmtCpOI(1l Ha cpc6pclllrrc
{lm6YJlII OA (D. 43) HoeaT lteT!! KapaKTcplleTIIKIl. II<1KO
acplloHoBIiTC 'laUlKIl lIa naKOT IIMaaT pa3BllcHa CPOPM<l Y HCKOJlK)
npllMcpOLtll OA XaJlKIIAIlK IIMaaT HCtJA06pu aH<lJlOrIJIJ no Tpc6cIIII1I1"'"Tl!
<p1I6ynll' ''' (Cn. 44).
n03HClTO C II BO lIaYK<lTa np"cjJaTcHo AeKa cjJII6ynil on OBO) Till!.
AaTHpa1l1l BO KpajoT HCI VIII BCK. nOTeKHysaaToA fOPHIIOlll1 E<pcc. HI'J
3Ha t JajHo C ll<l CC KOlleTaTlipa AeKa TOKMY Hil najollcKIJOT
ManOCl3I1CK<lTa II6yna ro flOCTllrllYBa BpaOT Iia eBojoT pa31l0j. 11I1C]<1'1''' C
n03ajMcila on IICTOK, HO. CIlIl<llll npllclJaTeHa Ha oaJlKaIIOT, KC ec IKnBJlc no
TaKon CTCnCI1 1111'0 KC eTaliC OMIIJlCJI II PC'IIICII 3<l,Qon)KJlTCnCIi Ite]! OJ\
CPYHKll llollaJlHll oT JIII'lel! IIl1neliTap H H<l 60raTilTc II lIa 110el!pmtaUlIlIITC
OrlnJTceTBCHIl CJlOellll.
n Sindo ... No. 328.
'>I Ibid, No. 523.
1.1 Ibid No. 63. 114, 1.12. LB. :'116.
II BYJlItil 1931. OJ 25: IICTIJOT 1933. en. IS.
1 I MikulCic, Pclagonija, T.XII. 51,21
P Amandl). ox PI. xxv. I-'XI 149.
11'1 R. A Grcd and Roman Jc\\cllcry. Londnn 1961 , 131
41
Bo lIeTO IlpeMC. 11[\ 6al1K<1HCKaTJ HOlma qm6yJJaT<l Ho611BiI nOKaJlHO
o6cJlc>Kjc. TOh.MY Tyl\(] cc no
CTIIJlJl3J1paHil aq)llollooa \1311110::3. Bp3YBaJKII ce 3a CyWTl!C1 SCHItO I Cl1CMCl1T 1a
. OC or "',"OHOT ilypll nOIl Oll
HJ
. BO TCKDT nf] IV BCI( ).;.Or'
n3JOHCKJlOT flP T u't ., '"
acpliOIiOT fa ry6n CBOCTO CIIM60JlJllIHO 3HJ
l
IClbC. yKpaclI1 C qmfiymlTc CC
npeo6pa3ynaaT 80 SSC3Jl.CCTIl Jt3paCTOLl,IL Pa3JlWIHilTC sapllJaHTII IIa QUilt;:
Ao,naTou.
1I
nOfillSJJT 6apOKHII OC06CHOCTII. WTO r.lO)KC n
a6
po na ce cnCJI,Il npcKY
nplIMcpOllliTe on )K.nJHCU Kaj Clmnje. na no HJOAJlTC Oll. WTP
n
U.
1I
BO DOCila II
B
,I<
1.Iypyr BO OJ BO,!{JUW.
IIrJIH
YKpaCIlTC BO BIIA 113 aqHloHoBH UITO rli CJlCAaT M3JlOa'JIICKIiTC
cpy6yJIIL CC jaBYBaaT KaKO no npaSI1JlO II Ha IIrJllITC, paCI10pC.QCHIi nOlt
IlJlO'ICCTaTa TpKanC311a rn3sa. rOpHaTa lIa e YKpaCClla co
opHaMCHT BO q)OpMa lIa p03eTa, WTO e BCYWHOCT AIIKTIlpal-IO co lIej31111<lTa
TPK,tnC3Ha opMa. CIiTe n03HaTli npUMCpOL(1I OA cpc6po OTKP"CIlIl 60
CIIHAOC, II Tpc5cHIIWTa CC H3S0HPCAHO 113pa6oTCHIi ' 11 (Cn. 45 - 47).
Kaj 0MClIlili cnY'1311 cc '-IyBCTBYBa paKaTa Ha IICT MajcTop IInll
IICTa EACH npllMcpoK OA 6pOH3a, 6C3 p03cTa lIa fn3BaTa II
0611
1
1HII npcTcHccTlI3ane6ellYBaJ-ha Ha IlfJlaTa, nOTcKHYBa OA rJlOC - rp'IIIUlTC
.aj Ban'''nOBO'" (Cn. 48).
npIiMCpOU.IlTC on PajJ,OllIlWTa oTKplieHIl 3a BPCMC IICKonYRalbcTo Ha
M. rp611K cc 113pa60TeHil OA 6poH3a, a jJ,aTHpaHH BO V BCK npcA H.C. (Cn,49).1 '
nOTcKnoTo I-Ia OSHe HfJlH ce Bp3YBa 3a nenonOIlC3. 3a pa3J11IK:J 01\
Q>1I6YJlIITC, Kaj HIIB He ee IlysCTByBa OC06CH CTHnCKII II TllIlOnOUlKH pa3130j
WTO 611 MOIKcn Aa cc enCAIl BO TCKOT Ha CACH nOAoIlr nCpHO]l. Cc ljlllW ACKa
ee 113pa6oTYBaHII BO TeKOT Ha HCKonKY 011 KpajoT Ha VI 110
lIo'leTOKOT Ii a V BeK.
42
II Be.
235 oKonOOct:a-P l1awllK. EncH rpo6 on )l(naIlCL{, 3S0PIIHK A.M., C'KoliJe 1975.
,co l!ltTUpalla nllTcpaTypa_
II Smdos,No.II3,515BymdI1931 en 20 u
, . . ; f'lCTIIOT 1933. en. 12; EACII1l38011PCltCI1 cpe6peu
ITPIIMCPOK. 110TI10nliO cO'lyoa" c pe.
lelia neKa ITOTCKHY03 on Bcpnlll3 Olla e elll11l CTDen
HaOn on ooa apCMC 00 BcprllIla co K - B -
M AN6PONIKO! B OJ CC II.OKa*yoa KOI1TllHYIlTCTOT 113 ;'IOlUcell,e, "nll-
MAKE60NIA ,EPrJNA, ANArKA<I'H 1987, To APXAIOAOrJKO EPrOITl1
KAI 9PAKIJ, I. 1987, Cn. 5.
3. rcoprneo. EneMCtlTIl lIa pallaTa allTI1Ka Cn 7
!l Jb . . 3
, l1on08l1h. AlITII'tKa rp'lKa 3611pKa. No. 160 II 161
3nJTHocpc6pCIIIIOT '[min IIrnl!. OTKP"CHII BO CUHAOC 80 rroGOT 20,
npJlllaraaT HJ IICTIIOT Tim. co Toa WTO Bp3 fnJBaTa e 113BCACI-Ja KOHYCIIJ pOleTa
BO TCXIHlKa Ha cpllllllfpall. MCT npliMcpoK on cpc6po OTKplleH e BO rp060T IX
BO Tpc6eullwTa
1l4
(Cn. 50, 51).
Bo !leTO w3p<l60TYBallll ce IIf.llll yKpaecHIl co Hlua <I(I)IIOHOBII
Bp3 KOII KaKO rnasell yKpae ec nBe KpynHIl TonKII, ",aJ paJllllTC
npliMcpOqll pa3.111I'IHO MOAenllpaHlI 80 cpopMa Ha acp"OHosa ('.'1.
52). OA lIeTHOT TllIl ec Ana tlllcpTa IIfnll OA 311aTO oTKpncHIl BO emmoc (Cn.
53) BO rp060T 28, J"ITnp311 HO eea 560 r. II (ClI. 54) on rp06 67. n3T1lpali BO ec ..,
510 r. cc penpc3ellTaTIIsIIII npllMcpo,-\1I 113pa60TcHli BO cplIIlllrpali II
rpaHynal\llja. 111>
Kaj IICKOllKY npllMcpOiW lIa 11m II cnllHCTscHIiOTYKpaCC 3i:WPWCTOKOT
Ha riiasaTa, 113BClICII co Tpll ellllpaIlllo 113SIITKal!ll Kpacsll.
1I7
YUlTC cncu IIpllMCpOK JacJlY)I{ysa na 611nc nocc6110 IICTaKI13T. lC
pa60TII 3a nsojll<l IIrlla, 1/3 rnaBaT3 3HUPWClIa co Ase ellMCTpll'lJ[O noeT!JIlCHH
3MHII co SCPTlIK<lJlHO cnnCTC1II1 onaWKII"
8
(Cn. 55). nOTCCTYS3 11<1 uraClI!->.
crnneTeKIl KpaneKIl c1IM6oJl. "pilKa
l
lel-l I-Ia KpaJleKIi Alljallct.1I1 II KpYIlI1. 3a
npl1MepOKOT OA KOnCKl\lIjaTa CTaT<lTOe (Cn. 56). AMaliAPIl BClIIl IlCKil BO
rpl\lIja e cnopaUII'lell, 3 KaKO 3113JlOnlll rll n30nllTC OTKPIICIIII BO
4aywlIl\<l, MIIKpa Kapa6ypyu II naTe.lll1.
Ha Kp3jOT Ila rn CIIOMellCMC IIf.llllTC OJ], TlmOT micra. np"MCpOllilTC
Oil Tpc6elllllliTa (CJI. 57) 113pa60Tellil Oil epc6po, '1ajaI..:naTIi co CSllnWII3
ce lIaoraHIl BO noseKc fp06oSII .1I9 33 PH3J1IIKa OA oeTaHaTIlTC TlHlOBll lIa IIr}1l1
" HIIBHII Baplijall1'lI. KOII, KaKO IIITO PCKOBMC. IlManC KyC BeK 113 IlJpaGoT",a,
IIfJlIITe OJ], TltnOT OMCfa MacOBIiO ee 113pa60TYBaIHI. oc06eHO oJl6pOtlJil, \I BO
TCKOT Ha V BCK.
PO
Oil OBOj KYC OCBpT BPJ BIIIlOBIiTC II (twpr.HlTe Ita H3KII1'OT Mo:+::aT Il<l CC
HanpaS3T HCKOJIKY KOlle1'aTat\lII1.
II' Sindos. No. 129: By1ll1h 1933. en. 7.
1 L Bynllii 1933. eft, 7 II II
116 Sindos. No. 33011 435.
117 B. Filo\\,. (I,e. Abo_]2. 3 . .5_
11K Ibid, Aob_ 32. 4
11 Ibid, Abo. 31: Bynuh 1931.C,,_ 23, 24
120 KOIl KpaJOT 113 V ac" cc ol1l1ccya3 l1orpe6yoall,eTO lIa 1.;QlbCK3 co I
)i(n.mel{ 1')9(), PaIlO(IIIT1I'IKO lIorpe6yo3lbe. MACED ACf..\ ARCHAI.OL
6p. 12. CJ.(ollje 1991. 183 1111 .. en, 2117.
' 60TCH nO TCXHIIKa II(]. <fJllJJllrpall II rpaIlYMHul,"
311<lT1I1I01' I!aKIIT, IIJpa ..',
, aCfI,JOCTpaIlCTOCT: TCPIIToplIJaJtl-IO CC IlllJYlla ]'I
1I\l<l \tall PilAUYC 11,\ pc. ,",' '6, '
n cn
"roll 11ja II X:1l1KII!lIlK. Mcrycc Jll<lTd <IJpau[lIrnl"l
OXPII/lCKIIOT peniOl1. <1 < . , '
I
".OT.IIJIITC II CTIIJIOT Ha\IC1 H) oa J<ll-.:nY'IOK Ill!"';! e
cpCAHoeT H<l ()Op\1I11 C. f,
6
no
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1I3pa OTyn3H BO...... <
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3aH<lCT'IIICKIi I..{CII1 ,IP K 1 "
. ..OCT TO'1 ce IIC1'II1'C KOII 1I0nOl(lIa no
ronC\\a TCXHII'IK3 }MCUl . , '
TCKOT lIa KnaCII'II/1I0T II xcncHllcTII'IKIiOT ncplloll. KC ro 113pa6oTynaaT OIiOJ
'" 0 ccr" 80 HOB CTII JI HOBII CPOpMII II MOTIISH.
npC'-PlllleT IWKIIT. II CI ,
I1JBCCIII! BIITIORII II Q>OP\\II on HaKIlTOT KC nOCTllrllaT :ma'IIITCilHO
noronCM<l pacnpocrpaHeToCT 1\ BpeMCHCKIi nOIl,OJIra ynoTpc6a. IGlKO 11 11'0 CC
Ha npllMCp Manoa311CKlI01' TlIII qJll6YJIII. 6enenllll co 3MIICKII rnaBII 1IJ111
CPYPKe1'lI. oc06cII0 OHlIC Oil 1'IHI01' m.lcra. UJ1'O 3Ha'lII 1I0C01'IIIIII lICJIOBI! Oil
lWKII1'. 1'011 IIMCla1' II npClK1'II<IHCl y no1'pe6a.
KYJlTllll flPE/l.METlI
3Cl Kyn1'oBIITe Ha CAHa MO)Ke Il,a cc CYIlI! c n opCll
npeTcTaBIlTC " cIIM60nliTe Bp3 npeAMeTIl 1(011 IIMaaT nOKanllO 110TeKJIO.
K ynTH31'a CIlM60nliKa Ila npClIMC1'1I Oil. Tyro nOTCKJIO He MO)KC na cc np"IIIIUlC
Ha !lOKanHQ1'O IIClccnCIlIlC. Cnopc,[I Toa, MopaMC Il,a nplI<l)aTII\IC JtCKCl
npC1'CTaBIITe II ellM60JIII1'C Ha npC,[IMCTlITC 0,[1 nOKaJIlIO nOTCKno. OTKP"CHII
80 elllmoe. Tpe6cmlllITa H Il.pyrll nOKaJIllTeTII. Cll rypll O CC 1I0Bp3allil CO
KYJlTOBIITC HCl MCCHOTO IIClccnCIlIIC.
rOJlCM .!teJI on rp061111Te np"n031! BO norpe6YBalb3T3 UJTO CC
113 HaUJIlOT IIIlTepec MO)KaT,[Ia CC o npe.uenaT KaKO KynT1l1I npCJl.MeTIIII KyJITllfI
CIIM60nliKa l13pa3CHa BO npCTCTaSllTC lIa apXCOJIOWKlI1'C HaOIlIl. Cc Jlo6111lCl
BlTe'[ClTOK llCKCl HCljroncM llen Ila rp061111TC npl1n0311 , HC33BII CII O 011 IIIIBIJaT<I
HClMCIW, npClKTII<IIJa Illill YKpaClla, COIl.P)KClT enCMell1'1I 113 KynTII<I CIIM60nl[K<I.
Co Il.pym 360pOBII, CC 'JlIIIII IlCKa HCMa npCIl.MeTII, O}J,IIQCII O 11113 KOll
He C 11 3p a3CIIO IICKaKBO Bepysalbc, nOIIllT, KynT. KaKO [11'1'0 KC BIIIlIlMC BO
HaT<lr.lOwHOTO IlJnJrCl lbc. CIITC npCAMCTI1 ce nOK,UlIIO 11 3pa6oTYB<Hll1. uno
noce6HO ro 3roncMYBa HIIBHOTO 3l1Jllclhe.
OB<l<l nojana HC MO)KC .lIa ce cq)a TlI K(\KO JIII'l ell aqH1J1I1TC1' l1a
YMCTHIIKOT - r.mjcTOp IUTI! KaKO COBPCMCH ACKOpaTl1BCII encMclIT. TyKy ro
OJ.\pa3YBa Il.YXOBIlII OT )KUBOT Ha nonynal\lIjaTa U1TO rll co:maBan<l 11
npaKTJIKysana. npllToa. Mopa ce np"3Hae BClUTllllaTa 111 YCOrJJaCYUa1bC
Ha IInCllTc CO q)OpMaTa II HaMCHaT<l lIa nOC1li1HClIHIlTC J.\cnQBII 01\ npC,[IMCTIiTC.
44
nOTPE611H MACKII
Oc06ellOTO JI!,-I'IClhC 11<1 norpc6HIITC MaCK!! ja HarnacyaCl nOTpcGaTil
,[Ia C Janp)f(II\IC 11ft CCKOj II<IOn nOCnlllle'IHO, Japanll Toa WTO cCKoja MaCIo.:iI C
np";,ICPOK caM 3a ccGc. nplIToa. KC CC np)f(II\IC no pcnoC.'1CaOT lIiI 1I1I8IIOTO
OTKP"BaJbC.
J. 3naTita MaeKa. (Cn. 58). OTKp"cHa BO rpo6 I BO Tpc6cIIIIllITa
H3pa60TCH<l C 011 Tp,-HlCJOlill IIO naptlC 1111\1 co 3a06JICHil KpaeSII . .n1llo.:OT 1Ii1
nOK jllllKOT C o6pa6cH co nCKOp<lTIIBCH <I)PIl3: rope Mcannap. a HCl TpllTC
eTp 11m nJICTCHIll.\a. MaCK<lTa nOKa)f(YBa KO\16I1uClu,uja HCl nCJIOBII OTIICllilTl1
O}l, nllu,CTO Ha nOKOJIIIIKOT II CTlln ll :mpalili nCTa11l1. H oeOT, oGpa311TC II GrallaTa
K<lK n<l ce {IJOpr.lI!pallli CO OTIIC'J<lTOK. nOneK<I O'IIITC II YCTClTa ee
a B ' IITC IIOTI10JIIi0. llypil IICBC[lITO CTIIJlII3I1paIHl. Bp3 KopeliOT 113 HOCOT C
Ilpl! ;([I)I(all<l lI'leml.
Cnopcn ny6J1 I1KalVIj aTa lI a <1>lInOB. BO rpoGoT ce HajncHl1 OPOJIIII
npenMeTII: encn KOPHlITCKII UlneM II eneH Oil .,rp'IKO-1I11IIpeKIl' Till!.
KpaTep. TPOHO)f(CL.\. ojHoxoa II npyrll Ca,D.OBII 01\ 6pOH3a. cpe6pell pIITOII.
Kepar.m'IKIl canOSIi. IJ,CnOBIi Oll OPYJKjc II yunc pCll,D.pyrll npe,D.MCTII.
2. 3naTiJa MaCKa. 1I0TCKllYB<I Oil rp06 V BO Tpe6eHllwT<I. LI.c ..'l) \IBO C
oWl'eTCl la
m
(en. 59). 3a<IYBaHII1'c AcnOBIJ nOKaJKYBaaT j<lcn<l CTIIJlIlJ<lllllJ<1
Ha O,D.lII1UCTO. OC06CHO lIa O'IIITC. MaCKaT<I C 06pa6eHa co Opm1\1CIIT
MaeKaT<l C lI<ljllell<l co wnCM Oil "rptIKo-IUlIlPCh: II " Tlln.
6POH3CHli Ca,D.OBIi. epc6pclla ' l ama, nClIOBIi on opy>Kjc II nrym JJI<lTlHl II
6POll3CHII IlpenMeTiI.
3. 3naTlia M<leKa (Cn.60). 113pa6oTclla on Tpll arOJlHO napljc JlI!r.I co
3aofJICIIII eTp,lIliL MacKaT<I nOK<lJKYBa KOM6111wUllja Ha OTHCllaT\! IlcnOB11 Ol t
JTII eTO H<l nOKojHIIKOT. I\CnYMIIO /10TCP<lIIll. CellaK, ce lIaceTYBa IIIln
lIBII
IIY
anc CI JIIIK lIa Ma>K 113 cpcnlla B03paCT. 06pa311TC ec 311<l'Ul TcnI!O II CIWKHaTlI, <l
0 '11 e BOBne'lellli KOII KOPCIIOT lIa 1I0COT, WTO ce 3ClC)J,HO MO)f(e Jta ce Cq)ClTII
Ep.n"Ta C Ha3HaljCH<l co TO'lKaCTlI
KaKO IIH,D. IIBllnya1ll lli KapaKTcpIICTIiKl1. 1\<0
M
"c ..... 'r. e BpaMeHCl co nllllCarlll1 II
y60lIll II nllllcapHIi BpC)f(ynalba. " ... " < , ,
r 0 . Tpe6cllllWTa 80 rpoG VIIL
I

J
no yKpy:>KHII Op"<lMeHTII. TKP"CH<I e BO .
B Filow. o.c. Tafel I.
II Ihid. Talel 1. 2.
H. Bynllh 1931. en.
45
Bo IICTIIOT rp06 ce HajJ{CIIII SKYIlHO 52 npcJ{MCTIl on KOII 11 3.QBOJYBa\It:.
6POH3CH IUJlC>.1 Oil .. rp'IKO-IIJlHPCKU" Tim. nBC JlJa1'HIl caHnanH. paK<lBHI{a:
npeTcn. ncxapll II PUTOI! Oil epe6po. KpaTep co BonYTIl. 5POH3CIIII caAOUlt.
Tpll epc6pcHil cpll6YJIli 011 Manoa311CKII Tim co 3MII CKII rnaslt. T.H. OM era
<11ypKCTII. OPY)Kjc. II rJTlI co IIllo'lcCTa rna sa II a<lmOI-101311 'laWKII Het Ilrn<lTa It
JlP. rp060T C MetU.I KII.
4. 3n3THa MaCKa (01. 61), OTKpn eHa BO Tpe6cHIIWTa 80 rpo6 IX.
np"nara Ha )KCHCKa I11I1lIlBIIJlya. J.1Jpa60Tclia C OA TpllaronHo napllc nliM co
3a06ncIIII eTpaHII. O,n Tpll eTpaHI! C BpaMcHa CO JlCKOpaTIIBcH CPPll311CIlOJlHCT
eo I1J1CTCHIlLta. llcTaJlIITc OA JIIIL{CTO Ha n OKoj llll KoT cc 113BCnCHil HCSCIUTO.
CO eJIo60nHO MOJ{cnllpalbC II CTIIJIII 3I1palbc. oe06cll0 YO'IJl IISO Kaj D'/ilTe II
BCtll'fC. llypll II HOCOT. KOj C CCKaKO 113BnC
l
iCH co oTn c'l<:lTYBaJi>C, 0AMna
wa6noHII311paHa npCTCT<lBa. Ha TOj HalUII! 1l3BCAClHi cc II YCHIITC. KaKO It
sAna6f1aTllllaTa HaA HIIB.
Bo rp060T ec OTKP"CHII 6pOjllli npcJ{McTU: ACJIOIHI OA3naTCH II cpcfipclI
HaKIiT (06CTKII. n cpnJl Oil tCpn:aHII , CPypKCTl1. rp"slllI. <tm6YIlII), 6POH3CIHI It
KcpaMIPilol Ca)lOBII , CTaKnCHIl II Kllnll6apcKil npc,l.VICTIf.
5. 3I1aTHa MaeKa (en. 62). MOWIIC cpparMcIITlipaBa.
12S
J.1 3pa60Tcua c
o.a TpaIlC30111.\HO HaptiC J1IlM. CpCll lllUHlIOT II )lOn IlIl O1' ):tcn 11 0TIIOnli0 IICJlOCT<l
cysaaT. Pa60BIlTC CC IIcnOIllI cnl co <111'113 Oil BPC>K3HIl Tp"ar01l'
1II1l.{1I . no.u O'IIITC 11 Bp3 06pa311TC CC npCTCTaSCll1i p03eT" If KOHL{CHTP"'!HII
Kpyronll. OIl nliKOT KOj Tpc6ano )la j a npHKa>t<c nOKojullqaTa 3a
l
l YBalili CC
Acnosli OA OlIllTC" KOPCHOT I-Ia HOCOT, nOTnonHO U1cMaTlI3l1pali0 npcTcTallcHIi.
U cnaTa MaCKa C BO 311aKOT Ha cTIIJ1Il 3alJ,uja. Cc llHlI lI ,ltCKa HilTy CAC" JJ:eJl Ht.: C
OTIICllaT on JIlIL{CTO lIa YMPCI-I Ii OT. H aj )lCHa C BO n CTlllJc n -6CpaHI( 11.
MaCKaTa e OTKpnCHa CO 6 POH3CH KpaTep II xll,ltplija II 3JlaTCH
11 cpc6pcu HaKIIT: rpllBIIII , ctHl6YJln, CPypKCTII, 06CTKII II nl1paMIlAanHI! II
a/o.lCpopOIl)lHII nepJIII.
6. 3I1aTHa MaCKa, (Cn. 63), npllnata lIa >KCIICK3 1I11)l IlSIl Aya.
JtfJpa60TcHa C OIl Tp"arOJlIIO naptlC nllM co 3ao6nci-lil KpaCBII. COCCM<l e
lIeTYTKaua. Haj)l06p o 3a
l
lYB3111f0T )lCII C Hoeo'l'. 3a KOj jacllo ce f JlCAa JlCK3 e
q>opMl1pall no naT Ha OTne'laTYBaH:.C OA nHl(CTO lIa n OKoj llll uaTa. Ce
3a6cIIC)KYBaaT HCWTO n oj aclIl! Tpa nl 0,0: nCBOTO OKO CO IlCraTa II yeTaTa,
cyMapli O 06J1 I1KYBaHlI. Gnlle nCTaJIll OA JIlll.l,CTO MO)Kc6H 6 11IlC nonpCl.{1l3!10
II. BynltH 1933, Cn. I.
III H MlIl{yn'lIIh, ApX<lJCKe lIel{pOIIOne, Cn. 9.
No. 115.
46
OTIlC'laTCHl1. UO nOAOl.{Ha cc OWTCTCHlt Ce 'IIIHIl AeKa cc paooTIl 3a
nOB03paclia IlllnllnllAya. lIaKO COCTOJoaTa AD Koja CC Ii<lora M3CKaT<l lie
,IlWBOIlYBa,lla CC TSPAII Toa.
MaCK(1Ta C OTKpli ell3 Ha Cll HIlOCKaT(1 IICKpOllona BO rp060T 20, n;:lTllpall
510-500 r ., BOCHHO co 311aTHII naHlle1lKn, CpC6pCHII cpypKeTIl co 311<1"1'11<1 "OllyCH<l
rnaBa, c pe6pCIIII <!)YPKCTII. qHl OYTlII II 6CTlCfJlIlI. cpc6peu KaHTarOBIIJlCIi caA.
rep.aaH Oil KIIMI6apcKII nepTiIi. KCpaMll'lKII II 6POtl3CHil C<lIIOIIII, CT01l "
CTOIl'IIHba on: :.KCIIC30. 3naTCH yKpac BO SlIll lIa POJCTa. pacKolllcH rcp.tIClH
COCTanCH O,ll aMcpopoBIlAHII II Tpanc30llJHIII ncplll1, 3llaTHil (plllll1rpallcKIl
06eTKIl. 311(1TCII rCPll311 Oll ryCTo HaBIITKali Ten Co yKpaccHl1 Kpacnll, crc6rCt'
CIIHI,II1P co :JIlCl TlIII 3aBpmCTOl.{1I BO BIIA lIa 3MIICKII maBI! II IIp.
7. 311aTII(1 MaCKa (Cn. 64), npHnara lIa nOMJ1a).l, M3:.K.
1n
Onpllclla e
3aC,Il IIQ co GpOll 3CH !HIICM O,Q " rp'IKO-lIJlII PCKlt " TIm BO rp060T 115, Jl<lTllpall
cca 520 r. J.1 3p a60Tell<l C Oil nap'lc 11I1M co IICnraBIITI Ha npaSoarOJ1I1<l (j1opMa.
J.1 3Bcn:eHa C LtC110CII0 co oTllc'l aTYBalbc O,ll I111l.{eTO H3 nOKOJIIII"OT
11 3soHpeAll0 ycnculIlo 1138nC
l
iCil I1I1K lIa MIIaA '-lose". co IIrCllll31l0
113811ClJCHliTC nCrH, JaKlloneHIITC o'm. 1I0COT. YCIIIlTC II )lCnYMHO 6paSlaTa. 130
rp060T cc HaJAcBlI :.KCIIC3HIt MelleSIt II lip.
8. 311(1Tlla MClCKa (CJI. 65), 11 3pa6oTcn3 Oil Tpane30llAli0 nap'lc J1I1M
np"KCl:.KYS(1 nOTlIOJI HO peallllCTJI'lell III1K IJa cTapHua, IIc611 CII 110 1I;n 11<1
npeu,IIJIlO 3CMCH OTne ' laTOK, CO BCt l! . 3aK1I0llCHil o'm, WIlPOK IIOC, CTll CIJaTlt
YCIiII . 3ao6I1Cll a 6palla 1l1l3pa31lTO II Cl laKllaTlt 06pa31111a II II u,eTO. 13I1COKO IIPJ
' ICIIOTO liMa Ullj a.lleMall3SlIC.ICHaCOARCllapallCIIHllna
l
lUllpe6pa. lloco1. c
OTIiCHaT OA noce6HO nap'le 1I1lM. npCTXOAUO YKpaCCHO co FlJIICBIIIIIIII
opHaMeHTIl (KliMa). lI ajuclla C BO rp060T 56, naTllpaH eea 510 r. Ji.lCIl110 co
KepaMlI'lKl1 callOBII , 311aTeH repnall OIl aMcflopOBI1 ,1l11Il. GItt":OIlYCIlIi \I
"panc301l 1t HIl ncpnll. 3I1aTHll 06eTKil no cJlopMa Ha cflnllllrpaucKa P0'3CT(l,
noncKe 3naTIHI naH)len KIl , 'lIlcJlT CpC6pCIIII q1ypKCTJI co rnaun II Up.
9. 3naTila MaCKa (01. 66). 113pa60Tell3 OA TpKaIlc3Ho Ilap'lC I1IlM.

npllnara Ha )KClia. Cc 3a6cIIC:.Kysa nCKa 1I 0COT II. AOlleKaJle. YCTaTa. ce
H3BIIC'ICHil co OTnC'IaTysaH.C. 1I0nCKa O'HlTe [[ Bchne CC UlCM<lTCKJI
np"Ka)t(1HII. D'iinc CC nplIKa:.KaHIl OTBOPCIllt. co jaeHo BlIllllllHa 3ellltll'l. Bpl
lleJlOTO C 1l0nYKpy:.KI-Ia pc6peeTa AlljaneMa. 3a pa31111Ka OA npCTxOllllaTa,
127 IbId No. 239.
Ie' Ibid. No. 282.
I1'I l hid. No. 322.
47
.11CJlyoa MOIUIIC CTIWIIJllpaIIO. C..:: 3a6encIKynaaT C1'lln11:111 p<1110 npCTCTilBClI1!
yWII.
f\.laCII::1Ta C OTKpllCHa jac,nIfO eo MOWHC GoraTIl JnaTCIi repiHIH
COCT3Bell OJt 611KOUYCilII qmnllrpctHCII:1I ncpnll. JJl<lTCH rCpJlClH on aMqJOpo.
BIIAHII. nllp3MII,1laJlHIIIIGIiKOIlYCHII nepnll. 'IInfJT 3nanlll ManoaJIICKI[ qmGYJlJ[.
CIlHI.lllp On3naTCII cnnCTCH Ten. 3naTHil 4>ypKeTIl co rJT:1BCI II no ABa
TOnQCCTIi yKpacll HCI IIrnaTCI.
1 D. 3naTH:1 M3CKa (Cn. 67). H<lj,neHa co wneM on .. 1(0-II1II1PCKII" Tlln
00 rpoGoT 62. ,naTllpaH cca 520 r. MOWHC C OWTCTelia. U/) 33'IYBail C 1I0COT II
.nenODIl OKOJlY O'IIiTC II YCTClTa. HOCOT C OTIlCHClT. 1I0Jl,CKa O'llI'rc Cc
CTllnllJllpalil'. no q>opMa 6anCMacTII. Ilajnella e BO MaUIKIl rroG, co JnaT1l1l
neUT11 Ha1a6cHIl. 6pOIIJCH npoxyc. )f(CJle3eH f<IC'1 II Ill'.
11. 3na1'IICI M<1CKa (Cn. 68). u,cnOCHO 110 MOUIIIC CTYTKfll!n,
On llCTanilTC Ha nlllJ,CTO jacllo ce paCn03H<lBa caMO HOCOT. npllilara II;'I
KOnCKlJ,ujaTa CTaT<lToc. ccra 130 ATIIHa.
131
OBOj cyMapcu npcrnCAIlCI 3naTIHITe MaCKIl II0Ka)f(YBa 1(CK<I np"CT,HIOT
KOH HIIBH3Ta 113pa601'K3 e ,nBocTpaH. Kaj C.11HII JlIIKOT lIa nOKojHIIKoT C
npeqll3110 113BnC'ICli co oTnellaTYBaH>c. 6e3 ,o,onOJlHllTCJlHO .11oTcpYBaH)c. IIpl!
WTO ee .n0611CIIII pcanllll flIlKOBII, co pCaJIlICTll'ma {IJII3I1oHoMlija. QBa c
ycnewHo 113BC.nC1I0 Kaj MaCKaTa 6p. 8 OA CiIH.nOC. Ka.nc e jacHo (1)OpMllpall
IIHAIiBIlAyanclI nopTpeT. MCT C CJIylfajoT II co MaCK<lTa 6p. 7. Ka1tC ce rnCll<l
jaccH nltK lIa MnaA 'IOBCK. Kaj .npyrIlTc, oTTlc'IaTyo<llbCTO C lunpUlclio
ncnYMHo. Haj'lccTo car-IO no npeJl,Cno1' Ha HOCOT. a neTanliTC ce lI
o1'c
pynaHII
IlJlIl cc coceMa CTllnllJllpalll1.
MncjaTa na cc 3a'IYBa nllKOT Ha nOKojHIIKoT nOTeKIiYBa BO ErJlIICT
YWTC KOII KpajoT lIa crapoTo u,apcTBo npaseHIl cc MaCK II 110 lIaT Hi.l 3C1'olalbC
OTnC'laTOK co 1I0ncKccnojll0 nCHCHO lIJIaTHO. npCKplleHO co IlITyKO. MaCKlirc
CC 1tOnonllllTCJlII0 MOJ1CJllipaHli II CJTlIKa lHi cnopC1t nliKOT lIa nOKojIllIKOT.
nOnOll.H<I cc 113pa60TYBami 0.11 3naTCil nliM co JJ:OIIClrllO CllIIl(albC II yKpaCYB<ilhC
co KaMCI-h<l. n 03HaTII CC BaKBIl MaCK II lIa Thuya " Tutankhamon.
DOII:paJ nIlKOT, TIIC COnpIKaT II noronCM ncn on 611CTaTaY2 11<1 DanK31IOT
norpe6HII CC janYBaaT BO MIIKCHa. OTKPIICIlII so KpanCKClTa IICII:POIIOJJa
(Kpyr A" Kpyr B).1\aTllpaHiI BO XVI SCK. 3a pa3nllKa o.n erunC1'CKIiTC He cc
60eHH. a cc 113pa60TCilil 01\ 3naTCH II cnCKTpOHCKIl n IIM.IU I I HBllaTa ronCMJllt<I
48
1 Ihid. No. 421
1)1 P Amandry. o,c. PL XX
m M SalchH Suurou ' ' .... E
Il.ln, wC 'gyplian Cario. 1987. NO.14S.174_
1\ G, Mylon,L\, MI)'ccnac and II 't-.!
Ie ycenaean Age. New JersC), 1966. No.H4, 97
e OrpaHIl<JCII<l eaMO lIa rn'HHlTa. Ka"OB IUTO e cnY'JaJOT co TpeGeHlllllt..:IITl! II
eIlH}loeKIiTC. M nOKpaJ paJ.TlIlt..:aTa OA erlIllCTCKIiTC. IIHenllpalUlJaTa C lIeTa.
6a31lpalla Hpj HcpysalbcTO no IIIIt..:apIiHIllI]aT3 lIa YMpeHIITC scmlKalll1
Co npoGnC\IOT J<l 1I0TCKno1'O Ha Tpe6eHIIWKII1'C norpcfillll \l<lCt..:1I CC
GaBene noneKe H<lY'IIII1LUI. noeneAHIITC co OBa npHlllmbe CC JalimliHH1.l
\I BJlanliCnaB nOHOSIIK. KOMCHTllpaJKII ru IIcKa:'+':YRallll
BO HaYKaTa. ce onpc,aenyBa 3a erlHlCTCKO nOTeKJIO. nOTemlllp<lJt..:11
ro nocpcnC1'BOTO Ha KpIlT. KaTcroplI'IHO cc 3anara 3a OT<pp:lysalhc lIa
MIIKCHcKaTa. IlnllpeKaTa II rp'IIW-KOIITIIHCHTaJiHaTa KO\mOUCBTU. nORp]y-
sajKII rn Tpc5ellllUIKilTC M3CKII co ertlIlCTCKO-MCAItTepaHeKIlTc 06"'lall H<l
KplITcKaTa Tpa.Qllqllja lia 1111B11H113alllljaTa Ha nOKojIiIlIJ,IlTC. VlaKo Ha KpliT He
CC OTKP"CHII norpc51111 MaCKIl. "aKO 110TBPAa ua aBa MIICJ1CIbe IIi1BCAClia I.!
npeTC'raS<lTa lIa MYMlICt)JJlJ,lIpall nOKojllJIK co MaCKa Ha KOro \ly CC np"I-ICCYBaaT
.11apOBli. cqClla IIpIIK;:J)KaHa 11<1 capKocparOT OA Xarllja
"IIAPAKBIIUII" U "CAIIlI,AJlW
Bo rp060T I OA TpeficllllUlKaTa IlcKponOna oTKplleHa e T.H. Uapak:Rllll<l
(nCcHa). M3pa60TCHa e Olt TeHOK 3naTeil JIIiM co 113JlBOClili npCTII.lla 1I0M;:1nIlOT
npcT CToen JJiaTeH IIPCTCJ-I. KOj npcTcTaBYBa CAHOCTaBJ-Ia <lnKa 6c] r.1aB<l (C'I
69). npli AHOTO Ha nnaHKaTa C YKpaCClia CO 3011a on KPY)KCII Cl1l1pa,1Clt
opHaMCHT. OnllOCHO IIJleTClIlIlJ,a 1130cJ'tella no rCXHIlKa Ha JlC'IYKYB<lU,C, VI 110
rpo6oT VIII C HaJAcHa 311<1Tlla IlapaKBlIlJ,a. co Taa pa3J111Ka WTO KaJ Ilea npCTllTC
He ce 113nnOCHIi. cc lIa]lIa'ICHIi co 3apeliL Bo TCXlIlIKa H<i IIC'IYk:ysalhc,
BO nOTKOSII'leCTO 1I01lC. npCTCT<lBCH e MOTIIS: rOproHa Ha.n ABC XCpaJIIlIJ'Ik:1I
nOCTaSCHIl c<IHlllrll 1\ nBC BOflHII 111'111\11, lIa.n jaj'ICCT 0pHa\leliT. I-JaOKOJlY npa\ICII
co MCaJ-lnep (en. 70).m
Bo rpoGo1' VI I I on TpcGcllIIlIITa l-Jajllcli e 1\ 'IIICPT caHJtaJlII lupa60TcHil
OA TeHOK 3naTCH 11111'01. It! Iia I!IIB cc nORTopysa OTnC'laTCH opHaMclH co
npCTCTaB<I II<J rOproll<l KaKO Kaj H<lpaKBlluaTa (Cn. 7!). Itl 130 rpoGoRII:I.e X II
XII H.:Ij]:lCHII ce C<lIll1all l l. MOlllIIC <jlparMellTllpallll, a yKpacoT 11M C: COCIUII OIl
C1'" co pO'IKa 0" rlJlCTCIIIIH<l.L
WCCToarOnllll IIJlII OCt>lOarOJUIII p03 '" , "
Co CIIM601lll'IliOTO JHa'lClbC lIa lIapaKBIllIIITC II C<lllllaJlIITe CI.!
3<111I1MaBanc nOBeKC anTOp", aMery nOClICAlIIlTC II A. UCp.\I<lIIOBIiK.
... Bn, nonoBilh. o.c_ 2111 It [hid. C1. [4
"B Fllo ...... ox. 1';1Icll1. 1
II Bvnllh 1931.Cn. 7:C.1411:\.
. " Tpe6elllllUTfl 1\ IbllXOBO ClI\lOOJlII'IIlO 'JlIil'IClI,C.
, A Uep":lIlOfllll\,3naTuc"callj\fi,1e II]
)KA. 1'0.1. VI. CD_ 2. Cl.:olljC 19.'16. ,'\07 lilt. .y Oil

HarnacyBajKII fO 3HCl
t
lClbC ua rOprOIlCOIIOt,
CcpUUraT<I "aKO uCKpo<lmnaKC. <lBTOPOT fO nOTBPAYBa MlIcnCI-bCTO ua (1)lInOB
ACKa oSlle 3n<.lTHIi npCltMeTIl cc IIcKny
t
lllBO Har.'1CHCTII 3<1
ynoTpc6a. KaKO TaKBII, TIIC ce uaMCHCTlI Ita My nocnY)f(aT Ha nOKojHIIKOT na
JlojAe nonCCHO itO OHO) CSCT.
IIADrPADIII1/l11
Bo rpoGoT II OA TpeGcHIllllKaTa HeKponona OTKPIICH C ClI,CH
HaArpaAHIlK 113pa60TCH OA TeHOK 3naTeu (en. 72).
Hanfpa,UlillKOT liMa cpopMa 6JHI CKCl AO nOTKoBIlu,a. noneTO C
IIcnonuCTO co opuaMCHTIl 1I1BCACHH BO TcxlillKa lIa IICt[yKynalbC. LJ,CIITpan.
HOTO MeCTO 1'0 3<llCM<l npCTCTaBaTa Ha xcpanAlillKH paCI10pCACIIII naBOIH!. co
HOJCTC nOCTaBClI1I Sp3 CC}lyM KpyK'lIl1-ba. KaKSU UITO CC HaoraaT II Opl HIIBIIIITC
nO}lllfHaTIl H03C. LJ,cnaTa C npllcnoc06clla Ha Q)OpMaT3 Ha
MeAanjoJ-l. IlaoKony CC pe,uaT P03CTH II paCTlITCnHIl opliaMcHTIi. 80
cJ>lInOB HaBcAYBa aHanorHja lIa 6POll3CH pcnjecp HajAcH BO
MaKeAoHuja (ccra BO Dcpmlll. Cn. 11). Ha KOj Ha IICT cc nplIKa:.KaHII
naBOBIi. co Taa palnllKa WTO TyKa naSOBIiTC fli nOTllllpaaT 1I03CTe Bpl
nanMCTa.
Bo rpynaTa liaArpa./l.UIILI,II rn sKnYllYBaMc II pOM60ll.ll.HIITC nnO'-IKII, T.H.
Kap}llfoqmnaKcll. 3acTancHil cc 3Ha'-HlTenHO so CIIHAOCKIITC norpc6YBalba.
11
eAeH cpc6peH npUMepOK nOTcKHyna OA .Il.O}lCKa BO Tpc6eullwTa
nOTnonHO OTCYCTByuaaT. Haj'-lecTo }len ro II cnonllysa Kpynlla
pOleTa. a oKony CC CIfMCTp"tIHO pacnopCACHH scrcTa611nHil yKpacli (Cn. 73
75).
3a palnHKa OA II caH.Il.amlTC, ,QO)f(IIBYBaar
rOJlCMa pacnpocTpalicTocT. nO'-IIIYBajKH co OA MIIKCHa. KOII
AaTHpaaT OIl XVI BCK, 130 pa3nll
l
iHu CPOPMI1 cc jaBYBaaT BO Mana A :mja II lIa
Kunap. KaAC C 3a6enc)Kalla Aonr01'pajHa ynoTpc6a. Ha 1-1<lIll CTO no,Up<llljC.
cr3cMnnap"Tc Oil. 1\ cc jaBYBaaT KaKO HajcTapu, AaTllpali
1l
no VIII H VII BeK. 311a
t
JlITCnHO cc npliMCpOLl,Il TC oTKpnCtill nO
TpaKllja, AanlJ>a HIi no V II IV BCK. Ua cnOMHCMC ACKa lIa,urpaAIIIIl\1I ce
OTKP"CHH If nancKY Ha 3arlaA. BO ETpypl1ja. M. I.II1'IIIKOBa. Koja Mery
nocnCAIHlTC HCTpa)f(YBa'lH ce laHHMaBana co npaWaJ--beTO lIa HaArpa}lHIILI,II
T
e.
BO spcKa co lIaOAHTC Oil. KallojaHoBo 3aKJlYllYBa ACKa ronCMaTa XPOIIOJlOWK<I
50
H B Filow. o.c. Abb. 10, Tafel II. 2, Tafel III.
IW Smdos, No. 203, 349. 357. 362, 281. 417. 43711 np.
, .. , 8. naXTOS. SITULA 8. T II. l.
nncTallqa Ha HClOnllTC uanrpanlllllJ,UTC HajneHII Ha pa31U1 MeCTa BO
CpCAo:eMJCTO HC MO}f{C na J'} pa30TKp"C rCHCTCKaTa spCKa Mcry HIIB. 80 IICTO
SPC\IC Ja OCTasa \I0)l{HOCTa llcKa O.IJ.ACIIHII rpynll ce pa3Bllne HC3a811CHO eAHa
OA Apyra. Hp3 6ala Ha CAeH npOTOTIm COlnanCH BO Ky.rITypaTa Ha IICTOllIIlIOT
MenllTpaH. U I
DPyrll AnmiKA/J1tI1
CIIII.llOCKaTa IICKPO on3 oCillnysa co 311aTHIl IIJBCnCllli no
pa311wlHII <pOpMIl II fOllCM Ha. Mowlle cc 3aCTanCHII naH,llCnKII KOII MO>K<lT
).l.a 611).{aT ,llanrll nOBcKc 0 n01l0011l-la MCTap. a WlipOllllHaT3 C on 1.5 no 3.5
CM. HJpa60Tynallll CC IICT aK3 npanoaromlll. TpanC301lJI,HII 1\
nap'IIIJ-h3. LlcCTIi ce IICTO aKa anIllIKalJ,U11 co Ha3a6CHil KpaCBI!. no BI'A H<l
1lJ111 Kpy:.K1II 130 BIIA lIa pOleTII. CI'TC CC 113BCnCIIII on TCIIOK
nHM II 130 TCXllIIKa Ha IIC'I' opHaMcHTllpalll1 co pa31111\11111 MOTIIBII
P03cTaTa II nanMCTaT3 CC J nyoaaT KaKO OCHOBHII opHaMcHTII. HO )aCTanellll
ce jajllcCTIi yKpaclI. 111111 U1K cc 1l30e}lCHIl npCTCT3s11 na IKIIBOTIIII " APyrll
scrcTa611nHII opHaMcllTII.
HajroncMIIOT ncn 0 ! anllllKaLVIIITc J3 A0611.11 cBojaTa <popMa ITO lIaT lIa
C}lHOCTaBUO CC'lelbC. Co JlP rll 360pOBIi. lJIaTapllTC no.nrOTByoane norQJIC\1II
llIlMCHIl nOBpWlH1II II. Cllop,en IKclIfiaTa lIa Kynyoa'iOT. co CCllClbC C n0611Ball<l
caKaHaTa cpopMa. E.llIIIICTS HO Kaj KppalllTc anllllKaUIUl yKpacclI1I cc p03CTii.
KaKO II Kaj pml60llnuliTC cc p3cnopCnCIIII. OnllOCIlO
YCKllaneHIl co cpopMaTa 113 nIllIKalJ,ItIITe.
no COnp}f{lIl1aTa lIa r peTc-l'aBUTe MOWIIC e III1TepeCCH CnCH 11laTCli JlIIM
co npanoaronllJ cpopr.ta. no y nonYKpY}f{HO IIce
l
iCH. OpHaMeHTIiTC "!BCACml
no TCXlIlIKa Ha IlC'IYKYBalbC. ce pacnopenCIII1 130 Tpll 301111. Mcrycc6110
H3nBOCilli CO 1111111111. HaMc(rra IICn01lllCTJI co jmlcKa KliMa. Bo npBJT;} "jOlla
nplIKa)Kalla C flaJlMCTCI II KpyK'lIl1ba CO l\CHTpalllla IlcnYll'lclta TO'IKa. 110
II IICKaKBIi npyrll npCTCTJBII. KOII 3apanll npeKpwc.tOCTlI Ilil IIC cc
pacnOlHaBaaT. Bo Iia CPCAIIlUII3T3 30lla npcTcTaBClta C 1I.0KP}:lIlta
p03cTa. a on 06CTC IICj31111l1 CTpalill. XCpaJlAII'IKIl pacnopcn
clIlI
cToJaT 1I,\B 11
nJBHl\a. alan IIIIB lIfypll lIa BClIap, TpCTaTa 30Ha KaKO
npCTCTaBa liMa qHlrypa ua BO XOpll30HTa1lCH nCT. a nacnpOTIl uca naTKa
co lIasCnHaTa rnaBJ
I42
(en 76).
6
KanosHiOBO ("IIIBeIlCtd\ o"pbr
101 M tlu'HlKOBa. Morlinna rpo 1I111\a OT c. '.
113BECfl151 AM XXXI. ('0(1)11)1 1%9.45 II It_ co UIITIlpaHa JlIITepaT}pa
' 0': Sindos. No. IH2. lIaJnell 80 poG 25.llaTllpali 540.
,1
O
"'!" CO/lP)f\<1T \'IUTe 1'1"1 lIeUTIi oIl 311<11'0. CO
<1I\BII npCTC1 ,I ,
, IUBCACII II IJO [JOTflQJlHQ lIeT eTlI;!. JacliO r
\I01'IIBII " IlCI\OpilTIIIHlI .... , , '
nl!I\a cc on IleT \IilJCTOp.
OIUle IIPIIMCPOIIII npnBIl BIlC'13TOK 1111 COIl'/CIlII
CII,\IOO.'1I1. nOl'paJ 6pOjtlliTC KP)K'IIII-h<l co 1'0'1"<1. UJTO I\IIPC}\TIIO ro
mH<lt'YBaaT COIII{CTO. T\'KCl CC pOJeTaTa. nTlIlpT<I 80 lIeT II lIan::aTa - CIlTe
CII\l60.'111 Hil catHleTO. On3f-IIICl e IICTClt.:HClTO /leKel "pyroT co 1'O'IK<1 KClKO ()]U,IKa
301 CQUlIe e \IOIJIHC 'leCTO JlPUCYTCIi Hn najoHcKIITC MOIICTI!. CO Il eTII 01' MOTlIH
nCKOpllpali1i ce folllory6poJHII 6POH311 0,0: npeTXOJlHIIOT IICp" On. n TllIlClTU ja
CPC"<lB1BIC ",-HW C<l\lQCTOJIfU cpllrypa - npllHp30K 111111 BO KOM611B alillja co
aIIOHOB<1 'IIlUlK<l. KaKO CTllJIll3l1paHU npeTCTJna Ha Kana'lIllbaTa. n Tll l UI BO
,'lCT II 1111 MOIiCTIl nplInJnUYBalill Ha n COn JIlITC.
MOUIIIC IIH,QIIKaTIIBlla C npCTCTaBaTa lIa BcnapOT. Koja 3I1i],II I TCJllfO
nO,QOi.Vm 3a3CMII MeCTO Ha MOll eTIlTC Ha n 'lTpaj. Scnapor
\lopan liMa 311<Plajllo MCCTO no )fOIBOTOT Ha najollcKllTC n nCMlllb<l " 1000IKO
CHa;KIW ;KIIIJOTHO. IlajBcpojaTllo O.llp(3)'B3j KII J3 f>IOKTa 11 3 1-1 0.
HCTa CIIMGOJllUW eO.Qp:>KII II npCTeTJB3TJ Ha JlaBOT II Jla1311L1,3Ta IInll C Toa
ell \l Gon Iia op" CHTaJlHOTO 60:>KeCTSO Ha COHLI, CTO. MmKc611. TOK\')' BO OBlie
,[lSC npCTCTaBIi Ha CH3:>KHII )KIIBOTHII Tpe6a 1.I;a ce UII,IJ;" CIIM6 11 03aTa 11<1
eJlCMCHTII . co nocpct{CTSO Ha KpllT II Mana A3l1ja. co nOK,UlHIITe
- naJoHC"11.
Bo CIIHJl.OCKaTa lI eKpOllona HCKOJIKY norpe6YBaiba COJlp:>KaT MOIUUC
IIHTCPCCHII npCJlMCTIt. Ce paGoTIi 3a MlllllfjaTyplHI ,lJ;BOKOJIKII 11 3pa6oTCIIII all
)Kene30 CllCl1 npllMepOK C OA 6pOH3a), co Aon r a OCKa 3a Bn pcrUYBalhC
lIa )KIIBOTHII KOII ja BJiCllaT. E.QCH Ta KOB nplIMcpOK C OJl. rp060T 59. KOJ liMa
Bnpcr llaTO KOlba BO Tep3KOTa. a TPCTIIOT ja CnCJl. II OTCTpilllil.
nplIMCpOLl,IlTe O,Q rp060T 11 5. OJI rp060'!' 52 II O,lJ; rpo60T 25 cc 01\ II C'[' 1I 0T
TIIII IH (Cn. 77.78).
JJ,pyrll nsa nplIMcpOll 1l Ha Komi , 0Jl. rp060T 28 liOn rp060T 67 ce co
TpKan<l " cc lI a \! CII CT
, II 3a npCB03 lIa TOBap _ IIPBCII II KOlIIllI lin"
rpaHKlIl4-t (en 79) noc '
.' . nC.QIIil OB npUMcpOK Uo\Ia 3a"yuaHo CIi OIl 01\ rpalll..:J1
BaKBIf CHO/l'llliba cc u aj Acl 1II OA.QCJ1110.
52
1 Smdos. :'\0. 157.224.391 2kl
... Ihld \0.443.295.
Ha n ps nornCll cc '1111111 ,QCKa cc pa60TII J3.QCTcKllllrpa'IKII " SCpOj<lTliO
6 11 GllllC npoTonKYBaHl1 aKO fica lIajAeHII BO nCTCKIl rp060BII.
McrYToa. rpoGOIJIITC 2R 1\ 67 cc )KCIICKII. rpo6oBIITC 25 II 52 cc \laWKIi. a C<I\I O
rpoGoT 59 C ACTCKII. OHa UITO ro nplIBJleKYBa lIaweTO BHlI\laHlle e qlOpMi.lTa
Ha TpKaJlaT<l. OIlHoeliO IW'UtilOT Ha KOj ce I1pCTCTaBeHU. O.llIlOCIlO nocraBcllI1
npC\IKIlTe ua TpKaJlaTa. IIMCHO. No. 224. 39111443 Ha TpKanan II\lJaT no Tpll
IlBC nOCTaneli1i napanC!lIlo. a TpCTan nonpe'lIIo. TaKa II/TO ABCTC
napanCJTClII1 lie CC BPJynaaT co OCKaTa IHt TpKaJlOTO. nocraBcHl1 H8 OBOJ 1Ia'IIIII
npC'IKII Te He CC BO cJlY)KGa HJ cBojaTa YIIKl{lIja. na ce nocraB)'Ba npalU81hC
30WTO C Toa TaKa. OBa lIeMal.UC .lla np"B.rtCKYBa BHIIMaHIiC IIKO I!CTaTi.l
npCTCTaBa 118 TPKl.IJlO IIC ja cpCKaBaMC II Ita lI eTOBpC\lCHIl TC MOlleTl! UITO flI
1I 3,!lananc llepOlIIlTC. J1<1jJIITC II III1BllIITe BJla.QCTcml (CJ1. 81). K aj CIITe OBlle
npCTCT<l BaTa lI a .QBOKOJlK(lT<l lIa Koja CCAII BOJa'! C npocneACHa co BaKOI! Tlin
lIa TpKaJlO. K UKO OJUIC!lIIII npCTCTaBII. TpKaJIO OIl OBOj BIIA C np"Ka)K<lIIO 11:1
MOIlCTHTe KOII ce npllllllwyBaaT Iia "pallOT I1xll c (eIl. 82) KaKO II lIa
AKo ec liMa npe,QBIIJI. nCKJ npeTCTaBIITC Ha MoueTIiTC IIMawr
nO}..lJIJGoKa COnp:>KlIli a. Tpc6a.Qa CMCTaMe JlCK<I II (pOpM8Ta H8 Tpt.:an<lTa C
CJIy'mjlla. 3a npCTCTanaT<l Ii a WJlCMOT t.:aKO KpanCKIi CII\l60Il. 3a COHLI,CTO KaKO
CIIM60JI HJ IKIIBOTOT Koe n aj oHilTC ocoficlIO ro nO'IlIT},I!<lJlC. KaKO II "J<l
nClITp8JIlI8Ta npCTCTaB8 lIa .QBOKon Ka BnC' IeHa OA BOJlOBI! Ha KOj<l CCAI! BOlli'!.
3a Koro ce MIIC!lIi llCKJ npcTcTaBya8 fiO)KCcrBO. JHaCMC nCKa CC CYWTCCTBCIIIi
MOMCHTIi on llYXOBllli OT IKIInOT lIa najollcKI1TC 30lUTO TpKanJTi.I CC
npCTCTanell1l Ha osoj 1Ii:l'II111 TC[IIKO MO)f(C.Qa ce Hajnc OArOBOp. 110. HllBHJTa
nojJBa Ha MlllllljaTyplIlITC JlOOKOJlKIi O.Q CIIHJlOCKan HeKpOnOJl8. He ca\IO UITO
ja nOTsPAysa npCKaTa, TYKy . taBCCTYBII nOJlna60KII COnp)KIIHII. Koja cc YUlTC
IIC MOlKe Jl.a GIIJle oGjaclICTa.
MACII'IKJIII CTOJl 'IIIIM
Bo OBIlC rpoGoBI! . Ka"o II UO IICKOIlKY Jl Pym Hajll.CHIl CC II CKOJlt.:y
. ,. , ,orop"" ceKoraUl DO '111(1)1'. KOII
MIIHI'j8TYIJlIII Maell II CTOJl OB11 . K<lKO II I " .... .
6
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6
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T
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CBOCBII Jl:CH K31l11T8n 1\<1"0 CPCJl,CTBO Ja KOM
a'lOT npeTCT<lnCH Ha ro
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KaKO GO)KCCTBO .
.. ' J N PI IV.ll14. 20.21
.. aBYBaaTCO no TpJlIIOrapKII. nBC cc craBell!!
[vlnelil/KIlTe PCAOBHO eeJ. "
P
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. aKOB paCIIOpc,!l Ha lIora . .
. G Bo ce Haj.llC1l1i rnllHCtll1 MaCH co TPt.:"nC3Ila
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,+,opMa II no Tpil HOrap"ll. I' I I./i .
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nocT3sye3Ho OBOWJC. l(C, . . M
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C ce CIIC"IIJ'al1HO Jl3pa6oTysaHII BO DBlle .llIlMCII'3II11 3a .Ila MaCIfYKIl O.D. IlH,IlOC '-\
G OGoBll Te On Jlpyra crpaua, HOrapKIITC CO Cllon On Apaa uAaT CTaBCHIl 80 rp . 1'0
(Cn. 84), 113rnC,!la ]lCI\a Tpe6a.ua fiJlAaT oGjacHcTIi KaKO nOAfQTOBKa 1a pa)KCu.
KOj cnope,u KPIITCKIIOT 0611'laj ce npasen np" a Kal\O
MIIHIIJaTypclI KynTcll npC,!I;MCT 611n crasaH BO rp060BliTC.
Cnopcn BO Janrp06HIIOT >KIISOT, 0611'lajOT BO rp060Bllre
.o.a ce nocrasYBaaT npC.lI.MCTlI WTO nOKojHIIll,IITC rll KOPIICTC11C 00 TCKOT ua
)KIISOTOT C WUPOKO pacnpoCTpaHcT. EruncTcKIlTC q,apaollil 6 11 11C norp
e
6y_
saHli co CCTa nOKytbllllla WTO rII OKpY)Kysa11a BO TCKOT Ha )KIIBOTOT
TpaKlicKIlTC BClIlIKaHIl 611l1C norpc6ysauif co KOJlIJTC II KOJ-bIlTC. Ouaj
11M 611Jl n03HaT II Ha Arp"j3HIITC_ Ho, 3a C"",uOCK II TC norpc6YBau>a
KapaKTcplICTlltlH1I CC OSIIC MIIHlljaTypHIi ,!lCnOBIl on ,uoMaU.ICU Mc6CJl_ WTO
HajMHory nOTccTysa Ha crllnCTCKO SJ1JljaHIlC.
EPOH3ElJII AnKII
Co npBIITC OTKpIIBaH,a lIa Tpc6cHHWKHTC rp060BII Hajncml CC HCKOllKY
npCAMCTlI KOII n06YAllja rOJleM IIt/TCpCC Mcry HaYllHlIl(IITC. HIITcpeCOT 6cwe
CSpTCU KOII HaMCllaTa Ha OBIIC npCJlMCTlI. O)lfIOCHO HIIBIIOTO 3Ba<IClhC. Ce
pa60T" 3a 6POll3CHil aJlKIi co OpCllHilK 3-4 CM. HajllccTO COCTaSCllil BO llllcpT.
CIITC npUMcpOl(1I no ua,uBopCWHaTa CTp3Ha lIa aJlKaTa IIMaaT no Tpll (nopCTKO
no l.JeTllpll IIJl H nCT) TOlilICHl.{a. a lI a CCKOe YWTe no Tpll OOMa1111 TOIl'ICIIL\a
(Or. 85-87). H a IICKOJlKY npHMcpOl(H 01( HCKonysaH,aTa lIa W Kopnll11 cc lIaora
nplIllcncHo anllC. no npclIHlIK CKOPO )lBOjIlO nOMano 0.0. nor011CMIITC, 3a KOC
nP.C)lMCTOT 6uJl 3aKa
t
iCti Bp3 I(CJl o,u 06JlCKa HllIl C11. 149 CilTe IICTpa)KynatlII ce
113JacHII11e ,IlCKa HIIBllaTa HaMCHa C Hcjacila. e nCKa cc Toa
54
1'6 No. 123. 124. 141-143. 177, 178.226.227.238,276 II ,np.
1'1 G. Mylonas. o.c. 163.
'3
nOllaTOK My 6naro,napaM Ila HoaH Sindos. No. 126. 179. IRO. 271'.
B_ Filow. o. c. Abb 102.
nC110BII on KOlbCKIi J l aM IHI IIJrnCna KaKO KynTcH npCnMCT CO nplfJ<.:a]
Ha ynpoCTcua npCTCTaBa l1a aqlIJOIlOT. H e MO)f(C na cc YCTaHoBl1 co cllrypHoCT
Ipnll cc npllcyTlHl cat-tO BO MaWKIiTe rp060BIl. Hc C n03HaTO Kanc cc HajJlcHIl
aHanOrJlIITC npllMCpOl.{1I BO KOnCKl.{IIJaTa CTaTaToC. 151 MCTO TaKa HC 3HaCMC
,llallil oaKSIl npCnMCTIi COnp)f(CJl IiCKOj rp06 on CIIHj.t,ocKaTa HCKponona. 'IllJa
COnp)f(llHa HC C 113nO>KCHa lia 113nO)f(6aTa 'lllj KaTallor ro n03H3S3\IC. EncH
BaKOD npliMcpoK C Hajn
cH
BO TIIKSCWIIIICKIl n03ja Kaj KOl.JaHl1. 80 cCJ<.:oj
cnylJaj, orp3HH'ICifU cc lIa naJoHcKIIOT, OnHOCHO OXPIIACKIIOT II XanKlIll,lI'lJ<.:1I0T
pcrlloH. CKIlTCKIlTC II TpaKllcKlITC 3HanOrJIil KOIl rll nOCO'lYBa <llllnoB.
np"naraaT Ha 3Ha'IilTCJlHO noj.t,oQUC)f(IIIt norpc6YBaH,a. m
KynTHH CHMEOnlf
COH'IEBI1 CI1M50nl1
KaKO cowlcn CIIM6011 p03cTaTa C BO uajrollcMa Mcpa COCTaaCH )len Ha
opHaMcHTIlKaTa ua 3113THIITC II CpC6pCIIIlTC pOM6olfll,HII nnO'IKII II npyr Olin
anmlKaQll1I - Ha)lrpa,ulllll.{lI, lICHTIl II np. rOllCM nClI Oil. HaKIlTOT. oc06cllo
CIIH,llOCKIlOT. e BCYWIIOCT BO 3HaK lIa COHL\CTO. P03cTaTa C BKnonCHa so
KOMn0311l.{lIjaT3 Ha 06CTKIITC. 6cncrJIIIITc II BO rn30llTC Ha mllllTC co nnO'teCT
IIJlII KOHYCCH 33BPWCTOK (Cn. 26.45-47).
H a cnoMcHaTIlTC 3113TIIII annllKalUllf on CIIHnoc (No. 182). COIH.{CTO C
np"Ka)KaHO no ynpoCTcua cpopMa. MaJI Kpyr co TO'lK3. HO IICTO TaKa IIWaTKIl.
OnHOCHo Sonmi nTlIl.{II. llllja CIIM60nllK3 C nOBp3aHa co COHl{CTO (01. 76).
IT03HaTo C nCKa najoHllTC ro nO'lIlTYBanc COHl.{CTO. KaKo WTO
coonwTyua MaKCIIM on Tllp. TlJC ro np"Ka)KysaJlC KaKO )l UCK. nplIL\BPC:CH 11<1
nOJlr .llPOCH CTal1. 153 K YllTOT KOH COHl{CTO, co KOj, KaKO liTO 113rnC)la.
cc pa3JlHKynane on OCT3113THTC jY>KH06aJlK3nCKIl lI apOnll. nOToPACl 1 C It
apXCOJlOUIKIf.
Co nO'ICTOl{IfTC fl<1 MOIiCTOKOOaJbCTO Kaj najoHcKliTe 1l 1lCMlllbJ:
COHl.{CTO 3a3CMa IICTaKll aTO MCCTO Mcfy npCTCTaBIITC "a MOHCTIITC. n OKpaJ
. a COHI ,eTO KJKO Kpyr co 31)atltl, KpynHaTa pCJJIIICTlI'lHJ npC1CTaoa H ,
, n 1>1 (rn 88 89) HcrOBa ynpocTclla
nplIKa>KaHa Ha j.t,CKJnpaxMIITc tta J-l,CPOlll tTC. '-". .
M. Bacllh. o. c. 22111 229
III P. Amandry. o. c. No_ 180-182. PI. XXVII
151 B. Filow. o. c. 88.
L\] II. 8.
1'10 N. G. L. Hammond. M.lcedonia Volume II. Plate I. c.
55
.. 'l" ',eCTO HOI MoueTIl CO nQfo.talIll BPCJUI OCTII. Toa c ',.
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611 ro nOBpJ<lnC co ErlineT O,!l Bpe\'CTo na EXHaToH. Kora Il aKO C"lMO"1a
SPCMC CQIIl{CTO C nporn<lcc llo 3a ,60)KCCTBO ATCH. "aKO 1DROp
Ha cc ruTO ""IIBec II paCTc lIa 3CMjaTa. Ha saKsa l-taBCnY8aaT II
K)
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npyrll nOJ<lBII... < "
KpllT BO Mana AlIIJa. n03HaTo e nCKa BO flllKIIJa ce Haoran fJa
Y
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HerOBIlOT K " . " , _ ,
06jaclleT KaKO CIH.160Jl 11(1 POT3L(1I0HOTO H3 COUqCTO. TPIICKCJ10Te
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I
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Cc '1IIIUI,[ICKa senapoT IIrpaJI 3Ha<laj Ha YJIora 110 )f( IIBOTOT lIel n ajollllTc.
H eronaTa npeTcTasa C Co'!{p)l(ll Ha Ha 3JIaTHaTa nllO'IKa Oil Clwnoc {en. 76).
Ka,[le no e,[lila xepanllllllKCl KOMn03uQllja e npllJlPY)f(ynall O,Q nan, npCTcTaBil
Ha Benap C all11lllV1paUa BO 311aTO Bp3 WJICMOT O,Q rp060T V III Oil Tpc6cHllluTa
(Cn.4).''''
BcnapoT e npeTc1'ClscH II KaKO nOe.ll. lflle'lHa cpllrypa BO TCPClKOTiI,
Haj,[leHII BO UCKOII norpc6ysaJ-ha BO CHII,n:ocKaTa Ilc roll oTo
CIIM60nll'IKO II KynTHO 311Cl'IClbC MO)l(e611 e Onpa3euo II no Toa IUTO 311a'IIITcnHO
nonOQlla. nyP" 110 sTopaTa nOJIOBHHa Ha IV BeK npen Il.e. ro c p cKanaMc Kat..:o
MapK3HTHa npcTCT3Ba Ha pescpcHaT3 cTpaHa ua MOllel'lITC IIa (C1.
90). BcnapoT C CHJ:>KHO IKIlBOTHO. reorpacIJcKII nOBp3all0 3a 6a11KallcKoTo
nOJl,ue6jc. n3 II crOnQTO npllcycTBO BO 3a HaeT'II1 CK liTC npOll3BOJI II II BO
MOHCTOKOBalhCTO Ila lIaj oHcKIiTe BJianeTeml Tpe6a.ua ce npoTo11KYIW BO Taa
CM!I Cna,
56
J N. o. c., PI I. 104
H Bynllh 1931, Crt. 55 II 56.
No. 45. l1ajLleH 80 rpo6 68, naTlipaH 470/460.
H GachJcr, DJe Anlikcn Miin/cn Nord Gricchcnland I Makcdonia und Paiom;ll Berlin
Tare! XXXVII, 20-24.
3MI1.1A
K UIW "YJlTCH C! IM60,'1 J\III,FlTii Haora rOJ1C\1a npmlClia BO IIpUlnBo;urn:
Ha Y\lCTIIII' IKIlTC .!(lIlaCTIl Il aj'lccTO Ja CpCK3Ba\I C "aKO JilSPUII.:T<lK lIiI
rpuB1II1TC. 'JLIIl KpaCSIl cc o6nllKYBllHil BO $op\la lIa )\1I1CKa r.'laBil (Cl, 27.
28). <pllfiYl1 II Oil Ma110a)"CKII Tlln COnp;+<aT CJIC\h!IITIIII;1 ],\111)<1
Ellna <PYPKCT<l OIl Tpc6CII IIUITa \I\la 3aBpmCTOK BO BUn Ha JlUC CII\ICTPII'II\O
rn<1BII co CRlln.:allll onalliKIl (en. 55.56)1 "011 tlOTCCTYBilirl
lIa aurcau\. KpaJiCKII c IIM60n nplICYTCl1 80 enmCTCKIi Te rp06HIlltii (lla IIP;\\ICp.
r ll 1I0caT lIa rJla B<l Ka 1\0 JtllJaltC"ta 'lyBapllTe npell 811C)OT 11<1 T yraHKa\IOIiOBaTa
rpo6HlIlt
a
), Onaa cfJYPI\CTa C lI ajAClla BO rp060T I. KilllC C OTI\P" ClliI
norpC6l1aT<l MaCKa Koja 1I11 ' I C110TO liMa npC1'CTasa lIa 1I<lcna, npoTonKynalla
KaKO KpanCKH CIIMGO]!. MO)l(cfili II lIalU<lTa CPypKCTa liMa Ti.lKBO "Jlli'I 'I Clhl!,
KaKoB IlITO C cny'mjoT CO 6CJlCr3Il1ITC, Kaj KOII CI)OpMaT<l II<l JMlq,nfl
li Ma a nCK BaTlla np"MClla . Ta Ka II pa'[KllTe lIa 6POll3ClliiTC Ca1toB11 011
TpcGcllllurra IIM,laT (IJOp"1<I lIa JMlIja II 0611I1Kynallll 110 Bllllilil
3MIICKll rJlaBa
lN1
(ClI. 91). np"MClla1'a lIa osoj KaKO JlCI\OpaTllII Cl1
ItOnaTOK lIa GpOH'JCHIlTC callOSl1 " naKIlTOT npepacua BO Til. "HIIICKII CTII:I",
3a '11111 OpOIl3BOn il" IlCIiTPIi C BOO<ICIIO Il CKa Tpe6a Aa CC 6apaaT lIa naiOIIC"O-
MaKCAOIICKIlOT npOCTOp,
AKO CC Gap a IICj3111101'O n OTCK110. MopaMe lla cc C8PTIIMC 1\011 EnIllCT,
a nocc6HO KOH KpliT II 11PO'IYCIIIITC CTaTYIi Ha Sonll!.'\. Onnrro c
npJl(paTCIIO MIICJlClhCTO ACKa 3MlljaTa liMa XTOHII'ICU KapaKn:p. K<1KO iKllBOTlHl
Koe )l(IIBCe li on JeMjaTa 1I08p3alla e co KynToT IJa MpTBIITe, K O\1CIITllpal"l l ro
" YJlTOT lIet 3Mllj aTa KOJ cc janyna lI a KpIiT. Clip J1 collapJl Byntl WJIICCYllil
MIIC11Clbe nCKa 3MlijaTa CC jaBYBa "aKo 'Iysap Ha AOMaUlI-IOTO orlllllll:rc. lI a
CHOPCll TOa Tpc6a Ita cc KaKO 3<lUJTIITHIlK Hll )fOIBIiTC. B aKa ofijaCli CT
KapaKTCpOl' lIa JMlljaTa liMa no rOJl CMO onpasAysalhc BO IICjJlIIl<lTa npllMclla
6 CHIlTC caROBl I TII C Cl!
BO HaKlIl' OT IlJIII KaKO Cl1C\I CIIT anJll1lt11pail IIa POH3 , '
113pa601'y"all ll 3a ynoTpcGa lI a )IOIBIITC II KaKO TaKBIi CTaBalll1 BO
Toa IIC cc npcll McTII co II CKJlY'lIlTClIIlO KynTHo 311a'[C.bC. Inpa60rcHII j,
norpc61111 IlC11I1.
B Filow, o. c. Ann. 4.
Ihid. Ahh. 42.
Ib L. Wonlcy, Potcci civili zaciJc, Zagrcn 1966,483.
H. Bynl1h 1931. c.'1 J6.
57
JlAB
nanDl' ce CPCK3B3 KaKO tleCTa npCTCTaBa IIa rpo(hlllTC npIlllOJII 0
.
113LUIITC HCKPOIlOJlII. npllKa>KaH e K3KO anJIIIKaLJ,IIJ3 113 UIflCMOT On rpOOOT
VIII on Tpe6cHlIUIT<l, (en. 4) 113 3naTHIlTe n]]O'-lKII OA CIIHHOC (Cn. 76) Ka]:1Ce
npIIAPY)KCIi on sCliap. II Ha H3nrpa,D,IIIIKOT OIl rp060T VII on Tpe6cIHilUTa
(en. 72). n03H3T3 C II CAlia 6poH3cHa anJ1JIKaLtllja OTKp"cHa BO MaKC1l0HIlJa.
cera BO EepnIlH.'''3 AaTilpaHa BO "peaTa n0110811Ha Ha VI BCK. J.1 nil CilHa 3na1'Ha
anmlKaLJ,nja 0,1\ rpoGoT VI ce Haota IfCTaTa npcTCTasa.
lI
)'!
Ha TpllTC nOCnC,IlJIII npIIMCp0LJ.1I nplIKa:>Kalill ce '-fIIq>T nasOB!! BO
xepaJ1,1:\lllJKII pacnopcn. WTO MO)f(c6n liMa nOJlH3KBO 3H3
l
lClbC all. 1I0CLl,III-IC_
llHaTa npCTCTaBa Ha naBOT. HaKO rlf ACJln ronCMa epcMcHcKa AIICT3111(3, Ce
H3MCTHY03 napancn3Ta CO pcnjeqm3Ta npcTcTaB3 lIa flauoBcKClTa Kanllja no
MIIKcHa. MilaKY, Ha noacKc TP"HO)KHIIUU o,Q 6POH3cII"Te ca,QoBIl 1I0rapKIITe
CC 06nllKynaHII no cpopMa Ha naBOBCKIl lUenll.
165
MaKo naBOT II C c cncUllcpllKa Ha najoHcKHOT npocTOp (Xepo.Qor
cnoMcilYBa ,QcKa ncpcllcKaTa sojcKa npc,QBO,QcHa 0.0: KCCPKC 611na Hana,Ql-lara
0,Q naBoall), Hawon MCCTO BO ,QcKopauHjaTa Ha npc,QMeTIlTe nOKaJlIIO
npOIl3BCllynallll. HcronaTa cllM6onllKa, ceKaKO n03ajMcHa Oil onllCKiloT
YiCTOK, nC)KU no jaKaTa npupO,l1;a Ha naBOT,
511K
OcoficlIO 3Ha
t
lajHo MCcrO BO )KIIB01'01' Ha najoHI1TC 3a3CMan 611K01'.
H crOBaTa npCTCTaBa lIaj'-lccTo ce cpcKaBa Ha MOllCnlTc, E,nHa ccpllja "'IOHcrll.
I(oja CBOPOHOC ja npllflllwyna Ha ,D,epOHltTe If IHlnlH1TC Bna,l1;CTCml, lIa ancpCOT
UMa npCTCTaBa Ha KnCKliUT 6IIK co naHa3a.o: CBpTCHa rnana, ,nO,QCKa Ha pCSCpCOT
C u11;na6HaT KsallpaT nOncnCH ua llcTHpn nomltba. Cnwllla ccpllja CO npCTCTasa
Ha 611K WTO Ami Tene, HCTIIOT aBTOp ja nprmHwyua Ha xanKuAcKuTC DOTllall,
Ha AHTCMYC 11 Ellcja. KaKO npeTCTasa CO OAPC,QCHO CHM60ml11KO 3Ha'l CILe,
6IfK?T c npHKa)KaH lIa peBcpcHaTa cTpaHa Ha MOIlCTaTa Ha oacrapcj (en. 16).
oBoJllaT no CTas Ha lIanaral-hC, VI pcscpcnaTa CTpaHa Ha MOIICTIITC Ha ,D,OKIIM
e HCnOnHC1'a co IJpCTC1'asa lIa KnCKHaT filiI( co Halla3aA cnpTClla rnaBa. (en.
15) '" M 6' . <
. nan HK, oBoJnaT npe1'cTaBeH BO MHpila CToellKa n ono)K6a. c
Cnopen B Filow. o. c. Abb, 10 u II.
11>1 Ibid, Abb. 12.
1M Ibid, Abb. 7288: Bynuh 1933, en. 31. 34, 38.
1... o. c. PI. II, 815; PI. XVIII; PI. XIX, 2. BastarcJ. PI. II, 8 I>IOUeTa H3
58
npnKa)t{ali lIa ,rtllofiol10T Ba TEYTAO:r Cc pafioT1I3a en,
. "I lHCTBCIi npliMcpOh:
Ha MOHeTa co DBa CnopCA Hcj311HaTa npet{HOCT II MCCTOTO KaAC e l-JajncHa
(MapKona Kyna KaJ J],Cf..HlP Kallllja), ce CMCTa ACKa TCYTaoc C najolicKII
Bn3,QCTcn, a CliopeA CTllnOT lIa npCTCTaSIlTC 11 TlmOT Ha KallTapOCOT on
pcscpcnaTa CTpana Ha AIl060110T. ce 3aKnY'IYBa ACKa TOj BnaAccn BO STopaTa
nonOBlllla HOI V SCK (Cn. 91).1('7 npCTCTasaTa Ha 611K Ha HaJpaHIlTc 1I1AaHIIJa
Ha cT06cKaT3 KOBlIlIlla IIC e l1aKo ru Aenll ronCMa SpcMcllcKa
npllKalOT Ha 611KOT Tpe6a Aa ce c<paTIt KaKO TpaAlIl\lIja cO'lysaHa
0,Q apxaJcKIlOT ncpllOA.
Cnopen 1'I0naTOKOT Kaj E. rancna. Ha KPIIT 6nn BO ynorpc6a enCIi RIIA
3naTHil MOllcnl Ha KOIl 6U11a np"KaIKaHa r11aB3 Ha 611K. KaKo CAIIIIIIll3 Ha
apenHOCT BO pa3McHa Ha CTOKIITC ce o6jacHysa II HerOBOTO npucycTlW lIa
MOHCTUTC.
If09
I1KOT lIa najolicKIlTC MOliCTII ceKaKO liMa IICTa IIII CllIlpallllJa.
Mo)t{c611 C oua njJIl'II1113 uno Ha npCAMeTIlTe OA apxajcKIiTc HCKponOJIII. uno
CC npenMCT 113 lIaWIiTe IICTpaIKYBalba, 61lKOT He e oc06cll0 'leera TeMa. KaKO
neKopaTIIBCH nOAaTOK BO TpKanC311a nnaCHIKa anJlllllllpall C lIa BpaTOT 111\
Tpe6cIII1lliKII01' KpaTep BO Co<p"ja (Cn. 92), BO CospUlclia
1t3sen6a.
170
bliKOT 6un MOUJIIC 1l0'IIITyRaHo )l(IIB01'HO Ha KpIlT. cyncjKII cnopcn
6pOj HIITC npllK3311 80 Kp"TCKaTa YMcrHOCT. KaKBa e HerOU31'a spCKa co
cnmCTCKIlOT Anllc, OCTanYB3 OTBopeHO npawalhC.
A<1>110HOBA 'IAWKA
CTltnlt311paHaTa aq)lloHoBa 'laUlKa C '1ccr nCKOpaTIIBCIi CI1CMCIIT
anllllllllpall 113 lIaKl1ro1' (Cn. 93). K3KO no npaBllno npllcYTu3 C 113
ManOa311CKI1Te ctHl6ynil '11Ij n3K C yKpaccH co TPUlIJIII nCT acp"OIlOBII KYTIIJKII
(Cn. 44). Ha IlrmlTC OA nenonOIlCCKIi rllil CTltJII13llpaml a<pllolioBII llaWKIl ce
nope.ucHIl BO Hil33 non IIJIO'ICCTa1'a maBa (Cn. 47). 3a cpll6ynJlrc IIl11'JlIITe co
acpHoHOBI1 C Aocra iHlluYBano 130 apxeolloUJKaTa nll1'cpa1'ypa. oco6cllo
BO npcKa co IHIBHIlO1' TIHiOnOWKli pa3Boj. MerYT01\, 3a KYllTHOTO 3l1a'ICtbC lIa
aq)HOHOBIlTC "peTCT<lBII no YMCTIIII'IKIlTe npolilBonll cc oCBpllyBa BJI.
nonoBIlK YK<l)t{YBaj' Kit lIa 3Ha'Iaj llll MOMCHTII Ja npilcycTBOTO lIa CTl lnl' 31lpalili
, ' . 171
acp"oHoBIl KYTlljKII lIa H3KII1'01' on apxaJcKoro BpCMC.
167 B. Jllln-1Il1l ' n JOCII\>08CI01, Cpe6pell JlI!06on Ha lIajollct:1I0T ananeTen Tcoyl;lohl.
MAKE,U. HYM. rnAc. 6poJ I. 27.
16& 3a CTo6cKliTe BII}lII. Gaeblcr, o.c. I II. T XXU22.
169 B. Gavcla. Istorija anticke Grcke. Beograd 1978. 134.
F I
Abb 35a35c, Tafel VII
no 3a "paTepoT on Tpe6cllllwTe. lOW, O. C. .
111 Bn. nonoallh. o. c. 28 1111.
59
AqlllOiIOT ..:a":Q CpCJICTBO ]a YCllIlBalbC lIao(a OllpalJJ\\'UalhC """'':0
rpo6cII npu.nor CO orJ1cJlII<l BCPYB<llhCTO lIc.-a )'.\IPCIIIIOT C Ctl\IO I1PI1BPC'tCHO
YCnJlCIi B<lJ..:.OOTO MJlCJlClhC. IIPCllJ1O*,CIIO OJl Cbarl PICilrd. 1I0TCJ..:.IIYlla 0;1
11<1 JI I1jt\;IC\lilT<l OJI Vix . ..:oja 11\1<1 CpOJIl111 C!1C\ I CIITII CO
\Ia..:enOUC..:IIOT Ita":IIT. Picard YCTilUOBII.1 nCtW K)T.111,.C Iitl CKCTPCMLITCTIiTc
npCTCTi1BynaaT CTlJ.'lLlJllpall<l aq)l10110Ba rnaBWIKiI. Ka.-o al/a!ton'J;} Iii
nOCO'lyna 60rllll.-aTa O;t LUll ..:aJ KHOCOC. KOJa Hil r.naBaTa liMa JIItJiqC\I<I
q,Op\\;lpalla Oil TpLl aq,II()110BlI 'I<lUl":11 (Cl1
no.-paj tt<lJ..:.IITOT. CTl lllllJllpaHtl aq,1I0Hona 'lalUJ..:.a no PY/IIiMCIITHpalliL
q,OP\ltl CC cpChiloa II ua pa'IJ..:.IITC on GpOl13eIllITC CilIlOBII. OCOOCIIO Iii!
Tpc6cIIIIIUJ..:.IITC (Cl1. 95). ' npCTcTaBilTa ntl aq,lIoHo1' o,u lIaJ.dl1'OT cc rvilll Btl
paIl0<lIlTl!ltJ..:.1I0T ncp"O/I L1 IIpCMIIII)na no sne3nceT yKpae. 110 ];\TOa 10
epCKtlBtlMC JII<I'ILITCnIlO 1I0pa1l0. )'WTe BO VII BCK npcn II.C .. J..:.<lf..:0 K)'JI'I'CI/
IlpC)1MeT Ll3pa60TCil 011 6pOIIJ<l. BO q)OP\ta Ha aq)IJolloBa 'IYUlKa co I\i\ll<l'tc
KOC IHI I\paCBIITC IIMil IlJpaCTOllLlllO BllJllla f1TlI'ljll IIPOTOMII (naTKa).l
GnOj cy'lapcll OClIpT II aHaIlll]a apXC0110IllKIlOT MaTcpLlja.l
nOKa:+:yn<l JlCKa lIa IIUjOllCKI10T I1pOCTOp 80 apxajcKoTo npCMC CC (llOpMllpa.1i!
CJlHJ Ky.nTypa KOJ<I CTOC.:lil non ClillHO BJlIljaHLlc Iia DllllCKIiOT J1 CTO" II
YlCTO'III1IOT MC/lI1TCpUIl. YlnCIlTC IIC ce aBToxTOHlI, 110 11<1 tl<ljOIICKIIOT
6a.'1K<1I1CKIl UpOCTOp nO:+: l1n)'8<1il1' no.nH pa3noj. conpmeHCTno 80 TCXHLII\IITC 1\
lIC . .'10CIlOCT BO \1,lIl11qJCCTllpalbCTO Ha l13pa30T. Toa C CJIY'I<Ij co "J!1aTapn':IITr.:
TeXHll"lI. co MJlIOa"JIICKIlTe (Im6y.nll. co K)'11TOT Ha 3MlljaTa. aCI)l101l0n<lT,[
'-IaUIKa II HI1Jil itpyrll nojaBII KOIl Kym,lIIHllpaaT BO o6noIKynJlbCTO Iia TcnOTO
Ha I10KOJHI1I(IITC co :JJ1aTHII MaCKI!. AKO ro nplIaTIIMC MIIC11ClhCTO Jtc"a
pcnmllllTe IIil KIIClKcneKlI1'C rp060BII npllnaralle Ha najolleKa 1I011)'n<lltIlJiI.
MopaMC,({il CC 3UllpalllUMC KUKBa C IlpCKaTa co ErlllleT. KpliT II Mana A311ja II
ua WTO ec 110Jl}IGlTTLle ACJlYOillbii WTO IIi1Bncrne BO lIi1j'IYBCTI3IITcl I1JaTa c(I)CpU
IIU 'tOnCf..:OT. no ItYXOBlILIOT ::+:IIBOT I/a najolHlTc.
n Ch. Rrv. ARCH. 49.53.
: II Bymlh 1931 C.'I. 4}!; IkntOT 1933. Cil. 29. 30, 32. 33.
80 1I3JUORO "PC\tC co6p 1\
. aUIl KaJ . MrrTpeBcKII. BII,Q111I3T<l\ty 'Ja6. 21 J
60
HCTOPHCKA 3AJJ,HHHA H APXEOJI OlllKH
n OTBPJJ, H
AKO eaKaMC nlllooapaMC "OPCIILITC lin nojaBliTc Ja KOII 160pynaMc
no npCTXO):lII.OTO nor.nuBJe. 611 Tpc6uno Ila cc HpnTLI\IC IlO 6pmnelioTo UPC\IC.
Kora IIU EreJclw6<1nKallCKlloT IlPOCTOp ec 0IIBIIBU11C MLlrpaQll1l IIITO JI.onc.rlC
110 roneMIl npoMcHLI no COCTuno'!" lIa nOIlYllaQIIiITC. 110. "y"a nenllalll CC
cynpYBaMe co np06ncr.1II. KOII CC OJlIICCYUilaT IIU oBa BpCMC. no
OHaa q,opMa BO KOF' CC AO IIac,rlojllclIIl. AC11ynaaT lIeUIiCTIIHIlTO. HaCTaIlLITC 11
JliI'1II0CTIITe ce TpaHcq>op\tltpafILl no IIpcnullllja. BO KOLI TCWKO :Ia cc
II'J):InOiI IICTOPIICKU IHtCTIHIU. CcnaK. TlIC ncnyuaaT Ka"o naJIC'\HO cxo Ha IICIlITO
J11TO lIanllCTIiHa ec CJIY'III.'10. C 1I0Ka:+':<l1I0 nCKa Mllory MIITonll. Ha "0Il
11M CC nocacTyuano ManKY noscp6a. CC BIiCTIIIICKIl ItCTOpliCKIt II<1CT<lIIII.
upxeonOWKl1 nOTnp):ICIII!. A TOKMy onllc II<lCTalilt 611 \to::+:e11t! n<l rll OCaCT:lilT
KyJlTypHIlTe It IIYXOSIl IlTC apcKII Ha JY::+:llo6a.1K<lIIC"1I0T npocTop co
II eTO'II{OM e)111 TC pa lie K 1\ 01' pc rllOI1.
1l0eerawIIIITc cornCJtYBulha lIa ITp06J1C\laTItKUTil He ynilTyBuuT ,({<l ro
HUCO'H1Me nHIIMallllCTO KOII Y1l0raTa II1TO ja IIMU 01ll1rpali0 OCTpOBOT Kpl1T
PaCllo.no::+:ell 80 ItCIITapOT lIa CpcnOJC\ljCTO. 01lHOCII0 HU rpallllQilTa Mcry
ErcjcKoTO Mopc II MC,IlIITCpaIlOT. lIa KPIIT \Iy GlIlIC 1I0,({C}l.l/aKBO flOCT,HlHII
jY::+: I I06a!1KaIlCKIl TC npOCTopl1 OA CJlllil II Muna AJIIJa co DJIIICKIiOT MCTOK 011
Apyra CTpalla. n pCflOJlpCACl 1 no f1PllpOJltlTU IIU cBojaTa rcorpacKa 110110::+:6<1
KOII MopclInoBcTllo. K pi IT 511n 110 COCToj6a An OJIPJl<YBa 11llTCII31IBIIII KOIlTilK1"11
co lIanpcJtllllTC t\ I IIHI J1IIJaitLILI KOII ro oKpy::+:ynanc II KaKO TaKon IIrpUlI ynora
IIU nOCpeJlIIIIK no npcllecy"ulhCTO IIU KynTyp1lLll'C IIPIIJl06I1BKIl. 110. BO lIeTO
BpeMc pa3BII1I eonCTBClia KynTypil Koja napuncnu no '({peBHII01' CIICT
OIlWTO C nplt<l>aTCIiO JICKil IIconlfTcKOTO lIuccnCHIIC 11[1 KpltT
1I0TCKHYSU o,u jyrOJanilJlIIOTO KpuJ6pc:+:jc lIa Muna A3I1Ja. Ce CMeTU nCKU lU
npe\lc lIa ):IIIHUCTlI'IKIITC 60p611 no EnmcT 110)1 MCHcc. HO nO'leTOKOT IIU JII
M lI11eH IlyM, IIJnCCIIO lIaCClIClIlIC Jil lIanYUlTIUlO ,({ClITaTa HU \Ill II CC HUCC.'l 1l.10
lIa KpIiT. ApXe01l0WKil n01'8pJlclIIl. co Olmc KOIITUKTLI Mcry EnIOeT II KpIlT.
61
noselleHIl ce npSJlTC m.myncli WTO KC noncn
aT
no C03/tClumbC l-t a CJHi;}
. 175
ll,IIBIIJlIl3all,lIja II CMY CBOJCTBCHa.
Ka...:o nOMopcKa ClIl1a co SIlCOKO pa3Bllcna KynTypa KPIIT yenean ita
BocnOCT3SlIBJ1l1jaHlic Bp3 erejcKIITc OCTpOBII , Ha II ManOCl311CKOTO
Kpaj5pc>Kje. 3a DBa najpaHo SPCMC ce Bp3ysa npecen6aTa Ha
KplITjalUlTc 80 AHanOJlnja. Cnopen npenal-illCTO. TCYKPO ( EVKPO'l) CO CBOjal
Ta1'KO ra lIanYUlTlIll KpllT II ce HaCemlJl BO OTKaKO Ja OMa)KIIJI Csajara
KCpKB Apll36e (IU1II 6aTaja) 3a UapAaH. TOJ CTaHan POAOH3
t
lanHIII{ Ha
TpojaHcKaT3 1103a.
176
Cnopcn n mweppoli. KpHTjaHIITc My nOJI,nrlla .. 1e
A C
. T 111 A 0
CSCTIIJlIIWTC Ita nOllOH MIIHTCJ 80 poa.lla. K IIMaMe npaBO asoj
nonaTDK na ra CMCTaMC 3a SCPO.llOCTOCH, MO)KCMC .o:a 3ClKllY'IIIMC l1ell:a
TCYKPIlTC BOAaT nOTCKno 011 KpllT II ,o:CKa HllBHaTa npcccn6a CC COBnara co
SPCMCTO lIa OCIIOBa.bCTO lIa Tpoja.
Apyra nCrCHlla so Koja CC HilccTysa IICToplICKa BIICTlllla e npIIK33H,ITa
3a Capne,o:OH. KaKO WTO paCKel)f(YBa XepOAOT,178 Kora MIIIIOC ja npC3CMJn
BnaCTa Bp3 KpUT. HCroSIl OT 6pelT CapnCAOH, npCTCII)1CH'r lia npCCTonOT. GIIJI
npllf>tOpaH Aa ro HanYUlTIl Kplt'r co CSOIITC npHl3p3CHIIlJ." II Ail cc 113ccnll 80
AH3,LtOnllja, BO 06naCTa fluKllja. Cc CMCTa ACKa OBlle npcAaHlija cc II
apxconOUlKIi nOTsp,o:CIIII. YCTaHOBCHO e SCYWIIOCT ACK3 KPIITCK,lTa
apxlITcKTypa liMa ronCf>tIl CO Manoa3l1CKaTa. BnpOtICM. npCKIlTC Ha
KpllT II AHanonllja CC nOTBp,LtCHU OA nOBCKC aCnCKTl1. KaKO UITO C cnOMHaTo.
TeYKpOBIlTC KpllTjaHIl BO TpoaAa My nOAltrHanC xpaM Ha AnonoH, ana",
IJIIKltja C I.J.CIITap Ha KynToT Ha AnonoH It ApTct.lIt,o:a. Ce CMCTa ,o:CKa KpllTe
POAHO MCCTO na AnonoH, UlTO C nOTBp,o:cHO CO TCKCTOBIITC lIa rJTIHlC1II1Te
Ta6
m1
1.J.1I11CnllWanil CO J]uHcapHo 8 I1iICMO. Toa 3Hatlll,o:cKa KYJlTOT lIa AUOllOH
" ApTcMI1Aa C npcllcccH BO AHaJl,Onnja OA KpllT, lI aKO. cn opcA aHanOr1l11Te
3a AnonoH cc CMCTa nCKa liMa AHaAonCKO-BaBHnOHCKO nOTCKno. A. KaKO
WTO n
3HaeMC, aJOllllTC ro nOllllTYBanc Anonol! II CAHO )f(CII CKO 60)f(CCTBO
II,LtCHTllcp"KYBaHO CO ApTCMIIAa. 3a Koja naK CC CMCTa ACKJ lIaCTallana co
CIIM61103a 1Ia pa3nll'HB1 60)f(CCTBa, npBcHcTBCHO CO MIlHOCKaTa 60rlllba.
CnopCA l1aKO 3csc My 3anOBCAan Ha AnonOH OA Aenoc (Ka,gc cnopcn
OBaa C pOAC11 ) BCAHaLU Aa o,o:u BO .Il,cnu, TOj IlpBO O,gll Kaj
Xllncp60pcJU.IITC Ha CCBCP, ria nypl1 nOToa BO Acnu, OA WTO npOll3ncrYBa
ACKa rpI.J.IITC nO,l.\0l.J.ua ro npllcpaKaaT KynTOT ua AlIonOH.179
62
171 L. Woolley, o. c. 25.
176 Apd. Bibllll. I 1111.0100. Sic. IV. 75.
TI Alcx 1302" II. co CXOmliITC.
Herod. I. 173.
l'l't Ibid IV, 32.
XP01W110U1KOTO tfJ
11
Kclipalbe Ha CapncnOHOBaTa G
'" < npeccn a HO
AHa,Lt01ll1j3 M.opaMC na ro nOBp3CMC co HajroneMaTa MOK Ha KPI1T. a Toa e
CPC]1,HO BpeMC, ncpll0A Ha Kp"TcKaTa TallaCOKpaTllJa. Kora KpUT
rll OCBOJYB3 erCJCKIiTe OCTPOOII, Kpaj6pciKHI1TC MeCTa Ha nenonOHCl (MIIKcna
II Tllpunc, a lIa 3ana,Ltll jyr nlln \I ACI1HC) II OlUl,CnHII'1H11 pemOHI1 BO Mana
A3l1ja.
Oll APyra cTpalla, SPCKI1TC Ha Mana A311ja co jYJKH06anKul1cKI10T
npoerop BO uaYKaTa cc COrJlCAall1l nOBcKccTpaHo BO pnHI1 BpeMcncKII enoxil.
EAu a ,LtllpeKTHa npcccn6a lIa lIacenelllle OA Tpoana Koe ec lIaCCnl1no 113
Xa11KUAItK It Aonno nOBap,Ltapje. ce OAllrpana BO paHOTO 6pOH3euo speMC.
QBaa KOIICTaTal.J.l1ja e 6a311puua Bp3 nojao3Ta Ha II,QCIITlllma II
COBpeMCl l a CO on Tpoja I, OTKpllcHa Ha nOBeKc naccn611. K3KO
Hej3uHll HOCI1TCnll 1I0CO'IC1I11 cc n ajoHl1Te.
Toa C KcpaMllKa pa60TcHa lIa paKa, co 113BeCCH 6poj q)OPMII Mefy KOll
cc Haj'lcCTu 1I31111U.IITC CO KanCMCCTII pa'IKIl 11 60KaJ1llTC co KOCO 3aCC l lCil BpaT.
ApxconOWKIlTC lIcTpaiKyoalb3 nOKaJKaa 113pa311T11 OpCKIl CO KyllTypaTa lIa
Tpoja 1 II CCBcp03aIl3,LtHa Mana A3l1ja. 8p3 OCHOBa Ha OBIIC MaTcplIJaJ1lIl1
]1,OKa311 ce 3aKJlY'IYBa nCKa 06naCTa lIa u.cHTpanHaTa f>iaKe,LtOHCKa pa'-HIIHl,a
61111a I.J.BPCTO nOCTaBClla BO KynTypHaTa c<pcpa Ha 6mlcKlIOT HCTOK. 33
pa31l11Ka OA npCTXO,LtllaT3, ,QOll,HOHeOJ1JITCKaTa enoxa. Koja nOKaJKYBa Teeml
BpCKIt CO TccaJll1ja. Cnopen XepTJlII, OBIIC npoMeHIl ce jaBYBaaT KaKO
nOCJleAIlu.a Ha ,o:oarJlbCTO Ha HapOA IInll HapOAIl WTO ja Hacenllnc IICTO'I1I3Ta
erpalla Ha I.(CllTpannaTa paMllllu.a (KplliKaHa. Xarlloc MaMac. MonliBonllpro
Ha XanKIIAI1K, a BO AMct>aKCIITIIAa nBe CTpaTeWKII MCCTa - Bapr.apOBu.a II
BapAIIHa)Yw XaMOII,Lt Mllcnll,LtCKa OBlle Haponn Tpe6a Aa ce IInCII
Tl1
<p
IIK
YBaal'
CO najOHIlTC.
11I1
CnCAllII OT 6paH MOiKC J1,a CC I10BP3C CO nOXO,LtOT Ha Mll3IljU.IITC 1\
TCYKPIITC na jpm06anK3HcKIIOT npocTOp. KaKO WTO COonuJTyna Xep0J1,OT.
. 0" npeKy 60c"'op npcMllliane BO
MI1311jql1TC 11 TeyKpllTe npC3CManc nox '" 't'
EBpona, rlt nOKopnnc CUTe TpaKl1ju.u 11 J1,OCTIlI'Hane nypil JOIICKI10T 3anl1B.
. n CJ' 1M2 XeponOT lIarnaCYBa nCKa OBOj lIaCTaH ee OJlllrpan
alia jyr AO peKaTa CII . ",. . .
. K HCnOBOJIHO J' aCCH BO onoJ 1101\aTOK
npcA TpojaHcKaTa 80j l1a . OJIKY 11 Aa C '" .
P
10)f(eMe Aa o'lcKynaMc AeKa. K3KO
neMaMC npaBO,Lta cc COMIICSaMe. canHO. ,
. OCHO Tpoana nen on TeYKpuTC
nocne,Lt lll.la Ha osoj npo]1,op 0)); AHanOJlI1j3. On
H
.
939 118 119 3a nO'le1'OI{II1'e lIa )IWB01'01'
IIkJ W. A. Heurlley. Preluslonc Macedonia. Oxford I . . eflll"a
113 OBlle lIaccnGII 1\ 11118111101' IWII1'llilylipaH KyllTYpCII K ,,'''as in Zcntralmakcdomcn
1 E
b se der Grabungen u<-I as ..
nasa KaCTauac lB. Hanse. rgc mS . h Ze I Imuseum Maunl 1979. 167202.1
1975-1978. JAHRBUCH des RomlschGennamsc en n BO per;lOlioT oMollapa KaKO
KOj. HaTeM Ila CHOMCIICMC. CIIopen II03111111)a1'a II ynora .
3TKOBIIHaT3 lIa nllpeXMCC.
lIa XOMepoBiloT T
,., N. G. L. Hammond. Macedonia Volumc I. 418. 296. 29K
till Herod. VII. 20.
63
CC HaccnllllC lin oJUlcnll1l IIpOCTOPJI. Jlla'III TCJlliO IWJ{Ollll<l , I\ ora
nnrpeT II r ... lnllTllj KC cc nojnnaT JJ,apIlJ' KC \lY Ka>K<lT nCf..:a cc f1<lJOil11.
ACl\a HIIBHaTa Ti.lTKOBlIH<I CC "aora KaJ pCKaT<I CTPllfool OllllnCK<I BOnaT 1I0TCI\.1o
T
. 1111
o,n TC)'KPIiTC u,n pOJa
Bo BPCMCTO I\ora cc oll"rp<ln OBOj HaCTall. . "<1 IIPOCTOJ)OT 0,
nOnOll,HC)I\IIaTa J],onH<l Mal\cAoHllja BCKe If<I1BCCna naJoHcKa
IlorwlHo C ;J,a otlc..:yaaMc nCI\a HOBO.nOj}lCHOTO HaCCJlCllll e Oil TpoaiHl Ce
3a.np>Kano TOl\MY Ha npocTopOT KOj 611n HaccnCH co cOliaponlllllUI.
HaslicTIIHa. OCRCII no cny'wjoT CO nllrpcT 11 MaHl'IIJ. lI eMa Aa CPCTJIC'tc
CTHOHII\1 TCYKpll. Mer)'Toa. MopaMc Aa CMeTaMe AeKa Cl'HOlIlIMOT .. najOHCKJ!"
OAUOCIIO .. najOl-lil" BO ona BpCMe C aq:,lIpfoollfpaH. 611,uejKII BO TpojaHCK<lTa BOjHa
BeKC qJllrypllpa<lT n ajoHIl noj,nCHIl on nonHOBo,uIHlOl' AKCIIOC.
HaKO 11311CCIIII l/aY'IHIIl(1l ja ocnopyoa<lT BCpOnocTojlwcTa Il a
XepOAOTOBIIOT nOJIClTOK 3a III1B<l3I1jaTa lIa MI1311jll,II're II TCYKPIITC BO Enpona.
HIIC MIIClllIMC nCKa HCMaMC "pano Aa ro oTq)pn1lf,Ic. BpCK IITC lIa jY>KIIIIOT nell
Ha 6anKa1lOT. oc06cII0 Kpaj6pC)KHI1TC npOCTopll. co Mana A311ja cc
nOTapneHII co npecc11611TC IUTO ce OAIHlBanc BO AB<lTa IIpaU1..\I1. 3a !lITO
360pYBaaT OAIIOCIITC 0PIII'II - (l>Pllfil. najoHIi - Meolll!. Ll.apnallir - Ll.aplI<llll.{lJ
TYK<I 611 Tpe6ano Aa ja CIlOMCIICt.le IIHBa31ljaTa Ha ErllllKCllIIlTC Ilp3
Tpa":lIja, 3a BpeMc Ha XII nllHacTllja. KaKo mTO HaBcllyoaaT XCPOllOT 11
CTpa6oH. erllflCTCKIlTC apaoHII CCCOCTPII):t II n CaMCTIIX BO ellCH nOXOJl JII
oeaOllllC TpaKuja IIl1a naTIIWT<lTa nOCTaBune KaMel-ba IIClllllllall1l co IIIIBIIIITC
Car-moT 1l0n3TOK II C 6" 61111 Oil. OC06CHO 3HalICl-bC, aKO IIC 3l1aC\te
ACKa crlllleTCKIITe Blll1jallllja II cneMCHTIi ce KOHCTaTilpall1l Ha 6anKallCKiloT
npoeTOp.
3a BPCKIITC lIa MalIa A311ja co 6anK3HCKilOT jyr 1I0cTojaT II APyrll
BCKe e YKalf<aHO Ha BpcKaTa MCry Mcollllja (M/10l11/]}1I
naJoHIIJa (n aLOvw). Kaj XOMep Meollqll'rc cc lIape'r eIlIlIJ'CJroKopuoral. a TOJ
emlTCT 11M C IIplllllll.Uali II ua najOHiITC. 06JlaCTa Koja 130 II CTOPII CKO BpC\le
HOCIIIIMC JlI1Alija KaJ' . .
<, , C IJ031i3Ta caMO HMCTO MCOIIIIJ<l, CTpa60rl
cnOMcllYBa ACKa IICKOII aB'ro M '
, pl1 eOllllTC II JlIIJl.lljU,I1TC rll CMCTClaT J<I cHCII
lIapOH, HOnCKa IIpynl - 3'. noce6 11\6 n .
< 1111. ..... o,n:CKa 6ulIa Ha onaCT 1I1111aCTIIJ3Ta IW
X
ep
aKJTJ.IIl
IlT
C, MCOIlIITC !lManc npCHI/OCT. no 687 r .. co KpajoT Iia
ll llHaCTlIJaTCl lIa Xep'lKllllITI II
< '"I ITC. npenHocTa C Ha cTpaliaTa lIa .
!laKO ToralU 06J1aCTa ce Hape ' J1 . ,
'M . (Kyna HHIlJa, HCj3UHIJOT IlCTOtlCIl Aen oCTallan
lla CC BilKa COIIIIJa.
llhld V. 13.
""Ibid. II, 103; Sir. 1.3, 2/.
HOIlJ. II. X. 431
SIr. XIII, 4. 5, CIIOPCA KaqapoB. f1eolllUl 21.
64
J.1cTaKHaTO MIIClleH>e llCKa MeoHlUlTe ce BCYWHOCT naJOHl1
nOMcwaHII co (l>pHn I WTO ce nOTBpnYBa II co Toa WTO Kavoav)'1]r npCI\apOT
Ha flOCJlCAllIIOT u,ap MCOHCKaTa AIlHaCTllja XepaKJTnUIi. MO)KC na ee cnopcAI!
co Kavoawli. IIMCT,f lIa 60rOT lIa BOjHaTa Kaj KpecTOHIiTe. Bune),,"
KpccrOHllja 113Bccno BPCMC 61111a nOll B1l3cr ua najoullTc. TOfolalLlCK C'leTa
. 6
ACKa Kal.fAaoH C or. II npyra crpaHa. I.{ap lIa MeOHCI\aTa
nllHaCTItJa Ha XCpaKnll.IlIlTC 61111, cnopcn XCponoTY'o( ArpOH (Aypwv). ArpOlf
flaK C IIMCTO Iwe ro 1I0Cl1 eACIl 1l11l1pCKII BnaneTell. Kal.{apOB Ja6eJle)Kysa
CJIlltlHOCT MCry Arpo II najoHcKIlTC ArpnjaHI1. A naK IlPCTI.{IITC Ha ArpoH.
HUH II Bcn
lM
(Xcp l}l. I. 7). cnopcA En. Maep. ee ceMIITCKII IIMlll-ha. ,Ua
,uoAaAcr-lc II Toa ACKa cpcAlloncKoBHllTe ArapcHIl OAHoeHO Arapjaml. Ja KOII
CMCTaMC ACKa cc aHT>WIKIITC ArplljaHlI, SOAaT nOTeKllO Oil Arapa. ellyrllHK3
J-Ia ABpaMoaaTa )KCH Capa. Koja 61111a no nOTCKllO Em1lKa1lKa.
11lO
I1IIMCTO
CIIMOII. KOC nOAOll,H ro 1I 0CII CAell arplijaHeKIl BJIanCTCll. C CCMIITCKO.I'JI
MUTOllOlUKOTO npcAalillc ro nOCOlJYBa Meoll ( ncol! ) KaKO Kpall IHI
(f)purnja II IlIiAllja.
19
! H MllrAoll C Kpan lIa a llaK MllrAollllja C
06naCT Ha XanKI1AIIK. MIITonOUJKII npe):10K Ha PllrllCKaTa KpanCKJ KYKa c
Mn,[la. KOj naK UMan panllHIIIlO):1 rillaHllHaTa 6CpMIlOH.
19J
BPCKIITC Ha co jy:+<H06anKaUCKIIOT npocrop WTO CC OAiulBane
co nOCpC):1CTHO lIa Mana A3l1ja, Tpc6a Aa rll rlle):1aMC KaKO e):1Ha KOMnOUCHT3.
WTO cc Haslfpa 130 KynTypliliTC II AYXOBHIITC MaulIecral\llll. Mc.rYToa. 130
aUTlltUOlTe il3Bopn ce cOllYBalll1 no,uaTOI.{II 3a Il.llpeKTIIII BpCKII I\lCry KpllT II
nOAOltHCLUHaTa MaKf:AoHllja.
E,[lHa npeccn6a Ha KpllTjaHIlTc lIa 6allKaHoT ce o):1llrpana. KaKO WTO
, K T 1161111)KHO speMeTo no 1400
ec CMeTa, no ACCTpYKJJ.ilJaTa lIa HOCOC. oa e np .. OT
r Kora KHOCOC nOCTpanan on 1I0)Kap. npCAII3BIlK3H uaJBcpoJaTHO co npOAOp
. sa CTpa60H rpyna Kpll'l]allll
Ha Axaju,IITe IIa OCTP BOT. KaKO IlJTO coOntuTY .
E
aTIIJ' a nOAOUHa KaKO UITO C
npeASOACHII OA 60Te H ce lIaCCll llll e so M. .
npIIaTCHO Taa 06J1dCT Ke II0Cil liMe 6oTllaja. MO)l(CMe.ll.a n
p
eTnO:Tallllr<6
lC
, . 6 na co MaJll1 pa3Mcp". IlHaKY II
ACKa OHaa npeccn6a \/a KpllTjallllTe He II 1,( K
, HTU'IKIlTe aSTOp". t'I 011011
61111a BpCnH<l Ita 61lHC 3a6cJIC)I(alia Ott a
181 W. Tomaschck. Die a len Thraker. \Vien 1893. 1/ 1,56.
IAA Herod. 1,7.
189 ldcm. . Bli II Ka ' B COKonoBcKa. najOll CKOTO
I"') 3a npo6ncMOT Arp IJaIUl. Arapjalllt . Arapellll. C'EO AlcrA ARCHAEOL. II. CKOlljC
co
naMaCTItOIl. MA .
nnCMe ArpuJallll It ,..,
1990.91] II .. oco6cu 3a6.57n.
191 Ibid, 25. 51. 17 .
192 Diod Sic. III. 58.
Hcrod. VIII. 118.
1 ... SIr. VII. 327; fro J J a
19S Kanon, Nnrral 25.
COOlllUTYS3J3 CIl. IIO "3CCnYBal-be 113 KpliTjaulf'rC BO M aKCJ,lOI-lllj a. CAoj liar
THe uoaraaT Oll11T31111j3. KaUe no lI eycneulHlIOT nOXOJ,l Ha CIlLl,llJlllj<l M IIII OC
3ar1l1l3n. a HcrOBIlTC KpnTjaHll npCTpnCJIC 6p
0
Il.OnoM.
Q6HIl.OT 1a xpOHonOUlKO cjJlIKclipal-bC IIa COli C UBa HaCTall1l CC YUlTc lie
I\tO:iKCMC Aa ro CMCTaMC KaKO ycncweH. npcJ,I ceo IIC C PCIIO nanll Cc pa60TII
3a ABC npcccn61l IInl1 ca,\10 3a e.nHa. AKO cc UP>KII\IC ItO MIITO'!'. MIlHOCOOIlOT
naT Ha BO 1l0Tpara no nc.nan H HcrOBaTa CMpT. 611 Tpc6ano ita Ce
nonp3C co nponacTa lIa KHOCOC. Toa 3Ha
l
lli ,n:CKa cnll a Kpll TJa11l1 nOIl
OOTOII cc UoccnyBa ua oanKaHOT. a Upyra Oltll BO H Tan liJ a. 3nil\IIITCJIIiO
no}toqlla, OBIIC IITanCKIi KpllTjaHiI. cer a nOA liMe lanllfll. KC ce "aCCnaT So
MaKc,n:OHlija. AKO C Toa TaKa. npcccn6aTa Ha " IITanCh:IITc" KplI'rj allll e
1I 3BpUi Cila lIa npocTOp Kauc BCKe ce Haorane HIIBHII COllap0ltll ll U.lI, T.C.
DOTllaIlTC. C1II1'11I0 lIa cnylJajoT co TeYKpIITc, KOII CC HaccnYllaaT II CKanc so
611113 ll11a ua CBOHTC COliapOUHlIIW OJ:{ HCKa>KaIlO C MIICJ1ClbC IICKa
npCCCn6aT1l 1Il.l KpllTjalllf'rC O,u HT1lnllja Tpc6a na CC flOBP3C CO KOnOill!.
3a
l
llljaTa Ha M CIl.IITCpaHOT. na cfl opcn Toa lJaCTaliOT CC AaTlipa BO VII J. OAiIOCIIO
BO VII BCK.
1Wi
npnaTa npcccn6a lIa KpliTjallHTe nou BOllCTBO Ha 001'011 C 113BPUICIIIl
H1l npoCTopOT OU nOJl,OLlIICUHlaTa o OTllaja. 130 Toa BpCMC. 11 3rJlc,n:a. 1I 011laTa
KaKO EMaTl1ja. OBaa 06naCT. nenl! CTpa601l.ja np>KeJIe II EllllpOTll1I I-1nllpli.
HO 1l0rOnCMII OT ItCJI ro 3a3CM3ne OOTllaIfTe.
197
QBOj nOnaTOK cCKaKO CC
OJl Hecyna lIa npCMCTO npcJl MaKCnOIiCKaTa eKcnaH3lfja. 611AcjKIt DOTllallTC CC
npOTcpaJH1 on CTpaHa Ha M aKeUOHl_.{II Te. KOII CC HaccnYBaaT lIa XanKIIHIlK BO
06naCTa IUTO cnopclI, IIIIB Ke ,n:0611 e li Me DOTIlKa. Hlln llKaTlIlHl O C IIITO
TonOHlIMIi TC HJI,OMCIIC, ropTlllwj a II Eyponoc, KOII CC cpcK3n3aT II 11 3 KpliT.
CC nOL\lIpalili Kpaj 3'HIaJl, lIaTa CTpalia lIa AKCII OC.
1911
npocTilpajKII CC
3Ha
t
lllTcnll0 KOII cenep 11.0 MllncTKoBo. ,n:oucKa BO tl,ClnpaJI II3Ta. Bil CTlIlICKan
oOTllaja, KPHTCKlIlIMlltba uc cc cpcKaBaaT. Aaml Toa 311a'III IIcKa 60TOliOBlITe
KpnTjaHIi npBlI'liiO ce H1lCCnll nC fl oKpaj Bapuap 110 Kanllja.
OCllOBanc IIaccn611 II 11M ]lanc CBOU HMlllha, a nOToa CC nOI3J1CKJlC lI a 3<1 l1a1\.
TCUlKO 611 Gllno J.{a cc ouraTlIC.
nOKpaj Y1 ,uOMCIIC, r opTlllmja II Eyponoc, lia Tcplnoplljanlll <l n ajolll1ja
ce Ti03HaTil II /lpyr ll TOIIOIIli MII 1I 0Bp3aHII co KpIlT. Ha KI I OCOCKIlTC rJ1 I1I1CIII1
Ta6n1l1l,1I , IICrIllIUa1i1l co nllll caplIO B IlIiCMO npOlll1Tall1l ce 360pOOll PAl II
npBOTO cc ,nOBCnYBa BO BpcKa co n W01'H. 3a B1'OPOTO.
HaJBcpoJaTllo cc paGoTIl 3a '2::rof301, II CTOIIMCHIfOT rpa,n: lIa YCTII CTO lIa Ep"roJl
BO AKCIlOC. M ccanoc (Mcaaa;co ... ). pCKa Ba KpHT. Tpe6a CCKa KO na cc nOBpJe
66
TaKa 011. nOIlOBlIK. o.c. 26 .
." Slr_ VII. fro II
Thuk II. 99I{)(l
!W Cllopen r aBcna n pcn
. alba 1\ 311<11ba 0 CTapoM 6allKallY. 6eorpaJl 1978.60
cO M ecanll ol-l (Mtaaam(JII). llJIalllma BO ll aj-OHllja' ,
. '6 Kane )IOIBCCII 611301l0T 1oo:0j I
JlajscpOjaTl lO TpC a .u.a CC IIJlCIITl1(fHlKYSU CO M .
('
aneWCBCKaTa n nall ll111 co
OcorOBo.llnH co UnCTC. 1l0MCI-JaTaTa r oprwJa rpa ' .
. . .u Ha peKaTa BilpJlap ll\IU
.u. llpeKTH3 napaJ1ClIa co KPIITCKllOT rpa.u. roprul' H K . .
t n ' a PIIT CC Imora rpa'l
Aq,oala"'o .... a 80 ajOlillJa Toa C peKaT3 Os '
. . lie TonOHlIMIl CC Cllr\'plI'l
nOTBPUa 33 3Ha'l aJ IIIITC BpCKIl Ha najOUCKJIOT npoCTOp K K .'
CO pilT. aKO 10rll'IIIil
nocnCAl llla na BaKBaTa KOIiCTaTaJlllja ce lIa\leTH)Ba n .
paw<tI-hCTO naml CC TOil
6anKaHCKil TonOHlIMllllpeHCCClI1I Ha KPIIT lin II 06PaTHO .
- KP"TCKlI npCHecclIII
U3 oanKa tlOT.
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MIlCJICI-bC Koe 1111 cc <{IIHII npuq13Tnllno. Cnopc].l Toa.lIoKalJ,lIjaTa Ha Mccaliliou.
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2114
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nOBap,AapjeTO. uaKO lIaj'lccTO ce KOPIICfU UCfa JIOKau.IIJa.
MapKallTIlIIOT lIaon. 3a KOj CC CMCTa nCKa Ha eBponCKOTO Tno e nOIiCcelJ
o,n: bOTOHOBIiTe KplfTjallll. ABojuaTa ceKnpa, e nplicYTeH Ha DIlli e npOCTopll
HCKonKY BCKa. Bo ct>opMa Ha 6POH3C'i nplfBp30K C oTKpllBaH BO norpe6y
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2
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68
"0)} Hom. II. II. 848-850.
lIll Ibid. XXI. 140..160.
11M J.1cKOrrYllaH.aTa lIa BnpJlnpCKil PUll cc apUlCHII 80 HCKonKY Haapa"!"!!. BU}II! B.
COKOnOIJCKU. J.1cap MnpBIIHtl1l I! nonap,I.IapjcTo 80 all"l"ll'IKO HpCMC. CKOIlJC 1986.51
HajuoBIiTc lIoo5cI>HlIt IIcKollyaalha 113llCnelHl 1995, 1I0A P3KOHOflCTHO lIa A. MIITPCSCI'II.
oTKplija lIen on npCnplIl>ICKa lIaccn6a 'UIII3a'ICTOtlll ce Bp3ysaaT 33 pa:nmCIlOTO nOCTapO
If<CJle3IfO IlpeMC. CelJKYUllaTa CJlIIKa Koja ce ,I.I0611Ha Hp3 OCIIoa3 lIa OTKPIlCIlIiTC
apXIlTeKTOIICKl1 06JCKTI! II apXeonOllJKIIOT MaTcplljaJl KOj rll CJJC,I.III KynTypmlTc CTpaTyMll
II 3aTilopelillTC rpo6nll IICJlIIHlI, allCKsaTHa e IIa lfaccn6aTa lIa I1capoT Kaj MepsltIHlIt
:us Jl. MIITPCSCKII. n POUTC CTIIII'IKIl JaenHlltlil 00 MaKCJlOlflija. UIIBllnIl3aL\JlII 11(1 TJlOTO lIa
MaKCllolillja, MAHY, CKOIlJC 1995,57 1111.
11. M. AvOPOVIKOt, I3cpylva J, To I'CKpOraq,cIOY Tall' WJI{JWY, A8cY(I,at, 1969, '1;
l33aa; 118aa; 130pp.
2W" n. CIIMocKa. B. Callca, rIpallCTopllja 80 UeliTpaJllla nenarollllja. SIlTona 1976.55. ",0.
295; M (jarasanm, RazYijcno bronzano doba i prelaw I period IGvozdcno doba 1
MakedofllJc, Prai storija Jugoslovenskih zemalja IV, Bronzano doba, Sanljcyo 1983,791
npIIBP30l.{1I BO opMa ua nBojlla CCKllpa 011. rp060T 16 BO B
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cc pa60TII 3a HOBI! AoccnClHl lI,l I OA pill' II
npenHCTOPl(CKI! "yJlTypn 80
2flII M. fapawalllll!. B. CaIlC8. JI. Cit/>lOCKa. 6. 798
MaKcnolillja. lllTlin 1971. 266 al\: M P J.
200 M. GaraSanin, Bronzanodoba na Kosoyu, P1Z IV, 755. . 219
6
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211 Blln!! MOl TpYJl: COII' leB!! CIIM60nil lIa llajoHCtalTe MOlleTII, MAKELl. II YM rJl.\(
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KaJ lIaJoHCKIlTC KO\lfIapllpalili co IlnllpCKIITC II TpaK ll c KIi Te. MACED. f
ARCHAEOL 13. C Kollje 1993, 129.
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" 6 nil Kaj CKOllje r-.1ACED. ACTA
lib H. MIIKyn'II1K. B. COKonOBCKa, I p06111Ht3 80 pa3 '
ARCHAEOL. II. CKOllle 1990,79.
m IbId en 8
. .. M umCairoNo91/196lBCJ.llSI
m Mohamed Saleh, Houng SonroUllan. The Eglpuan usc "
155-1 1529 BCJ, No, 12811550 BCI.
71
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220
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3
"nIl Ka. II AII" V Sok I k L " XIX
Bcograd 1979.42 It II. .. oovs a, aSICIc funcratrcdc MarVlncl, AI. , -
3ABPlIIHH PA3MUCJlYBAlhA
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, nonynaU;1l01ll10T COCTaB I!'I
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, , , CAHO anKallCKI\OT pcrllOH
nOKa)Kaa nCKa HCOJ1I1TCKII lIacc1l611 CC nOTl1 OllHO lIall),II.ITCIIII lIa
APyrll nOCTOII 1l 3BCCCII KOHTIIIIYIITCT 0,[1, npeTXO"HaTa CO" ' .... < n xa, nO,!l,CKa TrCTlI
ce 1'1 0811 OCIIOBalll1 on 6POH3CII ospeMCHCKI1Te OCBojYBa'lIl.
H a npOCTopOT WTO ro Jacj)aKa Pcny6J1I1Ka MaKeJ],OHllja KOHCTaTllpallll
ce Tpam Oil. 6p0ll3ellOSpeMellCKli HaccJI611 cnopaJ],lI'lHo. I-Ia CCBCP, Htl
J10KaJIlITeTQT rpaAIlIIITcOeJlIlHu.e, lIeJ],aJ1CKY OJ], KYMaHOBO. HCO.llar.llla cc
OTKPIlCHIl MaTcplljallll1l OCTaTOlJ,1I IHlTcpnpeTllpaHII KaKO CBCTIIJllIIIITC. co
npIIJl0311 nOCTaBe1l1l BO BJJ,Jla6naTIlIlIlTe Ha KapmlTe.
221
KCpa\III'[KIlTC CpOPMI!,
oco6ell0 op"aMCHTIIKaTa. naoraaT napaJlCJlIl BO MaTcplljalloT on oy6alb-XY\1
III. a c n opcJJ, cj)OPMIITC CC Bp3YBaaT 3a KynTypnaTa rpyna Ap\'CHOXOPIl I'
nonllonOBapnapCKIlTe nOKamlTenl.
222
I-Ia CKonCKO Kanc CC BOO'ICUII Tparl!
on 6pOli JellOBpCMCHCKa lIacen6a. 'lIIj KapaKTep naK cc nOBp3YBa co oyGalb-
XyM III. Tpanl OA u accnYBalba ao 6pOHJCHOTO BpcMe ce KOHCTaTllpaml Ita
n OBcKe nOKanHTCTIi no n ono3lHe. BO OXPII.IlCKIlOT pcrlloll, BO nCJlarolillja.
flO HllBHOTO n o npe LllI JJl O xpOllonOWKO cp"KCilpatbe IICAocTacyna. BnpO' ICM,
AoceraWHIlTC II CTpa)l(y oau,a ce YWTC HC A3J1C AOBOJI HO jaclla CJIIIKa OKOlly
OBOj IIpo6JTCM. Bo n enarOlHlja, e,[l,Ha MOKHa Haccn6a - PaJ],060pcKa TyM6a,
111 nOKamrrcToT rpaAIIIIITe- n CJJJIIIl{C C 1I0311aT KaKO palloaJlTlI'IKa lIacenfia, cIITYl1pal/;\
lIa J1,OMIiHaIlTlio MeCTO on neoaT3 cTpalla IIa nlJ\1Iba. DO JlOnllOJKJCTO lIa KO'1J3K
COCTlIllltU1TC-r0 c tWIlCTaTllpallO lIa uaJ],III11ITC lIa rpanIlUITCTO. lleIl on apXCOIlOlU"1I0T
MaTcpllJan C ofijaocil 00 KaTanorOT on 1I1,10::t(6aTa npe3CIITilpalia DO "PCJOT 80
KYMailOBO .. Pa1l06pOlIlClIon
o
6110 coeTlIJIIIWTC KaJ CCJIOTO KYMatlOBO 199:'.
'mj allTOp e nella TpaJKOHCKa.
m 6" 6 1973 165' HCUrllc)' Prdw,lOri..:
M. r apawaulIlI, n paliCTopllJa 113 TIlY CP Cp IIJe, corpan " .
Macedonia, 192.
73
ec '1111111 ACK'-1 IIrpaJUI AOMllllallTlia ynoraY' Encli eOCCMa Man ]ten OA
lIeTpa)KCIi BO noeJJc]tllO BpeMe. ja HaBccTysa Ba)KIIOCTa Ii;} onaa
spcMcncKa uaccnGa KaKO )KaplIlUTe on KaAe wllpcne KyJJTYPll1I IlJlIIJaHIIJa
KOII COCCAHIITC oGJJaCTl1. Cpe)lHOTO nosapAap]e 1\ 11CTo'Iua MaKCAOHlija I\a.,-o
ll3 He 611JlC OCBOCIHI 80 oua speMe. 6apeM 3accra. He CC SOO'ICIHI eilrYpUIl
Tparll on Haecnysalbe BO nOCTapllTC cpa311 Ha BpCMC.
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1l0Ka)KYBaaT cpOAlIoeTl1 eo K)'JJTypuIITC rpynll OA KapnaTcKIITC OGlIaCTII:
npocTop AecplUlllpaH KaKO 'uOllHono,uYHascKIi '11111 1I0CIITCJTlI Ce
,UaKo.MII3I1J1lIITC. OAnocllO npOToTpaKlljuHTC II
nOCJICAHllaC CC OJl nocc6cII IlI/TepeC 3a Hac 3apaAII ce nOBCKe IIarJlaCCHaTa
KOHCTaTllJ.I'ja ACKa cpeAno6aJ1KaIiCKIiOT I1POCTOP, 80
nOlUllpm:a CMIICJla. CC 113AI1ojyua KaKO noee6Ha KyJJTypHa rpylla. '11111 1I0CIITClIII
ee 6p"rIITC. OBOj 3aKJ1Y<JOK C npOl13ne3CH OA npoY'lyB<lI-baTa lIa apxcono.
WKIIOT. oc06cII0 lia JJIIHrBllCTlIllKIlOT MaTeplljaJ1. KOj nOKCl)Kyua CPOAIIOCTII
so OIlOMaCTlIKaTa II TOllolllIMlljaTa OA 110AOUlle)KHIlOT arplljaHCKIl.
II najollclw npOCTOp, sKnyllyoajKII ja ecscp03ana,nHa fpllllja 11 jyro3an3AIIIITc
AcnOBIl Ha An631111ja. co JJllllrUIICTll'lKIIOT MaTcplljaJJ Oll MaJJa A311j3. OllllOCIlO
<l>pl1rJ1ja." 5
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PC'ICIIO C ACKa CTojaT !lOA OJJlljaHlle H3 crejcKllTe KyJJTypll o,n nO'lcToIVITC IIJ
palloxcn3AcK'10T III nep"o}l. Tile He MO)K3T rellCTCKIl A3 cc nOBpJaT co
nOUHUOT ClleOJlIIT Ha Tile oGJJaCTll. TyKy npeTcTaBysaaT 1I0BOOCIIOB3HII
lIaccn611.
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l
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Oa)K11 110 noGpa Mcpa TC3aT<l ACKa on paHOTO 6POH3CHO. na AO >KCnC3HOTO
BpCMC lie CC cnY'lllllc 6111'1111 npOMcHH, Jl,eKa 1\ Ha ol3a llollpallje TpeGa Jl3 ce
eMCTa co OnpCACJlCIi KyJJTYPCH, na II "CTHII'IKH" KOHTIlIIY"TCT. BcpojnTIlO cc
74
l ' "'''''lTepllj"aJlOTOJ\ IIcKony"" . 1 6 p. ,
" < !.aTa 11.\ yM a aJ\oGop lie C 06JaBCIi. 3a 6pOliJeliOTO Hpe\!
BO MaKe/lOllllla. HIIAU M ra 6 192 . T'
. p;l1Uatlllll.33.. C. Cap)I(OCKII. BO/III'111II3 apxcoJlOEllKJ
IIOCTallKa C.(Qllje 1992 32
,. 1111. co 1I1lyCTpaulllllla KapaKTcp"CTII'IIU1 (llOp'!!1
M I apalllaH!!1I HaCTa!laK IA , ' ., \
G .' 1I110peKJlO YIJlllpa. HJlllpu II AnGalllll'. 6cOI-pa;l19SK .'
S,ud,a Baleanu.:a. Soria 1971. L' Ethnogcnesc des pcuples Baicaniqucs.1 Elhnugcnc,",
, Bakamque d'apred donnes linguSliquc.
us F Papa/oglu, cthnl " " - I I
do ., _, ques CI socia es dans les rcglOm. ccnlrales des l3aJk.lIl\ a la Ulill
C Uuc ACTEs d VII -
BucareSl 1979 153' . u Ccongrcs internatIOnal d' cplgr"plllc grccquect J
, II II.
pa60Til 33 KOMIl0311TIIII llclIyoall .. a lIa oy6aH"CKO-X '
nocrapoTO GpOll3CII0 opeMC. Koja CC npow"p' rpyna lIa
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'"I >LilJa. Baa
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BOCTalloncliO 'leKa c
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II J. 1I1HCC\'Oll
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. ' POH3CHOBPCMCIICKIITt:
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n
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il
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CTap najollcKIi lteliTap. onJla:!Opa e nOCO'ieila KaKO Hajrone", naJOIiCKl1 rpM.
It1JOOP"TC 111.1 C'rpIlMOH II AKCIIOC npllnaranc 113 ' TCPIiTOPlljilTa
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AOJJrOTpaCIi OIlUJTeCTBeIlOIICTOpIiCKIl npou;cc. BO llllj TeK e IIJUpmCH<I
lIa cTapOCCACJIL\IITe co HOBoAojncHIITC, rpynllpalbC lIa CPOAIII'
nonynaltllOli1l rpynll co 6mlCKil nYXOBlIII II KyfITYPll1l Mallmt)CCTallJIII.
AKO ce np>KIIMC no rOpCQllTllpall<lTa Ha A OCllal\ ACt.:a
on paHOTO 6poll3ell0 1\0 >KCnC3110TO Ba cpe.ll.l106anKaHcKlloT npoCTOp
He CC cnyllyU<1JJC KpyOl11i npOMCHIl. Tornw MO)f{eMe Aa 3aKnY'IlIMC JlCKil
OeliOsel1 eTlHltlKl1 cyncrpaT lIa olJoj npOCTOp CC najollcKIlTC nonymll\llll. KOII
KC rn n0311<1BaMC II 110 1II1llllilTC IIMlilha: najollnll. Cllpnonajollll.
A. Benac. lcmalja. ZclJczno doba. K!1J- V_ $araJcHl ]9S7, 7Y I.
824 .
m Heurtlcy. "'ttcCU(lOla. 118 I no. Hammond. MacedOnia. Volume 1, 41 R
.we Pol V. 97
'2'1 SIr. VII. Ir.
r Bo TpynoT "f1ajOItCKOTO /IllC\lC ArpIIJallll". II II 11_ rn onpe!l.e.1YBJ\1 npoCTllplllll"t'
rpallltl\tt Il<l ArplIl<lItItTe.
75
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o CBOJOT KVllTYIJ' . , .
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nOCCOHIl K\'.I1npJlII 06CJlC::.KjJ.
3a'najOIlC"<1TJ 1l0nY,1Jl{lIj:l nocTojaT MJTCplljaJIHII nOK<lJ11llCK"l'
;:.tOjlCH<l on t\1I.:tllO.IJIIJil, Ja ArplIJ<lHIITe Toa He 611 .'lO:lKC.TlO Ail CC TBPllll
HIlBHOTD [IOTCI\.10 TCIUKO ,o,1O)l..:e /l.J ce IIJCJlyTII BO nOnaTOL(IITC on JHTlI'IKIITl'
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OCBOjYSJILi.lTil 1-1<1 HO osoj 1l0!WTOK ce C\leTa "aKO nOHoqllCiI\H(l
IIHTcpnollaUllja. KaJ TP":IIHIIH2lJ nO)1aTOKOT 3a ArpliJallllTC C cTancH 11011
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CTpi.l601l" "I II Apllpll '.\' K<lAC ArplljallllTc jacllo CC KaKO onpc}{cnClia
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II TY"Ki.l A<l Haj.llCMC i.lnyll l1l OKOllY HIIBH01'O nOTCKlIO. McfYToa. II1BCeHU
IIHnllpcKTll1i nO,QaTOllll KaKO)1a 1I<lIJCeTYBa<lT .liCK;] HIIBUOTO nOTc"no Tpcfia
na ro 6apa\le lIa nOUllipOKllOT ,\la1l0<l3I1 C"1f npOCTOp.
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Arapellll II ArapJallll. cc CMCTa ,QC"<l BOnaT nOTC"110 Oil Arapa. cn)TIIII"C1 Ila
ABpaMOBaTa )KCHa Capa. KOja 61111a ErnnKaH"a. VI\ICTO lIa IIpnllOT KpOl.'l lIiI
\leOHCK<lTa JHlHaCTllja XCpa"lIl1)111. ArpoH. Ka ... apOB ro ,lI0BCnYBa BO npCKtI co
ArplljJHIITC. " II IIMCTO CIIMOH. Ha MOHeTiI. 3a KOC C\leTa\IC JlCKa
nplillafa HCI I1nClJlCTCJI. C 6116J1I1CKO. 0J],1I0C1I0 CC\IiITeKO.' I
Oa apxconOIUKa f.fJCnlla TO""a nOCTojaT 3a I\.)'JlTrpHII
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CPCAIIIIOT TCK Hn CTPYM<l II ropt/IlOT TeK Ha MecTa. Cc pa60TII1a CnCTIIJIIIlIIT<l
nOLJ;llpaJ-II1 HCI B03BIIIIICIIII MCCTa, co KapncCTa nOAlIora. BO
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n CJHI HIW. KaKO UITO C BCKC cnOMCllaTO. D,anl1 OUIIC MallllcfJccTa"'llIl TpcGa,ll<l
76
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Herod, V. tIl,
r' Thuk. 11 96,
1.'" Sir. VII. fr. 16; 5. II
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M IICTOK KOH JanaI! OllHoe
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MO)l(C Jl,a ce 3aKnY'1I1 Cll OPCIl rpo611110T IIHBCIiTap. HcrOSIlOT paCUST nata 110
BTopaTa nOil OBII1I3 lIa VI SCK. BPC\IC BO KOC najoHcKIITC n.'1C\Ullha llcpOlUI II
JIajall. KilKO II 1111131111TC BJ1anCTCnll. 1l 31laBane cpe6pCHII MOHCTl!. rpaJlOBIlTC
flCTC \I HXII C KOBaJIC MOll eTIi BO II CTOTO BpC\le. HO 3a CIIHI10C. Xa.1aCTIJ<I II
CTpcnca naKHII C03.laHllja !leMa. J],anl1 lIa rpallOT KO'I), My nplillara CI III1\OCK<lTa
HCKponOila Tpe6a Jla My ce np"nllW3T HCKOl! ce yunc HCJI.QcIITuqmE-;),nami
MOHCTII 111111 naK no Hc r OBUTC oCTaToL11I ce Kp"e rpall '!lie ccr<lWIl O JlOllllptllhC
C Hc aIlCKBaTHO? AKO JJ.CPOIIIITC cc npOTeraJle AO ycni cTo lIa AKCIIOC II
Exc,!{opoc, KaKO IlITO HCKOII II CTptl",yaa'lII lI orolllcnYBaaT,J" BO TOj cnY' ,aJ
rpa.uoT KOMY My nplluara CIIII,!{OCKaTa IICKponona rll KOPIICTCJI /I.CPOIICKIITC
MOlleTIl KaKO nIlaTC"' "0 CPCJl,CTBO. AKO e Toa TaKa, MOIKCMC nil O'ICKYliaMC
.uCKa EKrOHOC. EycprcTcc II EKc ... ce IIMJII-ba lIa SlH1l1.cTcml !lOU 3J1al'11 1I TC
MaCKll Ha CIIIIJIOCKIITC norpc6YBalha. Ho, saKsa npCTflOCTnHKa li e 611 611J1a BO
cKnan co MCCTOTO lIa lIaoraH>c Ha HUBElIiTe BO PCrJIOHOT. lin ilJTlIII .
MO>Kc611 lICKOIi cpeK"1I OKOJIHOCTII KC ,QoBc,QaT ,QO peweHllc Ita OBOJ npoGncM.
A e
"eKa KJlCIKCBCKIITC norpc6yaa lba II IBI BlltlTa
KO ". <
, G eG."a nn ce 3all l)auJa\le 30lllTO
COAP)f{1I113 cc naj OHCKa 11 Tp ., ,,' .
o n osapnapj-C II BO perlEOIIOT 11,1
He CC Haj,uCIIII BaKBI! rpo60BIE BO Cpell HOT
, 'nonyna"lIja BO OBa KaKo
opc ramllll.\a. npOCTopll1l3CCllCHII CO naJoHcKa ' '-'I
1. N o,c. 9. 12, Il
126
K Ta II co llllTllpalia nllTepaTypn
E. ri eTpoaa. n aJolicKIITC IIJ1C'lIl1ba. . ap .
XI
, OB' "PCMC CCtWI'O Gllne BJ1<tACCIiII
1l0CC61111 reorpaqJC"'1 pcnlOHIl 1\:011 BO , on
6
'''yna'le "CK<l 1\ Tile 611I1e 1I0rl)c6vB',
.'10}';<lJlIIII "HelOBl!. Gil TpC anD /W OlIC" '" ,.., _ 'HJ
l 'yan Bo 080J MOMCIIT. CIlIIIICTRCIIIIO
Ha lteT 11<1'11111, co npIIMCII<I IW lIeT pI! . i
CnrOBOP 11<1 QBa npawMbc c nCK<i Daile ce YUlTC lie CC OTKPIICIIII
3a KapaKTcpOT lIa M'lTCp"janllaTa KyJlTypa KOP ro .uOJJHOTO
nOsapJlapJc co BllaTpCLUHOCT3 11<1 najoHcKIlOT [lPOCTOp. nOCTOJ<lT nOl'BpJUL
oc06cno BO AYXOBH<lT<l ccpepa. lIoKpaj penCB<lIlTIIIITC lIon,aTOl\iI OLi
lIeTOplICKlI1'C 11380plI. npCKIiTC Ha nonHOTO nooapnapJc II
BII3TpeWIIOCTJ CC JlOl.:a;.K<lUIl II 80 nep" oll. n pliToa. lie l'pe6a
.n3 3aGopaBliMC IICK<I KpajGpC:.KHIlTC ereJcKl1 npOCTopll 01'80PCIIOC1'<I 1<:01{
MeAIITcpaHOT ,!laBanc yenDBl 1 3a pa3BneHa 1'prOBIiJa 1\ MO)KIIOC1'II 3a
36ora1'YSalbC Jla snanca'IKa1'a nJ1CMCHCKa Knaca. 3a pa3nJ1Ka on Bna,nc1'Clll11'C
so Blla1'pCIl11l0C1'a Ha KOI I BaKBII1'C MO)l(IIOC1' II HM 6 1l ne YCKpaTCII11.
On,::pl lBa l bc1'O IIa 311a1'I131'a nll0' IKa co 1IIIKOT Ha .o.ponll oll. 011HOCIIO
HerOlla 1l0rpC6Ha MaCKa, MOIKC na cc n p ll cpaTi I KaKO nOKJ3 ,nCKJ najOll cKHTC
KpancBl1 1'0 npaKTlIKYBa1lC 0611'lajOT )la ro 06J1al'aal' 1I1IU,CTO lia CBOIITC
nO'II1Ha1' II Bna)lC1'CllIl co 311a1' II II H aBHCTll lla, n orpc611ina MaCKa Ha
.I1.ponllolill MaCKlI1'C on Tpc6cllllUlTa. Eicpa HlI,lI 11 C Jl uAOC rlt )lC1I11 BPCMCllcKa
)lIlC1'alllla on OKOllY 1'pll HCKa (cca 270 rO)lIlHl I ). Ho. OBaa OKQlHlOCT IIC 1'pc6a
Aa BIICCYBa 3a6YHa. II cnmC1'CKIlTC MaCKII ,llaTllpaaT 3Ha'III TC]1I-I 0 1I 0pallO,IIpCI'1
HIIBHa1'a nojasa Ha naJoHcKII01' npoCTop. AKo .I1.ponlloH, nocnc,nIlJIOT najollcKIt
Kpall, 61111 lIorpc6aH co BaKOB pllTyan, MOpa)la ce KOHcTanl pa )lCKa IICTIIOT
0611'IaJ 61111 npmlcuysall Il "PI! norpc6YBalbcTo Ha HerOBlITe npcTxollulIllll
(JleoH. AYAoneoH. n aTpaj, n Il Kej). Co Jlpyrll 360pOBII , no 06cAllllysalhc1'o
Ha najoHcKllTC rl nCMIlt-ba, OBaa nplIBHncrllja ja npC3Ctola najolicKaTa KpancKa
KyKa.
m
H a csponcKo Tno n03HaTli cc 311aTIIIITC II eneKTpolicKIlTC norpc6H11
on MIIKcll a, O1'KPI I CHII BO shaft rp060Bl ITC Ha Kpyro1' A. W m l M311 rn
1l0Bcn BO apcKa co 1I'lnCHOBIITe Ha HerOROTO cCMejcl'Bo. 1l0JlOUIH\
C YCTalloBc ll a n onpCll ll 3Ha naTa l ueC1' e rp06a on K pyro1' A. co 19
1l0l'pe6YBaiba ,.a1' ll pal lll ce on c. 15801510 r. 3I1a'JlI TC1J 1I 0 (1952
1955 r.) ol'Kpll eli e II K pyroT B co 14 Kp ancKI1 shaft rp060Bil II 10 rpoGa 0)1
Tll nOT 11 trench graves. CnopeA TlmOT If a rp060Bil TC II II Jl Blla1'a
YCTa l lOBcliO C )lCKa norpc6YBaH>a1'a 130 K pyrol' B 3(1I"1O'lIIa1lC BO
KpaJ01' Ha XVII aCK II Tpacne HiIJ n p BaTa nonOBima na XVI BCK.m
82
n: COKonORCKiI. l-h::olta 113 KpanOT J],POHlIOIf. MACED. ACtA ARCHAFO[
1:' Kaj DlIxl Sic. XXI [3
, ,co'lyualta e I1plll::a1113 1a 60raTCTROTO 113 Ayitoncoll I\OC 611.10
3aKOllalio 'lae:UIO co 11cro.
1'1' B . 1
Ilftl! 10;.11 ,,1y[ona.\. o.c. en. H4 II R7.
Bo lIaYK<l1'a C ,.OCTa paCl l palJal-JQ OKO
, 'I . !!)' CTHIJ'IK<l1'J npl1lJan
nOKOJHllL\lIl'e. I" ery 1I0CllC)lIIlI1'C r M ' 1l0CT 11<1
, . 11!!OHac CC onpcnc
360pys3'IKI1 i-1 11JlOeaponcJI(II, KaKO CTIIII'IKII H nu.'l Ja rp'I"o
OCIITe!!1I HJ norpeoaH >
MIIKeHcKIiTc KpancKIl rp0601J1l N 0" 6 ' IITt: 110
'"I 11110 KOII n06yltu ,lIJ C no
peweHIlC He MO)KC Aa 611)lC HilTy AOKa)KaHO HilTy A.. lIy;tCHO. Olla
. . nplI't'aTCHO. AKO ce pa60T
3a AxaJlI,lI. 311a'ill IIpBIiTC rp'IKII Aoccncmnlll Ha n ."
enonOHC3 0611'I<IJ01' rn CC
06noIKyaa 1II1u.eTO lIa nOKojllllL\II1'C co 3JJa1'HII MaCIOI h ' .'
6
Ke velUC npaKTI1"YBali
II nOJlOL\Ha, oco ellO Kora nCKa MIlKeHa II A.: a' '
.. x Jl(II1'e ro nOCTllruYllan
BPBOT Ha CBOJOT pa3BOj "JHa'IIITCnJ-IO 1I0nOl(Ha Kora MilK '
, , clla cc nrOlUllp)'ln '1
f,JlIKCII CKa1'a KynTypa My naBa IIC'IaT Ila JlOllHOTO 6pOHJe E .. ,
HO BPCMC no rCja.
H o. OJl OBa BPCMC, 311a1'IIII MaCK II IICMa. ru HeM a HIlTy ao T n
. "pIIIlC. 11.'1 111111
ACIlHe. H AeJaT<I 113HCCCIHI on cTpalla lIa A EaJBC 11'''0 "0'
. ..... IKe ACl cc C"ICTa
KaKO 3aIIOCTaBClla, cc '1111111 nCKa C IIClJ'6!!IICKY"0 BIICTIIH'Ta II
'"I '. COMIICHlle
n
eKa
BO KpancKIlTc rp060BII llClK<lT MIIKellCKII Bna"e1'CnJl 110 cno E
'"I . r, pcn !laliC
II n ellJ-\cJJ6ypy "rocnoJJ.aplITc Ha MIl KCHCKlI1'e nana1'l1 ce KPIITCKIl IIP
IIlU
IOBII
KOII npeMl l liane Ha rptlKO 1'110 II 1'yKa ocaollne HOBII npOCTOp'1. 3aToa. Tile
nO):\ lIrJ1anc lI,BPCTl 1 0J16pauGclIII 6ClleMII. KI1KnonCKil SII):\OBII. 3a Aa CC 3aUlTIl1';iT
on lIana)l1l lIa IlllpaTIITC.1I0 II on <lB1'OXTOII01'O IIaceneHIIC, 3a Koe MI1KCliCKilTC
r ocnOAapll . p060Bna)le1'CJJlIII KpanCBII61lJTC Tyr II HCllplljaTencKIi CJH!MCH1'
noarajKII on oaoj HCOCI"IOPCII cpaKT. pClUanalhC1'O IICl npoGncMoT "JCl
CTHII 'IKaTa n plinalU-JOCT lIa MIIKCHCKII1'C KpaneBII non 3JJaTIIIITC MaCK II CC '1II1UJ
ll:CK3 IIC e TaKa KOtotrlll11K),BaIiO KaKO lUTO Il3rneJJ;a Ila npB HornCIl.
n ojaaaT<1 lIa MIIKCIICKII1'C KpanCKIl rp060BII co 3naTlIII MaCKIl 1\
CKCKnY3 11 BIIII nplln0311 CC COBllara co apC\leTO Ha HajronC\laTa \101\ 11<1
OCTPOB01' KplIl'. Toa C IICPIIOA IIa KplI1'CKaTa TaJlaCOKpaTIiJa. "ora KPIIT ril
BnaAce OCTPOSIITC ao ErejcKoTo Mopc, KaAC BO KyJlTypara II UJlBII.'llllClIIIIIClTa
nOMll ll ll pa<1T KPII1'CKII BlIIljallllja II KpIIl'CKa CTOKa. 11 M IIKena llClRCl IICTOlleTHa
Cll II Ka. U cnoKyn H3l'<1 YMCTIIOC1' \)0 OBa apCMe H3 nC110nOHCJ e 130 .ma"OT 11;'\
KpIlT . .I1.a cc nOTCC1'llMC lIa IIcxaplI1'e on Baq>llo. Ha rnllll1'IIK3T<I II
3JTaTapC1'BoTO, I ia '1 111 1 npOII:mOIlI I JJ;JMII BO 1'lIrJll 'IHO Kpll1'CKCl oGnc"a.
II rpll II 60p611 co 6 11 K0311 " MlBOllll. ce BO Cl'll nOT " JlYXOT Ha KPIITCKCl1'a
YI'. I CTIIOCT . A BaKBIl n pCJlMCTII ce O1'KPIICIIII BO rpo60BIITe H3 K pyroT A II
K pyro1' B. n a 1\ pcnjccpo1' BPJ H31lllpaTHII Ko1' Ha JIaBoBcK31'a Kal1llja,
CII M60nOT 11 3 r panoT, I taKO ce AeKa e on nOlloUHelKHo IIpCMe. C BOIIYXOT
Ha K p Ii T. 1-1 , KaKO U1TO Bcnll UOJl LJ cnBlllC uenoKynHaTa IlpCCPIIIIC1'<I
BO YMCTHOCT<l II 3aHaCTlI1'C Ha 1("001101'0 e KpllT
E llno Jl3 CC pa60Tll 33 IIMlIop1'llpalll1 npenMe1'1I 111111 KPII1'CKII "laJCTopll Ila
... Itml 205
l' CHopen. o. rallc.1a, 11CTOPllJ3 ) \leTlIOCTll. 64
J ChadWick. Thc Mycenaean Worltl. Bcogratll980. J8.
c-'
n.'
pallOTl.:.1C Ilil ilCJIOIIOHC3. ":PIITCh.<lTa "YJ1Typa II YMCTIIOCT JlJBPIUllnC rOllC\IO
1l.'1l1lillIlIC Bp3 rp'II\OTO II:orIHO.
npOflOpOT 11<1 "PIITCh.tlTtl 1111 ere}CKIiTC OCTPOI1I1I1 ncnOIlOHCl
He \IO>t.:C ;l<-l ce 06j<lCilil ca\1O co \lcrycc6HII KOJlT(lt..:TII II 1I\1Il0PT Ha CTOK<l. Bo
<lIlTWIKIITC IIJBOP" cc cOllyeaHIi JII.(l'IllTCJHIII flonaToqll ][1 lIa
KplITjaHII. Kah.o LIlTO cBOCSpe\ICHO npmUlll ]lOCCnl!11I1LtIl on Mana AJIIJil
II ErllneT, cera HCroSIlTC IKIITCJIII OCBoJysaaT HOBII npoCTopll1l ce II<lCcnynaat
H<I OCTPOBIITC II Kpaj6pcIKIIIITC nenOBIi Ha nenonoHc3. 1I0CCJKII ro co ce6e
kP"TCh:1I0T 1-1<1111111 113 )fWBeeibe. rpanllTCJlCKIITC BCUlTIIIIII. JallaeTJITC
Y\ICTHOCTil. Dsa IWCCJI)'OilI-bC Mopano na 3anO'l ll e ,nancKY "pell nOjaB<lTa u;
HajCTapllTc rpoGorm on_ KpyroBllTc B II A. vl3rnc,l1a HCKa TOKMY BO MIIKeu<1
II<.lCCJ1CHIlTC KplITJtl11Jl OIlJ1C on cr llnCTCKO nOTCKno. KOII. OTKaKO 3ajtlKllaJ1c
CKOHO;'.ICKII II CT<1Hi:lJ1C rocno,Qap". Aa fO npaKTIIKynaaT
crllnCTCKllOT 0611'laj lIa CT<1BalbC 311<1T1111 MaCKIl np3 lIil IIoKoj
lllll
lllTe.
Aa cc nOTCCTllMC MUTOT 3<1 ErnllT II HcrOBllOT 6paT 6n ll 311aK Aallal,
KOJ co CBOJlTe nCltCCCT KCpKIl no6crllCl11 BO ApronllJl<1 Kane fO
npCCTOJJOT Ha KpaJlOT lia n ena3fllTe. KOII no.uOl(Ha. cnopc,u IIOBIIOT Kpan CC
AaHajl(II.
N
KonKY lI .ua ja CMCTaMC OBaa np"Ka3Ha KCiKO ncrC'ina.
\lOpaMC ,Qa ,QonYWTlIMC nCKa CO.uP)f(1I 113BCCHa .uo3a II a IICToplICKa BIlCTIIII<.1.
Bnpo'lc;'.!. Mllrpal(1I0llllTC ItBIl)f(Cl-ba, OC06CHO BO 6pm13CHOTO BpeMc. O,Q<lMlia
CC COfJlC.lHlHIl KaKO IICTop"CKa BIiCTIIII<I,
nmHaTO C ACKa EmneT IIJBpWU.Tl rOneMO BJlIIjaHllc Bp3 KPIIT, no"paJ
0:raHaTOTO. MIHIOJltllTc ro KoplfCTcnc Xliepornllq,CKOTO nllC!\1O (c. 2100-
1:>80). Bo ncpllOnoT Olt c. 1650-1400 fO,u. MIIHOjl(IITC pa3BIIBaaT conCTSCIlO
nllC\tQ Hape'leHo Jllllleapilo A. Olt Koe KC npoll3nc3e Jlllllcapl'l oTO B IIIIC\IO.
cO'IYBaHo ua rnllHCmlTC nnOllKIl oTKp" e HIl Ha KPIIT II n cnonollc3. Bpc,Qllo C
Jltl CC CIIO\lHC nOjJsaTa Ha BKonaHIiTe T.H. Tholos tombs" IIIlBllaT<l
nOCJlIIOCTaSlia BaplljaHTa - Chamber tombs KOII nOA BnlljaHlic Ha ErllllcT. a co
1I0CpCnCTBo lI a Kpill'. Kt! CTaHaT 06cnc)f(je Ha MTlKCHCKaTa cnoxa par exccllence.
npII"lnalllll'IITC H" Tc"aT ' '
\ '''' a 3a axaJcKa. OnllOCl1O rp'IK3 "pllna,QHocT 11(1
MIIKCHCKIITC snanCTcnll ro IlaB ' ,
< KaKO apryMcllT np"cYTBOTO lIa opan<l
Ha 3nal'HilTe MJCKII Mona (IIa' ) ,
1--\< 11111 npaKTIIKYBaHa KaJ MIIKCIII(IITC. 3a pa3J11IK<l
0,l1 KpliTjaHIlTC (II ErtlllK'a""I') 6 ' '
, r c KOIi ce OHOJ apfyMclIT CCKi.lKO
HC Tpc6a Aa cc JanOCTaBIl
. HO HCTO TaKa Tpc6a CC II:-'Ia npCJlBIlJl 11
nOJlIlTIlKaTa KOja MItKCIICKIlTe
a . BJla,QCTenll Mopane na ja cnpOBCllYBaaT.
KPYA<CIIII co .llpyra Cl' UIflIK<I n onynal(lIja ap3 Koja Bna,QCCJlc. no oapalhCTO
HallliH 3a IIACI-ITllrhllKYBalbC '
'F ' co Hea. npl1cflaKaJlC HallBopcwml 06cnc)f(p. BO
1I0CClbC lIa 6pana B '
. npo leM. npUCYCTBOTO lIa OBOj Tyr CJlCMCIlT
84
.... Apd. Blhl. II, 1,4 In, Diod SIt.. V. 5H: Paw, .. II. 19. 3, Aeschyl .. suppl, 250 j n
G. o. <.: 102. Fig. 98.
naTlira J131TCKY npcAlTojaBaTa lIa norpe6yuaibaTa co '
,... 3JTal1HlTe MaCI\" a TO'I
6 11no AOBOnl-W BPCMC Ita 1I0BOlt0JltCHU.IITC ce nOIiCTOBcTa A' '
.' T co xaJIUITc.
KpaJoT 11<1 MlilloJcK3Ta MOK e npCnll3BIII\aH co a '
XajCI\OTO OCROJY"iUhC
Ha OCTpOBOT Kplll' c. 1400 r. HewTO npen Toa BO MIIKcl-la 0' ,
. nara BJlI1J31111CTO
Ha KpancBIITC II npllMaTOT ro npC3el>taaT axaj' CKIITC Bnane '
, Tellli. \Icry KOII
nO;1DUIIi.l KC 611,QaT 113Jcn3Btlll A-rpeJ II AraMC\lHOH.
np06nCMOT /liTO ro 1I0CTaBIIBMC BO HacnOBOT Ha oooj Tpyn KOII Ct.!
CTUII'IKIlTe JlOCIlTenll lIa Tpe6cmlWKaTa HCKponona. ro npOWllpl18\IC II IIa
n eTllnen -OepalH\1I 11 npynlTc nCKpOnOJTTI BO n cnaroHllja. Kal\O II lIa CIII/AOC
1\ ocraHaTTlTC lIa XaJJKTlllllK 11 nonHOTO n ooapnaplC. OnpaRAY-
BalbC 3a OlW uaJAOBMC BO lIe0611'IHaTa CPOIlHOCT Ha rp061111TC npllnOJII II
6POjllilTC IICTII IInl1 CpO/lHIl Ilojaoll BO JlYXOBHIIOT )KIIBOT 111.1 nonyn<llllUiTC
uno fli Jl3cenYB<lnc oOlle npOCTopli. On Apyra CTpaHa. OTCYCTBOTO lIa anllc
MJllllq}eCT<lllllll BO PCfllOllIITC 3a KOI1 311aCMC Cl1rypHO lI.el\a nplillafanc lIa
JlPyrll CTHIl'1 Kit rpYIl3L\IlII. 3a npano Aa 3al\nY'IiIMC lI.CKa onllc npoc-ropll
611lTC lIacenelill co CAlia \I IICTa nonynaU;lIja. 3a Koja BepysaMe /lCKa Tpc6a.ll.a
cc IIp:e llTllqmKyua co najollcKIITC TlnCMlliba.
Bo apxajcKTIoT ncpllo,Q. BpeMe 00 KOC CC BKnonYBaaT CIiTe IICKPOIIOJTII.
op:ellUaLlJ paCl(YTcna CAlia KynTypa KOJa HCMa napancJJII BO 1aAHIIHaTa 1,.,
oanKallol'. IITiTy Ha TpaKllcKlloT. IIIITy lIa IIJ1IIPCKIIOT IIpOCTOp. HCj]1I11110T
ccnKyncH IITITCpCC C CSPTCH KOH MCTOK. OITaMY cc u;pnclIII IIIlCilTC. T<I"')"
ne)KaT KOpCHllTe Ha AYXOBlillTe IlojaBl1 11 ua npeq)llHeTOCTa BO 3allaCTIIT(: II
cynTTlnHHoT 113pa3 BO YMeTHII'IKOTO TBOPCWTBO.
259
Ho. Toa TBOPCIIlTBO lie
MO)l(C110 na ce pa3Rllc npcKY ejlHOCTaBHII KOHTaKTII \I Ha Tyrll
/tocTilruYBalba. Toa Mopa,Qa ce jaoYBa KaKO pe3Y11TaT Ha non rOTpal 1111 OpCKIi
lIa nonynallllllTC BO "lIj GilT CC lIaTanO)KeHII nYXOBHlI II/lel! BO pCJlllrIlOJIII':C
ccjJaKau,a II l1arOH KOl1 YMCTIIII'IKI! 113pa3. KOII BO CneH nOBOJJCII MOMCIIT Kt.!
H3GlljaT lIa 1l0npUlllua. A TIlC SpCKII HUSIICTIIHU 1I0CTocnc.
KaKo LIITO ce 1I0K(\)I(a on "PCTXO,QIIOTO 113JTaralbc.11II33 MUlHl(jlccTalllll1
" nojanll CC Bp3yoaaT 3a ErlilieT II KpIlT. K<lKO II 3a Allanollliju BO 1I01l1llPOK<I
, , aCe"eHI,e BO I\OIHIOTO n onal"
CMIICJJa. IlaJcT3poTO GpOIIJCIIOBpCMCHCKO II J>
, A "11)'a a 80 TIJOana cc ROCCJT)'Il:1aT
,QapJc II IIa XaJTKII,QIIK nOTcKllyaa on lIaAo". ,....
0
" KpliT KOj' OR CBOja cTpalla,
1I0TOMI\IITC ua TeyKpo. KOII nOTeKHYBaaT,... .' "
, E HaCC1lYBalbeTO 113 Teyl,!mT!.:
npmllln MlioryGpoJHlI ,QoccnCIIIIUIi Oll rImeT.
T
'Ta SOj'Ha npSII OT 6paH 11<1
Ha oanKallOT ce OAllfpano npcn pOjJHcKa . T 'aT'1
, pan ]lCTO TaKa IlpeR pOJUtiCK. <
IIpcccnllllu.1I KpllT BO EMaTIlJU ce o,Qllr < II .'
, 'P"TCKII O. ;taml
oOJlia. no KOj ycnCJl,tlnc JlOlHI 6paHosil lia K ,
, ' 'TC rpo60BIIII pllTyaJJOT CBP1<I1I
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88
L Konova, 111e Necropolis from Trcbenistc _ Studies and Problcms. THRACIA 11. SerJi;;,I;;
1995,1951111
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nllCf,lIl1bal'a JlOl(llpaHII nocCBcpHO KC ja 3aAp)KaT cBojaTa caMoCTOJIlOCT
" so TCKOT lIa V SCK. CYACjKII cnopcn MOHCnlTC na najollcKIlTC I1nanCTCJJlI
nOKIiMOC. 6aCTapcoc. TCYTaoc. Toa e ce )'UITC ncplIon IIa nOKamm BJ1aJ],cTCJlII
- KpanCBII KOJ "PCTXO.QII lIa o6e,o:IIIIYBal-hCTO Ha najoHllja BO AP)KaIHia
nOJllITil'!Ka opraHlI3al(lIJa. Koja nOI.0LtHa. BO TCKOT Ha I V BCK. KC IIrpa 11I11IIIa
Yllora Ha JY)KH!IOT 6aIlKal-l.
HaWIITCJlOJlroTpajHIl npOY'IYBalba Bp3 np06I1CMaTlIKaTa OIl "acnOBOl'
Ha OBOJ Tpyn, MllcnaM. 6ewc npCJlHo.u,a 6uJ],aT 06jaBcllIl. KaKO MllcnClbC KDe
3a rIpSnal' CC lIojasyna no apXCOJlOUlKaTa HaYKa. sepynaM .n.cKa HCMa l(a 6J1AC
CCKoraw 6JlarOilaKnOilO npllcpaTeHo, OJlHOCHO Tpcl'llpaHO KaKO HOBO C0311allliC
H3 Koe l'pe6a na My ce YKalKC COOJ],Bel'lla AOBep6a II nOAapl1 SllllMall"C.
BKOPCHCTlll'C cq)JKalba TCIUKO ce lIanyu1Taal'. OCTaHYBa 1(<1 ncpynaMc II IHI
CC HaflCBJMC JlCKa 1IJ(II11TC apXCOJlOU1Kil OTKplITl lja II KC J<l
nOKa)f(aT IIcnpauliOCTa lIa HaUiaTa TC3a.
90
WHO WAS BURIED IN THE TREBENISTA
CEMETERY
FOIIEIVORD
Sincc its discovcry in 1918 until the present day the cemctery nearTrehcnist<l
has remained the biggest mystery In the archaeology and the carlic_", history of the
Macedonian tcrntories. The excluslvc and. up to that lIme. thc unique gravc find ..
attracted thc allentlOIl of thc sClcntific CIrcles. Numerous renowncd scholar .. ha\'c
attempted to flild answer ... to a wholc range of problems and question, ammg from
this discovery.
In the se\'cral burials have comc up In ReCica ncar Ohrid. In
Beranci. Babino and Rapes 111 Pelagonia. as \'vell as m Valando\'o and Gc\gchJa In
Ihe Vardar Val Icy. I n the tCrrltory of north Greece. in Karaburun.1n Thcv;alolllkc
(the Church of Agios Paraskevis) :..c\,eral burials from the same lime howc becn
discovered yielding finds corresponding to the Trcbenista Ne\crthelcs ... nonc
of these discoveries has posed the question of who was buried IIllhese ccmctcncs. Ill.
other words, which was thc population that practiced the old Egyptian cu ... tOIl1 01
covering the faces of thc deceased with gold masks. Thc diseo\cry of thc ccmeter)
. b d I 11 ( 'cd cata[oguc which twve
III Sindos and the publl."hlllg of the a Ull ant y I us ra , '.
. . - d pcrspectJ\'es forrcsol\'lIlo somc
shown close with r rcbcl1lsta,opcne new . _ I!> I
. bl h . ce II is beCOll11llg clear Ihal t
questions that have so far been dlsput<l e III I cSClcn . ,.
. ",,'d tal and thc Illlk thai
phenomena comlllOlito all the dlsco\'cnes IS not ,ICC I en,
them is abollt to be elucidated.
SHORT HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY
THEOENFSTA . "" 'r'
, , h frst se,-ell III nUllll]l;f. \ C C
. [n 19 [8. during the Fir .. , Wortd Ie of ycars rater. III the penod
discovered <ltthc locality known as 511\ a Cesm, . p ,- Thc\ "ieldcd gold
f found al the same slle. .
rOm [930 to [933, five more graves '<1 Id ppliquc .... brOlW: hctmch.
masks, breastplates. "g[ovcs", "sandals and other eO a
91
bronle and sliver ware. gold and stiver ycwellery. imported COrlnthlan potlery ;\nd
other artifact .... Thl ... extraordlllary dlsco\ery fostered Ihe scholars to take up ne\\"
eXCa\atIOIl .... <lIthe ,amc sHe III 1953 and 195 .... when rather graves werc found.
In 1972 excavation" were carried alit at the loeali.lles Tri Celjusti and VrtuIJl..a.
Twenty SIX graves \\.:ere discovered on 1bal occasion. also of poor COnten\. The
seUlemenlthJI u ...ed this cemetcl)" was presumably located ncar the vlIlagc of Gorenci.
DELAGOZDA
A lumulu... formed of .,tone Circle. measuring II meter., in diameter, wa.,
discovered III 1985 III the necropolis of wide chronological span ncar Village
Delagozda. not far from Siruga. One of the best preserved grnves with ... keletal
burial included a bronze helmet. bronze olpe. clay skyphos. etc. It is dated to 510-
500 Be.
KECI CA
In 1954 a grave with interesting finds was discovered accidentally ncar village
Recica, including bronle helmet. rhomboid silver plaque and omega pin. IllS dated
to the 5th century Be.
ReCica I ... located In a mountainous area far frol11 the road that connected Ihe
Lichnidos region wit h I leraclea, which leads to an assumption that Isolated bunall'"
III que ... uon.
PETILEP-IJERANCI
A burialm a grave of Clst type was discovered at the site of Petdep-Beranci
about ten kilometers to the north of Bitola in 1954 yielding bronze krather. bronze
amphora and other grave goods. Burnt bones of a female deceased were gathered III
the krather as well as a gold mask (con:-.iderably damaged). gold pendant\ of necklace
silver car-rings. pins, fibulae, etc. The grave could precisely be dated to 520-5101
500 Be.
The settlement to which the cemetery of Petilep-Beranci belonged has not
been identified with certainty. Remains of several settlements are located at about
the same distancc.
VALANDOVO- GEVGEU}II REGION
In thc actual town of Valandovo, more precisely, in the area of Zclc nistc. a
cemetery has been discovercd. the span of which ranges from the close of the 7th to
the early decades of the 5th century BC
Several burials in of cist type have been dlscovercd at the site of
Bisov Rid near the village of Smokvica. The finds correspond to the ones from
Trebenisla, although they arc of poor quality.
92
INDO
The mtcrest aroused by the Smdos cemetery now d. '. '
d
'h- a ays I ... certamly nOl Ie ......
'
han the atlenl10n atlractc WI! III the scholars by the disco' , f h "
\ery Ole Trebcml,ta
cemetery althe tllnc. A number of 121 graves have been d' d '
h
I"COVere . among \\-hlch
the ones of cY"t type arc t e mo"t nUlllerou\. There are all,o cI ''" h
' . ' ay sarcop agl plain
b
urial<;, in a pll. wherea ... several bunab are In a wooden coffi Th ' '
_ '. . In. e grave" Yielded
Cor
lilthian and Atllc c1,lY va"es, terra-COttas "llvcr and gold jC' II
'. \e cry. o,\capon ....
helmets. gold masks and a lot of dl\.:ersc appliques. The chronological ...p;m of the
burials ranges In other words, Ihe cemetery mU"'1 have been
used in the archaiC penod untilihe beginning of the ClaSSical Period. The settlement
With which Ihe Silldos cemetery can be associated is iocaled at the Toumba
of Nea Anchialos, showing a wide chronological span.
C/IALCIIJICE - I
The archaeological finds of the type discovered inlhe Smdos cemctery and
in Trcbenisla arc also known from the Stathatos collection. They have been compiled
within a long period of time as chance finds discovered in the area of ChillCH.lice_
The absence of data concerning the circumstances and sites of discovery docs not
diminish thei r value to a considerable extent.
MIKRA KA RAIJ URUN
During the World War I, se\'eral graves of CISt type were discovered 111 the
area southeast of Thessalonica with grave finds thai correspond to the artifacts from
Sindo\ and Trebenista according to the type. style and thc dat1l1g.
/lAGIOS PARIISKEVIS
The archaic cemetery near Hagios Paraskevis, of which severallillact ...
have been published, has revealed the contel1l as the
ones. In addition to the Connthian and Atllc pottery. attention 1\ attracted by bronle
helmets of the Iype found in Trebenista and Sindos, as well other
, I
Th is short survey of archaic cemeteries and their content show ...
.. .'. . ". . , 1\' 'thesubt1cphennom,UHll1lSPIlItU,1
aSlolllslllngs1IllI Ianty. l hlsclrcumslancc,as
we
as . d "h one 'llld the ... alllc
, ' I, ,I Y should be associate WI '
life. lead to a conc!ll:-'Ion tla lC , I ' rd"pifllUal ltfc ;lnd
d
' 'I vay the re allon towa ..
population that manifeste III SlIllI ar \
existence.
ETHNIC ATTRIIJUTION OF TflE REGIONS , ,,' I'"
'.' re ions 111 which the archaiC pnnce),
If we knew the tnbcs that scttled the gh' 'hn"c anribution would not be
, d I blem of t elr e h' t
lombs have been dlscoverc ,lIe pro I 'hole range of population" t a
I I
.' among tIC \\
particularly complicated. Nev"ert IC css.
93
sCllled certain arC'lS III IIlsufficiently defined times, m circumstances of frequent
migrations and IIlflucnce of different cultures, it I!' not easy 10 fmd answers 10 thiS
kind of questions. The data preserved In the works of the ancient and hislOrlan"
are mamly partial and the) are often scarcely defincd. both In regard to the tcrritones.
and III regard to chronology. In these circumstances. the problem should be approached
to from more than one aspect. which will be done further in the study.
LOlVER VA RDAR VA LLEY AND NORTH CHA LCIDICE
In hIS extensIve work "A History of Macedonia" Hammond callle to a
conclusIOn that the Paconians had Ihe leading power In the wider regIon of the
LowerVardar Valley after 550 Be. The H1I3Ck of Paeonian ... 10 Perinthus and also [0
Abdcra is ascribed to Ihls period. The traditions preserved III St rabo that there \Va ... a
tillle when Pacon in extended from Pclagonia to Pier ia and in Polybius that Emathla
was Paeonian. shou ld. to all probability, also refer to this period. We know that
Paeonians lived by the Lake of Prasias, at Mt. Pangaeulll and Ilcar Sin'is. These
Pacomans wou ld later be resettled to Asia Minor by Megabazlis. It is also I-..nowll
thai Xerxe.\ passed through Paeonia and Crestonia on hb march to Thcnna.
If these data arc sufficient to show that Paeonian\ held control the Lower
Vardar Valley and the lands east ofAxlos up to the confluence of Strymon in the
...econd half of the 6th century Be. than the arca around the conOuence of Galllkm,
must have belonged to Paeonians, including the Sindos cemetery.
OfililD REGION
The populations that settled the Ohrid region Implicate cel1ain kmd of mystery.
On the ground of data preserved 111 ancient sources, sc ience take 11110 cOl1side!'ilIIOn
Encheleae and Dcssaretae.lhc former as ancient insufficiently chronologically defined
people, the later as of the region in the Roman Times.
Encheleae and Lychnidus are associated with the legend of Cadmus. Lychnidu\
is also confirmed to have been established by Phoenician Cadmus. PolybiLLs inforllis
that Ph ilip V took over Enchclane, in addition to other ci ties in the Ohrid region.
when he fought aga1l1st lllyrians in 217. Pseudo-Scymnos mentions that there was a
lake called Lychni tis in the land of Encheleae.
These dala show expl icitly that Enchcleae lived by the Llkc Ohrid. The later
sources mention Enchelel.lc that settled the area around Buthoc and RhilOn. north of
the Scodra Lake. A problem is whether we should count on their migration frollllhc
Ohrid region 10 the Adriatic or identify them with Eel-people that were brought to
the fore by cerlam important event!. at some points in the history. in any t.:a<.,e. there
is apparent absence of material traits about Ihe time before the 7th centllry BC III
Ohrid. We infer that Enchcleae, who had lived in this area from the Bron/e Age, lost
their power at that time or migrated to the Adriatic in the turbulent tllnes resllltlllg
94
I
rom Ihe migration of Bryges to ASia Mmor. ln Iheeou [h 7
. rseo I e thand6th
Be Paeonians took over predominance of the Ohrid region.
The area of village Reelca, where SClrtlana is loea d bel . .
whO arc referred to as Paeonian tribe by Stephanus ong!>'!o SClrliam'"
PELAGONIA
It has been recorded 111 the ancient Sources that the terri [P I .
I ones 0 e ;lgonlJ
Oerriopus and Lyncus bordered somewhere 10 modem Pelagon,a PI'
. - e :Igones sell led
the Moriovo regIOn. lIlcludlllg the area of Prilep. The we!-)t pan o[ Ih' I' I d
. . _ . ep alOlIIC U 109
Il
le upper and middle course of the Engon river belonocd to Derr,opc . II 1-
_ 0 \.,IS\\e ,1\!IC
towns of Bn:ll11on. Alcomena Styberra. It seems that Derriopcs occuplcd thc
territories southward of BlIola III the archaic period. At some poln! 111 the second
half of the 5th century BC Lyncestae expanded towards nOrlh and Hcraclc;\ could
consequently. be considered the northernmost point of Lynclis. In the Pcriexi
Ille Erigon marsh formed the border among Lyncus. Dernopus and PcI;\gonia
Concerning the ethnic aspect of Paeonians and Derriopcs, eVitiencc C;111 be
found in the sources. According to Livius, Derriopus is designated as P;leoman land
Pelagones arc also lIleluded within Paeonians. wherea ... Asteropaeus. the son of
Pelegon and the River God originates from the rich Paeonia. All the')c would.
')ome time later, become constituent parts of the Paeoman state_
BURIALS
An Important component of the ethnic distinction of cerlam population I' the
bUrial pract ice. I f thiS IS so. we should expect the same burial practICe 111 the
necropolises In Trebeni {ta, Slndos and Beranci, at lea!.t In Ihe ones where gold de'llh
masks have been discovered. According to the archaeological matenal. Ihe "tlllC
should refer to the cOlllciding archaic necropolises included 111 our ,Iudy.
- .. . [_ l"Iely 100 10 ,lliow
The data In the SCientifiC lLterature are, un Out11" , .
, . f I I' T
more comprehenSive conSideration 0 ques Ion. r _ ..
. ... '11 II [opposed Ollinlons. partl(;ularl)
of problem. The practice of bunalls stl a Illa ero . .'
. . f carbolll7ed wood taund 111
concerning the first five graves. The great quanl1tles 0 .
, ' h tion IS III which
the excavations ponlt to an assumption t at crema .
, . I t been preserved ;II aiL or. 111
espeCially due to the fact that the skeletons lave no .. I
. d thus leavlIlg an 0
Some cases, merely fragmcllts 01 them have rel1la1l1e , [ Vul,'c"s Gr3\'e X
- I' t data come rom . .
IIlclnerated deceased. Somewhat more cxp ICI _ d 20?' vears of age. The
. . [. an thai die at --.,) .
which IS said to have Yielded bones 0 a worn b I s nOl known whelher
d lIered near )'. t I ..
bones were gathered III a bronze plate an sca iled lilts 10 a po\\ibll Ll )
they werc burnt, though the fact of theIr being p . lpob I there are no!
B
' I 'd Ie a fOmler buna. u VII
ones plied In a heap could a so III Ica , _ . Graves VI and
IS hkorp!l'S drJ"lngs. .
of the secondary one, Accordmg to Kar c I d d 'eletons of In
h
- -onallv Inc u e \r..
t at have been dl ... covered b) hml pers }
95
certain parIS of (he from Graves I-V arc marked \'>'jlh Ihicke
line ..... whIch lIldlcatcs that he found them In Situ. r
II I'> inlCre\lmg to nole [hal all [he burials arc III plain pits of larger dllllens
. ,1011\
c.1.10" 1.00-1.30 m. The grave goods are arranged III a way that [he big vessel,
laid by the leg .. ilnd the gold and silver art.lfacts by the head. The grave oriClHation
\V;IS not strictly adhered to. These conclusions have been adduced from the VlJlic\
excavations. Gra\e ... of these dimen..,ions indicate Ihat sl..eletal bunals arc III qUC\[IO
n.
On the other hand. large quantities of carbonized wood led scholar.., to an
assumption that the deceased from Trebenista were buried in wooden corfin .... SOIllC
scholars even suggc ... lcd thm the gold masks might have been nailed upon them_
Numerous grave goods. (some of them rather large; krathers. hydrias. tripod) point
to substantial dimenSions of the coffins. which would correspond to the S11C of grave
p1ls. After the discovery of wooden coffins in the Sindos cClllclCry. we could conclude
wnh considerable certainty that they might have also appeared in Trcbl.!niSta.
It is known that substantial quantities of stones have been dug out from the
Trebenista graves during the t.!xcavations. This detail points to an as ... umptlon that
they were used for forming barrows. by analogy with Graves 32 and 33 discovered
by V. Lahtov. According 10 description of N. Vulic a layer of densely arranged ... tones,
about one meter high. was laid upon grave X. Related masses of Mones have been
mentioned by Lahtov concerning the trenches dug in the excavations at Suva Ccsma
It IS not eas) to identify the form of thesc large heap ... of stoncs, We should nOi
exclude the posslbilllY that they formed a dome Lahtov has recorded a group of
graves enCircled wJlh a stone wall reminiscenlto large tumull1s. Although the eXistence
oftunlul1 upon the pnncely graves can not be confirmed, this possibihty should not
be rejected. This IS supported by the existence of a tumulus in the neighbouring
Delago'da, which would be considercd further in thc study.
As 11 IS already known. the rich "princely" graves have been di ... covcred 111
two groups arranged In rows, Some ten meters distance between the graves
space for enclosure of each grave with stone circle thus forming a tuml1il1s for one
deceased. which could be expecled with graves of local ruling class.
All thc points out thai the deceased from the "princely" graves
from Trcbcnista were inhumed, which is also confirmed by thc factthatlhe
so called "primitive" graves discovered in the locality of Suva Cesma have
skelelal burials. The graves were formed of hcaps of Slones mainly In ov.ll ... harc
Somewhat relatcd are the burials at Tri Celjusti and Vrluljka. which have sI10\\11
chronological span frolllthe 7th to the 51h century Be, thus pointing to a conl111111t)
of Ihe burial rituals and practice. To our knowledge, no cremation has been dl ...coveretl
III the Ohrid Region. This fact should be taken inlo consideration,
A burial from Ihe time of the "princely" graves has been discovered 10 the
cemetery Svell Ihja near Oelagozda. not far from Trebenista. It is a tumulus encircled
with stones. Several separate graves have been found within il. One of the
was slightly preserved. Another grave was better preserved. It is Grave 84. "how1Ilg
96
[I male 1Ilbu11lcd dccea"ed.
ones.
It IS dated to 510 SOO BC Ih .
- '. u" comeldlllg \\ llh the
Jr we adhere to tbe burial practice in identif)mg th h ..
T b
'w, _ . e et me al1111al1on 01
deceased. the rc CIllSl.l deceased should be attributed to one I.
w popu ,Ilion. and the
ones from Dclagozda buned In tumulus to another Nevertheless II .
. . .. 11 ... assumption 1\
reJccted by the f:Lclthat both the cemeteric\ belong to one gcog"ph h .
. . . lC region \\11 no
nalUral which 1OdlCatc ... that all of 11 \\U!;. rulcd by one and Ihe
pOpulation mlhe time \\-hen bllnals occurred. Explanation of these phenomena \hould
be traced 111 preservcd old IradlllOn by some mdividuals and adoplion of nc\\
by olhers, Il owcver, the two are associated b, the me of
LllhumatlOn.
The only burial we know from the cemetery m Petllcp-BenL11Cl With
cremation. Remains of a burnt wcre gathered 111 a bronze kr;lIhcr together
wilh jewellery and the gold mask. Other grave goods were laid ncar the kralhcr. ThIS
burial from the Beranci necropolis should nOI be isolated. If there arc \ome 1I10re
"princely" graves, we do nOI know their practice of burial. though Ihe same nlu;11
should be expected, The necropolis at Crhisle-Beranci, in which COlll11lUllY 01 bUr1<lh
from Ihe 6th 10 the mid-3rd century Be have been confirmed. has provided interest1l1g
data on c011lcidlng practice of cremation and inhumation. Grave 33. which d;lIed
10 Ihe end of the 6th century. is skeletal. whereas Grave 44 from the ... amc time h,l\
shown cremation.
The Slndos cemetery has not been published \\1Ih all the reql11Tcd
documentation that should present information on the Interrelation of graves.
parlicularly of the ones Ihat could be considered 'pnncely". The content of Ihc Olhl.'r
graves Ihat arc not 1Ilcluded In the catalogue. among which there mu ... ' be \Oll\!'"
pnmitive one ..... IS not known to us. Thc bnef report from the e1(ea\ation ... .. th;11
all burials were wilh inhumation, The only difference IS In the J...11ld:-. of gravc .... Covered
cists of stone slabs arc Ihe most frequent. There are several burial ... in cia) ...;lfCOphagl-
larnaxcs decoraled with rellefs on both sides. A number of buriah arc 111 wooden
coffin ... , whereas there arc some In plain grave pi Is. The deeea:sed
Karaburull are buricd in stone cists. The case is the same with Ihe slles of Zc1ell1stc
. GI G ste and Mdc! nC'lr GevgcllJa
in Valandovo. Bisov Javor ncar Smokvlca. os- rCI ' ...
where the 61h and 5th century graves show continuity from the atc Iron Age, m:LLllly
In cist as prcvniling kind of grave structurcs.
These discoverics show thaI 11lllUmalion in graves of cist type \V,IS comr,1l0
B
n
c
lY
61 d
thebeginningofthe5thcenlUlY
adopted burial pracl1cc at the end of the t 1 an .. I
h
wilh M}cenacan lmpaci. n
Resl1ll1ng from influences from south, t c Clst ap t,; I . tant 10 note
,. ve struclure liS lmpor
the developed Iron Age, It wa .. predom11lal1ng gra - hh t",e St.Htl11g
. r . (0 vards nort all e same 1 . ,
thai there was an Impact of thl\ type 0 gra\cs \ , - I d to caS! Macedonia
h
.. I M . and Dedel1 It rcac Ie
Wll the cemetenes III Gcvge lP, I an 11lCI 'h Delag
oz
da hurill,
Be Amono t e '
and the SkoPJ-e region as early as the 7th eC11tury, :>, .tructu"> althouoh
.- IBonzeAge<lra,e\ .... ' e-
there is a IUtnulus ... howing features of tradition a r _ II 0 I similar to Ihe om: 111
. . I b als under sma tllmu 1.
11 IS With skeletal burial. Ana ogous un Db rSopot northofVele\.
D d h
ropohs a lei nea .
elagozda, have been discovere at t e nec -
97
though the gra\e" arc slightly earlier and hu\c yielded diffcrent Content of grave
good ..
The best e\idence on burialsJrorn thc same pcriod has been
pre-sen'cd III the necropoliscs Suva Ce.sma. Tri Ccljusti and Vrtuljka. They arc all
plam burials in grave .... formed of scanerd stones. barrow typc. SEt W oriented, The
coincidmg nccropole .... from Pelagonia. as v.'ell as the ones thm belong to the early
ClaSSical Period. do not differ much In regard to their external features. apart from
the occa;.>ional appearancc of massive grave structures.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MATERIAL
The discovery of the T rehenista cemetery aroused great mterest Within the
scientific Circles. Particular attention has been paid to research of the bronle Wilre-
krathers, hydri<ls, oinochoi. including silver cups and rhytons. Attempts have bcen
made for interpretation of certain Objects the intentions of which are rather uncertain.
The approach to solving the problem concerning the gold Illasks appears to be
particularly Important.
Without pretence of making delailed analysis. we would adherc to consldenng.
from our point of VICW. the groups of artifacts that have been produced in local
work-shops and the distribution of which is confined Illainly to thc Paeonian area. as
will be shown. SOl11e scholars have alrcady discussed in favour of the local on gill of
particular artif<lcls. My research also follows the same dIrection. laking into
considcration the possibility that these exactly are the finds that could elucidate the
questIons related to the roots, malllfestalion and spiritual life orthe local population
emerging from theIr essential <I!tHude towards life and the stage of cultural and
economic development.
WARRIOR EQUIPMENT
II ELMETS
Among the finds from thc area we are interested in, a prominent place belongs
to the helmets. EIght spccimens come from Trebenista. In the sites of Recica.
Delagozda, Bukri and Babino one specimen has been found III each. The
cemetery has yielded five pieces. The Stathalos collection Illcludes one helmet. as
well as the Cancllopoulos collectIOn, the specimen of which is espeCIally important.
due to the lIlscnption rcadlllg "I belong to Paion" Helmets have also been dIscovered
III Mikra Karaburun and lIagios Paraskevis in Thcssalonica, in Zejtllllik, Kapugilar
and Tnlophon-Mcssmleri. We also know of a specimen from Tctovo. The pieces
found III AlbanIa are rather outstanding. Only IWO specimens of all the aforc-
98
mentioncd helmets bclong to the COrinthian [Y Th
Greck- Illyrian type. although they would actuali'bc others arc. of the so called
I
h d d b Y c,llled Paeonian' . d
the area 0 t elr ensest Istn utlon and the on ' (F' . dccor mg to
gin Igs.I-12).
Helmcts playcd an Important rolc Inlhe Ii" f P .
, IC 0 aeoman., wh h'
by pr01mnent depiction of helmet on the coins f L ' '. IC ISconllnncd
a aeael and 'd
nllers Eucrgetes. Ooklmos and Baslares (Figs. 13-161. Accor ,t:: ncs, an their
several scholars Ihal rcscarched Ihe typolog) of h I dlllg to Ihe dating 01
. . e mels. great de'll of Ih h
been ascnbed to Ihe span from thc second quaner a d h " em <\\c
n I c mid-6th cemUf)' to Ih
begllllllllg of the 5th cemury Be. The precise dating of [h S d,' " e
520 docs not necessenly have to refer to the helme,s he hill oShbunals from 5.tO-
. 'h IC mig t h'we bee I
a couple of decadcs earlier. n mac e
IVEAI'ONS
Only traces of weapons have been preserved in Trebcn,s',, b '1 \
". ' un,1 s.} ccorcling
10 drawmgs o! Karl Schkorpd they have been confirmed In 'II ,I I
. " lC ma c
Spear-heads arc better preserved,.whereas swords ha\'e been found only 111
fragmenls. Certain P,\E ts of them. such as hilts from graves VI and VII enable Inilhl!l"
approximatc reconstrucuon of the corresponding 10 the
Sindm,.
The Sindos swords are dated to the span from c.540 to thc beglllnlllg of the
51h century Be. Pairs of \pears have most frequently been found in all the graves
Thc swords and .\pears from archaic burials do nOI differ much from Ihe one ..
discovered In the Iron Age graves. not from the pieces disco\'ered III the
Vardar Valley nccropolises. On the contrary. they secm to represent cOn!lIlu,11
produclion of local \Vorb,hops (Figs. 17-19).
JEWELLERY
Among the grave goods. a prominent place is occupied by the Jewellery.
which abounds With diversity of ideas and compositions of that bring about
art istic perfect ion. Fil igree and granulation are predominating In
production of gold yewellery.
EA R,RINGS
S
. . II'k h beendo,sco\'cred III Pelalfonian
cveral v'H"lcllcsoffunnc - I'cear-rlngs ave eo
necropoli\es, in Trcbcnista and. less frequently, in SlIldos 20-23). Exciu'>I\1'
f flil' lace IIkc band endlllg \\lIh
Spccllnens from Sindos arc Ihe ones 111 a orm 0 I Igree - ,
big rosette (Fig. 26). In the absence of corresponding analogie ... a parallel Ciln
d h II
t of SI31halos :lI1d rel.lIt::l
faWn belwcen the nUlllcrous band frolll t e co ec Ion .
. f h' hi" still fcmalllcd uncleaf.
specimens form Trbcnista. the mtentlOll 0 \V Ie
IJRACELETS
The only Iype of bracelets from the archaic nccropoli\cs 111 the Paeonian
temtones arc the ones. cndlllg with snake heads. Unlike the car-rings. the bracclt::h
appeared sOl11e 11111e later. dallllg from c.51 0-460 (Fig ..... 27-29),

The mo .... t allractlve group among the jewellery are. by the shlmng of the gold
and the perfection 111 the technique of execution. the necklaces. In addition to the
excluslvel) beautiful and presumably the unique specimen... discovered at Sindos.
particularly Important for liS are the pendants ill a fonn of miniature amphora.
trapezoidal plaques. as well as the pyramidal pendants. (FIgs. 30-36) They arc all
parts of necklaces. They are decorated with various patterns III filigree technique
and additional granulallon. By their apparent simi larity. the specimens discovered at
Sindos, Trebeni{ta. Beranci and some unknown Chalcidian slles show explicHl,
their bemQ executed 111 local workshops and presumably by the same masters. They
have been .... discovered III burials dated to c. 510-500 Be.
Amber necklaces made either of treated pieces, or of amorphous ones.
appeared In all the necropolises (Chaicidice. Sindo.s. Trcbenista. Beranci and
Smokvica (Fig 38).
FIIJUL4E
The Asia Minor type of fibulae is the only type of fibulae appearing 1Il the
Paeonian areas. They appeared mlhe necropolises in Paeonia mtlle last two decades
of the 6th century and would remalil in use until c.440 Be. The closest 10 the origlllal
form are Ihe golden fibulae from grave 67 from Sindos (Fig. 40). the prototypes of
v.'hich are considered 10 be the ones from Lindos. Gordion and Ephesus. Nevertheless.
the Asia Minor fibulae have reached thei r peak in the PaeollJan areas and are
considerably widespread (Figs. 41-44). In the Balkan territories the A"iia MLllor fibulae
have acquired some local characleristic. The ring-shaped ornament on the bow have
developed in a stylized poppy-head, an element essential for the Paeoni an Th.t.:
later specimens distributed inside the Paeonian territory (Skopje), in Bosnia (Strpcl)
and Vojvodina (Curug) show some baroque features.
PINS
Poppy-head ornaments that follow the style of the Asia Minor fibulae appear
as a rule on the pins, distrlbuled in a row under the roseue-head. All the specimens
from our necropolises are of excellent execut ion. (Fig. 45-47) The gold-.<:>Ll \er pair
of pinS from Sllldos discovered in grave 20 belong to the same type, with the onl)
difference thatlhe head IS executed 111 filigree in a form of conical rosette. Identical
<;,pccimen has been discovered III grave IX in Trcbenista . (Fig. 50-51)
The ongm of thi S type of pins is a.."isociated with Pel oponnesc. though It
extremely Widespread 111 the Paeonian areas.
100
Another type of pins, not very Irequent .
I b
. conslslS of two . ,
oi
led snake. They lave cen discovered In Ch'l d' n\-C[s III a form ot
r a CI Ice and Trcbe" .
Pins of omega type worked OUI of sll\'er a d mSla. (Fig. 55-56)
I
n, more frequent! ' b
been dlstnbuted ,throug lout the Paeoman terrltones. (Fi .57 U " ), ronle have
,),,y of pin .... which shows rather short span of prod g ) nhkc the PelOponncsc
r- . uetlon (the end of th 6 h
be2inlllng of the 5th century Be). thc manufacture of orne " . C I and the
th; Sih century Be. ga
p
lnscOntmucdthroughoUl
CULT ARTIFACTS
The artifacts with cult connotations are of cruciallmpo- I' h
. I' " "ance or t e problem
we are concerned \'.:\11. taking mto consideration that they rCnCCI th bel r . d
I
'r f hi' dele s an
spi rit.ual leo .t e popu alion an answer to the question of the ethnic :I.>:.PCCI of
cerU.lln culture IS actually concealed m them.
GOLl) DEATH MASKS
One of the most distinctive phenomena In the archaic cemetenes IS cenalnl)
the presence of the funerary masks discovered in a considerable number. FIve
have been discovered In the TrebeniSta cemetery (Figs. 58-61) and one at Bcr.mci
(Fig. 62). The five specimens from the Sindos cemetery have been discovered in
Graves 20. liS. 56 and 62 (Figs. 63-67). The collection of 11lcludes one
piece (Fig. 68). All the masks arc executed of thin gold foil. The countenance of the
deceased IS shaped partl) by Impression and partly by schematic depiction of
The masks on Figs. 64 and 65 could be considered the most successful spccllllem.
where rather elaborate countenances of an old woman and a young man h'l\'C been
achieved by pressing.
It is widely known that the idea of preserving the ponralt features of the
deceased ori ginates from Egypt. A<;, early as the end of the Old Empire. mask ... \verc
made of stucco on canvas with addi tional featuring the countenance of deceased, In
the times 10 follow, masks were executed in gold. In the territory of Europe. masb
have been di scovered in Mycenae in graves of Circle A and Circle B. c-.;ccutcd L1l
gol d and eicctrulll.
. . k sa subiect of research for
The probl em of the onglll ofTrebemsta mas s wa. . J .
. VI Popovic who
more than OLl e scholar. Among the most recent ones IS. , "I '
'. .' . f C etc as mtennedlary. lie strong)
their Egyptian ori glLl and POLllts to pOSItion 0 r , . , no thc
. d G k ntinental component. I t'
rejects the Mycenaean, IIIYflan an rec '-co d" . l'lled to
T
. . d" an customs m Ihe Ira 1I1Oil rc
rebenlsta masks with Egyptian-Me Iterrane d' . d on Crctc
d
. d h asks haye been .
Ivmation of deceased. Altbough no eat m. r 1.1 . a Tri 'lda could
h d h
arcophaaus rom I<lgl '
I e depiction of mummified decease on t e so
serve as confi nnal1on of this assumption.
101
GLOI'ES, S,INDALS AND BREASTPLA TES
The ...0 called gloves and sandals have been disco\'cred III Trebcnista cemetery
in additIon to an e'qulslte speC linen of breastplate. The) are followed hy depictIOn
of Gorgone. lions 111 heraldic sequence executed in the technique of hammering. 111
decoration of ;til the gold appliques discovered III number III the "fchaic cemeteries
in Trebenista. Sindos. cle. (Fig!:!. 70-72)
OTHER APPLIQUES
In the group of breastplates we have included the rhombOId plaques. They
are represented 111 considerable number m the Sindos burials. One specImen
from ReCica. nOI a slllgle pIece has been discovered in Trebenista. The
central part IS usually decorated with big rosette. surrounded by symmetrical floral
ornaments.
The depiction on a gold plaque appears to be rather SIgnificant (Fig. 76). In
heraldic sequence. it renders a roselle. lion and lioness. as well as figures of boar.
Dying bird. duck and pointed circles with a central dol. All the symbol!-'. are typical
for the Paeonian territory. part icularly the symbols of the Sun.
TWO-WHEELED CA RT
Milliature bron7e or Iron two wheeled carts have been found in seyeral buria\<.
of the Sindos cemetery (Fig Their wheels arc especially Inleresling for u:-.
showing three bars, two of which are parallel to each other and do not go through the
center of the wheel, and the thIrd is transversal. This strange form of wheels IS
frequently rendered on the coins of Derrones and Laeael bearing deplclion of
wheeled carts (Fig. 81).
BRONZE RINGS
Bronze rings, usually in pairs. have been fOllnd in several graves in
(Figs. 8587). They arc cm in diameter. Three pellets arc soldered on them. each
bearing three additional pellets, The interest of scholars was attracted by the purpo'lc
of these artifacts. which seems to have remained unclear till the present day. though
they arc interpreted as horse reins by some scholars. It seems to me that
pendants arc in question. bearing simplified depiction of poppy. Artifacts of this
kind have also been found at other sites in Chalcidice. now In the collection of
Stathatos. The specImens found III Koeani point oulthat these mystenOlls object:-
are confined to the Paeonian territory. The analogies with Scythian and Thracii.ln
specImens mdicated by Filow belong to considerably later burials.
102
CULT SYMBOLS
SOLAR 5 1'MBOI.S
AI;, a solar symbol. thc rosette has to a greate\t ext be .
d
.' em en apphed In the
d
coratlon of gol and sll\'cr rhombOid plaques and olh k d .
e' d G d If' cr In sofapphquc\_
br
eastplates,ban S,C\C. fcal ea 0 thcJewellery particular1)th f
. f h Th" -' eone romSmdo'i
bears the mark 0 t e sun. e rosette IS embodIed in the com "f .
h I h d
' poSitIOn 0 earnngs
bracelets and pms wit comca ea s (FIgs. 26.45.49). .
. 0'.1 the Sindos (Fig. 76), the Sun is presented
In a slInphficd form, as a small raised CIrcle with a dot, though ducb, j.e .. wUlerfo\\ Is
the symbolism of which IS also associated with the Sun, are depicted as well. .,
It is known that Paeonians worshipped the Sun. Accordmg to MaxlITIu,> from
Tyre. they have shown It as a disc attached to a long wooden pole. The cult to the
Sun. by which Paconians seem to have differed from the other south Balkan people .. ,
has also been confmned by archaeological finds.
In the beglllnings of coinage within Paeonian tribe,>. the SUIl ha'l been given
a promlllcnt place among depictions 011 the coins. In addlllon 10 Ihe large realistic
depiction of the Sun as radiate circle shown on the decadrachms of Derrone ...
SImplified form is frcquently found on the coins of lower value ... , representmg a
circle with central raised dot. identical with the hieroglyph mark of the EgyptIan god
Ra. It is depicted as ornament on the gold foil plaques and bands in the Smdos
burials.
It would not be surpriSing if the cult to the Sun IS associated wuh Egypt
from the tIme of Echnaton. when. at least for a shon time. the Sun was proclaimed
the only god _ Aton. as a source of everything living and vegetating on the eanh.
Some other phenomena point to this assumption. The cult to Apollo. as a god of light
was transferred from Crete to Asia Mrnor.1t is also known that Lycltl was the center
of this cult. Staters have been struck in Lycia. bearing dep,ction of tnskelion. whIch
. . . f I S Th t k Ion has been depicted on the
IS Interpreted as symbol rotatIon 0 t le un. e IS e I ,.
reverse of the decadrachms of Derrones
BOAR
. I . the hfe of PilC011l;]ns.
It seems that the boar played nuportant ro C In d h .. ,
'. .. . 'd (Fio, 76) accompalllc ).
depIctIon IS rendered on the gold plaque from Sm. as Id on the helmet
I
.' f b ar IS apphe III go
IOn In a heraldic composition. Deplcl1on.o o .be'
from Grave VIII in Trcbenista. The sole figure of boar has b,n
l

c
and connotatIon,
. . 1 '. 'sible that Its sym 01
some bunals of the Sl1ldos cemetery. tIS pos . Be In the
I d
.. I Ie as the 6th centu1) .
1a theIr reneclions conslderabl) later. as a Th OO.,r ,< a stfonO al111llai
. . . . f P traus e ..,
depIctIon of boar on the reverse of the coms 0 a . . e on the craft .u1ifacts
I
t and lIS presenc
geographically related to the Balkan c Ima e,
and coinage could be IIlterpreted III that sense.
SNAKE
The cult symbol of the snake is applied to a considerable extent on the product...
of art craftsmen. II is most frequcntly scell on bracelets ending III a fOfm of rolled
snake (Figs.27-29), The lalcr fibulae of Asia fl.tmor type IIlcludc clemenI'.. of snake.
A hair p1ll from Trcbcnista ends Ul two symmetricall y SCI snake head ... with rolled
tails (Figs. 55.56), reminiscent to :lUfCallS, a royal symbol from the Egyptian 10mbs.
As IS the case with br.lcclcts III which the form snake has correspondingl)
been applied. the handles of bronze vessels from Trebcnisla also have the fOfm of
snake ending with a snake head (Fig. 91).
If we search for its origin, we have to turn to Egypt. particularly to Crete and
the renowned statues of Snake Goddess. It hal; widely been accepted that the snake
has a chtholllan character, as .an "nllllal livlIlg under ground and iii thu ... as<.,ociated
with the cult of the dead. Commenting on the Clilt of the snake adorned on Crcte, Sir
Leonard Woolley liuggcsted an intl:rpretation of the snake as guardian of the home
fireplace, and it should consequently be conceived ali protector of the livlIlg people.
UON
The lion is a frequent depiction on Ihe grave goods from our cemeteries. It is
shown as gold appliques on the helmet from Grave VIII in Trebeniste (Fig. 4), on
the gold plaques from Sindos (Fig. 76), where he is accompanied by a boar. and on
a breastplate from Grave VII in Trebenista (Fig. 72). We also know of a bronze
applique discovered in Macedonia, now in Berlin, dated 10 the first half of the 61h
century. The same depiction is rendered on a gold applique from grave VI in
Trebenista.
Although the lion is not distinctive for Paeonian lands (I-Ierodotu ... informs
that the Persian army lead by Xerxes was attacked by lions), it has found its place in
the decoration of locally produced artifacts.
/JULL
The bull takes particularly important place in the lifc of Paeonians. Its
depiction is most frequently seen on the coins. A series of coins, which was attributed
by Svoronos to Derrones and their rulers. bears on the obverse depiction of I-neellng
bull with the head turned back. As depiction with certain symbolic connot:ltion. thc
bull is rcndered on the reverse of a coin of (Fig. 16), this timc in a pose of
attack. The reverse of the coins of Dokimos also bears depiction of kneeling bull
with the head turned back (Fig. 15). A young bull in a sId I standing position IS
depicted on the diobol ofTEYTAO(E) (Fig. 92). The depiction of bull on the earliest
issues of the Stobi mint is not accidental at all. (Fig. 93). Although there is a wide
chronological gap. the depiction of bull should be conceived as tradition preserved
from the archaic period.
According 10 B. Gavela, a kind of coins bearing a depiction of bull head w:t"
in usc on Crete. It s presence on the coins is explained with its use as standard of
104
value. The bull on the Paeolllan eOITlIi certainly ..
sec,,!,> ror IIle "
Thi S might be the rea ...on why the bull is not "0 f \,lllIC Inlerpretation
, "rcquent depI t
from the archaic cemetcnes Ihal are sublects of 0 ' c Ion on the
J. ur research II h be
P
lastic decoratl\e element on the neck of the Trcbc k' a\ en applied a..,
' Oista 'rathcr n 'S .
9-0. The bull was highly re:..pectcd animal In Cret . 1Il ofla. (Fig.
. C e. accordlllg to th
depictions In the retan art. The question concerning Itsc ' ,e numerou,
Apis i ...... till to be elucidated. . onnectlOn wlIh the Egyptian
I'OPP)'
A stylized poppy-head is frequent decorati\-eeleme t I'd
. , , '. ' n app Ie on the Jl'wellery
(Flg.93). lthas . I h Ix> ..
.. Jluae.te wo!whlCh
]s decorated with three or five poppy-head!'>. The pin" of Peloponncse type bear
calyxes 111 a row below the flat head (Figs. 44.47). poppy
The use of poppy as sedat ive ju!-.tifies its OCcurrence '1111011g til' I
.' . . . , I; grave gOQe ".
tak.mg I.nto consideration the belle.f that the dcceased are only lemporanly.
ThiS opinion. sugge:..tcd by Chari Picard. originated from research ofthc Diadem
from Vi:,,::. which ha:.. shown close Imks with the MacedonianJc\\-ellery. Picard came
to a conclusion thai the pellets in the ends are actually stylized poppy-heads. lie also
finds an analogy in the Goddess from Ga7i near Knossos, who wears a diadem formed
of three poppy calyxe!-. (Fig. 9-n.
Apart from the jewellery, the !-.tyhzed poppy calyx IS III a mdimenlary form
rendered on handles of the bronze vessels, particularly of the Trcbcnisla one ... (Fig.
95).
The depiction of poppy calyx has been abandoned 11l the Early ClaSSIcal
Period, having been transformed into a slar ornament. Nevertheless, 11 has been found
from Illllch earlier date, as early as the 7th ccntury Be as a cull object executed 111
bronze forming a poppy-head with a lid thaI end With bird proloms.
,
, ,
h I
'al material show., that a
Thi S short survey and commcnt on the arc aeo oglc
I
. . h A h ' Period which de\'cloped
cu ture was formed in the Paeomanterntory lilt e rc mc. ,
d
d I E
t Mediterranean The Idea"
till er thc st rong influcnce of thc Near East an I Ie as . I . I II
P
" as the)' reach Ilelr II
are not <lutochthonus though in the Balkan and aeoll1an arc . . "
d . . d h- hi .... e manlfest.ltlon.
cvelopment, showing perfection of technique an Ig ye,x . . r:b I the cult
Th' '. . . h the ASia MlIlor 11 u ae,
IS IS espeCially true for the (JoldSlmths tec nlque, h. I. d th r PC'II- 111
of h ::> f henomena t ,It 1.1 el '
t e snake. poppy-heads and a whole range 0 P .. 1- nllcel)' ora .... es
g
old d . I . on tint the aleas 0 P e>
e<lth masks. If we agree with tIe OPIll] , . I onnecllOn WIth
bel h t"onofwhatls
tlCC
onged to Paeonians, we have to pose t e ques I n e<; that penetrated III the
Egypt, Crete and Asia Minor. and what are those 111 uenc ,
In .' II fe of
OSt delicate sphere of human life, the spmtu
il
I
10;
HISTORIC BAG'GROUND AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
Till' researches carried out so fardra\\ our attention to the role played hy the
.,];md of erell:::. SlIunted In the center of the !\lcdllerranean Sea, Crete was 111 a
position [0 mallltain 1Illcnse contacts with developed civilizations, thus playing the
of intermediary 111 transfer of cultural acillc\'cmcnls.
It has been accepted tllal the Neolithic population of Crete ongmJled frOIll
ASIa '111101'. At the turn of the 3rd millennium BC. during the struggles of dynasties
III Egypt under Menes, a part of the population left the Delta of Nile and settled
Crete. thus introducing the first Impulses that would bring about creation of ci vitiZJtlon
distinctive In Its own way.
The tradition conccrn1l1g the migration of Cretans to Analolia is aSSOCiated
with the Bronze Age. According to it, Tcucro and his father left Cretc and
ITIlgrmcd to Anatolia. Tcucro would later become founder of the Troyan royal family.
Sarpedon and his followers also migrated from Crete to the area of Lycia after
had taken over the Island. The rcsearches on Cha1cidice have shown that the Bronzc
Age settlements comprise pottery that corresponds to the one from Troy I, whIch
leads to a conclUSIOn that migration of popUlation from Anatolia occurred III the
Early Bronle Age. Lycia is the center of the cult to Apollo and Apollo is leading
deity within Paeonians.
The following wave of seltlers from Anatolia, i.e., Troy, is connected wllh
the campaign of MIdas and Teucrians, who passed Bosphorus, conquered the
Thracians and reached the Ionian Sea, according to Herodotus. Pigrct and Mastias
declared in presence of Darius that they were Paeonians, their homeland was ncar
the Strymon river and they descended from thc Troyan Teucrians.
According to Strabo the Egyptian Pharaohs and Psametdl conquercd
Thrace in one campaign and set along the roads slOnes with their names inscribed
on. ThiS detail would not be of special importance if we did not know that the Egypti;1Il
influcnces and clements had been confirmcd in the Balkans.
About the connections of the Balkan south with Asia Minor thcrc are some
other data confirl11l1lg the migrations that occurred in both ways. This is supportcd
by relations Bryges-Phrygians, Paeonians-Mcones and Dardanii-Dardania. Thc
relation of Meonia and Paeoma has already becn pointcd out long time ago.
An opinion has been suggeslCd that Mcones arc actually Paeolll:lns fu'lcu
with Phrygians, which is confirmed with the notion that the nicknamc of the la'l\
king of the Meonian dynasty of Heraclides Kandaules. could be compared to
the god of war withlll CreslOnians. Taklllg into consideration that CrcslOllIa was for
some time under the Paeonian rule, Tomaschek infers that Kundaon is a Paconian
god. On the other hand. the first king of the Mconian dynasty of Herachdes \\as,
according HerOdotus, Agron. Agron is the name of one Ulyrian king. KacarQ\ ha ....
noticed the SImilarity of Agron with Paeonian Agriancs, whereas the anccstors 01
Agron. Nin and Bel bear, according to Eduard Mayer, Semitic name ... It should be
106
'Idded that thc mcdiacval Agarcnes I c Ag',r" . h
. . . ' .. ncs, w O'Jr' ' , 1
',ncicnt Agnancs, descend from Agara the ",.,,',1 f Ab C to hc the
< 0 . rah'lm' 'f
of Egypltan origlll The name born bv I. s e Sarra. Who Wit ..
J a ,lIcr Agnannn I
Scmll lC onc. ru er Is also :\
In the tradItion Meon (Peon) is mel11ioncd ' . L
.. .\S "lIlg of Phrygi' . . 1 L .
J\ligdon w .. .., also a klllg of Phryglalls, whcrcas "-1)'gd . . .1 anu ),ula.
onla an area on Ch I ' , 1
The mythOlogical uncestor of the Phrygian royal hou' '. A . a Clulce.
. se IS 1\ luas Who had g' d
thc foot of Benmon. -, .If en\ ill
Thc connections of Crete with south Balkan':. wh'ch
. .. . , I \\.-ere maintained through
Asia MInor as Intermediary, should be considercd as a Com be'
. . ". ponent to percelvcd 111
the cultural and splfllllalmall1festallons. Nevertheless no dal h ' be
. . a a\ e en preserved
aboutthc direct contacts between Crete and the later Macedonia.
A migration of Cretans IS considered 10 have Occurrc" 'flc II d .
. u.. r lC e"tructlon
of Knossos. It happened at somc POInI after 1400 BC when II suffered from a fire
caused presumably by thc Illlpact of 111 the island. According to Straho.'l
group of Crctans lcad by Botton settled Emathia. This area would later beilr Ihe
name Boeotia. We could assume that thiS was not a migration of mlllor scope,
othcrwise 1\ would nOl have been mentioned III the Konnon also mforms
about settling of Cretans in Macedonia. In thi" case. they arrived from Italy. where
MIIlOS was killed after the unsuccessful campmgn and his Crelam had a shipwrcd:
The attempts for designating the preclsc chronology of the two events could
not be considcred successful yet. Firstly, it is not clear whether one or two
arc m question. If we adhcre to the legend, MlIlos' campaign in Italy in search of
Dcdal us and his demh should be associated with the fall of Knossos. It Indicates that
.a group of Crctans lcad by BoHon settled the Balkans, whereas another group left for
It aly. Considerably latcr these Italian Cretans bearing the name Japlgcs would setlle
Macedonia. If this is so, than the migration of "Italian" Cretans would occur 111;111
area mhabited by their own people, I;lInilarly to the case?f Teueria.ns,
who settled in an area ncar thclr people onglllatlllg from Troy. There IS an opllllon.
that the migration of Cretans from Italy should be associated \\ Ith colOIHZ:ltlon ot
the Mediterranean, and the ncnt is, consequently, dated to the 8th. i.e., 7th century
BC,
, , . G' , d E ropus we sOllle other
In additIOn to Etdornene, ortYllla an U .
. d C Thc Knossos clay tablets n:ad
toponoms 111 the territory of Pacollla rclate to rete. . . .., ' I
'I' B t"ng The fonnerls assl"IC1.lle(
the words PAl and STABAIA. mscribcd III mear wn I . '" r
, . f S b '\ IOwn at the conllucncc 0
wllh PalOnes.Thc latcr presumably rc ers to 10 OJ . ' I be b ou"ht IIlIO
Erigon and Axios. Mcssapos, the nvcr on Crete. ccrtalhn) b ff"r
lO
h\cd. It
. . p. onn where leu ,
conncction with Mcssapioll, the 1ll011l1tall1 In ae . 11th of them.
I Id
. 0 govo mountall1 or Will )0
S lOU be identified with Malesevo or .,0 h '. 10'>' paralkls wllh
Th . f . f G ' . by the Vardar sows c . e
e .1 ore-mentIOned town 0 Ortllll.1 I 'd to the over In
Go' "f l ' C th'\! call be re ate
llyn. lcrc IS a town Axos on rl;; C . f I '(1 lificant rclauons thai
P . . fll'm'\110n 0 tiC SI_1
aCOllla.These IOpolloms are certain con '. . ':" anSln" from these
the Pacoman areas maintained with Crete. A logical qucslIOn . eo
107
faclS would be whether the 8alJ...i\n toponym ... werc to Crete or It the
other \\';1) around.
Thc mount,un the :lrca of residence of the Paeonian bulL,lln
located to the north of geographic 1\ ba\ed on the
I1lfornmllon that this the mountain that divided Paeoll1ans from Maidcl. R. Klcpcrt
identified Messapion \\-'ith thc Malcsevo mount.un and Zvigor. an opinion that
to be acceptable, The location of i\lessapion is. accordingly, rather far frolll the Aegean
coa'it which excludes the possibility that the topOnolll Introduced by the BOUon's
Crelans. It l'i c,"en les'i probable that 1\ was done by "italian" as we called
them. The two IIllIlllgrat 111\ of Cretalls could not have been so big a\ to occupy major
part of the Paionnian lands and to reach thaI far to thc north where MessapiOIl is
localed. This toponoEn seems to have been llllroduced wllh the first illlllligrations of
Cretan-Anatolian population or Teucrians III the Bronze Age.
The presented arguments concernmg Messapion should also refer to StObL
We should bear in lllmd the fact thaI roponoms could be transferred only by settler\.
unliJ...e the Imporled object\, which can, easily moveable goods, appear al Ccrtalll
areas regardless of the ethlllc affilwtion of the population. The name of SlobOl, mu\t
have, accordlllgly. been mlroduced by the BronLe Age from Minor.
In regard 10 the Axios nver, we have to lOfer that this hydronom is also of
rather early date. Thi.) nver was known 10 Ilomer under the same name. Amydon
thc. fatherland of Pirechmes, was located on the Axios. The genealogical connection
A,lcropaclis-Pelegon-Axios also suggests that the name of the river is of rather earlier
dale (han the Troyan war.
A remarkable find. which IS considered to have becn broughtlllto European
by Botton's Crelans, the double-axe that exi .... ted In for
centuries. III a form of bronze pendant. II has been discovered in burials at Dimo\
Grob ( 13th-121h century BC). The Verglna specimens of three joined double-axe"
are dated to the 10th-9th century. The central grave at Visoi includes an Interesting
piece dated 10 c.llOO. The three pendallls shaping double-axe from Grave 16 at
VisOi are dated to the end of Iron Age I and the beginning of Iron Age II. Three
specimens from a burial under barrow in Vojnik ncar KUl11anovo arc dated to about
the same lime.
Appearance of bronze pins with vertically grooved egg-shaped head i ...
distinctive for our territorie .... It has been stated that these pim, arc of Iranian ongm
and the speclInens from Urarty are datecl to the 8th century. Thi" kll1d of Plll\
discovered in Fortuna-(tlp are to be of slightly earlier date.
After the waves of Aegean migration. when a period of stabilllation
nourishing of material and spiritual culture was apparent. Although the rese,lrchcs
of settlements in Paeonia have resulted in Obtaining rather scanty data on this period,
the excavat ions of necropolises have shown that it wa!> a time of lIltelm! nse. Most
of the data have been obtallled 111 the carried out in the Lowcr Vurdar
Valley. Numerous grave goods havc been discovered in the gra\'cs, mcludlng
pottery, jewellery and various cult artifac!\. Apart from the extremely coarse pOllery
lOR
found in the layers of lel1t. all the other Ill' I . I
0
, a ena has been d
for funerary purposes. I particular IIltcrest for u. h ma e
I I 1
' 1 S I'> t e presence i
form of bird an< otler so 3r symbols, the ones sh - . 0 pendants 111 J
bl d
I ' .. aplllg a stylil'ed
well as the dOll c an trip dllabm, clements wnh C -, POppy-head,
b P
, rctan \\ h h I
;\chieved the attn utc ae01lan. ThiS multiple proSperit wo -,' _ Ie a rCJdy
ill the .,0 called pnncely bu i:lis. y uld later ha\-c Its peak
Mediterraneall mnuenccs exerted 10 p .
. aconlan termone Id h
followed throughout the CI sSlcal and Hellenistic Peflod Th' cou e
be conceIved as rooted tradition 011 one hand and 'scon . cse phenomena should
, , scquence of cont - 'I
wllh Ihe areas of onglll, on the other. The Ia.,t Ob<;'rval h 1I1ua COnt;let,
t: Ion a\ come out fro .
whole range of phenomen fhat were in the Course of tlln b- .. m.1
. f . 'e su 1'Ctto modIfication
and transformation a old It cas and malllfestalions.
The clll.t to theSun which was extenSively worshipped Within III
the archaJc penod, has alre. dy been referred to in the stud) Accord '1
. '_ _ " lllg 10,
trom Tyre 11 was shown a diSC allached 10 a long wooden pol Th d
'1 e. IS eplction
represenung the the Sun was presumably carried in certain proccsl,ions
and fe ... ti\'lIies dedicated to It.
. evi ence concerning this IIlfOrmatlon has been prescrvcd on
the COIllS, which bear depi :tlOli of the Sun deSigned clther a, a circlc Wllh radi,lIc
rays. or <I:' a small circle a raised central dol. The later '>ll11phfied of the
Sun is actually a hieroglyph of the Egypllan God Ra. ThiS schcm;ltized depiction of
the Sun would later transform into depiction of Apollo, according to which "ollle
researchers infer that the solar within Paeonlans actually coneealthe functIon
of tIllS deity. The head of Apollo appearlllg in Ihe \tyle of the Greek art can
be seen on the coins by the Chalcidian League at the end of the 5th century.
which wou ld later be transl'erred on thc Damastlon I ... as well as on thc ot
l'\icarchlls, Snllonos and thd Paeonian mlers LykkelUs. P:nraos and Audoleont. Tilklllg
111\0 cOIl!'iideratlon the dep Won of Apollo in interpreIJtio graeca. it '>cern, that he
had become an official Pa Ol1lall deity.
The Phrygian go dess Cybele was transferred to MacedonianPacolllan
in the early dcc<.des of the Classical Period. The cult to tIm goddess has
been confirmed III OIYllIhus by discovcry of molds for tcrra-COlla figurine.. from Ihe
end of the 5th century. III this Chalcidian area the of Cybelc e\pandcd
along the Vardar Valley. It has also been confinned at l,ar-Maf\'lllei by hcrdeplcllon
on several marble statue, frolll thc 4th century, \\herea." the cvidence from Ihe.
H
.. f II renectlon 01
ellenlSllc Penod includc, local production a terra-CO a Ie> ,. . I'
the AIlIC lIlnuence in lilLS Bitrakova-Grozdano\J that figure., of C) be
have been created under th l inOl;ence of Athens, Ihedepietion ofCybelc Plrgoptl('lr(l'
. b ociated With Asia i\ l lIlor.
on terra-cotta figurines fro , Debrestc havlIIg cell . .
, ,.' ,It seems a' If bUilders tlJd
1 he tomb from Bliazda IS rathcr mdlcatl\ e., r d Ian of their bal,c
been inspired by the tomb. of the Egyptian and app I'd' .I
P
be ascribed to
E
. 'nfluenee shou .1 sO .
III com>truC\lon of this structure. The gyptWIl I h They had atrcad,
II f n
ofbowont elOp, .
1e rectangular slone bloc endmg III a rOJ
109
been dl"locatcd when they were dl"covered and their usc IS, consequently, stdlunelear
In the EgyptIan shnnes, monumenb of this form have been erected bearing
Inscriptions. formulae and ritual scenes.
The Bralda monuments are of the same form. although they bear neither
insenption. nor human figures. The only decoration is thc flat framc around the field
c\ecuted in bilrbotllle. a technique also applied in the construction of the tomb. The
further excu\ ation 'mght show \...-hether the six monuments frolll Brazda were
tombstones or had some oiller function.
Connections with A<.,L:\ Minor arc also apparent III tombstones. Although tht!
finds from the Republic of J\lacedoma dated to this period arc nOt so nUlllerous. theIr
close as<.,ociatlons with the A<.,iu Minor specimens from the Hellemstic Period arc
apparent. Certain clements of some monuments from the end of the 4th century BC
point to Alexandrian mflucnce.
FINAL CONSIDERATION
The big migration<., that occurred in the Balkans after the fall of the Neolithic
world brought about crucial changes, both in social relations. and 111 the popUlation
structure of the newly conquered lands. Settlements that appeared In the Early Bronze
Age ha\"c been confirmed in the territory of Republic of Macedolll:'l. In the north.
traces have been preserved at Gradiste-Pelince ncar Kumanovo. \ .... hcrea ...
111 the south. in Pclagonia. a particularly important role was played by the !>,eulemenl
Radoborska Tumba.1t has been concluded that no big changes occurred in the Centml
Balkan throughout the Bronze Age and there was certain ethnic and cultur:lI cOlltilllllty
in this area. If we agree that selliers from Troy inhabited the central Bulkans a ...
population that would later develop into Paeonian ethnic group. than we could
conclude that Paeonians comprise the basic ethnic element in these area ... In the
Bronze Age. Towards the end of the Brollze Age, i.e., in the transition to Iron Age.
big changes also occurred, caused by the Aegean migration and sCllling of populallon
distinctive for burial-urns which are associated with knobbed and fluted poltery.
Cemeteries of this kind have been confirmed near Pirot. <ltthe site of Gorna Strazava
near Prokuplje, Donja Brnjica ncar Pr istina. Karagac ncar Kosovska Milrovica and
Hlpodrom near Skopje. It seems that their impact towards the south W<lS through
west Macedonia. where burials in urns have been confirmed. The central Paeonian
area seems to have stayed aside the impact of the carriers of cremation.
At the same time. considerable influence from the south ha<., heen manIfested
111 Mycenaean Import, Including mostly pottery and weapons. The Mycenaean !>,word,
have reached as far a ... Prilep. Tetovo and 19larevo in Kosovo. Mycenaean pOIICI")
has been discovered in Gevgelija, Veles, Skopje and at sites in Kosovo. A Mycenaean
helmet made of boar teeth has been found at Hipodrom.
These influences were about to continue throughout the advanced Iron Agc
in the Paeonian land .... where IIlhumation in cist grave !>,tructures would prcvail In
110
dd
t,on to thc simple burial in pih. Their m'\s',ve .
a I < . ' use IS pan I
V
dar Valley. At the same tllne. burials under tu '1' leu arly apparcnI LO thc
ar . mu I appeared .
Id
Indo-European bunal practIce. They have be as an unpact of the
a < en confirmed
the Vardar Valley and Pdagoma. In e<L...t MacedonIa,
The Paeonian - Agrianian territory could co .
. nsequently be dli
g
ion of the impact, Interlacement i.lIld mutual exist f' I enll Icd as macro
rc, ence 0 cultural Inn f
.outh and north. whIch have emerged as dominant . _ uenec ... rom
.... In cerlam SOCIal CI ' ,
'md III certam periods. One of these stages is the IInpaCl f h C
, I lOt e retan-Asla
influences parucu ar y apparent 111 the second half of th 6 h . lIlor
k I h
e t centur} Be The '
mnuences go bac . as car y as t e Bronze Age. Miorations th t , ' ,
. M' ::. a occurred III relation
of Egypt - Crete - ASIa Illor (AnatoiLa) - Balkans brought abo h b ..
Id I I
'. U\ t C <ISIS for further
contacts that wou lave tlelr peak III the princely bunals.
The scholars have posed the question of the ethnic affiliatio f I I
'. . ' no t1C popu atlon
whose bUrials have been d,scovercd at the cemetery near Treben,'s't . I I
. .., . a ,II tlC ... Llc 0
Suva Cesma. On the other ha,?d, Trbcmsta analogies for grave good ... have always
been pointed 10 whcll publLshmg the burials from the Archaic PefLod. i"
thc publication of the Sindos find ... In Ihe Catalogue of the
Sindos exhlbLllon. ThiS CIrcumstance allows us to conclude that alllhe arch'l1c
cemeteries in question - Trcbcnista. ReCica and the ones 111 Pelagonia. Lower Vardar
Valley and Chalcidice - belong to one and the same populatIOn.
An opinion has been suggested in the scientific literature that the Trehenista
cemetery and everythmg contained in it belong to Encheleae. ThLS opll1ion. which
has not ocen supported by any material evidence. should a prion be rejected. Enchelcac
arc mysterious people scantLly confirmed 111 histonc aspect and placed \\1Ihll1
II1defilllte chronological borders. If they are in some way confirmed mthe Ohrid
region. they could not be expected in Pelagoma and Lower Vardar Valley. particularl)
not at Sindos, i.e .. in terntories that have never belonged to Encheleac, Apan from
the legend of Cadmus as founder of Lychnidus and the mformatlon on Enehclanc
taken by Philip V, no other wrillen record on Encheleae has been preser\'cd, The data
found at Srabo do not show explicitly which Encheleac they refer to. whether the
Ohrid Enchelcae, or the ones settling the area around the Seodra Lake.
The ..l1tempt of identifying the Encheleae with MacedollwllS IS nol a
. . f I b - the lasl dee3des of the 6th
s311sfactory solution. 100. In the tlllleo pnnce Y tom Sill . '.,.
d h
. 'IOries of Ohnd-Strug,l
century BC, Macedonians have not yet conquerc t e ielTi .
region. Pelagonia and Lower Vardar Valley.
I
d d some
Among the scholars that have recent Y consl ere '. \V-thout pretencc
f h T nnlts was LJ Kono\,I. I
rom t e d,<.,covery of the r emsta necrol __ -' . I_ I) 10 certain
f
. . . stinO parucu ar
o ... olvmg them . .she points to certaIn lIlter
e
::o '. h 'man ... on the
. ' - at the same Ulne t e Opl
connections wllh Crete and AnatoltJ. reJcctJlle - h ed,t
.. h Idbe0L\'ent eer
cemetery beionglllg to Illyrians. VI. POpoVIC S au 0 from Egypt argumg
th I I d pmtual phenomena .
c ro e of Crete in transfer of cuhura an s t partIcularly III the
d
'1 dOllian componen .
strongly against the Illynan an I' ace
appearance of gold death ma ... j.;..,.
III
In Europt.' gold and c!cctrullllll<lsl..s have lilsco\'crcd at Mycenae 111 Ihe
shaft grave ... of Grave Cm::le A. Sehlutlan has associated the III with and
the Illcll1bl.'r ... of hiS family. 1\lore preCl.se datlllg has been suggested thcreafter,
e ... peCl<ll1) \\Ith the discover) of annlogous bunals in Gra\'c B. from
the end of the 17th to the end of the 16th century. The ethniC 01 the deceased
has Jrl'ien a lot of III the science. Milonas has argued III 01 Greek.
"pe'll..lIlg Indo-European .... Whatever reason he had suggc"'lIng II. thiS
can not be conllnned or acceptcd. If Achaeans arc 10 question, I.e .. the Ilrl,l Greek
settler ... of Peloponnese. the practice of laylllg gold mal,ks on face<.; of deceased
dignitaries would ha\'c becn continucd later. particularly If we t<lkc mto conl,idcration
the fact that Mycenae and the Achaeans reached the peak of their de\,clopment Illueh
later. when Mycenae had expanded and the Mycenaean culture left :'-Ignificant tr<llls
in the Aegean region in the Late Bronze Age. Blil. no gold masks have been prescncd
from that t1ll1C. Neither have they becn found in Tyrins. Pile and Asinc. The opillion
by A. Evans seems 10 be closest 10 the truth. There is no doubt that
Mycenaean dignitaries have been buried in the king's tombs, though. accorcilllg to
E\',lIls and Pendelhery. the "rulers from the Mycenaean palaces arc Cretan princes to
have 11l0\'ed at the Greek land and conquered new territories". Thi ... j<.; the real,on for
their buildlllg ...olid defense ramparts and immense wulls for protection from the
pyrite.s. and also fr01111he autochthon us population, who considered the Mycenaean
masters. slave-owners and klllgs strange and hostile.
As has been shown in the study. numerous manifeSlations in material and
splfltual culture confirmed in our necropolises have been associated with Eg) pt and
Crete. We abo know of migration of Cretans and Cretan names of places III the
Paeonian terntones Could we. accordingly. ascribe the princely tombs frolll
Trebenista to the Cretans? The problem could not bc solved that easily. Despile Ihe
apparent ofCrelan population in these territories, not <l slIlgle Cret<lll town
h<ls been mentioned in the ancienl sourccs, neither has been preserved any allusion
of Cret<lns as rulers of certain regions.
The queslIon "Who is buried in the Trebenista cemetery" posed at the
beginning of this study is extended to the other archaic cemetries ill the Ohrid rcgion.
Pelagonia, Lower Vardar Valley and ChaJcidice. This is justified with the apparent
similarity of grave goods and the numerous identical or simil ar phenomcna in the
spiritual life of the populations settling these areas. Absence of manifestations of
this kind in regions that are known with certainty to have belonged to other ethnic
groups allows us to infer that these areas were settled by one and the same population.
which. wc believe, :.-hould be identified with Paeonian people.
As a conclusion from this research. 1 should summarize the arguments 111
favour of the thesis on Paeonian attribution of the archaic princely burials.
- The grave goods in the wealthy princely burials in Trcbenista. Berancl.
Smdos and the other contemporary archaic cemeteries in Pelagonia. Lower Varelar
Valley and Chalcidice have shown astonishing similarity. phcnomenon lead.s 10
112
, onciUslon that the bunals must belong to the same I,
.\ C . ' I d I' " popu allOn th'u 111" I h
level III ccrl<llll SOCia an po Hlcal This po ulatl ' . mdget Igh
dc'IS and altitude to the I,plfllual !tfe and manifested ,P on the same
I , . . Th . I S respect to the d' d
'1llccslOfS III the same way. e graves have yielded anlf. - _ ccease
.' I' acts convCYlng the
ult and symbo IC connotations, objects produced III the ' same
e ' rl h same even III th
same workshops. lese p enomena could not be Interpreted I.' _ _ e
, I I" I '. . mere y as la.,hlOn or
"price of the ru Ing c ass III I lelr stnvlng forpre!>tlge. They 'h Id ' h
c. d d ou rat crbcconcei\'cd
a
.... \ deeply roote allllU e towards the dead ancestors to wh h h
<. IC t e of the
h\1Ilg people must have been turned. '
- All the princel.y fit 1111.0 strict chronological frames of 540-500 Be.
It is a rather short which durlllg lIltense economic rise and for which
circumstances were equal III all the three reglOn& of Chalcidice Lower Y' d II II
. " . . ar ar a ey.
Pelagonw and thc Ohnd regIon. The cOinage of Laeaei and Derrones IS aSCribed to
IIlc same period, which shows that the most intense explanation of mineral resources
occurrcd at that time. kind .of r.ise was not.experienced lIlthe neighbonng 1Ilynan.
Thracian and MacedoJllJn terfl(ones at that time. The princely buriab from Atenica
and Novi Pazar are dated to the same period. yet the entIre inventory II, of different
kind. the funerary ritual showing that autocrat rulers are III question. kmd of
rise of the aristocracy occurred in Thrace a whole century thereafter. The bUrials
include wealth of grave goods with gold breastplates, although there are no gold
masks. Macedonian burials are of considerably later date.
- Fi vc gold masks have been discovered In the Smdos gravel, precisely dated
to 520-500 Be. It seems unlikely Ihat five rulers changed III the area of Ihe SlIldos
cemetery. two of which were women, in the span of20 years. ahhough It IS pos.,ible.
It seems that gold masks were laId on the faces. not only of the rulers. but aho of the
members of their families. We have the same impression concerning the Trebenist<l
mash. The four specimens. one of which is female. fit into the same chronological
framework as the Sindos ones and we could adduce the same conc1ul,ion. The r.,ame
could also refer to the Derriopian princess. This implies Ihat all the thrce regIons
, , ' h f I ber'of,hefamiIY\\lththcsJmc
practiced the same nlUal ofhurymg t cerna e mem" ,
honor and respect as the male ones. The women might also have been rulers,
_ Necropolises yielding this kind of objects point out that the populatIon the)
, 'f h I ng period of tllnc without
belonged to must have sett led tIllS regIOn or a rat er 0. . . I'
'" I d" gs and llligrations. In the cour<.;e 0
expenenclllg major turbulences, wars, pun c.;Tln . . . _ .
. . bl f onsiderable economIC mc.
time Clrculllstances havc become favoura e or c. f' 11 rgy 'md
, b ht about development 0 me au,
explOHation of mincral resources roug . TI P ,' ,an.Ch'llcidi:1O
, "I" achIevement lC acO! '
appearance of coinage as a 11Ighcst CIVI IzallOll . - II and coroplasts.
. . artisans toreuts. Jcwe ers.
tcrntory became center 01 excellent masters- . , . and an lOlport
T
became more
he relations with the Mediterranean art centers h former 7th century.
f
. . . s were the same lilt c
o exquIsite <lrt works started. ClrCUltlstanCe bl Ifare particularl) 10 the
Th
'd n t an en\la c we .
e necropOlises from this peno re cc
Yardar Valley.
113
These ;lrgUTlK'nts are sufficicTltto the three rcgions must have bcen sctlh:d hy
the ",;1111(, or related population that left In thc pnnccly burial ... a slgnlfic;mt
[rail ;md e\idence for theIr economIc fiSC. thus showIng afflllllics to matcrial wealth
different from the Hellemc ratIOnal and democratic spml. ii' well as their SPiritual
attitude t(mimi ... ilnd rehgion. Thl:se phenomcna comply wllh the hhtorlt data
on the ethillc affiliallon of the regions that could ani) be Pacolllall
The c'\[KlIlsion of lacedolllans after the end of the Gred:-Pcr'lan \\ .1]', \,>ould
put an end to this nourlshlllg. The Ohrid regi,?n and Derri,?pus would hecome pOorer,
which IS confirmcd b) the burials In Suva Cesma. Tri Ccljusti and Vrtul)ka. As 10
Pclagollla. we could hardly ascribe somc burial to the dccades mthe Illld-5th centur)
Be. The prospenty of the settlement belonging to thc Sindos cemetcry would, on the
contrary. continue throughout the Sih century. The gravcs Include luxurious andacts.
among which the Attic pottery IS prevailing, replacing thus the Connthian one. There
are glas", aribaloi, locally produced terra-callas of women. actors, goddesses seated
all throne III AttiC style, and wild boars, sOllle silvcr jewellery and.
occasionally. gold rhomboid plaques. Although burials have becomc poorer, the gra\'e
goods arc ortbe S<1me nature, but there are no gold Illusks and wealth of gold applIques
and luxurious Jcwellery. At tillS !trne. the area belonged to Macedonians, but Ihe
practice of buriul continued. which shows that the population was 110t expelled. The
absence of gold masb leads 10 a conclusion that the local Iribal rulers have losl thcir
status and the role they played up to that time.
The tribes located nOflbward would remain independent throughout the Sih
century. accordmg 10 the coins of the Pcaonian rulers Dokllnos. Baslarcs and TCUlIlOS.
It was still a period of local rulers at the treshald of the forllllllg of the Pae01ll<l1l
stale. which would play significant role in the south of the Balbns
J beile,'c Ihat m)' extensIve research on the question III the title of the
s[Udy deserves to be published. As an opinion that appears for the flr't tllTle in the
archacological sCience. I am afraid It might not be welcomed by the scholar,. The
old deeply rooted opinions are not easy to abandon. Nevcrtheless, I believe that the
further researchcs would provide evidence in favour of my thcsis,
114
6H6J1HOfPA<l>I1JA 11 KPATEHKM
A I - Archacologia [ougo\lavica. Beograd,
Andronikos. 1\ 1 .. I3fPY'l'Ct I, To l'f/,:pomrpclOv HIil'TV' IL. A"
) 1969.
- BEl fi N/\, ANArKA<llli 1987 To APXAIOAOrJKO EPr
8PAKII . I. J987.' O!TIIMAKEL\ONIAKAI
Amandr), "" Cllllc<:tion Hellene SI:uhalos I, Lcs biJoux al1liques, 195.1
..... P. AIII;lIIdry. op, l'Il
- CoHeclion Paul I3CH 95. 1971- P Amandr)'. BCH 95.
BCII -l3ulletHl de heIJenique. Paris.
Benae, A., PraisloriJil Jugoslavcnskih zemalja. Zeljezno doba, Knj, V. Sarajc\o 19H7.
IillTP3l.:o83 fP01.rUIII 0 1l 3. n., CllmleHlul1i Oil npeliCToplIOa! II aHTlI'IJ.;lllIcpno:t. O\PII;l.
Kfilira IIpaa, CKOIIJC 1985.
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UCP\I:UlODIlIi . A . 3mlTlIC "CallJlane" 113 Tpe6ellllUITa It IbllX080 CII\I60.1I1'UlOJIl<l'ICIl,C.
)f{t\ rOJI. VI. C8. 2. CKollle 1956.
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ll:lIIrou3. J .. TpalotflCKO Cenlllll'fe OT [xnn. "I'. H.C" nEPHIIK I. Cmtlltll 19:-:1
llll'IIII'On3, 1\ I Tp"" IllICKa MOrllJllla rp06111111a OT c. KaJlOl!HOBO. (J1I!BeIKJ.;1I oJ.;lnr.
113I3EC'TI151 A.M. ('m/)IIl! 1968.
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Gaebl cr. II .. Die Anllkcn 1\1 unlcn Nord Gricchcnland IMakedonia und Paionla. Bcrhn
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Garasanin, M .. slem iz Raianc. VESNIK Muzeja JNA 4. Beograd 19.'i7.
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I1CTO
PIICKII q'nTypll 80 '\laKe,10Hllp. U1T1t111971
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B kh
l'alVBron/JrJ(lliolla,
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R
_. IG' d dolla U MakedorJ(Jc.
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115
IClIMI)O\ IV
-!laCTal/a" 1\ 1I0pt!"JlO 11.'1lq);).IIJIIIPIIII AJlGallllll, lieorpaJl1lJHH.
ralle.1:J, I;., riPc!II<Uh.1 1\ JII,tlha 0 crapo\! Eam:aIlY. oeDl'pan 1978
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r eopn lcH, 3 .. E.le\ICIiTlI 113 paliaTa aliTlIK3 flO UO.lI10 noaap,13plC. 3EOPI1I1 K <IHI> lIil
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11 6
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, 11.. U. COKOIIOII CK:I , I"P0611llu.a so Gp .
"" . alL\a Kaj CKO
ARCHAEOL. II. C'Kollje 1990. nJe. MACED AnA
_ II t.:Olta 'I<I "pnJlOl IlpoII\fou. MACED. ACTA ARC
HAEOL. 11 (,,,
"
TpeDc":I. ,,Q .. KapaKTcp"CTII'II11. CPOp\1II lIa M" . o!Jjt 1990.
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no nOJIIlllaT3 /la Bap,1ap. MACED. ACTA ARCHAEOI polOW O.l1l30ra.1JlIllTara
, ., . 9. CKOIJ)e
_ A BrnJle;! Iypc Necropolis near SkOPJe. STARlNAR K
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Beo},!t"au 'I .
E.. Ba\larl!us, dyna:.t de PCOIIIC. BCH 1881
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. .. . . . A CHAEOL 12. ('I(OlljC 1991
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. . 1I11Y.\1 nre;:! II c,
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. .
- Is I Lake BUlkovo and Dysoron Mount CT.\ ARCHAEOL
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- 3JOllCKOTO IIneMC ArpllJal1ll It apcKIiTe co .
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)KA - )KIIBa aHTIIKa, CKonje.
118
HJIYCTPAaHH
KAPTH
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
CmlCOK 113 IIJlYCTP
3
11'III
Index of illustrations
c., 1-.1 &po"1CIlK IIl.leM081!. Tpe6eIllIUJTa (Filow).
\.)
helmets.. Trcben;sla (Fill,,,,,).
C14
6POlrJCIL IllnCM. Tpe6emuuTa 1931)
Fig. 4
8roll.lc helmet. 193\).
c.,
,
6po"1CII UI.1CM. Ae.,aroxAa
Fig. 5
STOrlle helmet. Delagoida
(J; IlTpaJ(o aa - r POlAUU083),
(6uTpaJ(08a. r polAaHoea).
e,

&polllCII IllJle\!. PC'Hula
Fig. 6
Bronze helmet. Rctica (Lahto\').
(".,. 7
EpoOlOCII MeM.6YKpli
Fig 7
Bronze helmet. Buhi (Mikuli'iC. Pclagonlp)
(M,kulci 9 Pclagonlja)
c.,
,
EPOItlCH I JlCM. CIIIIIIOC (Smdosj.
Fig. 8
BrOlUc helmet, (Siodos).
e, 9
bpOltJCII ll!lCM. XallI0!/lIlK (Amandry). Fig 9
BrOllle helmet, Chalkldike (Am;llldryl.
e, \0
OPO""" 1"'" e""", rp""I'
Fig. 10
Bronle helmet, North Greece
(Amand nCi-I).
(Amandl)' BeHI.
e, II 6poincIl I )nCM. MUKpa Kapa6ypyu (Ray). Fig. II Bronze helmet. Micra KarabUT111l (RJy).
C, J2
5POlDCU Xaruoc napacKcHllc Fig.
"
Bronze helmet. Hagios
)
c., L1
MoneT3 HI JlCpOlUI (Svoronos) Fig. L1 Coin of Cerrones (Svorollos).
C,
"
Monen najau (S\'oronos). Fig J4 Coin of Laeaei (Svorollos)
Cl.
"
MoneTa H 1l000mMoc. KapaopMau rig. 15 Coin of DokllTIos. Karaorman
(MII).;Y11'1II1I. ApxuJcKe 1Ic).;pono:1c). (MI1).;YJl'IHIl. Apxajc).;e llei.Cpono.1c).
C, J6 \10IleT3 H8 5aCTapej (Muret). Fig. 16 Ciollol of 8a5tareU5 (\1urel).
C, 17 MCleBu. 0111,[10<:: (Sindos) Fig. 17 S"ords, SlnOOs (Sindos).
('.1
"
Konja. CI!H,[IOC (Smdosl Fig. IS Spear lipS, Smdos (Sindos).
c., J9 \1e'leBIi. 13a.1311,[10BO II reBre.1Uja Fig. J9 ValandO\o, Ge\'gcliJa (rcopnlca).
(rcoprllclJ).
c., 20-23 3.1aTIlII 05cn..11. Tpe6eIlIIIUTa (Jb non08I1h). Fig!>. 20-!3 Gold earrings. Trchellls\a (n,. nonOSl1h).
c.,
"
o6en.:lt. ne.1arOIUija (MlkuI6.:1 Fig. 24 Silver earrings. Pelagonia (Mikulci':).
c., 25 Cpe6pcIIH 06CTMI. CII!lAOC (Sindos). Fig. 25 Silver e3rrings, Sindos (Sind05).
e, 26 3.1anHl o<5cTMt. CII!lAOC (Sindos) Fig. 26 Gold earrlllgs. Sindos (Sindos)
C, 27 Cpc6peuH 6e.1el"3l1l1. CIIIIAOC (Smdos) Fig. 27 Silver bracelet. Sindo5 (SindO\).
C,
"
Cpe6pemt rpl18IUt. Tpe6emlluTa Fig. 28 Silver bracelet. Trebenisla (By;mh \1)3.').
(8ymlh.1933).
e, 29 rpllBua. neTI1J1cn-5epall1\l1 Fig. 29 Silver bracelet. Petilep-Bcranci
PelagoniJ31
Pclagonija).
e, 3032 3naTIIII C rpJ1l!lll1. emlt\oe (Slnd05).
Figs. 30-32 Gold necklace, Sindos (Sindos).
e, 3334 3J1aTIlII JIPUl.lpJOIIII.
FigS. 333.1 Gold pendant. Petilep-lkranci
PeI3goni]a).
(Mikulcit. Pelagonija).
en 3J1aTfIll npUl.lpJOIII1. Tpe6cuHlU'fa
Figs.
35-36 Gold pendants, Trebenistn (]h.
nonosllh).
(lh . nonj:)Bllh)
Figs. 37, 3Th Gold necklaCes. Sindos (Sindos).
e, 37.376 3113TfI I repllJ1llll. CUIlIlOC (Smdos).
C, rCpIlall KUJIII6ap, CrIllJ!OC (Slndos)
Fig.38 Amber necklace. Silidos (Smdos).
e,
39 311aTell - _pAau. C\IIllIOC (Smdos).
Fig.39 Gold necklace. Sindos (Smd05).
e,
4041 3J13TfIl! I cpe6pcIIII <pu6YlIll. CrIllAoc
Figs. 40.4 I Gold and silver fihulae, SlIldos
(Sindosl
Sliver fibulae. Trcbenista I'HI).
e,
42 CpeGpelll1 q,1I6),111. TpcGeIllIlUTJ1
Fig. 42
(I3YJ1l1h I'BI).
Fig. 43
Si1\'cr fibulae. Pcrilep-Bcranci
e,.
43 Cpe6pellll q,1I6YJlII. neTf1J1en-Depatl1\1I
(Mlkultit'. Pclagoni]a).
(Mikultic. PeJagonija).
c.,
44 Cpc6pcII!l q,116Ylla. XaI1KIIAII" (Amandry).
Fig. 4.1
Sil\'cr fibula. Chalkidlke (Amandr)).
('.1 45
Cpc6pellli urJlI1. CIIIIJlOC (Sindosl
Fig 45
Sliver pins. SmOOs (Sindos). .
en. 46 Cpc6pellli I1rllll. neTI\/len-liepallllll 1\
Fig. 46
$il\er pins, Pelilep-Beranci and Trebenls\a
Tpe6eHIIHI'fa
Fig. 47
Silver (B):1l1h. 19.13).
c.,
47 CpeGpclIII I!rnl!. TpeUelllHuT3 (BYJll1h 1933)
C,
48 EipOlIJemi IIrna. rp'IIIUITe (reoprne"l
Fig 48
Bronze pin. (reOprllc8).
121
Cl 4<1 P:I:IO.111111T:I (.'1>. nOn\ll111h)_
('., :3.1;lTlHl-CI'C(>PCllll 111":111. (Sm,!.l\)
('.1 ("PC(>PC1111 lILlII. TpCticlt11UlTa lBl.luh 1'>l.U).
('., :3.1JnI11111".111. CU'1.1<X (Sl11d ... )
C1 C'pc6pCl1a I1r.1a. Tpc(>ellllllITn (F.I"",).
('., Cpe6pC11a 11L,a. \:am .. lt1l1" (Am;l11dry)
C, II L111. CI1I1,we Tpc6CllllUI'I';I. PC'IIlI\H
C, 3.1aTIII1 M:lC".t. TpC(>e111I1UTa (Filo,,).
Cl f1(l 3_1:1T1t:l Tpcticlll1tllra 1'>131)_
C,_ til 3.1aTlta Tpdklll11UTn (Bl.1l1h 1<1.1.1).
C., tl2 3.101'11;1 'hICK:!. nCTltl1CII-])cpamll1.
(\hkultIC. I'c!ngonip)_
C, 0.1-07 3.1:1T1111 MaC"lt. CHlI;ll>e (Slndo')
C.l 3.1:1ma M:lCI'a. Xa.'''ll,.ll1'' (Am3ndryl_
('.1 tit,! 3.'13T1I3 pa"aBI1U3. Tpc(ie'lItUlTa (Filo,,)
ell 70-71
C1 n 3,laTcll lIallr"pa/lllllK. Tpc6c1ll1H.1Tn (Filnw).
C.l 73 Cpe6pcIIJ fl_'O't"a. PC'III1(a
(LahtO\. Slwla R).
Cl 74.75 3.'13T11It n.l0'1"lt. Om.l<X (Slnd,l';)
7" 3.'1am;1 1I110'I"a. LIIIII\OC (Slndos)
('.1 7779 ;.Kel1eJlut 11 lipOllJC1I1I KO.lll. CIIIIIlOC (Silldos).
C, iUlRI \10tlcTlt l1a flCpotU1
C, S2 \101lCT3 113
c., IO-S4 Ky.'TlU1 npe"MCTI1. C"II,lOC (Slndo\)_
('.1. 6(>OII1ellll a.1KI1. XaI1Kl1lllt". Tpe6clutuJTa.
KO'J:\IIU (Amandry. Bynuh 1931. 19.1.').
en SiI-S9 MOtleTIl 11:1 Ile(>Oun
('.1_ 90 MoueTa lIa naTpaj_
C, 91 MoneTa lIa TeyTaoc
c., ':12 6(>0'131:11 KpaTep, Tpc(>eIlItLllT3 (Filow)
C, 9.' Cpe6petl 6polll. (Am;mdry).
('.1. 01\ raJII. KpllT
C.l. 6poinellJ pa'IKa. Tpt!(ielUtiUTa ( Spun 11/]3)_
.. j') IJWll/e p"". Ph n"n,lnllh)
'ill Gold-S,I\cr pin,. Sind", (SlIlfJ''''J
FI):' SII.cr pm,. Trel>cTlI'la 1'1'.11
h):, Gold pm'. Smd,,, (Sind.",).
I'll! Si(ICT 1'111. Trd>eni<.ta ( I-il",,)
h): Sh Silver pm. Chalkidlkc (Amandrvl_
hg S7 I'in_.
h):, Gnld m3,k" (I'ilo,,)
hI!. totl Gold nu,k. Trcoc11l"13 CBy.,l1h 19-'1)_
hl!_ til Gold rna,k, ]<1.'3).
bg 02 Gold l1lJ\k. !'cldep-Berancl
I'c\agonlj<l)
Flp 6367 Gold ma<k., (SindO\)_
(,s Gold 1l1a,k, Chalki{hkc (Amalldry)_
1'1):.,,9 Gold glove. ( Fil,,,,)_
I'IS' 7() 71 Gold <,;mdals, (By.ll1h I I).
Fig n Gold bre,l\lplate. Trchclli,la (hlow).
Fig. 7.1 Silvcr placque. RcCica
(Laht" .... SI(ula S)_
FIll. "74. 75 Gold SindO'i (Slndo<)
Fig. 7" Gold placque. Sindo, (Smdos).
Flg\_ 77-79 Iron and hronze car,. Sindo, (Slndo\).
Fig\ llO-RI Coins of Derronc,
Fij: S2 Coin of ichnae.
Figs 838J Cult ohjects, Sind,\,; (5md,l';)
Figs. 8587 Brontc rings, Chalkidikc. Treheni't<l. Kocani.
(Am:mdry, Byllllh [<Hl. 193).
Figs. 8889 Coin' of Derroncs
Fig 911 Coin of l'alraQS.
I-ig 91 Cnin ofTcutaos (Jln,"lItKJocmp(IBc"lI)
Fig 1)2 Bronze kralcr. Trello.:nl'la ( Filow).
Fig 93 Silver broche, Chalkidikc (Amandry).
Fij: 94 Goddc' from G:w. Cre(e_
I'll! Bronlc hnndlc. Trchcnil,ta
A BlilO/WIII 'IrOC!1I!H'lJ!lllO!iipe6(1 aa il Ja6,wlo()O/W IIll i-ia A IKA TEPINI 16ErnOlNI I (J() Co,lnl
JlI COl,JaCI-fOCllill ()a ce KOPIICWlllfl peilpo(hKI(IIWlIe oa KIIlIIU.IOif)11I DNa-or. AOllva 1985_
122
'"
+
J
/
1
2
3
4
r
5
6
~ ~ - ...
7
8
124
9
[0
11
I
\
~

I!-' 125
/,.
13
15
14
&
... J; ~
,
i
t"
)!
j
16
~ ,
(.)
17
126
l
if
"
i
1
, ,
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Contents
(KOH J13.QaH)r eTO) Apanrwa 3ApaBKOBCKI!
nrE)J,rOBOP . ................... .............. ;
BOBE)J,EH OCBPT BP3 HCTOPHJATOT HA OTKPMBAlhATA
..... 9
TPE5EHI1llJTA ........................ _ ....... _ ...................... -............................. 9
J1EJJArO){(JJ.A .. ....................................................... _ ............................................... ... 1/
PA/l.OJlHI1JTA. ....... ............................ ........................ 12
PE'IHU,A........... ................ ..................... .................. 13
nETHJlEnEEPAIIU,H ............................. . 13
BAJlAH/l.OBCKOrEBrEJlHCKH PErHOH ...................... N
CHH/l.OC ................... ............. ..................... .......................... 15
XAJlKH/l.HK HEOnPE/l.EJlEHH JlOKAJlHTETH ........... . .... 16
A1HKPA KAPA5YPYH ....................... .................................................. 17
ArHOC nAPACKEBI1C .................................................... ................................... 17
PErHOHAJlHA ETHH'IKA nPHnA)J, HOCT.. .... . ..................... 19
/l.OJlHO nOBAP/l.APJE 11 CEBEPEH XAJlKHfJl1K ........................................ 19
OXPH/l.CKI1 PErI10H ........................................................................................ 23
nEJlArOI1/1JA ...................... ................ .. .... 27
nOrPEIiYBAlbE ....... ...... . ........ .. .... ..................................... 28
KOMnAI'ATHBHA AHAJlH3A HA
APXEOJlOIIIKHOT MATEPHJAJI .
BOEHA OflPEMA ................ .
1IIJJ!I10BII ..
OPY'A(J .
HAKIIT .
05ETKN .................... .
5EJ/Er3HII ..... ..
tEPJJ.AIIJI .................... ,.
/LJAJIOA3I1CKI1 (/)IISYJIH ..
l1r.nM ..................... .
KYJITHI/ flPE/l.METI/ ... ..
nOrf'/:;SIII/ MACKII ........ .
. 33
..34
. ............ 3-1
.. ....................... 36
. ............. 37
....... 38
............... 39
... 39
. .... -II
42
.. N
. . -15
HAPAI\BJlUlf"If "C,\{//lAJlJf" , ..
.... ............. -11)
lfA/lrPAflllllUlf .................... .. .. 50
flPynf AnJ7JfKAUlflf ...... .
. .............................................. .... 5/
DBOI\OJIKII ...................... .. ..
.IIA CJI {IKIf /I CTO]flllflbA .. ... .
.... .. ..... 52
. ............. .
.53
6POH3EHlf AJlKJI ......... , ... . ..... 5-1
KYJ1THII CJlMBOJ1I1
...................... 55
COHlfEBIf CJlM60JlJl ....... , ............ . .. ...... 55
BEnAP ........................ ........................... .. .............................. 56
3M1IJA ........ . ........... .. .. 57
JIAB ............ . ...... 58
511K ..................... .......................
A<P110HOBA 'IAIlfKA .......................... ................... ... 59
HCTOPI1CKA 3AAHHHA 11 APXEOJlOIUKH nOTBPAI1 ..... 61
3AIIPIIIHI1 PA3MHCJIYBAlhA ............ ;.................. .......... 73
WIIO WAS BURIED IN THE TREBENISTA CEMETERy ......... 91
FOREWORD ............................................................................. 91
SHORT IIISTORY OF TilE DISCOVERY ..................................... . .......... 91
TR8ENl.ful.. . . . ......................................................................... 91
DELAGOZDA.. . ............................................................................................................... 92
REt/C4 ..................................... ......................................... . ........................ 9..1
PETILEP-BERANCi ................................................................................................ 92
VAL--INDOVOGEVGLIJ,4RGION .................................................................................... 92
SINDOS.................... ............................... .. ......................................................................... 9.1
CflALCiDICE - I ...................................................................................................................... 93
AI/KRA KARA8l1RlIN ............................................................................................................. 9.1
HAGIOS PARASKEV/S .............................................................................................................. 9]
ETHNIC A lTRl8l1TION OF THE REGIONS ......................................... . ........... 9]
LOlrER VARDAR VALLEY AND NORTHCf4LC/DICE. ............................. . ............ 9./
OHRiD REGION........... . ........................................................................... 9./
PEfAGOJI/iA. . ................................................................................................................... 95
BURIALS..... ............. ................ . .......................................... 95
COMPARATIVEANALYSIS OF TIIEARCIIAEOLOCICAL AfATERfAL 98
WAlIRJOR E{]UIPAfENT ............. ............ ........................ . ......... M
HELMETS... . .... 9<5'
WEAPONS ..................................................................................................................... , ......... fJ9
JEff/ELLERy............................... ............. ......... ........ . 99
f::AJl-JUNGS .................................................. ........................... ,..... . ... 99
BHACELETS ................................................................ .................................................. , ..... /00
NECKLACES .... ...................................................................................................... .
FIBULAE .................. .
PINS
CULT AR7IFACTS ........................ .............. .
GOLD OEATI/ MASKS ........................................ ......................................................... .
GLOrEs. SANDALS ANI} BREASTPLATES ..
OTHER APPLI{]UES ..... ............ .
TWO-WI/EELED CART ... .................................................................. .
BRONZE RINGS ....
CULTSYMBOLS ....
., .................................................................................. ,'
100
. .. 100
.100
I{JI
. ... 101
. .. I()]
/02
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I()]
JO}
SOLAR SYMIJOLS. . ............. .
BOAR 103
JO]
SNAXE IfJI
LION 10./
BlILL .................. IfJI
poppy .... 105
HISTORJC BACKCROUNDAND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE .............. /06
FINAL CONSiDERATION........................ ......................... I/O
EI1EJlI10fPA<I>HJA H KPATEHKH .......................... .
115

ILLUSTRATIONS/ MAPS ......................................................................... 119
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BN 9989-619-24-7