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Statistics Probability q3 Mod7 Percentile and T Distribution
Statistics Probability q3 Mod7 Percentile and T Distribution
Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Percentiles and t-distribution
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TEAM LEADERS:
School Head : Reycor E. Sacdalan, PhD
LRMDS Coordinator : Pearly V. Villagracia
Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Percentiles and T-Distribution
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Know
A. Read the statements carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
3. This refers to the measure of position whose data is divided into 100 parts.
A. Percentiles
B. Quartiles
C. Deciles
D. Median
5. What will be the degree of freedom of the data with a sample size of 20?
A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 20
For number 6 to 8, use the given data below to answer the following questions.
“There are 9 students who will be taking up the test, the researcher sets the level of
significance to 0.05. The following are the scores of nine students in the test:
9. What will be the degree of freedom with a t-value of 1 and a sample size of 2?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
10. Find the t-value of 2.5th percentile on the t-table with a degree of freedom of
6.
A. 2.570
B. 4.030
C. -2.570
D. -4.030
II. For numbers 11-15, complete the table below. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Percentile n t
40th percentile 23 (11)
75th percentile 20 (12)
90th percentile 25 (13)
95th percentile 15 (14)
97.5th percentile 10 (15)
Lesson
Percentile and the
1 T-Distribution
Percentiles have been discussed on your Grade 10 and their uses. These were
also discussed that percentiles are identifier of a student’s performance in
comparison to the performance of the whole class.
In this lesson, you will explore and understand the student’s t-distribution
and identify the percentiles using the t-tables.
What’s In
2. 25th percentile
3. 50th percentile
4. 75th percentile
5. 95th percentile
What’s New
Find 5 words on the puzzle below. For each word you find, make a brief definition
or expectation about the word.
P E R C E N T I L E A S C E R T T G Y D
D S F F C B D S G H J K L F C B B L E E
C D V R R H I C M N O D R R R H B Y J G
F C B G H T S V D S E R T G H T N J U R
R R H T K Y T T A B L E F T K Y B Y J E
G H T G J J R J J B Y J G G J J G H J E
T K Y H U K I U K N J U V H U K L U E O
G J J B Y A B J J B Y J V S D F G H J F
H U K N J S U E F G H J K Q S A T F B F
K Y Q M K D T V A L U E Q C V Y N M L R
I T A R L F I Q W E R T Y U I O O O J E
O L E V E L O F S I G N I F I C A N C E
R W D A L B N F R F K Y H U K E R N F D
T F E J J B Y C E G J J B Y A D T Y R O
L Q W U K N J E E G U K N J S C W E R M
P W M L I M I T E D Y Q M K D F G H J Y
1. Using the words that you have found, what are the things that come into
your mind?
What is It
The normal distribution assumes that the population standard deviation is known.
The t-distribution does not make this assumption.
The t-distribution is defined by the degrees of freedom. These are related to the
sample size.
The t-distribution is most useful for small sample sizes, when the population
standard deviation is not known, or both.
As the sample size increases, the t-distribution becomes more similar to a normal
distribution.
Using the t-table, shown on the next page we can be able to identify the t value of a
certain data.
2. Percentile – This is a measure of position with data divided into 100 parts.
Below is the t-table which you can use to find the t-value
Illustrative example:
1. Identify the t-value whose number of samples n = 7 and has an area (𝛼)
equal to 0.05.
2. Find the t-value whose degree of freedom is 20 and has 𝛼 = 0.01.
3. Identify the t-value of the following percentiles given the number of samples.
a. 95th percentile , N= 30
b. 90th percentile, N=20
Solution:
1. To identify the t-value, identify first the degree of freedom using the formula
df= n-1 where n is the sample size.
df = n-1
df = 7-1
df = 6
Locate the t-value on the t-table using the degree of freedom and the area (𝛼)
Therefore, the t-value with sample size of 7 and has 𝛼 = 0.05 is 1.943.
2. Since the degree of freedom and 𝛼 are already given locate the t-value
on the t-table.
3. a. The 95th percentile is the number where 95% of the values lie below it
and 5% lie above it, so you want the right-tail area to be 0.05. Move across
the row, find the column for 0.05, and then locate the t-value using n=30 or
df = 29.
b. The 90th percentile is the number where 90% of the values lie below it
and 10% lie above it, so you want the right-tail area to be 0.01. Move across
the row, find the column for 0.05, and then locate the t-value using n=20 or
df = 19.
What’s More
1. 60th percentile 2
2. 75th percentile 5
3. 25th percentile 15
4. 90th percentile 7
5. 95th percentile 20
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With steps closer on closing this module, answer the following questions with
at most 3 sentences. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
2. Enumerate the steps on identifying the t-value using the number of samples
and the right tailed area.
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What I Can Do
ACTIVITY 1:
Triple Matching Type: Match column A (the t-value) to Column b (the degree of
freedom) and then to column C (the percentile).
A B C
A. 1 a. 97.5th percentile
1. 0.277
B. 6 b. 90th percentile
2. 1.734
C. 18 c. 75th percentile
3. 1.000
D. 3 d. 95th percentile
4. 1.345
E. 14 e. 60th percentile
5. 2.447
ACTIVITY 2:
Rowena wants to test a randomly selected 20 students for her study.
Identify the t-value of the following percentiles.
1. 75th percentile
2. 5th percentile
3. 60th percentile
4. 40th percentile
5. 90th percentile
Assessment
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
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2. This refers to the measure of position with data divided into 100 parts.
A. Percentiles
B. Quartiles
C. Deciles
D. Median
5. What will be the degree of freedom of the data whose sample size is 18?
A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 20
For number 6 to 8, use the given data below to answer the following questions.
There are 9 students who will be taking up the test, the researcher sets the level of
significance to 0.05. The following are the scores of the nine students:
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10. Find the t-value of 2.5th percentile using the t-table with a degree of freedom
of 6.
A. 2.570
B. 4.030
C. -2.570
D. -4.030
Percentile n t
40th percentile 2
75th percentile 10
90th percentile 15
95th percentile 20
97.5th percentile 25
Additional Activities
1. James got a score which is 60% higher than those who took the diagnostic test.
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, identify the t-value of the percentiles of the following by filling up the table:
Student t-value
1. Joanna
2. James
3. Jimuel
4. Lester
5. Rowena
Question:
15
References
Calaca.N, Uy, C. ,Noble, N.M.& Manalo. R. A. (2016). Statistics and Probability. VIBAL
BOOKSTORE.
https://www.dummies.com/education/math/statistics/how-to-find-percentiles-for-
a-t-distribution/courses.lumenlearning.com.
https://www.jbstatistics.com/r-basics-finding-percentiles-and-areas-for-the-t-
distribution/
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